1
|
Stolyarchuk M, Botnari M, Tchertanov L. Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex-Protein Disulphide Isomerase Assemblies in the Thiol-Disulphide Exchange Reactions: Portrayal of Precursor-to-Successor Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4135. [PMID: 38673722 PMCID: PMC11050172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex (hVKORC1), a key enzyme that converts vitamin K into the form necessary for blood clotting, requires for its activation the reducing equivalents supplied by its redox partner through thiol-disulphide exchange reactions. The functionally related molecular complexes assembled during this process have never been described, except for a proposed de novo model of a 'precursor' complex of hVKORC1 associated with protein disulphide isomerase (PDI). Using numerical approaches (in silico modelling and molecular dynamics simulation), we generated alternative 3D models for each molecular complex bonded either covalently or non-covalently. These models differ in the orientation of the PDI relative to hVKORC1 and in the cysteine residue involved in forming protein-protein disulphide bonds. Based on a comparative analysis of these models' shape, folding, and conformational dynamics, the most probable putative complexes, mimicking the 'precursor', 'intermediate', and 'successor' states, were suggested. In addition, we propose using these complexes to develop the 'allo-network drugs' necessary for treating blood diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luba Tchertanov
- Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Botnari M, Tchertanov L. Synergy of Mutation-Induced Effects in Human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase: Perspectives and Challenges for Allo-Network Modulator Design. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2043. [PMID: 38396721 PMCID: PMC10889538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex (hVKORC1), a key enzyme transforming vitamin K into the form necessary for blood clotting, requires for its activation the reducing equivalents delivered by its redox partner through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. The luminal loop (L-loop) is the principal mediator of hVKORC1 activation, and it is a region frequently harbouring numerous missense mutations. Four L-loop hVKORC1 mutants, suggested in vitro as either resistant (A41S, H68Y) or completely inactive (S52W, W59R), were studied in the oxidised state by numerical approaches (in silico). The DYNASOME and POCKETOME of each mutant were characterised and compared to the native protein, recently described as a modular protein composed of the structurally stable transmembrane domain (TMD) and the intrinsically disordered L-loop, exhibiting quasi-independent dynamics. The DYNASOME of mutants revealed that L-loop missense point mutations impact not only its folding and dynamics, but also those of the TMD, highlighting a strong mutation-specific interdependence between these domains. Another consequence of the mutation-induced effects manifests in the global changes (geometric, topological, and probabilistic) of the newly detected cryptic pockets and the alternation of the recognition properties of the L-loop with its redox protein. Based on our results, we postulate that (i) intra-protein allosteric regulation and (ii) the inherent allosteric regulation and cryptic pockets of each mutant depend on its DYNASOME; and (iii) the recognition of the redox protein by hVKORC1 (INTERACTOME) depend on their DYNASOME. This multifaceted description of proteins produces "omics" data sets, crucial for understanding the physiological processes of proteins and the pathologies caused by alteration of the protein properties at various "omics" levels. Additionally, such characterisation opens novel perspectives for the development of "allo-network drugs" essential for the treatment of blood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luba Tchertanov
- Centre Borelli, École Normale Supérieure (ENS) Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Y, Chen SY, Wang ZN, Zhou ZQ, Sun J, Zhang GA, Li J, Wang L, Zhao JC, Tang XX, Wang DY, Zhong NS. Dicoumarol is an effective post-exposure prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in human airway epithelium. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:242. [PMID: 37301869 PMCID: PMC10256976 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells (AECs) is a quick way to find novel treatments for COVID-19. Computational screening has found dicoumarol (DCM), a natural anticoagulant, to be a potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, but its inhibitory effects and possible working mechanisms remain unknown. Using air-liquid interface culture of primary human AECs, we demonstrated that DCM has potent antiviral activity against the infection of multiple Omicron variants (including BA.1, BQ.1 and XBB.1). Time-of-addition and drug withdrawal assays revealed that early treatment (continuously incubated after viral absorption) of DCM could markedly inhibit Omicron replication in AECs, but DCM did not affect the absorption, exocytosis and spread of viruses or directly eliminate viruses. Mechanistically, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis (a database of 77,969 cells from different airway locations from 10 healthy volunteers) and immunofluorescence staining, and showed that the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), one of the known DCM targets, was predominantly localised in ciliated AECs. We further found that the NQO1 expression level was positively correlated with both the disease severity of COVID-19 patients and virus copy levels in cultured AECs. In addition, DCM treatment downregulated NQO1 expression and disrupted signalling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes (e.g., Endocytosis and COVID-19 signalling pathways) in cultured AECs. Collectively, we demonstrated that DCM is an effective post-exposure prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human AECs, and these findings could help physicians formulate novel treatment strategies for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Cun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun C, Zhao W, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen X. A pharmacological review of dicoumarol: An old natural anticoagulant agent. