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Mendoza C, Hanegan C, Sperry A, Vargas L, Case T, Bikman B, Mizrachi D. Insulin receptor-inspired soluble insulin binder. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151293. [PMID: 36739671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a 320 kDa membrane receptor tyrosine kinase mediating the pleiotropic actions of insulin, leading to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates including serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), and IR autophosphorylation. Structural details of the IR have been recently revealed. A high-binding insulin site, L1 (Kd =2 nM), consists of two distant domains in the primary sequence of the IR. Our design simplified the L1 binding site and transformed it into a soluble insulin binder (sIB). The sIB, a 17 kDa protein, binds insulin with 38 nM affinity. The sIB competes with IR for insulin and reduces by more than 50% phosphorylation of AKT1 in HEK 293 T cells, with similar effects on IR autophosphorylation. The sIB represents a new tool for research of insulin binding and signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mendoza
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Cameron Hanegan
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Alek Sperry
- Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Logan Vargas
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Trevor Case
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin Bikman
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Dario Mizrachi
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
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2
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Lipton JH, Brümmendorf TH, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Garcia-Gutiérrez V, Deininger MW, Cortes JE. Long-term safety review of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia - What to look for when treatment-free remission is not an option. Blood Rev 2022; 56:100968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Wang C, Cheng B. MicroRNA miR-3646 promotes malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cells by suppressing sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 via the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4869-4884. [PMID: 35196185 PMCID: PMC8973682 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly malignant tumor. In this study, we examined the role of miR-3646 and its underlying mechanism in the progression of LUAD. The expression of miR-3646 and sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SORBS1) in LUAD tissues and cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. LUAD cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis was determined. The targeting relationship between SORBS1 and miR-3646 was verified by dual luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. In vivo assays were performed to verify the in vitro results. The expression of miR-3646 was found to be upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells. MiR-3646 overexpression stimulated the proliferation and adhesion of LUAD cells but inhibite
d apoptosis, whereas a miR-3646 inhibitor produced the opposite results. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of miR-3646 inhibitor was verified in vivo. SORBS1, a target gene identified downstream of miR-3646, was downregulated in LUAD tissues and cells. Additionally, increased SORBS1 inhibited the malignant phenotypes of LUAD cells, which was restored by miR-3646 upregulation. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that SORBS1 ectopic expression disrupted the JNK signaling pathway, and this effect was restored by miR-3646 overexpression. Thus, this study revealed that miR-3646 promotes LUAD cell proliferation and adhesion, and reduces apoptosis by directly downregulating SORBS1 via the JNK signaling pathway. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of LUAD carcinogenesis revealed that miR-3646 may serve as a biomarker for LUAD treatment.in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Out-patient Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan Sixth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Comprehensive Second Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan Sixth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Santoro M, Mancuso S, Accurso V, Di Lisi D, Novo G, Siragusa S. Cardiovascular Issues in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatments for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:675811. [PMID: 34290617 PMCID: PMC8287514 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.675811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by a fusion gene, encoding for the chimeric protein BCR-ABL, with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has drastically improved survival, but there are significant concerns about cardiovascular toxicity. Cardiovascular risk can be lowered with appropriate baseline evaluation, accurate choice of TKI therapy, improvement of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors through lifestyle modifications, and prescription of drugs for primary or secondary prevention. Which examinations are necessary, and when do they have to be scheduled? How often should a TKI-treated patient undergo which cardiology test or exam? Is there an accurate way to estimate the risk that each TKI may determine a cardiovascular adverse event in a CML patient? In a few words, how can we optimize the cardiovascular risk management in CML patients before and during TKI treatment? The aim of this review is to describe cardiac and vascular toxicity of TKIs used for CML treatment according to the most recent literature and to identify unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular risk management and complications in these patients. Regarding the TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity, the full mechanism is still unclear, but it is accepted that different factors may play different roles: endothelial damage and atherosclerosis, metabolic impairment, hypertensive effect, glomerular impairment, and mast-cell disruption. Preventive strategies are aimed at minimizing cardiovascular risk when CML is diagnosed. Cardio-oncology units in specialized hematology centers may afford a personalized and multidisciplinary approach to the patient, optimizing the balance between treatment of the neoplasm and management of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santoro
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatrice Mancuso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Hematology Unit, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Accurso
- Hematology Unit, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Lisi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Suppression of TGF-β1 signaling by Matrigel via FAK signaling in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7319. [PMID: 33795740 PMCID: PMC8016910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) is composed of TM cells and beams of the extracellular matrix, together contributing to aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance. Herein, we validated that our culture system on 2D Matrigel expressed putative TM markers and myocilin, of which the latter was upregulated by dexamethasone. Continuous passage of these cells on 2D Matrigel resulted in a gradual loss of expression of these markers. However, such a loss was restored by seeding cells in 3D Matrigel where expression of TM markers was further upregulated upon continuous passage. In contrast, TM cells seeded on fibronectin, collagen I/IV, or laminin lost expression of these markers and turned into myofibroblasts with expression of αSMA, which were dose-dependently upregulated by TGF-β1/TGF-β2. TM cells in 3D Matrigel also expressed TGF-β1/TGF-β3 despite challenge of TGF-β1. The maintenance of TM phenotype by 3D Matrigel was linked to inhibition of canonical TGF-β signaling and activation of pFAK-pSrc-pP190RhoGAP-P120RasGAP signaling. These findings indicate that basement membrane matrix with low rigidity plays an active role in maintaining TM phenotype in the presence of TGF-β1 and shed light on its physiological role. Furthermore, abnormal matrices may perpetuate the pathological TM phenotype when the level of TGF-β2 is elevated in glaucoma patients.
