1
|
Lazar M, Zhang AD, Vashi NA. Topical Treatments in Atopic Dermatitis: An Expansive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2185. [PMID: 38673458 PMCID: PMC11050343 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition found worldwide. It impacts patient quality of life (QoL) and is thought to arise as an inflammatory response to epidermal barrier dysfunction and hypersensitivity. AD can lead to large out-of-pocket costs and increased healthcare expenses over a lifetime. An analysis of all randomized control trials conducted since 1990 on topical therapies for AD were reviewed, including 207 trials in the final analysis. It was found that an average of 226 patients were enrolled over 2.43 arms. Common topical treatments included corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The most utilized tools to identify treatment efficacy were the EASI, IGA, SCORAD, and PGA. There was a paucity of data on trials that evaluated efficacy, QoL, and cost of treatment simultaneously. This review highlights the need for comprehensive trials that evaluate multiple aspects of treatment, including financial cost and QoL impact, to ensure each patient has the best treatment modality for the management of their AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neelam A. Vashi
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany St., J502, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakamura S, Ozono M, Yanagi K, Kogure K. Development of an Effective Psoriasis Treatment by Combining Tacrolimus-Encapsulated Liposomes and Iontophoresis. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:196-203. [PMID: 38246645 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell-mediated autoimmune skin disease. Tacrolimus (FK506) is commonly used treatment for psoriasis. However, since the molecular weight of FK506 is more than 500 Da, its skin penetration is limited, so that there is a need to improve the penetrability of FK506 to allow for more effective treatment. To this end, we employed iontophoresis (ItP), which is a physical, intradermal drug delivery technology that relies on the use of weak electric current. Previous findings suggest that activation of cell signaling by the weak electric current applied during ItP may affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to aggravation of psoriasis. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ItP on the expression of various inflammatory cytokines in the skin, and subsequently examined the therapeutic effect of ItP using negatively-charged liposomes encapsulating FK506 (FK-Lipo) in a rat psoriasis model induced by imiquimod. We found that ItP (0.34 mA/cm2, 1 h) did not affect mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines or epidermis thickness, indicating that ItP is a safe technology for psoriasis treatment. ItP of FK-Lipo suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by imiquimod treatment to a greater extent than skin treated with FK506 ointment for 1 h. Furthermore, epidermis thickening was significantly suppressed only by ItP of FK-Lipo. Taken together, results of this study demonstrate the successful development of an efficient treatment for psoriasis by combining FK-Lipo and ItP, without disease aggravation associated with the weak electric current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Mizune Ozono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Karen Yanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chu DK, Chu AWL, Rayner DG, Guyatt GH, Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Gomez-Escobar L, Pérez-Herrera LC, Díaz Martinez JP, Brignardello-Petersen R, Sadeghirad B, Wong MM, Ceccacci R, Zhao IX, Basmaji J, MacDonald M, Chu X, Islam N, Gao Y, Izcovich A, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Capozza K, Chen L, Ellison K, Frazier WT, Greenhawt M, Huynh J, LeBovidge J, Lio PA, Martin SA, O'Brien M, Ong PY, Silverberg JI, Spergel JM, Smith Begolka W, Wang J, Wheeler KE, Gardner DD, Schneider L. Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1493-1519. [PMID: 37678572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition with multiple topical treatment options, but uncertain comparative effects. OBJECTIVE We sought to systematically synthesize the benefits and harms of AD prescription topical treatments. METHODS For the 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters AD guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, ICTRP, and GREAT databases to September 5, 2022, for randomized trials addressing AD topical treatments. Paired reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Random-effects network meta-analyses addressed AD severity, itch, sleep, AD-related quality of life, flares, and harms. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach informed certainty of evidence ratings. We classified topical corticosteroids (TCS) using 7 groups-group 1 being most potent. This review is registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/q5m6s). RESULTS The 219 included trials (43,123 patients) evaluated 68 interventions. With high-certainty evidence, pimecrolimus improved 6 of 7 outcomes-among the best for 2; high-dose tacrolimus (0.1%) improved 5-among the best for 2; low-dose tacrolimus (0.03%) improved 5-among the best for 1. With moderate- to high-certainty evidence, group 5 TCS improved 6-among the best for 3; group 4 TCS and delgocitinib improved 4-among the best for 2; ruxolitinib improved 4-among the best for 1; group 1 TCS improved 3-among the best for 2. These interventions did not increase harm. Crisaborole and difamilast were intermediately effective, but with uncertain harm. Topical antibiotics alone or in combination may be among the least effective. To maintain AD control, group 5 TCS were among the most effective, followed by tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. CONCLUSIONS For individuals with AD, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, and moderate-potency TCS are among the most effective in improving and maintaining multiple AD outcomes. Topical antibiotics may be among the least effective.
Collapse
Key Words
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
- disease severity
- induction of remission and maintenance of remission (reactive or proactive therapy)
- network meta-analysis (comparative effects)
- patient-important outcomes (eczema severity, intensity, itch, sleep, quality of life, flares or flare-ups or exacerbations)
- topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (ruxolitinib, delgocitinib)
- topical calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus)
- topical corticosteroids (steroids)
- topical phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors (crisaborole, difamilast, lotamilast, roflumilast)
- topical treatments (therapy)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Alexandro W L Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rayner
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Juan José Yepes-Nuñez
- Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogotá University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan Pablo Díaz Martinez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melanie M Wong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Renata Ceccacci
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Irene X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John Basmaji
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Margaret MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xiajing Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Qatar
| | - Ariel Izcovich
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Aleman, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Korey Capozza
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Santa Barbara, Calif
| | - Lina Chen
- Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Joey Huynh
- Sepulveda VA Medical Center, North Hills, Calif
| | - Jennifer LeBovidge
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Peter A Lio
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Peck Y Ong
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Julie Wang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu W, Pan W, Zou M, Jin S, Mi R, Cheng G, Piao H. Tacrolimus and paclitaxel co-loaded O/O ointment without surfactant: Synergistic combinations for the treatment of psoriasis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 185:28-43. [PMID: 36828239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder disease with abnormally activated T lymphocytes and thickening of the epidermis. The mechanism of the action of tacrolimus and paclitaxel are matched with the two only known pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, there has been no report on tacrolimus combined with paclitaxel in the treatment of psoriasis until now. The O/O ointment was prepared for the topical application to overcome poor solubility, poor skin penetration, and erratic absorption of the two drugs. A high-speed shearing method was adopted to prepare the ointment, in which propylene carbonate was used to solve tacrolimus and paclitaxel completely. The ointment showed excellent stability, slow release of the drugs, better retention in psoriatic skin, and good skin tolerance. The therapeutic efficacy of ointment was evaluated with imiquimod induced psoriatic model, and the level of expression of psoriatic biochemical markers was evaluated using the PASI score and immunohistochemistry. The cumulative PASI score was 10.8 for the imiquimod induced group, 7.8 for the tacrolimus ointment group, 8.3 for the paclitaxel ointment and 5.3 for the tacrolimus-paclitaxel (1:1) ointment group, respectively. Ointment group with tacrolimus and paclitaxel indicated a significant improvement in the phenotypic features of the psoriatic skin treated. Compared with the imiquimod group, tacrolimus-paclitaxel (1:1) ointment group was significantly reduced the level of IL-17. The results confirm that tacrolimus and paclitaxel co-loaded ointment can be an effective strategy for the treatment of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China; CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co., LTD, Hebei Province 050035, China
| | - Wenxiu Pan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Sichen Jin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ru Mi
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Piao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreno A, Renert-Yuval Y, Guttman-Yassky E. Shedding light on key pharmacological knowledge and strategies for pediatric atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:119-131. [PMID: 36705936 PMCID: PMC9947941 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2173172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease affecting over 20% of the pediatric population, with 85% of cases presenting before the age of five. Recently, therapeutic options in pediatric patients have evolved rapidly, following extensive development in adult treatments. AREAS COVERED This review will encompass relevant molecular drivers, along with an overlook on treatment modalities in pediatric AD, as well as a summary of pipeline treatments in clinical trials for pediatric patients from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to July 2022. Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay for AD flares in adults and children. Topical approved agents in pediatric AD are calcineurin inhibitors, crisaborolecrisaborole, and ruxolitinib. Dupilumab is the only FDA approved biologic for patients with AD from six months of age. A Janus kinase inhibitor, upadacitinib, is a systemic treatment approved for pediatric AD patients (age >12 years). Systemic immunosuppressants used in pediatric AD include methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporinecyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil. EXPERT OPINION Data regarding disease prevention are conflicting, however, an abundance of research has transpired regarding amelioration of symptoms and induction of disease clearance by targeting numerous pathological mechanisms. Understanding the pediatric AD phenotype will further advance the field and the development of improved therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Moreno
