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Cox KM, Commins SP, Capaldo BJ, Workman LJ, Platts-Mills TAE, Amir EAD, Lannigan JA, Schuyler AJ, Erickson LD. An integrated framework using high-dimensional mass cytometry and fluorescent flow cytometry identifies discrete B cell subsets in patients with red meat allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:615-625. [PMID: 30506749 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play a critical role in the development and maintenance of food allergy by producing allergen-specific IgE. Despite the importance of B cells in IgE-mediated food allergy, the identity of sIgE-producing human B cells and how IgE is regulated are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To identify the immunophenotypes of circulating B cells associated with the production of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose-specific IgE production in patients with red meat allergy. METHODS B cells in PBMC samples obtained from 19 adults with physician-diagnosed red meat allergy and 20 non-meat allergic healthy controls were assessed by mass cytometry along with a bioinformatics analysis pipeline to identify discrete B cell phenotypes that associated with serum sIgE. Fluorescent flow cytometry was then applied to sort purify discrete B cell subsets, and B cells were functionally evaluated on an individual cell level for the production of sIgE by ELISPOT. RESULTS Discrete B cell phenotypes abundant in meat allergic subjects compared to non-meat allergic controls were found in peripheral blood that do not share typical characteristics of classical isotype-switched memory B cells that express high levels of CD27. These B cell subsets shared higher IgD and lower IgM expression levels coupled with CXCR4, CCR6 and CD25 expression. In vitro polyclonal stimulation of purified B cell subsets from meat allergic subjects demonstrated that these subsets were enriched for cells induced to secrete sIgE. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Circulating B cells display increased abundance of discrete B cell subsets in meat allergic subjects. This observation, coupled with the capacity of individual B cell subsets to produce sIgE following activation, implicates these novel B cell phenotypes in promoting IgE in meat allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Scott P Commins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lisa J Workman
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Josephine A Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alexander J Schuyler
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Loren D Erickson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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2
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Wong KJ, Timbrell V, Xi Y, Upham JW, Collins AM, Davies JM. IgE+ B cells are scarce, but allergen-specific B cells with a memory phenotype circulate in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2015; 70:420-8. [PMID: 25556717 DOI: 10.1111/all.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the critical role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in allergy, circulating IgE+ B cells are scarce. Here, we describe in patients with allergic rhinitis B cells with a memory phenotype responding to a prototypic aeroallergen. METHODS Fifteen allergic rhinitis patients with grass pollen allergy and 13 control subjects were examined. Blood mononuclear cells stained with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) were cultured with Bahia grass pollen. Proliferation and phenotype were assessed by multicolour flow cytometry. RESULTS In blood of allergic rhinitis patients with high serum IgE to grass pollen, most IgE(hi) cells were CD123+ HLA-DR(-) basophils, with IgE for the major pollen allergen (Pas n 1). Both B and T cells from pollen-allergic donors showed higher proliferation to grass pollen than nonallergic donors (P = 0.002, and 0.010, respectively), whereas responses to vaccine antigens and mitogen did not differ between groups. Allergen-driven B cells that divided rapidly (CD19(mid) CD3(-) CFSE(lo) ) showed higher CD27 (P = 0.008) and lower CD19 (P = 0.004) and CD20 (P = 0.004) expression than B cells that were slow to respond to allergen (CD19(hi) CD3(-) CFSE(mid) ). Moreover, rapidly dividing allergen-driven B cells (CD19(mid) CFSE(lo) CD27(hi) ) showed higher expression of the plasmablast marker CD38 compared with B cells (CD19(hi) CFSE(mid) CD27(lo) ) that were slow to divide. CONCLUSION Patients with pollen allergy but not control donors have a population of circulating allergen-specific B cells with the phenotype and functional properties of adaptive memory B-cell responses. These cells could provide precursors for allergen-specific IgE production upon allergen re-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Wong
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - V. Timbrell
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - Y. Xi
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - J. W. Upham
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - A. M. Collins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
| | - J. M. Davies
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
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3
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Henriques A, Nunes R, Loureiro G, Martinho A, Pais M, Segorbe-Luís A, Trindade H, Pereira C, Paiva A. Alterations on peripheral blood B cell subsets induced by allergic rhinitis. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:145-9. [PMID: 25700688 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN Here we evaluated whether allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus induces alterations on circulating B cell subsets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Circulating B cell subsets and isotype expression on antigen-experienced B cells from allergic patients under conventional pharmacological treatment (NO-SIT, n = 15) and under subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT, n = 33), and non-allergic subjects (NC, n = 25) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In allergic patients, we found a significant decrease in IgM(+) and IgG(+) memory B cells and an increase in IgA(+) memory B cells. Additionally, the numbers of circulating IgA(+) plasmablasts in allergic patients were also increased, while those cells expressing IgM were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Allergic patients have a disturbed B cell subsets distribution which seems to underlie rhinitis pathogenesis and remain unchanged after SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Berkowska MA, Heeringa JJ, Hajdarbegovic E, van der Burg M, Thio HB, van Hagen PM, Boon L, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, van Zelm MC. Human IgE+ B cells are derived from T cell–dependent and T cell–independent pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:688-697.