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Song L, Chang R, Dai C, Wu Y, Guo J, Qi M, Zhou W, Zhan L. SORBS1 suppresses tumor metastasis and improves the sensitivity of cancer to chemotherapy drug. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9108-9122. [PMID: 27791200 PMCID: PMC5354718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis and invasion are both hallmarks of cancer malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death. Here we show that the adaptor protein SORBS1 (Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1, also known as CAP/ponsin) is expressed at low levels in clinical cancer samples. In addition, low-level expression of SORBS1 was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and the increased tumor cell invasive capacity in breast cancer patients. We demonstrate that depletion of SORBS1 increases protrusions and filopodium-like protrusions (FLPs) formation, as well as the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells, via activation of JNK/cJun. Furthermore, silencing of SORBS1 promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and attenuates chemical drug sensitivity especially that to cisplatin, by inhibition of p53 in breast cancer cells. Thus, we illustrate that SORBS1 is a potential inhibitor of metastasis in cancer and may be a promising target in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Renxu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meiyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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7
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Selected microRNA-192 mutant indicates association with several function genes in bovine cells. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:361-371. [PMID: 29892841 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are implicated in many cellular processes such as cell differentiation and development, tumorigenesis, and immune regulation. In this study, miR192 was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) when MDBK cells were exposed to Escherichia coli. Cells with malfunction of bta-miR-192 were established using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology. Finally, bta-miR-192 mutant cells were screened for differentially expressed genes using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that miR192 significantly decreased in cells exposed to E. coli F18ac and E. coli K88ac. The RNA-seq results showed that 1673 differentially expressed transcripts were identified; 890 genes were upregulated and 775 genes were downregulated. With the gene ontology enrichment analysis, 431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into 937 gene ontology terms. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that 535 genes were involved in 254 pathway terms. Interestingly, most of these DEGs were associated with the pathways in cancers or infectious diseases. When the selected DEGs (n = 162) in these pathways were intersected with 120 differential transcripts, 11 DEGs were identified. Subsequently, several genes associated with regulation, cancers, or viral infections, such as LEF1, AXIN2, MX1, and FCGR2B, were identified among the DEGs using functional analysis. Furthermore, associations between bta-miR-192 and DEGs were detected by intersecting the bta-miR-192's target genes with the DEGs, indicating that three genes including CBL, DICER1 and TRERF1 were involved in this relationship. These findings provided useful guidance for investigating the role played by bta-miR-192 in cellular functionality in bovine cells.