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bashrahil B, Alzahrani Z, Samarkandy S, Aman A, Jfri A. The efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab monotherapy for the management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1091271. [PMID: 36726353 PMCID: PMC9884690 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing disease. Few biologics are approved for moderate-to-severe AD, and novel interventions are emerging. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lebrikizumab, an IL-13 immunomodulator, as monotherapy vs. placebo in treating moderate-to-severe AD. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov registry (CT.gov) databases were systematically searched. We evaluated lebrikizumab vs. placebo and measured efficacy using Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Body Surface Area (BSA), and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) change from baseline to week 16. Safety was evaluated by the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), non-serious adverse events (NSAEs), and mortality. The risk of bias was investigated using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Three RCTs (n = 1,149) included 543 (47.25%) men vs. 606 (52.75%) women. Meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvement in EASI, IGA, and BSA. EASI75 at week 16 for all regimens was (RR = 2.62, 95% CI [2.06, 3.34], p < 0.00001) with the first regimen (500 mg loading dose then 200 mg every 2 weeks) showing the most significant improvement (RR = 3.02, 95% CI [2.39, 3.82], p < 0.00001). The pooled analysis of safety outcomes concluded that lebrikizumab did not correlate significantly with the incidence of SAEs, NSAEs, and mortality. Conclusion Overall, lebrikizumab showed a significant improvement in all efficacy outcomes. Additionally, it did not contribute to any significant incidence of SAEs, NSAEs, or mortality. The risk of bias in included RCTs was minor except in the randomization domain. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment of the outcomes ranged from low to high, but predominantly high certainty of evidence. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022362438.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Bashrahil
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alzahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahal Samarkandy
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Dermatology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aman
- Department of Dermatology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Jfri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Dermatology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdulhadi Jfri,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Devasenapathy N, Chu A, Wong M, Srivastava A, Ceccacci R, Lin C, MacDonald M, Wen A, Steen J, Levine M, Pyne L, Schneider L, Chu DK. Cancer risk with topical calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:13-25. [PMID: 36370744 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent condition in children and can be effectively managed with medications such as topical calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus or tacrolimus). A key unresolved safety concern is whether use of topical calcineurin inhibitors is associated with cancer. We systematically reviewed the risk of cancer in patients with atopic dermatitis exposed to topical calcineurin inhibitors. METHODS As part of the 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters atopic dermatitis guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, the Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde database, the Global Resource of Eczema Trials database, WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the US Food and Drug Administration database, the European Medicines Agency database, company registers, and relevant citations from inception to June 6, 2022. We included randomised controlled trials and comparative and non-comparative non-randomised studies in any language addressing cancer risk in patients with atopic dermatitis using topical calcineurin inhibitors. We excluded split-body studies and studies with less than 3 weeks of follow-up. Paired reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We used Bayesian models to estimate the probability for cancer due to topical calcineurin inhibitor exposure and the GRADE approach to determine the certainty of the evidence. Patients, advocacy groups, and care providers set a priori thresholds of important effects. This study is registered with Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/v4bfc. FINDINGS We identified and analysed 110 unique studies (52 randomised controlled trials and 69 non-randomised studies [11 were non-randomised study extensions of randomised controlled trials]) including 3·4 million patients followed up for a mean of 11 months (range 0·7-120). The absolute risk of any cancer with topical calcineurin inhibitor exposure was not different from controls (absolute risk 4·70 per 1000 with topical calcineurin inhibitors vs 4·56 per 1000 without; odds ratio 1·03 [95% credible interval 0·94-1·11]; moderate certainty). For all age groups and using data from observational studies and randomised controlled trials, the use of pimecrolimus (OR 1·05 [95% credible interval 0·94-1·15]) or tacrolimus (0·99 [0·89-1·09]) is likely to have had little to no association with cancer compared with no topical calcineurin inhibitor exposure. For pimecrolimus versus tacrolimus, the finding was similar (0·95 [95% credible interval 0·83-1·07]). Findings were similar in infants, children, and adults, and robust to trial sequential, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses. INTERPRETATION Among individuals with atopic dermatitis, moderate-certainty evidence shows that topical calcineurin inhibitors do not increase the risk of cancer. These findings support the safe use of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the optimal treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. FUNDING American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology via the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandro Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Wong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Renata Ceccacci
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Wen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Steen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell Levine
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lonnie Pyne
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Danby SG, Draelos ZD, Gold LFS, Cha A, Vlahos B, Aikman L, Sanders P, Wu-Linhares D, Cork MJ. Vehicles for atopic dermatitis therapies: more than just a placebo. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:685-698. [PMID: 32654550 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1789050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A topical vehicle is a 'carrier system' for an active pharmaceutical (or cosmetic) substance, referred to hereafter as the drug, but a vehicle may also be used on its own as an emollient to ameliorate dry skin. It is well established that the vehicle plays an important role in determining the bioavailability of a given drug at its ultimate target within the skin. Yet in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD), wherein the structure and function of the skin's outer barrier play a pivotal role in the development and course of the condition, the interaction of the vehicle with this barrier carries a particular importance. It is now clear that the often-considered inert excipients of a vehicle bring about changes within the skin at the molecular level that promote barrier restoration and enhance innate immune defenses with therapeutic value to AD patients. Moreover, the vehicle control in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) increasingly displays significant efficacy. In light of this, we consider the implications of vehicle design in relation to AD pathophysiology and the role vehicles play as controls in RCTs of new drug treatments for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Danby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Dermatology Research, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Sanders
- Pfizer R&D UK Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael J Cork
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fiorillo L, Marcoux D, Ramien M. Contemporary Role of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: A Pediatric Dermatology Perspective. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 23:11S-18S. [PMID: 31476940 DOI: 10.1177/1203475419857975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common pediatric chronic inflammatory skin disease in North America, often involving complex treatment regimens and impairing the quality of life of affected children and their families. Two topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) have been available for the treatment of AD in pediatric patients for more than 15 years, and they continue to represent an important steroid-sparing option for the management of AD. Despite the large body of evidence and extensive clinical experience with these agents, there remain concerns among parents and clinicians regarding the long-term safety of this class of therapy, particularly with respect to the boxed warning about the potential risk of lymphoma and malignancy associated with TCIs. Concerns about burning or stinging with initial applications are also common. This review examines the literature on the clinical effectiveness of TCIs, with a focus on the pivotal research that supports the efficacy of these agents, and the reassuring body of evidence supporting their long-term safety in pediatric patients. Practical recommendations for maximizing the utility of TCIs in pediatric patients, including discussion points to address with parents, are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Fiorillo
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Danielle Marcoux
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, University of Montreal and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michele Ramien