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105193. [PMID: 32911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dicoumarol is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed in clinical for decades. It is a natural hydroxycoumarin discovered from the spoilage of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall and is originally discovered as a rodenticide. Due to its structural similarity to that of vitamin K, it significantly inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase and acts as a vitamin K antagonist. Dicoumarol is mainly used as an anticoagulant to prevent thrombogenesis and to cure vascular thrombosis. Other biological activities besides anticoagulants such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc., have also been documented. The side effects of dicoumarol raise safety concerns for clinical application. In this review, the physicochemical property, the pharmacological activities, the side effects, and the pharmacokinetics of dicoumarol were summarized, aiming to provide a whole picture of the "old" anticoagulant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yinxiang Sun
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoyt M, Reger M, Marley A, Fan H, Liu Z, Zhang J. Vitamin K intake and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:392-401. [PMID: 30624568 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K inhibits prostate cancer cells, and an altered expression of vitamin K-dependent proteins in prostate tumors has been linked to their aggressiveness and progression. However, little is known about the effect of vitamin K intake on prostate cancer in human populations. Objectives We evaluated the associations of dietary intake of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1), menaquinones (vitamin K-2), and total vitamin K with the development of prostate cancer among participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Design Dietary intake of vitamin K was assessed with the Dietary Questionnaire (DQX) at baseline and the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ) at the third anniversary of randomization by using high-performance liquid chromatography-based food-composition data obtained from the USDA and published studies. During a median follow-up of 11.8 y, 2978 cases of prostate cancer (including 490 advanced cases) were identified from the 28,356 men who completed DQX. Similarly, 2973 cases of prostate cancer (including 647 advanced cases) were documented from the 48,090 men who completed DHQ. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate prostate cancer risk in relation to the dietary intake of vitamin K. Results After adjustment for confounders, dietary intakes of phylloquinone, menaquinones, and total vitamin K, assessed with either the DQX or DHQ, were not significantly associated with the risk of advanced, nonadvanced, and total prostate cancer. These results remained virtually the same when vitamin K intake was modeled as a categorical (divided into quintiles) or continuous (per IQR increase) variable or after outliers of total vitamin K intake (defined as a value that falls above the sum of third quartile and twice the IQR) were excluded. Conclusions The present study does not suggest that vitamin K intake influences the occurrence of total and advanced prostate cancer in the general US population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Reger
- Departments of Epidemiology.,Public Health Programs, College of Health Professions, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI
| | | | | | - Ziyue Liu
- Biostatistics, Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Departments of Epidemiology.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boitet M, Hammed A, Chatron N, Debaux JV, Benoit E, Lattard V. Elevated difenacoum metabolism is involved in the difenacoum-resistant phenotype observed in Berkshire rats homozygous for the L120Q mutation in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1328-1334. [PMID: 29155484 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soon after difenacoum began to be used, resistance to this rodenticide was detected in rats in northeast Hampshire and northwest Berkshire in England. Resistance to difenacoum has been reported to be stronger in rats from Berkshire than in rats from Hampshire. Surprisingly, after the discovery of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene, rats from Berkshire and Hampshire were all shown to be homozygous for the L120Q mutation in Vkorc1. RESULTS This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Berkshire rats to confirm their extreme resistance and determine mechanisms supporting this resistance. For this purpose, we created a quasicongenic rat F7 strain by using a Berkshire rat as a donor to introduce the L120Q mutation in Vkorc1 into the genetic background of an anticoagulant-susceptible recipient strain. The use of F7 rats enabled demonstration of (i) the level of resistance to difenacoum conferred by the L120Q mutation, (ii) co-dominance of the L120 and Q120 alleles, (iii) the extreme resistance of Berkshire rats compared with Q120/Q120 rats as a consequence of additional resistance mechanisms, and (iv) the involvement of cytochrome P 450 (CYP450) enzymes in this extreme resistance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that elevated CYP450 oxidative metabolism leading to accelerated difenacoum detoxification is involved in the Berkshire phenotype. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Boitet
