1
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Fischer M, Sammons MA. Determinants of p53 DNA binding, gene regulation, and cell fate decisions. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:836-843. [PMID: 38951700 PMCID: PMC11239874 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent to which transcription factors read and respond to specific information content within short DNA sequences remains an important question that the tumor suppressor p53 is helping us answer. We discuss recent insights into how local information content at p53 binding sites might control modes of p53 target gene activation and cell fate decisions. Significant prior work has yielded data supporting two potential models of how p53 determines cell fate through its target genes: a selective target gene binding and activation model and a p53 level threshold model. Both of these models largely revolve around an analogy of whether p53 is acting in a "smart" or "dumb" manner. Here, we synthesize recent and past studies on p53 decoding of DNA sequence, chromatin context, and cellular signaling cascades to elicit variable cell fates critical in human development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, The State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
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2
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Marques-Carvalho A, Silva B, Pereira FB, Kim HN, Almeida M, Sardão VA. Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: Effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14195. [PMID: 38519718 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency increases bone resorption, contributing to osteoporosis development. Yet, the mechanisms mediating the effects of oestrogen on osteoclasts remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the early metabolic alteration induced by RANKL, the essential cytokine in osteoclastogenesis and 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) on osteoclast progenitor cells, using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages as biological models. RESULTS This research demonstrated that, in osteoclast precursors, RANKL stimulates complex I activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondria-derived ATP production as early as 3 h of exposure. This effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics is associated with an increased capacity to oxidize TCA cycle substrates, fatty acids and amino acids. E2 inhibited all effects of RANKL on mitochondria metabolism. In the presence of RANKL, E2 also decreased cell number and stimulated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, detected as early as 3 h. Further, the pro-apoptotic effects of E2 during osteoclast differentiation were associated with an accumulation of p392S-p53 in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the early effects of RANKL on osteoclast progenitor metabolism and suggest novel p53-mediated mechanisms that contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Aging (MIA-Portugal), University of Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Pang D, Yu Y, Zhao B, Huang J, Cui Y, Li T, Li C, Shang H. The Long Non-Coding RNA NR3C2-8:1 Promotes p53-Mediated Apoptosis through the miR-129-5p/USP10 Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04059-x. [PMID: 38388775 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a form of apoptosis, but the mechanisms underlying this neuronal cell death remain unclear. Numerous studies demonstrate abnormally elevated and active p53 in the central nervous system of ALS patients. Activation of p53-regulated pro-apoptotic signaling pathways may trigger motor neuron death. We previously reported decreased expression of the long non-coding RNA NR3C2-8:1 (Lnc-NR3C) in leukocytes of ALS patients. Here, we show lnc-NR3C promotes p53-mediated cell death in ALS by upregulating USP10 and promoting lnc-NR3C-triggered p53 activation, resulting in cell death. Conversely, lnc-NR3C knockdown inhibited USP10-triggered p53 activation, thereby protecting cells against oxidative stress. As a competitive endogenous RNA, lnc-NR3C competitively binds miR-129-5p, regulating the usp10/p53 axis. Elucidating the link between Lnc-NR3C and the USP10/p53 axis in an ALS cell model reveals a role for long non-coding RNAs in activating apoptosis. This provides new therapeutic opportunities in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yujiao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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5
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Ikari N, Honjo K, Sagami Y, Nakamura Y, Arakawa H. Mieap forms membrane-less organelles involved in cardiolipin metabolism. iScience 2024; 27:108916. [PMID: 38322995 PMCID: PMC10845071 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates (BCs) are formed by proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) via liquid-liquid phase separation. Mieap/Spata18, a p53-inducible protein, participates in suppression of colorectal tumors by promoting mitochondrial quality control. However, the regulatory mechanism involved remains unclear. Here, we report that Mieap is an IDR-containing protein that drives formation of BCs involved in cardiolipin metabolism. Mieap BCs specifically phase separate the mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin. Mieap directly binds to cardiolipin in vitro. Lipidomic analysis of cardiolipin suggests that Mieap promotes enzymatic reactions in cardiolipin biosynthesis and remodeling. Accordingly, four cardiolipin biosynthetic enzymes, TAMM41, PGS1, PTPMT1, and CRLS1 and two remodeling enzymes, PLA2G6 and TAZ, are phase-separated by Mieap BCs. Mieap-deficient cells exhibit altered crista structure, leading to decreased respiration activity and ATP production in mitochondria. These results suggest that Mieap may form membrane-less organelles to compartmentalize and facilitate cardiolipin metabolism, thus potentially contributing to mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuko Honjo
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Sagami
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arakawa
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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6
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Singh AK, Yadav D, Malviya R. Splicing DNA Damage Adaptations for the Management of Cancer Cells. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:135-146. [PMID: 38282448 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232258528231018113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining a tumour cell's resistance to apoptosis (organized cell death) is essential for cancer to metastasize. Signal molecules play a critical function in the tightly regulated apoptotic process. Apoptosis may be triggered by a wide variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage, but its ultimate goal is always the same: the removal of damaged cells that might otherwise develop into tumours. Many chemotherapy drugs rely on cancer cells being able to undergo apoptosis as a means of killing them. The mechanisms by which DNA-damaging agents trigger apoptosis, the interplay between pro- and apoptosis-inducing signals, and the potential for alteration of these pathways in cancer are the primary topics of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Zhou Y, Nakajima R, Shirasawa M, Fikriyanti M, Zhao L, Iwanaga R, Bradford AP, Kurayoshi K, Araki K, Ohtani K. Expanding Roles of the E2F-RB-p53 Pathway in Tumor Suppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1511. [PMID: 38132337 PMCID: PMC10740672 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F links the RB pathway to the p53 pathway upon loss of function of pRB, thereby playing a pivotal role in the suppression of tumorigenesis. E2F fulfills a major role in cell proliferation by controlling a variety of growth-associated genes. The activity of E2F is controlled by the tumor suppressor pRB, which binds to E2F and actively suppresses target gene expression, thereby restraining cell proliferation. Signaling pathways originating from growth stimulative and growth suppressive signals converge on pRB (the RB pathway) to regulate E2F activity. In most cancers, the function of pRB is compromised by oncogenic mutations, and E2F activity is enhanced, thereby facilitating cell proliferation to promote tumorigenesis. Upon such events, E2F activates the Arf tumor suppressor gene, leading to activation of the tumor suppressor p53 to protect cells from tumorigenesis. ARF inactivates MDM2, which facilitates degradation of p53 through proteasome by ubiquitination (the p53 pathway). P53 suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis. Hence, in almost all cancers, the p53 pathway is also disabled. Here we will introduce the canonical functions of the RB-E2F-p53 pathway first and then the non-classical functions of each component, which may be relevant to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rinka Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mashiro Shirasawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mariana Fikriyanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Keigo Araki
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; (Y.Z.); (R.N.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (L.Z.)