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lewińska A, Jaromin A, Jezierska J. Role of architecture of N-oxide surfactants in the design of nanoemulsions for Candida skin infection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 187:110639. [PMID: 31776055 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present comprehensive research on the formation, stability and structural properties of oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions with the ability for topical administration, penetration of the skin and acting as antifungal agents against C. albicans. The studied nanoemulsions were composed of different ratios of double-head - single-tail surfactants {1-bis{[3-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]amido}alkane-di-N-oxides (Cn-MEDA), N,N-bis[3,3'-(dimethyl-amino)propyl]alkyl-amide di-N-oxides (Cn(DAPANO)2} and single-head - single-tail surfactants {2-(alkanoylamino)-ethyldimethyl-amine-N-oxides (Cn-EDA), and 3-(alkanoylamino) propyldimethylamine-N-oxides, (Cn-PDA)} added to the oil {isooctane IO, isopropyl myristate IPM or glyceryl monocaprylate GM as (O)} and to the water phase (W). The phase behavior of the systems was examined by a titration method. Morphology of the resulting colloids was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the particle size and size distributions determined by dynamic light scattering, and kinetic stability by multiple light scattering. While both surfactant types resulted in quite stable nanoemulsions, the systems formed using a single-headed one-tail surfactant were slightly more stable with GM or IPM. The microenvironmental properties of the nanoemulsions were studied by an electron paramagnetic resonance technique to distinguish the molecular dynamics of the different spin probes localized in the particular regions of the surfactant layers, depending on the surfactant structure and the system preparation. Skin permeation studies were performed to monitor transport through the skin, and changes in skin structure were followed using differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, the activities of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions stabilized by N-oxide surfactants against Candida albicans fungus were evaluated. To estimate in vitro efficacy, the suitability of an N-oxide nanoemulsion dressing against wound infection with biofilm C. albicans was assessed according to the Antibiofilm Dressing's Activity Measurement. We expect that the nanoemulsion formulations tested in this study will have potential for application as topical delivery systems for pharmaceutically active compounds in skin-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abuabara K, Flohr C. Is new better than tried and tested? Topical atopic dermatitis treatment in context. Br J Dermatol 2019; 178:583-584. [PMID: 29595233 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Abuabara
- Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - C Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reda AM, Elgendi A, Ebraheem AI, Aldraibi MS, Qari MS, Abdulghani MMR, Luger T. A practical algorithm for topical treatment of atopic dermatitis in the Middle East emphasizing the importance of sensitive skin areas. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:366-373. [PMID: 30222017 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1524823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a need for safe, effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in the Middle East. Objective To propose a practical algorithm for the treatment of AD throughout the Middle East. Methods An international panel of six experts from the Middle East and one from Europe developed the algorithm. The practical treatment guide was based on a review of published guidelines on AD, an evaluation of relevant literature published up to August 2016 and local treatment practices. Results Patients with an acute mild-to-moderate disease flare on sensitive body areas should apply the topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI), pimecrolimus 1% cream twice daily until clearance. For other body locations, a TCI, either pimecrolimus 1% cream, tacrolimus 0.03% ointment in children or 0.1% ointment in adults, should be applied twice daily until clearance. Emollients should be used as needed. Patients experiencing acute severe disease flares should apply a topical corticosteroid (TCS) according to their label for a few days to reduce inflammation. After clinical improvement, pimecrolimus for sensitive skin areas or TCIs for other body locations should be used until there is a complete resolution of lesions. Conclusions These recommendations are expected to optimize AD management in patients across the Middle East.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Reda
- a Mediclinic Welcare Hospital , Dubai , United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Mohammed S Aldraibi
- d Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Thomas Luger
- f Dermatology Clinic , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of crisaborole topical ointment, 2%, on atopic dermatitis–associated pruritus: an extended analysis of 2 phase 3 clinical trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Papier A, Strowd LC. Atopic dermatitis: a review of topical nonsteroid therapy. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212521. [PMID: 29632548 PMCID: PMC5886549 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects up to 20% of children and 3% of adults globally. Although topical corticosteroids are considered to be the first-line agents, they can be associated with cutaneous and systemic adverse effects. Since the early 2000s, two new classes of nonsteroid topical therapies, topical calcineurin inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, have been introduced and provide a safe treatment alternative. Method We performed a search and review of clinical trials that examined the safety and efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors and PDE4 inhibitors. The search was conducted using the PubMed database as well as preselected keywords and filters. This review focuses on the safety and efficacy of each therapy. Results Sixty-nine clinical trials identified in this study have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of topical calcineurin and a single novel PDE4 inhibitor in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Topical calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to be effective in both achieving lesion clearance as well as reducing relapse when used long-term and proactively. Similarly, in clinical trials the PDE4 inhibitor showed success in lesion clearance and symptom management. All three therapies (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, crisaborole) are associated with low systemic absorption. No clinical trials to date have shown an increased risk of systemic adverse events or malignancy such as lymphoma. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse event across all three therapies was application-site discomfort, pain or pruritus. It is important to note that long-term studies are not yet available for the novel PDE4 inhibitor. Discussion Topical calcineurin inhibitors provide a safe and effective alternative to topical corticosteroid use in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) black box warning for topical calcineurin inhibitors remains, studies have not shown an increased risk of malignancy. These warnings have caused a decline in use in favor of topical steroids. A novel PDE4 inhibitor has shown efficacy and safety in studies up to one year. Further long-term safety data is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Papier
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay C Strowd
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is characterized by the interplay of skin barrier defects with the immune system and skin microbiome that causes patients to be at risk for infectious complications. This article reviews the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and the mechanisms through which patients are at risk for infection from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Although these complications may be managed acutely, prevention of secondary infections depends on a multipronged approach in the maintenance of skin integrity, control of flares, and microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 75, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang A, Cho C, Leung DYM, Brar K. Atopic Dermatitis: Early Treatment in Children. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2017; 4:355-369. [PMID: 29868331 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-017-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic regimens for the treatment and long-term management of AD traditionally had a two-fold objective of decreasing skin inflammation and repairing the defective skin barrier. Essential treatments for AD in children should include topical moisturizers for skin hydration and prevention of flares, topical anti-inflammatory medications (e.g. corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitor), allergen/irritant avoidance, and treatment of skin infections. Treatment regimens should be severity-based, and implemented in a stepwise approach tailored to the individual patient. This stepwise approach includes initial use of emollients, gentle skin care, and escalating to more potent anti-inflammatory treatments as the disease severity increases. Currently available systemic medications should be reserved for the presence of recalcitrance to topical therapies due to associated toxicities. We believe that early treatment of AD is not only essential in treating the skin disease, but also in preventing the development of additional atopic diseases, such as food allergy, asthma and allergic rhinitis. The defective skin barrier of AD permits a route of entry for food and environmental allergens, and upon exposure, keratinocytes secrete TSLP, which activates the TH2 pathway. This TH2 differentiation sets off the atopic march and the subsequent diseases that are seen. This review highlights treatment options and strategies in pediatric AD therapy with an emphasis on early therapy. Supporting evidence on the efficacy and safety of each intervention will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Huang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Christine Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Kanwaljit Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Itch, or pruritus, is a hallmark feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). The impact of AD-related pruritus can range from mildly distressing or distracting to completely disabling. Traditionally, management of itch in AD patients has focused on restoring the altered skin barrier with topical emollients and/or reducing inflammation. A growing emphasis has been placed on directly targeting the neural transmission pathways that mediate itch signaling. Off-label use of neuromodulatory agents has helped reduce this aggravating symptom in atopic patients. This article reviews the current literature on the use of neuromodulatory agents and nonpharmacologic alternative therapies used to treat AD-related pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina B Elmariah
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pischon H, Radbruch M, Ostrowski A, Volz P, Gerecke C, Unbehauen M, Hönzke S, Hedtrich S, Fluhr JW, Haag R, Kleuser B, Alexiev U, Gruber AD, Mundhenk L. Stratum corneum targeting by dendritic core-multishell-nanocarriers in a mouse model of psoriasis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:317-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