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Wu LC, Zarrin AA. The production and regulation of IgE by the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:247-59. [PMID: 24625841 DOI: 10.1038/nri3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IgE not only provides protective immunity against helminth parasites but can also mediate the type I hypersensitivity reactions that contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Despite the importance of IgE in immune biology and allergic pathogenesis, the cells and the pathways that produce and regulate IgE are poorly understood. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the production and the regulation of IgE in vivo, as revealed by studies in mice, and we discuss how these findings compare to what is known about human IgE biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren C Wu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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6
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Dullaers M, De Bruyne R, Ramadani F, Gould HJ, Gevaert P, Lambrecht BN. The who, where, and when of IgE in allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:635-45. [PMID: 22168998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis are characterized by a T(H)2-dominated immune response associated with increased serum IgE levels in response to inhaled allergens. Because IgE is a key player in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation, it represents a prime target for therapeutic intervention. However, our understanding of IgE biology remains fragmentary. This article puts together our current knowledge on IgE in allergic airway diseases with a special focus on the identity of IgE-secreting cells ("who"), their location ("where"), and the circumstances in which they are induced ("when"). We further consider the therapeutic implications of the insights gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dullaers
- Laboratorium of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Edwards MR, Brouwer W, Choi CHY, Ruhno J, Ward RL, Collins AM. Analysis of IgE antibodies from a patient with atopic dermatitis: biased V gene usage and evidence for polyreactive IgE heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:6305-13. [PMID: 12055246 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To better understand V gene usage, specificity, and clonal origins of IgE Abs in allergic reactions, we have constructed a combinatorial Ab library from the mRNA of an adult patient with atopic dermatitis. Sequence analysis of random clones revealed that 33% of clones used the IGHV6-1 H chain V gene segment, the only member of the V(H)6 gene family. IGHV6-1 is rarely used in the expressed adult repertoire; however, it is associated with fetal derived Abs. Features of the V(H)6 rearrangements included short complementarity-determining region 3, frequent use of IGHD7-27 D gene, and little nucleotide addition at the D-J junction. There was also a low level of mutation compared with V(H)1, V(H)3, and V(H)4 rearrangements. The library was expressed as phage-Fab fusions, and specific phage selected by panning on the egg allergen ovomucoid. Upon expression as soluble IgE Fabs, 12 clones demonstrated binding to ovomucoid, skim milk, and BSA by ELISA. Nucleotide sequencing demonstrated that the IGHV6-1 V gene segment encoded each of the 12 multiply reactive IgE Fabs. A cyclic peptide was designed from the complementarity-determining region 3 of several of these clones. The cyclic peptide bound both self and nonself Ags, including ovomucoid, human IgG, tetanus toxoid, and human and bovine von Willebrand factor. These results suggest that some IgE Abs may bind more than one Ag, which would have important implications for understanding the multiple sensitivities seen in conditions such as atopic dermatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibody Diversity/genetics
- Antibody Specificity/genetics
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Binding, Competitive/genetics
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Complementarity Determining Regions/analysis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Female
- Gene Library
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/analysis
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleotides/metabolism
- Ovomucin/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Edwards
- School of Microbiology and Immunology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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8
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Molecular Biological Study of Anti-cancer Effects of Bee Venom Aqua-acupuncture. J Pharmacopuncture 2000. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2000.3.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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9
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A Study on the Effects of Bee Venom Aqua-Acupuncture on Writhing Reflex. J Pharmacopuncture 2000. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2000.3.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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Irsch J, König C, Löhndorf A, Tesch H, Krieg T, Merk H, Radbruch A, Hunzelmann N. The frequency of phospholipase A2 binding of basophilic granulocytes does not decrease during bee-venom-specific immunotherapy. Allergy 1999; 54:742-7. [PMID: 10442531 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major allergenic component of bee venom is phospholipase A2 (PLA2). METHODS In this study, PLA2 was used to analyze and enrich PLA2-binding cells from peripheral blood by high gradient magnetic cell sorting. RESULTS In normal donors, the frequency of allergen (PLA2)-binding cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as determined by flow cytometry is below 0.1%, whereas in bee-venom-allergic patients, PLA2-binding cells are readily detectable at frequencies of up to 2.3%. In severely bee-venom-allergic patients, many basophilic granulocytes are present, as defined by anti-CD9, CD25, and CD38 mAb, comprising up to 95% of the PLA2-binding cells. From blood of allergic and normal donors, about equal absolute numbers of allergen-binding CD19/21-positive B cells can be enriched. Severe anaphylactic reactions (Mueller grade IV) and failure of or adverse reactions during immunotherapy are associated with high numbers of circulating allergen-binding basophils. Interestingly, in the patients studied, the number of PLA2-binding basophilic granulocytes did not markedly change during rush immunotherapy and up to 6 months of maintenance immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The specific and reproducible enrichment of PLA2-binding cells provides a new tool for the analysis and monitoring of effector cells in bee-venom-allergic patients with immediate-type hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irsch