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Abdessalem Hammed
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Nolan Chatron
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jean Valéry Debaux
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang NX, Xu YH, Xia JW, Jiang B, Li YS. Impact of GGCX polymorphisms on warfarin dose requirements in atrial fibrillation patients. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1239-1246. [PMID: 29156869 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1609-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: Warfarin is a common anticoagulant with large interindividual differences and a narrow therapeutic range. The polymorphisms of gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) are important genetic factors for warfarin dose requirements. Materials and methods: Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing methods were used to detect the GGCX rs699664 genotype in 215 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with warfarin administration. The effects on warfarin dose by different genotypes were analyzed. A warfarin dosing algorithm was developed based on age, height, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and GGCX genotype. Results: In 215 AF patients, there were 104 cases of wild-type GG genotype (48.4%), 92 cases of GA genotype (42.8%), and 19 cases of AA genotype (8.8%). Patients with the GGCX rs699664 A allele (GA or AA genotypes) needed higher warfarin doses than those with the GG genotype (P < 0.05). A warfarin dosing algorithm showed that age, height, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and GGCX genotype were the best variables for estimating warfarin dose (R2 = 41.2%). Another independent cohort of 60 AF patients showed a significant linear correlation between predicted warfarin maintenance dose and actual dose (R = 0.660, P < 0.01). Conclusion: AF patients with the GA and AA genotypes in GGCX rs699664 required significantly higher warfarin doses. GGCX rs699664 is a potential predictor for the warfarin dose of AF patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rao P, Burkart T. Advances in oral anticoagulation therapy – What's in the pipeline? Blood Rev 2017; 31:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
9
|
Chatron N, Chalmond B, Trouvé A, Benoît E, Caruel H, Lattard V, Tchertanov L. Identification of the functional states of human vitamin K epoxide reductase from molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionally-related states of hVKORC1 predicted from MD conformations were assigned by probing their affinity to vitamin K and validated through analysis of its binding energy with VKAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Chatron
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA)
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
| | - B. Chalmond
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA)
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
| | - A. Trouvé
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA)
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
| | - E. Benoît
- USC 1233 INRA-Vetagro Sup
- Veterinary School of Lyon
- Marcy l'Etoile
- France
| | | | - V. Lattard
- USC 1233 INRA-Vetagro Sup
- Veterinary School of Lyon
- Marcy l'Etoile
- France
| | - L. Tchertanov
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA)
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Cavaco S, Viegas CSB, Rafael MS, Ramos A, Magalhães J, Blanco FJ, Vermeer C, Simes DC. Gla-rich protein is involved in the cross-talk between calcification and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1051-65. [PMID: 26337479 PMCID: PMC11108449 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by articular cartilage loss, tissue inflammation, abnormal bone formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Disease-modifying treatments are not yet available and a better understanding of osteoarthritis pathophysiology should lead to the discovery of more effective treatments. Gla-rich protein (GRP) has been proposed to act as a mineralization inhibitor and was recently shown to be associated with OA in vivo. Here, we further investigated the association of GRP with OA mineralization-inflammation processes. Using a synoviocyte and chondrocyte OA cell system, we showed that GRP expression was up-regulated following cell differentiation throughout ECM calcification, and that inflammatory stimulation with IL-1β results in an increased expression of COX2 and MMP13 and up-regulation of GRP. Importantly, while treatment of articular cells with γ-carboxylated GRP inhibited ECM calcification, treatment with either GRP or GRP-coated basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals resulted in the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and mediators of inflammation, independently of its γ-carboxylation status. Our results strengthen the calcification inhibitory function of GRP and strongly suggest GRP as a novel anti-inflammatory agent, with potential beneficial effects on the main processes responsible for osteoarthritis progression. In conclusion, GRP is a strong candidate target to develop new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cavaco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carla S B Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Rafael