19
|
Drug nanocarrier, the future of atopic diseases: Advanced drug delivery systems and smart management of disease. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:475-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
20
|
Jain A, Doppalapudi S, Domb AJ, Khan W. Tacrolimus and curcumin co-loaded liposphere gel: Synergistic combination towards management of psoriasis. J Control Release 2016; 243:132-145. [PMID: 27725194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by hyper proliferation and poor differentiation of keratinocytes. It significantly affects patient's quality of life. This study reports the anti-psoriatic efficacy of tacrolimus and curcumin loaded liposphere gel formulation. Poor solubility, poor skin penetration and erratic absorption are some problems associated with the topical delivery of these drugs. To overcome these problems, lipospheres containing combination of tacrolimus and curcumin was prepared with a particle size of nearly 50nm and incorporated into a gel for topical application. Liposphere gel showed slow release of both the drugs and shear thinning behaviour that is desirable property of topical formulation. Further, dermal distribution study using dye loaded formulation suggested penetration of dye into skin layers. The therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus and curcumin loaded liposphere gel was assessed on imiquimod induced psoriatic plaque model, and the level of expression of psoriatic biochemical markers was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results indicated improvement in the phenotypic and histopathological features of psoriatic skin treated with tacrolimus and curcumin loaded liposphere gel. There was reduction in the level of TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-22 compared to imiquimod group. These results corroborate the premise that liposphere gel containing combination of tacrolimus and curcumin can be an effective strategy for the treatment of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Sindhu Doppalapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Jerusalem College of Engineering (JCE), Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Background: Tacrolimus (FK 506), a metabolite of the fungus Streptomyces tsukubaensis, is an anti-T-cell drug. It acts by inhibiting the production of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, TNFα, and GM-CSF. More potent and with slightly less secondary effects than cyclosporine, it has been the object of considerable interest, especially in conditions that could benefit from the latter. Objective: In psoriasis, a placebo-controlled double-blind study has shown oral tacrolimus at 0.1 mg/kg/day to be effective in controlling recalcitrant lesions. In human, small studies have reported tacrolimus ointment to be effective in controlling acute contact dermatitis. Short-term trials of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis have recently shown excellent results in both adults and children. In animal studies of hair growth disorders, topical tacrolimus induces anagen and protects from chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Animal studies with the ointment for the prevention of skin graft rejection, lupus dermatoses, and skin papilloma formation have also shown to be promising. Conclusions: There are case reports of pyoderma gangrenosum, Sezary's syndrome, and Behçet's disease successfully treated with oral tacrolimus but, because of their small number, they remain anecdotal at this point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quang Hieu Dé Tran
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Campus Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Guay
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Campus Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Chartier
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Campus Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Tousignant
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Campus Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gerbens LAA, Chalmers JR, Rogers NK, Nankervis H, Spuls PI. Reporting of symptoms in randomized controlled trials of atopic eczema treatments: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:678-86. [PMID: 27012805 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
'Symptoms' is a core outcome domain for atopic eczema (AE) trials, agreed by consensus as part of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative. To standardize and validate the core domain symptoms and symptom instruments for AE trials the HOME roadmap is followed. Its first step is to establish if and how symptoms have been measured in published AE treatment trials. Therefore the Global Resource for Eczema Trials database was used to collect all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments for AE between January 2000 and April 2014. Study selection and data extraction were performed by three reviewers independently. We identified the use of symptoms in 295 of 378 trials (78%). Symptoms as a primary end point were applied by 147 RCTs (50%). Seventeen different symptoms were measured, but mostly itch and sleep loss. Symptoms were assessed by only 37% of trials by a stand-alone symptom measurement. Overall 63% of RCTs used a composite instrument, and 30 different instruments were identified. The Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index was the most commonly applied, but only 23% of RCTs reported the SCORAD symptom score separately. This systematic review demonstrates that symptoms, most frequently itch and sleep loss, are commonly reported in AE treatment trials, but are measured using many different instruments. Often symptoms are evaluated as part of a composite instrument, and currently it is not possible to extract symptoms-only data from most published studies. Future trials should report symptom scores to permit meta-analysis of the core outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - N K Rogers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - H Nankervis
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chikin VV, Smolyannikova VA, Proshutinskaya DV, Nefedova MA. Assessing the itching intensity using visual analogue scales in atopic dermatitis patients against the background of a therapy with calcineurin inhibitors. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2016. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-3-46-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal. To assess the effect of topical treatment of atopic dermatitis patients with the 0.1% tacrolimus ointment on the itching intensity and skin expression level of growth factor proteins affecting the intensity of cutaneous innervation. Materials and methods. Fifteen patients suffering from atopic dermatitis underwent treatment with the 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. The SCORAD index was calculated to assess the severity of clinical manifestations. The itching intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The skin expression of nerve growth factors, amphiregulin, semaphorin 3A and PGP9.5 protein (a nerve fiber marker) was assessed by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Results. An increased expression of the nerve growth factor and reduced semaphorin 3A expression levels were noted in the patients’ epidermis; there was an increase in the quantity, mean length and fluorescence intensity of PGP9.5+ nerve fibers. As a result of the treatment, the disease severity and itching intensity were reduced, the nerve growth factor expression level was reduced while semaphorin 3A expression level increased in the epidermis, and the mean length and fluorescence intensity of PGP9.5+ nerve fibers was also reduced. A positive correlation among the itching intensity and nerve growth factor expression level, quantity and mean length of PGP9.5+ nerve fibers in the epidermis was revealed, and negative correlation between the itching intensity and semaphorin 3A expression level in the epidermis was established. Conclusion. Topical treatment with the 0.1% Tacrolimus ointment reduces the itching intensity in atopic dermatitis patients, which is related to the therapy-mediated reduction in the epidermis innervation level, decreased expression of epidermal nerve growth factor and increased semaphorin 3A expression level.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee HJ, Kim MH, Choi YY, Kim EH, Hong J, Kim K, Yang WM. Improvement of atopic dermatitis with topical application of Spirodela polyrhiza. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:12-17. [PMID: 26778605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spirodela polyrhiza has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of urticarial, acute nephritis, inflammation, as well as skin disease. AIM OF STUDY Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized hyperplasia of skin lesion and increase of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. In this study, the topical effects of S. polyrhiza (SP) on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice model were investigated by several experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups as NOR, CON, DEX, SP 1, and SP 100 groups (n=5, respectively). To induce atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, DNCB had been applied on shaved dorsal skin. SP was topically treated to DNCB-induced mice as 1 and 100mg/mL concentrations. Histological changes were showed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the infiltration of mast cells was detected by toluidine blue staining. In addition, the level of IgE and each cytokines were measured and expressions of inflammatory signaling factors were analyzed by western blotting assay. RESULTS SP treatment improved a hyperplasia of epidermis and dermis in DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesion. The infiltration of mast cells was also decreased by treatment of SP. In addition, SP reduced the level of IgE in serum and attenuated the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Treatment of SP also inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphor-IκB-α, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s. CONCLUSIONS From these data, we propose that SP ameliorates AD via modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. SP may have the potential to be used as an alternative for treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - You Yeon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herbal Medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by Multiple Mechanisms. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 25:151-160. [PMID: 26740223 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common skin disorders in humans. Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of AD, preventive approaches are limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain naturally-occurring herbal medicines are effective in preventing the development of AD via divergent mechanisms, such as inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Yet, they exhibit few adverse effects. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could represent an ideal approach for preventing the development of AD, in both highly developed and developing countries.