- Department of Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany
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11
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Wuttke NJ, Macardle PJ, Zola H. Blood group antibodies are made by CD5+ and by CD5- B cells. Immunol Cell Biol 1997; 75:478-83. [PMID: 9429896 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1997.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B1 subset of B lymphocytes is associated with the production of low-affinity, polyspecific antibodies. B1 cells are generally recognized by their expression of CD5, and comprise the majority of neonatal B cells. The neonate responds to a restricted range of antigens, and generally makes low-affinity IgM antibody. Published data suggest that antibodies against the blood group antigens A and B are found occasionally in cord blood, and develop rapidly in infants as a result of cross-reactivity with bacterial carbohydrate antigens. This suggests that CD5+ B1 cells may be specialized to make antibodies against such carbohydrate antigens. In this study we evaluated the appearance of antibodies against the blood group (ABO) antigens in human infants, using reagents which specifically distinguish between IgM (made by the infant) and IgG (mainly of maternal origin) and immunofluorescence to detect low levels of antibody. Having established that antibody is always detectable by 8 months of age, and frequently much earlier, we developed a plaque assay to examine the phenotype of cells making antibody against blood group antigens. At 8 months of age, CD5+ and CD5- cells were both capable of making anti-blood group antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Wuttke
- Child Health Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Lagging E, van Hage-Hamsten M, Härfast B, Halldén G. Distribution of plasma cell markers and intracellular IgE in cell line U266. Immunol Lett 1996; 49:71-7. [PMID: 8964613 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(95)02483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The IgE-producing plasma cell line U266 was used to study intracellular IgE and the distribution of the plasma cell markers CD38 and PCA-1. We found two separate clusters of U266 based on the differences in their light scatter properties in the flow cytometer. One cluster displayed high scatter signals (high SS), whereas the other showed low scatter signals (low SS). Most (75%) of the cells in the low SS cluster were positive for intracellular IgE. In contrast, high SS cells had a higher expression of surface IgE and a considerably lower proportion of these cells expressed intracellular IgE. Different patterns of expression of the plasma cell antigens CD38 and PCA-1 were observed. While the low SS cluster displayed a high (76%) expression of PCA-1 and a low (5%) CD38 expression, the high SS cluster expressed 21 and 42%, respectively. About 2/3 of the cells in the low SS cluster appeared to be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle while 1/3 were in the S/G2 phase. In the high SS cluster the opposite distribution (2/3 in S/G2) was observed. Taken together our results indicate an association between cell cycle stages, expression of intracellular IgE and plasma cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lagging
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Irsch J, Hunzelmann N, Tesch H, Merk H, Maggi E, Ruffilli A, Radbruch A. Isolation and characterization of allergen-binding cells from normal and allergic donors. IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1995; 1:115-25. [PMID: 9373340 DOI: 10.1016/1380-2933(95)00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry of the immune system so far has been limited to the analysis of subpopulations according to lineage markers. The cells involved in a particular immune response could not be assayed due to their low frequency. Here we show the potential of antigen-specific high gradient magnetic cell sorting to enrich cells for visualisation in multiparameter cytometry, functional studies and immortalization. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the development of an efficient technology for staining and isolation of antigen-binding cells from human peripheral blood. In particular, allergen-specific cells from normal and allergic donors should be analysed and compared to develop a cellular diagnosis of allergy. STUDY DESIGN The rare antigen-specific cells were sorted by high-gradient magnetic cell sorting with MACS. Haptenized phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the major allergen of bee venom, or haptenized ParoI, the major allergenic component of Parietaria officinalis, were used as antigens. The cells from normal and allergic donors, binding to the allergen were characterized phenotypically by immuno-fluorescence. Allergen-specific B-cells were immortalized by EBV transformation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Allergen-specific cells can be enriched from blood of both allergic and normal donors to purities of up to 75%, by high gradient magnetic cell sorting. The specificity of labelling with allergen was confirmed by establishing allergen-specific EBV-transformed B-cell lines from the sorted cells. Clear differences exist in the cellular composition of allergen-binding cells from normal compared to allergic donors. In normal donors the allergen-binding cells are B-cells expressing CD19 and CD21. In allergic donors, in addition to allergen-binding B-cells, occurring in about equal absolute numbers as in normal donors, basophilic granulocytes are labeled by allergen. These cells express CD38, CD9 and CD25 on their surface, and stain for IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irsch
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany
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