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8
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Monzo HJ, Coppieters N, Park TIH, Dieriks BV, Faull RLM, Dragunow M, Curtis MA. Insulin promotes cell migration by regulating PSA-NCAM. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:26-39. [PMID: 28341445 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions with the extracellular environment are modulated by cell surface polysialic acid (PSA) carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PSA-NCAM is involved in cellular processes such as differentiation, plasticity, and migration, and is elevated in Alzheimer's disease as well as in metastatic tumour cells. Our previous work demonstrated that insulin enhances the abundance of cell surface PSA by inhibiting PSA-NCAM endocytosis. In the present study we have identified a mechanism for insulin-dependent inhibition of PSA-NCAM turnover affecting cell migration. Insulin enhanced the phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase leading to dissociation of αv-integrin/PSA-NCAM clusters, and promoted cell migration. Our results show that αv-integrin plays a key role in the PSA-NCAM turnover process. αv-integrin knockdown stopped PSA-NCAM from being endocytosed, and αv-integrin/PSA-NCAM clusters co-labelled intracellularly with Rab5, altogether indicating a role for αv-integrin as a carrier for PSA-NCAM during internalisation. Furthermore, inhibition of p-FAK caused dissociation of αv-integrin/PSA-NCAM clusters and counteracted the insulin-induced accumulation of PSA at the cell surface and cell migration was impaired. Our data reveal a functional association between the insulin/p-FAK-dependent regulation of PSA-NCAM turnover and cell migration through the extracellular matrix. Most importantly, they identify a novel mechanism for insulin-stimulated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Monzo
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I H Park
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Birger V Dieriks
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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9
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Mejía-Rangel J, Córdova E, Orozco L, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Mitre-Aguilar I, Escalona-Guzmán A, Vadillo F, Vázquez-Prado J, Gariglio P, Zentella-Dehesa A. Pro-adhesive phenotype of normal endothelial cells responding to metastatic breast cancer cell conditioned medium is linked to NFκB-mediated transcriptomic regulation. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2173-2185. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Bedinger DH, Adams SH. Metabolic, anabolic, and mitogenic insulin responses: A tissue-specific perspective for insulin receptor activators. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:143-56. [PMID: 26277398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin acts as the major regulator of the fasting-to-fed metabolic transition by altering substrate metabolism, promoting energy storage, and helping activate protein synthesis. In addition to its glucoregulatory and other metabolic properties, insulin can also act as a growth factor. The metabolic and mitogenic responses to insulin are regulated by divergent post-receptor signaling mechanisms downstream from the activated insulin receptor (IR). However, the anabolic and growth-promoting properties of insulin require tissue-specific inter-relationships between the two pathways, and the nature and scope of insulin-regulated processes vary greatly across tissues. Understanding the nuances of this interplay between metabolic and growth-regulating properties of insulin would have important implications for development of novel insulin and IR modulator therapies that stimulate insulin receptor activation in both pathway- and tissue-specific manners. This review will provide a unique perspective focusing on the roles of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" actions of insulin signaling in various tissues, and how these networks should be considered when evaluating selective pharmacologic approaches to prevent or treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
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11
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Sorbs1 and -2 Interact with CrkL and Are Required for Acetylcholine Receptor Cluster Formation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:262-70. [PMID: 26527617 PMCID: PMC4719301 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00775-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crk and CrkL are noncatalytic adaptor proteins necessary for the formation of neuromuscular synapses which function downstream of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in skeletal muscle, and the MuSK binding protein Dok-7. How Crk/CrkL regulate neuromuscular endplate formation is not known. To better understand the roles of Crk/CrkL, we identified CrkL binding proteins using mass spectrometry and have identified Sorbs1 and Sorbs2 as two functionally redundant proteins that associate with the initiating MuSK/Dok-7/Crk/CrkL complex, regulate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering in vitro, and are localized at synapses in vivo.
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12
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Overcoming EMT-associated resistance to anti-cancer drugs via Src/FAK pathway inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7328-41. [PMID: 25193862 PMCID: PMC4202126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in embryonic development and has been associated with cancer metastasis and drug resistance. For example, in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), EMT has been associated with acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Moreover, “EGFR-addicted” cancer cell lines induced to undergo EMT become erlotinib-resistant in vitro. To identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities specifically within these mesenchymal, erlotinib-resistant cells, we performed a small molecule screen of ~200 established anti-cancer agents using the EGFR mutant NSCLC HCC827 cell line and a corresponding mesenchymal derivative line. The mesenchymal cells were more resistant to most tested agents; however, a small number of agents showed selective growth inhibitory activity against the mesenchymal cells, with the most potent being the Abl/Src inhibitor, dasatinib. Analysis of the tyrosine phospho-proteome revealed several Src/FAK pathway kinases that were differentially phosphorylated in the mesenchymal cells, and RNAi depletion of the core Src/FAK pathway components in these mesenchymal cells caused apoptosis. These findings reveal a novel role for Src/FAK pathway kinases in drug resistance and identify dasatinib as a potential therapeutic for treatment of erlotinib resistance associated with EMT.
