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Caroline K, Emmanuelle J, Christophe Z, Ramy A, Marie L. Covert poisoning with difenacoum: diagnosis and follow-up difficulties. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:e213-e215. [PMID: 35621008 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kitel Caroline
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut d'Hématologie-Transfusion, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France
| | | | - Zawadzki Christophe
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut d'Hématologie-Transfusion, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Azzouz Ramy
- CHU de Lille, Centre antipoison et de Toxicovigilance de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Lenski Marie
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483 - IMPECS - Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille, France
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Guo L, Wang S, He Z, Zhang J, Zhu X, Ke Y, Jiang H, Wang Z. An Innovative Nanobody-Based High-Biocompatibility Gold Interdigitated Microelectrode Electrochemical Bioimpedance Sensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Difenacoum in Human Serum. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3930. [PMID: 34300848 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Difenacoum (DIF) is one of the most widely used anticoagulant rodenticides. However, accidental or intentional ingestion of DIF seriously threatens humans and other non-target species. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive detection method to quantify DIF is urgently needed. In this study, one anti-DIF nanobody (Nb) was assembled on the surface of a gold interdigitated microelectrode (IDME) using an Au–S bond to fabricate a bioimpedance sensor. To improve the immobilization amount of Nbs on the electrode, a polycrystalline gold IDME was prepared to provide a larger surface and better biocompatibility. Thus, a novel and ultrasensitive bioimpedance sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was designed for the determination of DIF, and it displayed good reproducibility and stability in human serum. The proposed bioimpedance sensor displayed a wide working range, between 0.1–1000 pg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg/mL of DIF. This method exhibited excellent performance, good sensitivity, and reproducibility and achieved the highest sensitivity of all currently existing methods used to quantify DIF. The highly sensitive DIF detection of this proposed bioimpedance sensor indicates its potential as an efficacious approach for DIF monitoring in human serum with high accuracy and precision.
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Feinstein DL, Nosal DG, Ramanathan S, Zhou J, Chen L, Hershow RC, van Breemen RB, Wright E, Hafner JW, Rubinstein I. Effects of vitamin K1 treatment on plasma concentrations of long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide enantiomers following inhalation of contaminated synthetic cannabinoids. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 58:716-724. [PMID: 31736367 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1687903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: An outbreak of synthetic cannabinoid (SC)-associated coagulopathy and bleeding in Illinois, USA was determined to be due to inhalation of SC contaminated with brodifacoum (BDF), difenacoum (DiF), and bromadiolone (BDL), highly potent long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides (LAARs). Treatment with high-dose vitamin K1 (VK1) prevented mortality; however, plasma LAAR levels were not measured risking recurrence of coagulopathy and bleeding due to premature discontinuation. The goal of this study was to determine if plasma LAAR levels were reduced following standard of care treatment to normalize coagulopathy.Methods: Blood samples were collected from a cohort of 32 patients, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis used to quantify plasma LAAR levels including enantiomers.Results: BDF was detected in 31 samples; 30 also contained DiF and 18 contained BDL. Initial plasma levels were 581 ± 87, 11.0 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 5.9 ng/mL for BDF, DiF, and BDL, respectively (mean ± SE). At discharge plasma, BDF levels remained elevated at 453 ± 68 ng/mL. Plasma half-lives for BDF, DiF, and BDL were 7.5 ± 1.3, 7.2 ± 1.9, and 1.8 ± 0.3 days, respectively. The half-life for trans-BDF enantiomers (5.7 ± 0.8 days) was shorter than for cis-enantiomers (7.6 ± 1.9 days). BDF half-lives were shorter, and coagulopathy normalized faster in patients receiving intravenous VK1 as compared to oral VK1. Patients prescribed VK1 at discharge had fewer re-admittances.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that plasma LAAR levels at discharge were elevated in poisoned patients despite normal coagulation, and that the route of VK1 administration affected LAAR pharmacokinetics and INR normalization. We propose plasma LAAR levels and coagulation be monitored concomitantly during follow-up of patients with LAAR poisoning. KEY POINTSIn patients treated with high-dose vitamin K1 for LAAR poisoning, plasma levels remained 40-fold above safe levels upon discharge from hospital.LAAR half-lives, normalization of coagulopathy, and readmittances were reduced by treatment with intravenous vitamin K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Feinstein
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel G Nosal
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Swetha Ramanathan
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jifang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luying Chen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ronald C Hershow
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Erik Wright
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - John W Hafner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Boitet M, Hammed A, Chatron N, Debaux JV, Benoit E, Lattard V. Elevated difenacoum metabolism is involved in the difenacoum-resistant phenotype observed in Berkshire rats homozygous for the L120Q mutation in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1328-1334. [PMID: 29155484 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soon after difenacoum began to be used, resistance to this rodenticide was detected in rats in northeast Hampshire and northwest Berkshire in England. Resistance to difenacoum has been reported to be stronger in rats from Berkshire than in rats from Hampshire. Surprisingly, after the discovery of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene, rats from Berkshire and Hampshire were all shown to be homozygous for the L120Q mutation in Vkorc1. RESULTS This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Berkshire rats to confirm their extreme resistance and determine mechanisms supporting this resistance. For this purpose, we created a quasicongenic rat F7 strain by using a Berkshire rat as a donor to introduce the L120Q mutation in Vkorc1 into the genetic background of an anticoagulant-susceptible recipient strain. The use of F7 rats enabled demonstration of (i) the level of resistance to difenacoum conferred by the L120Q mutation, (ii) co-dominance of the L120 and Q120 alleles, (iii) the extreme resistance of Berkshire rats compared with Q120/Q120 rats as a consequence of additional resistance mechanisms, and (iv) the involvement of cytochrome P 450 (CYP450) enzymes in this extreme resistance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that elevated CYP450 oxidative metabolism leading to accelerated difenacoum detoxification is involved in the Berkshire phenotype. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Boitet
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Abdessalem Hammed
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Nolan Chatron
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jean Valéry Debaux
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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