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Acácio Ramos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Algarve Medical Centre (CHAlgarve), Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Grupo de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cees Vermeer
- VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dina C Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stiborová M, Levová K, Bárta F, Šulc M, Frei E, Arlt VM, Schmeiser HH. The influence of dicoumarol on the bioactivation of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I in rats. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:189-200. [PMID: 24598128 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is the major toxic component of the plant extract AA, which leads to the development of nephropathy and urothelial cancer in human. Individual susceptibility to AAI-induced disease might reflect variability in enzymes that metabolise AAI. In vitro NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is the most potent enzyme that activates AAI by catalyzing formation of AAI-DNA adducts, which are found in kidneys of patients exposed to AAI. Inhibition of renal NQO1 activity by dicoumarol has been shown in mice. Here, we studied the influence of dicoumarol on metabolic activation of AAI in Wistar rats in vivo. In contrast to previous in vitro findings, dicoumarol did not inhibit AAI-DNA adduct formation in rats. Compared with rats treated with AAI alone, 11- and 5.4-fold higher AAI-DNA adduct levels were detected in liver and kidney, respectively, of rats pretreated with dicoumarol prior to exposure to AAI. Cytosols and microsomes isolated from liver and kidney of these rats were analysed for activity and protein levels of enzymes known to be involved in AAI metabolism. The combination of dicoumarol with AAI induced NQO1 protein level and activity in both organs. This was paralleled by an increase in AAI-DNA adduct levels found in ex vivo incubations with cytosols from rats pretreated with dicoumarol compared to cytosols from untreated rats. Microsomal ex vivo incubations showed a lower AAI detoxication to its oxidative metabolite, 8-hydroxyaristolochic acid (AAIa), although cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A was practically unchanged. Because of these unexpected results, we examined CYP2C activity in microsomes and found that treatment of rats with dicoumarol alone and in combination with AAI inhibited CYP2C6/11 in liver. Therefore, these results indicate that CYP2C enzymes might contribute to AAI detoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Computational design of an enantioselective molecular imprinted polymer for the solid phase extraction of S-warfarin from plasma. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Saleh MI, Alzubiedi S. Dosage Individualization of Warfarin Using Artificial Neural Networks. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:371-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Giglia TM, Massicotte MP, Tweddell JS, Barst RJ, Bauman M, Erickson CC, Feltes TF, Foster E, Hinoki K, Ichord RN, Kreutzer J, McCrindle BW, Newburger JW, Tabbutt S, Todd JL, Webb CL. Prevention and Treatment of Thrombosis in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation 2013; 128:2622-703. [DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000436140.77832.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
16
|
Pelchovich G, Omer-Bendori S, Gophna U. Menaquinone and iron are essential for complex colony development in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79488. [PMID: 24223955 PMCID: PMC3817097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of undomesticated species of Bacillus subtilis frequently form complex colonies during spreading on agar surfaces. Given that menaquinone is involved in another form of coordinated behavior, namely, sporulation, we looked for a possible role for menaquinone in complex colony development (CCD) in the B. subtilis strain NCIB 3610. Here we show that inhibition of menaquinone biosynthesis in B. subtilis indeed abolished its ability to develop complex colonies. Additionally some mutations of B. subtilis which confer defective CCD could be suppressed by menaquinone derivatives. Several such mutants mapped to the dhb operon encoding the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the iron siderophore, bacillibactin. Our results demonstrate that both menaquinone and iron are essential for CCD in B. subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gidi Pelchovich
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Shira Omer-Bendori