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13
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M. Vargas L, Leal N, Estrada LD, González A, Serrano F, Araya K, Gysling K, Inestrosa NC, Pasquale EB, Alvarez AR. EphA4 activation of c-Abl mediates synaptic loss and LTP blockade caused by amyloid-β oligomers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92309. [PMID: 24658113 PMCID: PMC3962387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are characterised by impaired synaptic plasticity and synapse loss. Here, we show that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) activate the c-Abl kinase in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons and that c-Abl kinase activity is required for AβOs-induced synaptic loss. We also show that the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is upstream of c-Abl activation by AβOs. EphA4 tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) is increased in cultured neurons and synaptoneurosomes exposed to AβOs, and in Alzheimer-transgenic mice brain. We do not detect c-Abl activation in EphA4-knockout neurons exposed to AβOs. More interestingly, we demonstrate EphA4/c-Abl activation is a key-signalling event that mediates the synaptic damage induced by AβOs. According to this results, the EphA4 antagonistic peptide KYL and c-Abl inhibitor STI prevented i) dendritic spine reduction, ii) the blocking of LTP induction and iii) neuronal apoptosis caused by AβOs. Moreover, EphA4-/- neurons or sh-EphA4-transfected neurons showed reduced synaptotoxicity by AβOs. Our results are consistent with EphA4 being a novel receptor that mediates synaptic damage induced by AβOs. EphA4/c-Abl signalling could be a relevant pathway involved in the early cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Señalización Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Leal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Señalización Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisbell D. Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Señalización Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian González
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Señalización Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Serrano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Araya
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Millenium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Millenium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandra R. Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Señalización Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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The Akt substrate Girdin is a regulator of insulin signaling in myoblast cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2803-2811. [PMID: 23886629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Akt kinases are important mediators of the insulin signal, and some Akt substrates are directly involved in glucose homeostasis. Recently, Girdin has been described as an Akt substrate that is expressed ubiquitously in mammals. Cells overexpressing Girdin show an enhanced Akt activity. However, not much is known about Girdin's role in insulin signaling. We therefore analyzed the role of Girdin in primary human myotubes and found a correlation between Girdin expression and insulin sensitivity of the muscle biopsy donors, as measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. To understand this finding on a cellular level, we then investigated the function of Girdin in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Girdin knock-down reduced Akt and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation. In contrast, stable overexpression of Girdin in C2C12 cells strikingly increased insulin sensitivity through a massive upregulation of the insulin receptor and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. Furthermore, Akt and c-Abl kinases were constitutively activated. To investigate medium-term insulin responses we measured glucose incorporation into glycogen. The Girdin overexpressing cells showed a high basal glycogen synthesis that peaked already at 1nM insulin. Taken together, we characterized Girdin as a new and major regulator of the insulin signal in myoblasts and skeletal muscle.
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Mokhtari D, Al-Amin A, Turpaev K, Li T, Idevall-Hagren O, Li J, Wuttke A, Fred RG, Ravassard P, Scharfmann R, Tengholm A, Welsh N. Imatinib mesilate-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling and improved survival in insulin-producing cells: role of Src homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase interaction with c-Abl. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1327-38. [PMID: 23462796 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS It is not clear how small tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesilate, protect against diabetes and beta cell death. The aim of this study was to determine whether imatinib, as compared with the non-cAbl-inhibitor sunitinib, affects pro-survival signalling events in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. METHODS Human EndoC-βH1 cells, murine beta TC-6 cells and human pancreatic islets were used for immunoblot analysis of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] plasma membrane concentrations were assessed in EndoC-βH1 and MIN6 cells using evanescent wave microscopy. Src homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) serine phosphorylation, as well as c-Abl co-localisation with SHIP2, were studied in HEK293 and EndoC-βH1 cells by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. Gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR. Cell viability was measured using vital staining. RESULTS Imatinib stimulated ERK(thr202/tyr204) phosphorylation in a c-Abl-dependent manner. Imatinib, but not sunitinib, also stimulated IRS-1(tyr612), Akt(ser473) and Akt(thr308) phosphorylation. This effect was paralleled by oscillatory bursts in plasma membrane PI(3,4,5)P3 levels. Wortmannin induced a decrease in PI(3,4,5)P3 levels, which was slower in imatinib-treated cells than in control cells, indicating an effect on PI(3,4,5)P3-degrading enzymes. In line with this, imatinib decreased the phosphorylation of SHIP2 but not of PTEN. c-Abl co-immunoprecipitated with SHIP2 and its binding to SHIP2 was largely reduced by imatinib but not by sunitinib. Imatinib increased total β-catenin levels and cell viability, whereas sunitinib exerted negative effects on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Imatinib inhibition of c-Abl in beta cells decreases SHIP2 activity, which results in enhanced signalling downstream of PI3 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mokhtari