Collapse
|
26
|
Thomas W, Werner A, Frank A, Matthias A, Tilo B, Thomas D, Regina FH, Uwe G, Annice H, Julia K, Alexander K, Alexander N, Katja N, Hagen O, Bernhard P, Martin R, Martin S, Peter SG, Jochen S, Thomas S, Doris S, Margitta W. Leitlinie Neurodermitis [atopisches Ekzem; atopische Dermatitis]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015; 14:e1-75. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aberer Werner
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Dermatologie und Venerologie
| | - Ahrens Frank
- Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin e.V
| | - Augustin Matthias
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gesundheitsökonomie und Evidenzbasierte Medizin der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
| | | | - Diepgen Thomas
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
| | - Fölster-Holst Regina
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pädiatrische Dermatologie der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
| | | | | | | | - Kapp Alexander
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie
| | - Nast Alexander
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e.V. (Moderation)
| | - Nemat Katja
- Berufsverband der Kinder- und Jugendärzte e.V
| | - Ott Hagen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e.V
| | - Przybilla Bernhard
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Allergologie der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Staab Doris
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurodermitisschulung e.V
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nemoto O, Hayashi N, Kitahara Y, Furue M, Hojo S, Nomoto M, Shima S. Effect of topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 on Japanese children with atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, vehicle-controlled exploratory trial. J Dermatol 2015; 43:881-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hojo
- Global Pharmacokinetics & Bioanalysis; Eisai Co., Ltd.; Tokyo Japan
| | - Maiko Nomoto
- Global Pharmacokinetics & Bioanalysis; Eisai Co., Ltd.; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Shima
- Japan/Asia Clinical Research; Eisai Co., Ltd.; Tokyo Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cury Martins J, Martins C, Aoki V, Gois AFT, Ishii HA, da Silva EMK. Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD009864. [PMID: 26132597 PMCID: PMC6461158 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009864.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) (or atopic eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects children and adults and has an important impact on quality of life. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are the first-line therapy for this condition; however, they can be associated with significant adverse effects when used chronically. Tacrolimus ointment (in its 2 manufactured strengths of 0.1% and 0.03%) might be an alternative treatment. Tacrolimus, together with pimecrolimus, are drugs called topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs). OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus for moderate and severe atopic dermatitis compared with other active treatments. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to 3 June 2015: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2015), MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), LILACS (from 1982), and the Global Resource of Eczema Trials (GREAT database). We searched six trials registers and checked the bibliographies of included studies for further references to relevant trials. We contacted specialists in the field for unpublished data.A separate search for adverse effects of topical tacrolimus was undertaken in MEDLINE and EMBASE on 30 July 2013. We also scrutinised the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites for adverse effects information. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of participants with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (both children and adults) using topical tacrolimus at any dose, course duration, and follow-up time compared with other active treatments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened and examined the full text of selected studies for compliance with eligibility criteria, risk of bias, and data extraction. Our three prespecified primary outcomes were physician's assessment, participant's self-assessment of improvement, and adverse effects. Our secondary outcomes included assessment of improvement of the disease by validated or objective measures, such as SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis), the EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), and BSA (Body Surface Area) scores. MAIN RESULTS We included 20 studies, with 5885 participants. The variability of drug doses, outcomes, and follow-up periods made it difficult to carry out meta-analyses.A single trial showed that tacrolimus 0.1% was better than low-potency TCS by the physician's assessment (risk ratio (RR) 3.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14 to 4.45, 1 study, n = 371, moderate-quality evidence). It was also marginally better than low-potency TCS on face and neck areas and moderate-potency TCS on the trunk and extremities by the physician's assessment (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.49, 1 study, n = 972, moderate level of evidence) and for some of the secondary outcomes. Compared with pimecrolimus 1%, people treated with tacrolimus were almost twice as likely to improve by the physician's assessment (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.42, 2 studies, n = 506, moderate quality of evidence). Compared with the lower concentration of 0.03%, the tacrolimus 0.1% formulation reduced the risk of not having an improvement by 18% as evaluated by the physician's assessment (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92, 6 studies, n = 1640, high-quality evidence). Tacrolimus 0.1% compared with moderate-to-potent TCS showed no difference by the physician's assessment, and 2 secondary outcomes (1 study, 377 participants) and a marginal benefit favouring tacrolimus 0.1% was found by the participant's assessment (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.29, 1 study, n = 974, low quality of evidence) and SCORAD.Based on data from 2 trials, tacrolimus 0.03% was superior to mild TCS for the physician's assessment (RR 2.58, 95% CI 1.96 to 3.38, 2 studies, n = 790, moderate-quality evidence) and the participant's self-assessment (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.90, 1 study, n = 416, moderate quality of evidence). One trial showed moderate benefit of tacrolimus 0.03% compared with pimecrolimus 1% on the physician's assessment (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.98, 1 study, n = 139, low-quality evidence), but the effects were equivocal when evaluating BSA. In the comparison of tacrolimus 0.03% with moderate-to-potent corticosteroids, no difference was found in most of the outcomes measured (including physician's and participant's assessment and also for the secondary outcomes), but in two studies, a marginal benefit favouring the corticosteroid group was found for the EASI and BSA scores.Burning was more frequent in those using calcineurin inhibitors than those using corticosteroid tacrolimus 0.03% (RR 2.48, 95% CI 1.96 to 3.14, 5 studies, 1883 participants, high-quality evidence), but no difference was found for skin infections. Symptoms observed were mild and transient. The comparison between