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Layher JW, Poling JS, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Alvarez-Manilla G, Puett D. A Possible Effect of Concentrated Oolong Tea Causing Transient Ischemic Attack-Like Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:2157-2172. [PMID: 24900951 PMCID: PMC4041283 DOI: 10.9734/bjmmr/2013/4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims Tea (green, oolong, and black) is the second most widely consumed beverage worldwide, second only to water. Aside from a few reported adverse effects, tea, particularly green tea, appears to be beneficial for human health. In the case described herein, a male experienced several transient ischemic attack-like symptoms immediately following the consumption of a cup of high quality oolong tea. A thorough medical evaluation uncovered no evidence of such an attack and leads to the suggestion of a heretofore unreported response to oolong tea. Presentation of Case A 72-year old male with hypertension and atrial fibrillation, who takes valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide to control hypertension and warfarin to reduce the risk of thrombosis and thromboembolism, presented at the emergency room of a local hospital describing several transient ischemic attack-like symptoms immediately after consuming a cup of oolong tea. His symptoms included presyncope, disequilibrium, bilateral hand parathesias, mild dysphasia, and visual problems (but apparently not presbyopia or amaurosis fugax), all of which had disappeared in approximately two hours after drinking the tea. (Mild presyncope was previously noted by the patient when ingesting a strong green tea.) No unusual features emerged from his physical examination, and his blood work was unremarkable except for elevation of his partial thromboplastin time (39 sec) and prothrombin time (22.5 sec), giving an international reference of 2.0, all consistent with the effects of warfarin. A battery of tests by the emergency room physician, a cardiologist, and a neurologist, e.g. electrocardiogram, brain computerized tomography, 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram, brain magnetic resonance imaging, with and without 20 ml Gadolinium, and a magnetic resonance angiogram, confirmed the earlier diagnosis of atrial fibrillation but disclosed no additional malfunction in his heart. His brain showed no evidence of a prior hemorrhage, and his carotid arteries were clear. Methodology and Results Analysis of the oolong tea by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry identified the major catechins and two methylxanthines, caffeine and theophylline, as well as other constituents, but there was no evidence of any extraneous chemicals that could lead to the symptoms. Conclusion In view of the rapid onset of symptoms after the consumption of oolong tea, bilateral as opposed to unilateral parathesis, and the absence of any evidence of a hemorrhage or the presence of impurities in the tea, we suggest that the transient ischemic attack-like symptoms could possibly be attributable to one or more components of the oolong tea and was not an atypical magnetic resonance imaging-negative transient ischemic attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Layher
- Oconee Heart and Vascular Center, St. Mary's Health Care System, Inc., Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Jon S Poling
- Athens Neurological Associates, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Division of Analytical Services, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Division of Analytical Services, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - David Puett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ronchetti I, Boraldi F, Annovi G, Cianciulli P, Quaglino D. Fibroblast involvement in soft connective tissue calcification. Front Genet 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23467434 PMCID: PMC3588566 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft connective tissue calcification is not a passive process, but the consequence of metabolic changes of local mesenchymal cells that, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, alter the balance between pro- and anti-calcifying pathways. While the role of smooth muscle cells and pericytes in ectopic calcifications has been widely investigated, the involvement of fibroblasts is still elusive. Fibroblasts isolated from the dermis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients and of patients exhibiting PXE-like clinical and histopathological findings offer an attractive model to investigate the mechanisms leading to the precipitation of mineral deposits within elastic fibers and to explore the influence of the genetic background and of the extracellular environment on fibroblast-associated calcifications, thus improving the knowledge on the role of mesenchymal cells on pathologic mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giulia Annovi
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Quaglino
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ito A, Shirakawa H, Takumi N, Minegishi Y, Ohashi A, Howlader ZH, Ohsaki Y, Sato T, Goto T, Komai M. Menaquinone-4 enhances testosterone production in rats and testis-derived tumor cells. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:158. [PMID: 21914161 PMCID: PMC3180407 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K is essential for the posttranslational modification of various Gla proteins. Although it is widespread in several organs, including the testis, the function of vitamin K in these organs is not well characterized. In this study, we investigated the function of vitamin K in the testis and analyzed its role in steroidogenesis. Methods Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were fed a diet supplemented with menaquinone-4 (MK-4, 75 mg/kg diet), one of the predominant K2 vitamins present in the testis, for 5 weeks. In vivo testosterone levels of the rats' plasma and testes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vitro testosterone levels of testis-derived tumor cells (I-10 cells) maintained in Ham's F-10 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum were measured following treatment with MK-4 (0 to 100 μM) at several time points. Testosterone and cellular protein levels were analyzed with respect to their effects on steroidogenesis. Results Testosterone levels in the plasma and testes of MK-4-fed rats were significantly increased compared to those of control rats, with no obvious differences in plasma luteinizing hormone levels. Secreted testosterone levels from I-10 cells were elevated by MK-4, but not by vitamin K1, in a dose-dependent manner independent of cAMP treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of CYP11A, the rate-limiting enzyme in steroidogenesis, and phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and the cAMP response element-binding protein were all stimulated by the presence of MK-4. Enhancement of testosterone production was inhibited by H89, a specific inhibitor of PKA, but not by warfarin, an inhibitor of γ-glutamylcarboxylation. Conclusions MK-4 stimulates testosterone production in rats and testis-derived tumor cells via activation of PKA. MK-4 may be involved in steroidogenesis in the testis, and its supplementation could reverse the downregulation of testosterone production in elders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asagi Ito
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Extending and evaluating a warfarin dosing algorithm that includes CYP4F2 and pooled rare variants of CYP2C9. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2010; 20:407-13. [PMID: 20442691 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328338bac2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Warfarin dosing remains challenging because of its narrow therapeutic window and large variability in dose response. We sought to analyze new factors involved in its dosing and to evaluate eight dosing algorithms, including two developed by the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC). METHODS we enrolled 108 patients on chronic warfarin therapy and obtained complete clinical and pharmacy records; we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms relevant to the VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 genes using integrated fluidic circuits made by Fluidigm. RESULTS When applying the IWPC pharmacogenetic algorithm to our cohort of patients, the percentage of patients within 1 mg/d of the therapeutic warfarin dose increases from 54% to 63% using clinical factors only, or from 38% using a fixed-dose approach. CYP4F2 adds 4% to the fraction of the variability in dose (R) explained by the IWPC pharmacogenetic algorithm (P<0.05). Importantly, we show that pooling rare variants substantially increases the R for CYP2C9 (rare variants: P=0.0065, R=6%; common variants: P=0.0034, R=7%; rare and common variants: P=0.00018; R=12%), indicating that relatively rare variants not genotyped in genome-wide association studies may be important. In addition, the IWPC pharmacogenetic algorithm and the Gage (2008) algorithm perform best (IWPC: R=50%; Gage: R=49%), and all pharmacogenetic algorithms outperform the IWPC clinical equation (R=22%). VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes did not affect long-term variability in dose. Finally, the Fluidigm platform, a novel warfarin genotyping method, showed 99.65% concordance between different operators and instruments. CONCLUSION CYP4F2 and pooled rare variants of CYP2C9 significantly improve the ability to estimate warfarin dose.
Collapse
|
21
|
Baek IH, Kang W, Yun HY, Lee SS, Kwon KI. Modelling the atypical absorption of menatetrenone and the metabolism to its epoxide: effect ofVKORC1polymorphism. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 36:390-8. [PMID: 21545618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I H Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wallin R, Schurgers LJ, Loeser RF. Biosynthesis of the vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) in chondrocytes: a fetuin-MGP protein complex is assembled in vesicles shed from normal but not from osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1096-103. [PMID: 20510384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mineralization has been observed in osteoarthritic cartilage but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor in post-translational modification of proteins where specific Glu residues become modified to Ca(++) binding gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla). One such protein, matrix Gla protein (MGP), is a known mineralization inhibitor. This study determined if synthesis of MGP and formation of a fetuin-MGP protein complex was altered in chondrocytes and vesicles from osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. METHODS Chondrocytes and vesicles were isolated from normal and OA human articular cartilage and lysates prepared. Specific antibodies were used in immunoblotting to detect the mature fully gamma-carboxylated form of MGP (cMGP) and non-gamma-carboxylated MGP (ucMGP) as well as fetuin and MGP-fetuin complexes. gamma-carboxylase activity was measured by (14)CO(2) incorporation into the carboxylase peptide substrate FLEEL. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine fetuin in cartilage sections and uptake of biotin-labeled fetuin by isolated chondrocytes. RESULTS Chondrocytes and vesicles from osteoarthritic tissue produced significantly less cMGP compared to those from normal cartilage. This correlated with significantly less vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase enzyme activity in OA chondrocytes. Fetuin was found to be present in articular cartilage and cultured chondrocytes were capable of fetuin uptake. A fetuin-MGP complex was identified in normal chondrocytes and in vesicles shed from these cells but not in OA cells or vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The absence of cMGP and of the cMGP-fetuin complex in OA cells and OA vesicles may be an important mechanism for increased mineralization of osteoarthritic cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Wallin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang R, Zhang X, Wei W, Hong M, Yang Y, Hu Y. Relationship between acquired deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2010; 30:312-7. [PMID: 20556573 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the changes of activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (VKDCF) under various pathological conditions and explored the relationship between acquired deficiency of VKDCFs and hemorrhage. Clinical data of 35 patients who were diagnosed as having acquired deficiency of VKDCF were retrospectively analyzed. Coagulation factors involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were detected in these patients and 41 control subjects. The results showed that the average activities of VKDCFs were decreased in the patients in comparison to the control subjects and significantly increased after treatment of these patients with vitamin K and blood products. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that decreased activity of VKDCF was not an independent risk factor for bleeding disorders owing to deficiency or metabolic disturbance of vitamin K. It was concluded that acquired deficiency of VKDCF occurs under a variety of pathologic conditions and is closely associated with hemorrhagic events. Administration of vitamin K and transfusion of blood products containing high concentrations of VKDCFs helps alleviate the hemorrhagic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bao D, Ramu S, Contreras A, Upadhyayula S, Vasquez JM, Beran G, Vullev VI. Electrochemical Reduction of Quinones: Interfacing Experiment and Theory for Defining Effective Radii of Redox Moieties. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14467-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101730e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Antonio Contreras
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Jacob M. Vasquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Gregory Beran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Porter WR. Warfarin: history, tautomerism and activity. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:553-73. [PMID: 20352297 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The anticoagulant drug warfarin, normally administered as the racemate, can exist in solution in potentially as many as 40 topologically distinct tautomeric forms. Only 11 of these forms for each enantiomer can be distinguished by selected computational software commonly used to estimate octanol-water partition coefficients and/or ionization constants. The history of studies on warfarin tautomerism is reviewed, along with the implications of tautomerism to its biological properties (activity, protein binding and metabolism) and chemical properties (log P, log D, pK (a)). Experimental approaches to assessing warfarin tautomerism and computational results for different tautomeric forms are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Porter
- Global Pharmaceutics and Life Cycle Technology, Dept. R43D, Bldg. AP31, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stromich JJ, Weber AK, Mirzaei YR, Caldwell MD, Lewis DE. New adjuvants to enhance anticoagulant activity of warfarin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1928-32. [PMID: 20167480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New adjuvants of warfarin anticoagulant activity have been developed. These compounds, which are 1,4-methano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene-9,10-diol derivatives, act synergistically with warfarin to potentiate its anticoagulant effect. None of the compounds tested is an effective oral anticoagulant in the absence of warfarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Stromich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biron-Andréani C, Raulet E, Pichard-Garcia L, Maurel P. Use of human hepatocytes to investigate blood coagulation factor. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 640:431-45. [PMID: 20645066 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-688-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is the complex process by which activation of plasmatic haemostasis proteins ends up with the generation of fibrin. Most of the plasma coagulation proteins are synthesized in hepatocytes. The aim of this chapter is to describe experimental procedures allowing to measure the secretion by primary human hepatocytes and functional activity (including production of fibrillar material from extracellular medium) of haemostasis proteins including factors II, V, VII, VIII, PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitK 1 absence or antagonist II), antithrombin and protein S. In addition, we show how treatments of hepatocyte cultures with vitamin K and/or warfarin affect the secretion of haemostasis proteins. The results demonstrate that primary cultures of human hepatocytes constitute an invaluable model for investigating haemostasis protein expression and activity and therapeutic strategies targeting these proteins.
Collapse
|
28
|
|