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedicum, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Racil Z, Razga F, Drapalova J, Buresova L, Zackova D, Palackova M, Semerad L, Malaskova L, Haluzik M, Mayer J. Mechanism of impaired glucose metabolism during nilotinib therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Haematologica 2013; 98:e124-6. [PMID: 23716549 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.086355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Siddle K. Molecular basis of signaling specificity of insulin and IGF receptors: neglected corners and recent advances. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:34. [PMID: 22649417 PMCID: PMC3355962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors utilize common phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways to mediate a broad spectrum of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Specificity of insulin and IGF action in vivo must in part reflect expression of receptors and responsive pathways in different tissues but it is widely assumed that it is also determined by the ligand binding and signaling mechanisms of the receptors. This review focuses on receptor-proximal events in insulin/IGF signaling and examines their contribution to specificity of downstream responses. Insulin and IGF receptors may differ subtly in the efficiency with which they recruit their major substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2 and Shc) and this could influence effectiveness of signaling to "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Other substrates (Grb2-associated binder, downstream of kinases, SH2Bs, Crk), scaffolds (RACK1, β-arrestins, cytohesins), and pathways (non-receptor tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide kinases, reactive oxygen species) have been less widely studied. Some of these components appear to be specifically involved in "metabolic" or "mitogenic" signaling but it has not been shown that this reflects receptor-preferential interaction. Very few receptor-specific interactions have been characterized, and their roles in signaling are unclear. Signaling specificity might also be imparted by differences in intracellular trafficking or feedback regulation of receptors, but few studies have directly addressed this possibility. Although published data are not wholly conclusive, no evidence has yet emerged for signaling mechanisms that are specifically engaged by insulin receptors but not IGF receptors or vice versa, and there is only limited evidence for differential activation of signaling mechanisms that are common to both receptors. Cellular context, rather than intrinsic receptor activity, therefore appears to be the major determinant of whether responses to insulin and IGFs are perceived as "metabolic" or "mitogenic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Siddle
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, UK.
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Hong M, Wilkes MC, Penheiter SG, Gupta SK, Edens M, Leof EB. Non-Smad transforming growth factor-β signaling regulated by focal adhesion kinase binding the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17841-50. [PMID: 21454615 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β modulates numerous diverse cellular phenotypes including growth arrest in epithelial cells and proliferation in fibroblasts. Although the Smad pathway is fundamental for the majority of these responses, recent evidence indicates that non-Smad pathways may also have a critical role. Here we report a novel mechanism whereby the nonreceptor tyrosine focal adhesion kinase (FAK) functions as an adaptor necessary for cell type-specific responses to TGF-β. We show that in contrast to Smad actions, non-Smad pathways, including c-Abl, PAK2, and Akt, display an obligate requirement for FAK. Interestingly, this occurs in Src null SYF cells and is independent of FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, kinase activity, and/or proline-rich sequences in the C-terminal FAT domain. FAK binds the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p85 regulatory subunit following TGF-β treatment in a subset of fibroblasts but not epithelial cells and has an obligate role in TGF-β-stimulated anchorage-independent growth and migration. Together, these results uncover a new scaffolding role for FAK as the most upstream component regulating the profibrogenic action of TGF-β and suggest that inhibiting this interaction may be useful in treating a number of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hong
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology and Medicine, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Increased level of exogenous zinc induces cytotoxicity and up-regulates the expression of the ZnT-1 zinc transporter gene in pancreatic cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:79-88. [PMID: 20392624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A balance between zinc uptake by ZIP (SLC39) and efflux of zinc from the cytoplasm into subcellular organelles and out of the cell by ZnT (SLC30) transporters is crucial for zinc homeostasis. It is not clear whether normal and cancerous pancreatic cells respond differently to increased extracellular zinc concentrations. Use of flow cytometry-based methods revealed that treatment with as little as 0.01 mM zinc induced significant cytotoxicity in two human ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. In contrast, normal human pancreatic islet cells tolerated as high as 0.5 mM zinc. Insulinoma cell lines of mouse and rat origin also succumbed to high concentrations of zinc. Exposure to elevated zinc concentrations enhanced the numbers of carcinoma but not primary islet cells staining with the cell-permeable zinc-specific fluorescent dye, FluoZin-3, indicating increased zinc influx in transformed cells. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization, superoxide generation, decreased antioxidant thiols, intracellular acidosis and activation of intracellular caspases characterized zinc-induced carcinoma cell death. Only the antioxidant glutathione but not inhibitors of enzymes implicated in apoptosis or necrosis prevented zinc-induced cytotoxicity in insulinoma cells. Immunoblotting revealed that zinc treatment increased the ubiquitination of proteins in cancer cells. Importantly, zinc treatment up-regulated the expression of ZnT-1 gene in a rat insulinoma cell line and in two human ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. These results indicate that the exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to elevated extracellular zinc concentrations can lead to cytotoxic cell death characterized by increased protein ubiquitination and up-regulation of the zinc transporter ZnT-1 gene expression.
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7 Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:378-87. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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