the two calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus and tacrolimus) showed the same overall incidence of adverse events, but with a small difference in the frequency of local effects.Serious adverse events were rare; occurred in both the tacrolimus and corticosteroid groups; and in most cases, were considered to be unrelated to the treatment. No cases of lymphoma were noted in the included studies nor in the non-comparative studies. Cases were only noted in spontaneous reports, cohorts, and case-control studies. Systemic absorption was rarely detectable, only in low levels, and this decreased with time. Exception is made for diseases with severe barrier defects, such as Netherton's syndrome, lamellar ichthyosis, and a few others, with case reports of a higher absorption. We evaluated clinical trials; case reports; and in vivo, in vitro, and animal studies; and didn't find any evidence that topical tacrolimus could cause skin atrophy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus 0.1% was better than low-potency corticosteroids, pimecrolimus 1%, and tacrolimus 0.03%. Results were equivocal when comparing both dose formulations to moderate-to-potent corticosteroids. Tacrolimus 0.03% was superior to mild corticosteroids and pimecrolimus. Both tacrolimus formulations seemed to be safe, and no evidence was found to support the possible increased risk of malignancies or skin atrophy with their use. The reliability and strength of the evidence was limited by the lack of data; thus, findings of this review should be interpreted with caution. We did not evaluate costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Cury Martins
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of DermatologyWagih Assad Abdalla 172São PauloSão PauloBrazil05651‐020
| | - Ciro Martins
- Belecara Premium Multispecialty CenterDepartment of Dermatology1427 Clarkview RoadSuite 300BBaltimoreMarylandUSA21210
| | - Valeria Aoki
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital das ClinicasDepartment of DermatologyAv. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguir255‐sala 3016‐ICHCSão PauloBrazil05403‐002
| | - Aecio FT Gois
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Pedro de Toledo, 598São PauloSão PauloBrazil04039‐001
| | - Henrique A Ishii
- The University of Nottinghamc/o Cochrane Skin GroupA103, King's Meadow CampusLenton LaneNottinghamUKNG7 2NR
| | - Edina MK da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São PauloEmergency Medicine and Evidence Based MedicineRua Borges Lagoa 564 cj 64Vl. ClementinoSão PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang X, Xu B. Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus versus Pimecrolimus for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Network Meta-Analysis. Dermatology 2015; 231:41-9. [PMID: 26043855 DOI: 10.1159/000381948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a network meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus as treatment options for children with atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS Randomized controlled studies with a modified Jadad score >3 using tacrolimus or pimecrolimus in pediatric patients with AD were studied. RESULTS Out of 163 articles, 19 studies enrolling a total of 6,413 pediatric patients were selected. Pooled analysis revealed that tacrolimus 0.03% or 0.1% and pimecrolimus 1% were better at reducing eczema compared with vehicles. No significance was found between tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in improving the severity of eczema. More patients tended to withdraw in the vehicle groups compared to the tacrolimus and pimecrolimus groups. No significant difference existed between total adverse events and withdrawals in the tacrolimus and pimecrolimus groups. CONCLUSIONS Pimecrolimus was similar to tacrolimus in both efficacy and safety for AD in children, but both were better than vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ha H, Lim HS, Lee MY, Shin IS, Jeon WY, Kim JH, Shin HK. Luffa cylindrica suppresses development of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:555-562. [PMID: 25327534 PMCID: PMC4364561 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.932392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The fruit pulp of Luffa cylindrica Roemer (Cucurbitaceae) (LC) has been used to induce hemostasis, resolve phlegm and clear fever in traditional Korean medicine. However, the efficacy of LC has not been examined in atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE A 70% ethanol extract of LC was evaluated to determine anti-inflammation and anti-AD effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of LC on the production of PGE2 and histamine were respectively measured in lipopolysaccharide-treated (1 μg/mL) RAW264.7 macrophages and phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (50 nM) and A23187 (1 µM)-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells. The production of AD-related chemokines (RANTES, TARC, and MDC) were evaluated in IFN-γ and TNF-α-stimulated (10 ng/mL, each) HaCaT keratinocytes. LC (10 mg/mouse/d) was topically applied to the dorsal skin and ears of Dermatophagoides farina (Pyroglyphidae)-sensitized Nc/Nga mice for 4 weeks. RESULTS The IC50 values of LC on PGE2 and histamine production were 16.89 and 139.9 μg/mL, individually. The production of TARC and RANTES were inhibited 20% and 12% by LC (50 μg/mL) in HaCaT cells, respectively (p < 0.05). In sensitized-NC/Nga mice, the plasma levels of IgE and histamine were suppressed 36% and 41% by LC, respectively (p < 0.05). LC also reduced hemorrhage, hypertrophy, and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis and infiltration of mast cells in the dorsal skin and ear. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION LC can inhibit AD-like skin lesions and reduce the generation of IgE via inhibition of the inflammatory responses. LC has potential as a therapeutic agent to treat allergic diseases, including AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyeun Kyoo Shin
- Correspondence: Hyeunkyoo Shin, Ph.D., Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82 42 868 9464. Fax: +82 42 864 2120. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin HR, Liu YF, Lin YJ. Novel Formable PVA-Based Gel as a Potential for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.886230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Grunwald MH, Ben Amitai D, Amichai B. Macrolactam Immunomodulators (Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus): New Horizons in the Topical Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Dermatol 2014; 31:592-602. [PMID: 15492431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are new macrolactam immunomodulators which were developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, mainly atopic dermatitis. In this article, we review the pharmacologic properties of the drugs, their side effects, and their clinical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Grunwald
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:116-32. [PMID: 24813302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common and chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition that can affect all age groups. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. In this second of 4 sections, treatment of atopic dermatitis with nonpharmacologic interventions and pharmacologic topical therapies are reviewed. Where possible, suggestions on dosing and monitoring are given based on available evidence.
Collapse
|
34
|
Antiatopic Dermatitis Effect of Artemisia iwayomogi in Dust Mice Extract-Sensitized Nc/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:673286. [PMID: 24707309 PMCID: PMC3953474 DOI: 10.1155/2014/673286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims. Artemisia iwayomogi (AI) has been used for fever reduction, diuresis, and hepatoprotection in Korea. The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiatopic dermatitis effects of AI using both in vitro and in vivo systems. Methods. The compositions in AI were analyzed by HPLC. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of AI, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in lipopolysaccharide treated RAW264.7 cells. Histamine levels were assayed to evaluate the antiallergic effects on MC/9 cells stimulated with phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate and A23187. Finally, AI (10 mg/mouse/day) was topically applied onto the backs and ears of Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized Nc/Nga mice for four weeks. Results. Isochlorogenic acid A (20.63 ± 0.26 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (9.04 ± 0.08 mg/g), and scopoletin (8.23 ± 0.01 mg/g) were among the major components of AI. AI inhibited the NO and histamine productions in RAW264.7 and MC/9 cells, respectively. In the mice, the topical application of AI reduced the dermatitis scores in the dorsal skin and ears and reduced the plasma levels of IgE. Conclusions. These results suggest that AI might be explored as a potential therapeutic agent to treat AD, and that the analytic method using HPLC will facilitate the development of quality control for AI.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ha H, Lee H, Seo CS, Lim HS, Lee JK, Lee MY, Shin H. Artemisia capillaris inhibits atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized Nc/Nga mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:100. [PMID: 24624888 PMCID: PMC3995603 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Artemisia capillaries Thunb. (AC) has been used to treat inflammatory and hepatic disorders such as hepatic injury, hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis. However, the efficacy of AC against atopic dermatitis (AD), an inflammatory disease, has not been examined. In the present study, AC was evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anti-AD effects using both in vitro and in vivo systems. Methods The contents of six compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and scoparone) in AC were simultaneously assayed using HPLC system. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of AC, NO production was measured in RAW264.7 cell stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS. Histamine levels were assayed in MC/9 cells stimulated with 50 nM PMA and 1 μM A23187. To examine the role of AC in vivo, AC (10 mg/mouse/day) was topically applied for four weeks the back and ears of Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized Nc/Nga mice. Protopic ointment (0.1% tacrolimus) was used as a positive control. Results The contents of the six components in AC range from 0.44 to 43.14 mg/g. Chlorogenic acid (21.06 ± 0.08 mg/g) and isochlorogenic acid A (43.14 ± 0.12 mg/g) were major components in AC. AC inhibited NO and histamine production in cells respectively. In D. farinae-sensitized Nc/Nga mice, the topical application of AC reduced dermatitis scores, hemorrhage, hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis in the dorsal skin and ear. The treatment of AC also reduced the plasma levels of histamine (1.5 fold) and IgE (1.4 fold). Conclusions Our results suggest that AC should be explored as a potential therapeutic agent to treat atopic dermatitis and analysis by HPLC will help to improve the quality of AC.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wan XC, Dimov V. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of topical calcineurin inhibitors for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:543-9. [PMID: 24490943 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.884070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topical calcineurin (Cn) inhibitors delivered via ophthalmic drop is emerging as a potential treatment for severe, immune-mediated forms of allergic conjunctivitis, such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. AREAS COVERED This article is based on a comprehensive literature search, with information taken from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, treatment guidelines and clinical studies in children and adults. The articles that have been selected evaluate the use of topical Cn inhibitors and their role in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. EXPERT OPINION Ophthalmic topical Cn inhibitors have been shown to be safe for short-term use, with minimal systemic absorption and toxicity. For patients with severe, refractory forms of allergic conjunctivitis, topical Cn inhibitors offer a promising treatment option and an alternative to steroidal therapies. The safety profile and efficacy data for topical cyclosporine are more robust compared to that of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, although larger trials will be needed for all three agents. With more randomized controlled trials involving larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up to establish both efficacy and safety, ophthalmic Cn inhibitors offer exciting treatment possibilities for the prevention of morbidity associated with refractory allergic conjunctivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chloe Wan
- University of Chicago, Department of Internal Medicine , 5841 South Maryland Ave MC 7082, Chicago, IL 60637 , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, Boguniewicz M, Beck L, LeBovidge J, Novak N, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles S, Wallace D. Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:295-9.e1-27. [PMID: 23374261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. Published practice parameters of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters for Allergy & Immunology are available online at http://www.jcaai.org.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ucak H, Demir B, Cicek D, Dertlioglu SB, Akkurt ZM, Ucmak D, Halisdemir N. Efficacy of topical tacrolimus for the treatment of persistent pruritus ani in patients with atopic dermatitis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2013; 24:454-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2013.800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
39
|
Ma L, Wang X, Fu Z, Sun A, Gao B. Comparison of release and penetration of tacrolimus ointment reference and trial formulation after dermal application to pigs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1117-22. [PMID: 23657920 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Xiting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Zhengyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | - Aimin Sun
- Analytical and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Use of Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus in Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:308-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
Lan CCE, Fang AH, Wu PH, Wu CS. Tacrolimus abrogates TGF-β1-induced type I collagen production in normal human fibroblasts through suppressing p38MAPK signalling pathway: implications on treatment of chronic atopic dermatitis lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:204-15. [PMID: 23301526 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a commonly encountered inflammatory skin disease. Although acute lesions of acute AD are characterized by intense inflammation, the hallmarks of chronic AD lesions include lichenified fibrosis and thickening of the upper dermis. The increased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a well-known fibrogenic cytokine, is observed in chronic AD lesions. Tacrolimus (FK506) ointment has been reported to be effective for treating AD as well as some TGF-β1-induced fibrotic diseases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of tacrolimus on TGF-β1-stimulated cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts and explore the potential signalling pathways involved. METHODS Fibroblasts cultured from healthy adult human foreskins were treated with TGF-β1 with or without tacrolimus. The impact on cell viability and proliferation were assessed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and BrdU incorporation assay respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were performed to evaluate the relevant expressions of mRNA or proteins in fibroblasts. RESULTS Our results revealed that the increased expressions of transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and TGF-βRII in TGF-β1-treated fibroblasts were suppressed by tacrolimus treatment. In addition, tacrolimus significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation enhanced by TGF-β1. TGF-β1 increased type I collagen production, and this enhancing effect was suppressed by tacrolimus. The down-regulation of MMP-1 and up-regulation of TIMP-1 induced by TGF-β1 were reversed by tacrolimus. The increase in phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) expression stimulated by TGF-β1 was down-regulated by tacrolimus. Moreover, the fibroblasts treated with p38MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced type I collagen expression induced by TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated that tacrolimus significantly inhibited physiological functions of fibroblasts enhanced by TGF-β1 in vitro. Clinically, we propose that topical tacrolimus may not only reduce AD recurrence but also ameliorate dermal fibrosis often seen in chronic AD lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-C E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - A-H Fang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P-H Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-S Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ring J, Alomar A, Bieber T, Deleuran M, Fink-Wagner A, Gelmetti C, Gieler U, Lipozencic J, Luger T, Oranje AP, Schäfer T, Schwennesen T, Seidenari S, Simon D, Ständer S, Stingl G, Szalai S, Szepietowski JC, Taïeb A, Werfel T, Wollenberg A, Darsow U. Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 26:1045-60. [PMID: 22805051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The existing evidence for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis, AE) is evaluated using the national standard Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation. The consensus process consisted of a nominal group process and a DELPHI procedure. Management of AE must consider the individual symptomatic variability of the disease. Basic therapy is focused on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment based on topical glucocorticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) is used for exacerbation management and more recently for proactive therapy in selected cases. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy, but the TCI tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are preferred in certain locations. Systemic immune-suppressive treatment is an option for severe refractory cases. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce disease exacerbation and can justify additional antimicrobial treatment. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation preferably with UVA1 wavelength or UVB 311 nm. Dietary recommendations should be specific and given only in diagnosed individual food allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens may be useful in selected cases. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. 'Eczema school' educational programs have been proven to be helpful. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients need additional antipruritic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takeuchi S, Saeki H, Tokunaga S, Sugaya M, Ohmatsu H, Tsunemi Y, Torii H, Nakamura K, Kawakami T, Soma Y, Gyotoku E, Hide M, Sasaki R, Ohya Y, Kido M, Furue M. A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of topical tacrolimus for the treatment of pruritis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:144-50. [PMID: 22577263 PMCID: PMC3346903 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pruritis caused by atopic dermatitis (AD) is not always well controlled by topical corticosteroid therapy, but use of tacrolimus often helps to soothe such intractable pruritis in clinical settings. Objective To determine the anti-pruritic efficacy of topical tacrolimus in treating AD in induction and maintenance therapy. Methods Prior to the study, patients were randomly allocated into two groups, induction therapy followed by tacrolimus monotherapy maintenance, and induction therapy followed by emollient-only maintenance. In the induction therapy, the patients were allowed to use topical tacrolimus and emollients in addition to a low dose (<10 g/week) of topical steroids. Patients showing relief from pruritis were allowed to proceed to maintenance therapy. Recurrence of pruritis in maintenance therapy was examined as a major endpoint. Results Two-thirds of patients (44/68; 64.7%) showed relief from pruritis after induction therapy. Pruritis recurred in 23.8% (5/21) of the tacrolimus monotherapy group and in 100% (21/21) of the emollient group during maintenance period, a difference that was statistically significant. Conclusion Use of topical tacrolimus is effective in controlling pruritis of AD compared to emollient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Man W, Man M, Hupe M, Martin-Ezquerra G, Feingold KR, Elias PM, Man MQ. Topical herbal extract (Huangdang mixture) exhibits both preventive and therapeutic effects in murine acute irritant contact dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2012; 50:1421-1427. [PMID: 22004502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact dermatitises, including allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis, are among the most common skin disorders in humans. Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used in treating contact dermatitises for centuries. Systemic administration of CHM, including ingredients in huangdang mixture containing Chinese angelica, radix Paeonlae rubra, cat nut, and phelloden dron, rhizoma alismatis, rhizoma smilacis glabrae, and rhizome of swordlike, improves allergic contact dermatitis induced by l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Whether topical applications of these herbal extracts display preventive and/or therapeutic effects on contact dermatitis, thereby avoiding the potential side effects of systemic CHM, remains largely unknown. AIMS To determine whether this topical CHM extract exerts preventive and/or therapeutic effects, we assessed its efficacy in both allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis murine models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis murine models were established by topical oxazolone and a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA), respectively. Ear thickness was assessed in both dermatitis models. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that this topical CHM extract exhibits both therapeutic and preventive effects in acute irritant contact dermatitis but no demonstrable efficacy in murine allergic contact dermatitis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this topical CHM extract could provide an alternative regimen for the prevention and treatment of irritant contact dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Hong J, Buddenkotte J, Berger TG, Steinhoff M. Management of itch in atopic dermatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 30:71-86. [PMID: 21767767 DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common, pruritic, inflammatory skin disorder. Chronic, localized, or even generalized pruritus is the diagnostic hallmark of atopic dermatitis, and its management remains a challenge for physicians. The threshold for itch and alloknesis is markedly reduced in these patients, and infections can promote exacerbation and thereby increase the itch. Modern management consists of anti-inflammatory, occasionally antiseptic, as well as antipruritic therapies to address the epidermal barrier as well as immunomodulation or infection. Mild forms of atopic dermatitis may be controlled with topical therapies, but moderate-to-severe forms often require a combination of systemic treatments consisting of antipruritic and immunosuppressive drugs, phototherapy, and topical compounds. In addition, patient education and a therapeutic regimen to help the patient cope with the itch and eczema are important adjuvant strategies for optimized long-term management. This review highlights various topical, systemic, and complementary and alternative therapies, as well as provide a therapeutic ladder for optimized long-term control of itch in atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Itch, or pruritus, is the predominant symptom associated with acute and chronic cutaneous disease, and in some cases may be debilitating. To date, there is no single universally effective anti-itch treatment. Because the pathophysiology of itch in most cutaneous or systemic disorders remains unclear, antipruritic therapy is often directed against a variety of targets, including the epidermal barrier, immune system, or the nervous system. Topical therapy is the mainstay of dermatologic management of acute or localized itch or in patients with contraindications to systemic therapies. This review will summarize current topical therapies to treat pruritus and discuss potential future therapies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mandelin JM, Rubins A, Remitz A, Cirule K, Dickinson J, Ho V, Mäkelä MJ, Rubins S, Reitamo S, Undre N. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment in infants:* a two-year open-label study. Int J Dermatol 2011; 51:104-10. [PMID: 21923693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus ointment is effective for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged ≥2 years (Br J Dermatol, 2004; 150: 554). Here, efficacy and tolerability of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment were evaluated in 50 infants aged <2 years at start of treatment. METHODS Infants with AD previously enrolled in a tacrolimus ointment pharmacokinetics trial were eligible for a 24-month open-label phase II study. Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was applied to affected areas until clearance. In cases of exacerbation or clinical worsening, patients restarted treatment. RESULTS Mean ± SD Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score improved, from 11.2 ± 10.5 baseline to 2.6 ± 4.1 at endpoint (24 months); mean affected body surface area decreased from 25.2 ± 21.1% to 5.1 ± 9.0%, with improvement on all items of the Physicians' Assessment of Individual Signs. The Physicians' Global Evaluation of Clinical Response showed a result of "cleared"/"excellent" for 63.3% of patients; 85.7% of parents/guardians assessed symptoms as "much better." Treatment was well tolerated, with common, nonserious respiratory infections and gastroenteritis the most frequently reported adverse events. The most common application-site events were infections and pruritus. Over 98% of blood samples showed tacrolimus concentrations <1.0 ng/ml; >40% showed concentrations below the lower limit of quantification (0.0250 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS Over a period of two years, tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was associated with substantial clinical improvement of AD in infants aged <2 years. Treatment tolerability was similar to that seen in older children.
Collapse
|
49
|
Pople PV, Singh KK. Development and evaluation of colloidal modified nanolipid carrier: application to topical delivery of tacrolimus. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:82-94. [PMID: 21447390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low solubility of tacrolimus in carrier matrix and subsequent poor in vivo bioavailability was overcome by constructing modified nanolipid carrier (MNLC) as a novel approach. The aim of this study was to develop MNLC with enhanced drug solubility in carrier lipid matrix using lipophilic solubilizers for topical delivery. Comprehensive characterization of tacrolimus-loaded MNLC (T-MNLC) was carried out for particle size, morphology, and rheology. Lipid modification resulted in the formation of less perfect crystals offering space to accommodate the dissolved drug leading to high entrapment efficiency of 96.66%. Compatibility and mixing behavior of carrier constituents was evaluated using DSC, FT-IR, and (1)H NMR. T-MNLC displayed sufficient stability that could be attributed to possibility to reduce total lipid concentration in carrier. T-MNLC-enriched gels showed significantly higher in vitro drug release, skin permeation, and in vivo bioavailability with dermatopharmacokinetic approach in guinea pigs compared to commercial ointment, Protopic® as reference. Penetration-enhancing effect was confirmed using gamma scintigraphy in vivo in rats. Radioactivity remained localized in skin at the application site avoiding unnecessary biodisposition to other organs with prospective minimization of toxic effects. Skin irritation studies showed T-MNLC to be significantly less irritating than reference. Research work could be concluded as successful development of novel T-MNLC using lipophilic solubilizers to increase the encapsulation efficiency of colloidal lipid carriers with advantage of improved performance in terms of stability and skin localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi V Pople
- C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
IL-1α Stimulation Restores Epidermal Permeability and Antimicrobial Barriers Compromised by Topical Tacrolimus. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:698-705. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|