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8
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Safieh J, Chazan A, Saleem H, Vyas P, Danin-Poleg Y, Ron D, Haran TE. A molecular mechanism for the "digital" response of p53 to stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305713120. [PMID: 38015851 PMCID: PMC10710088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305713120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 accumulates in response to cellular stress and consequently orchestrates the expression of multiple genes in a p53-level and time-dependent manner to overcome stress consequences, for which a molecular mechanism is currently unknown. Previously, we reported that DNA torsional flexibility distinguishes among p53 response elements (REs) and that transactivation at basal p53 levels is correlated with p53 REs flexibility. Here, we calculated the flexibility of ~200 p53 REs. By connecting functional outcomes of p53-target genes' activation to the calculated flexibility of their REs, we show that genes known to belong to pathways that are activated rapidly upon stress contain REs that are significantly more flexible relative to REs of genes known to be involved in pathways that are activated later in the response to stress. The global structural properties of several p53 REs belonging to different pathways were experimentally validated. Additionally, reporter-gene expression driven by flexible p53 REs occurred at lower p53 levels and with faster rates than expression from rigid REs. Furthermore, analysis of published endogenous mRNA levels of p53-target genes as a function of REs' flexibility showed that early versus late genes differ significantly in their flexibility properties of their REs and that highly flexible p53 REs enable high-activation level exclusively to early-response genes. Overall, we demonstrate that DNA flexibility of p53 REs contributes significantly to functional selectivity in the p53 system by facilitating the initial steps of p53-dependent target-genes expression, thereby contributing to survival versus death decisions in the p53 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Safieh
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Ariel Chazan
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Hanna Saleem
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Pratik Vyas
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Dina Ron
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Tali E. Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
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9
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Wu YQ, Zhang CS, Xiong J, Cai DQ, Wang CZ, Wang Y, Liu YH, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Wu J, Lan B, Wang X, Chen S, Cao X, Wei X, Hu HH, Guo H, Yu Y, Ghafoor A, Xie C, Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhang C, Zhu M, Huang X, Sun X, Lin SY, Piao HL, Zhou J, Lin SC. Low glucose metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate switches PHGDH from serine synthesis to p53 activation to control cell fate. Cell Res 2023; 33:835-850. [PMID: 37726403 PMCID: PMC10624847 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic intermediary metabolites such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate can serve as signals, controlling metabolic states beyond energy metabolism. However, whether glycolytic metabolites also play a role in controlling cell fate remains unexplored. Here, we find that low levels of glycolytic metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) can switch phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) from cataplerosis serine synthesis to pro-apoptotic activation of p53. PHGDH is a p53-binding protein, and when unoccupied by 3-PGA interacts with the scaffold protein AXIN in complex with the kinase HIPK2, both of which are also p53-binding proteins. This leads to the formation of a multivalent p53-binding complex that allows HIPK2 to specifically phosphorylate p53-Ser46 and thereby promote apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that PHGDH mutants (R135W and V261M) that are constitutively bound to 3-PGA abolish p53 activation even under low glucose conditions, while the mutants (T57A and T78A) unable to bind 3-PGA cause constitutive p53 activation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, even in the presence of high glucose. In vivo, PHGDH-T57A induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse HCC, whereas PHGDH-R135W prevents apoptosis and promotes HCC growth, and knockout of Trp53 abolishes these effects above. Importantly, caloric restriction that lowers whole-body glucose levels can impede HCC growth dependent on PHGDH. Together, these results unveil a mechanism by which glucose availability autonomously controls p53 activity, providing a new paradigm of cell fate control by metabolic substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinye Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Qi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianglei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zheni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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10
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Ji P, Zhang G, Guo Y, Song H, Yuan X, Hu X, Guo Z, Xia P, Shen R, Wang D. Protein crotonylation: An emerging regulator in DNA damage response. Life Sci 2023; 331:122059. [PMID: 37652154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage caused by internal or external factors lead to increased genomic instability and various diseases. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial mechanism that maintaining genomic stability through detecting and repairing DNA damage timely. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play significant roles in regulation of DDR. Among the present PTMs, crotonylation has emerged as a novel identified modification that is involved in a wide range of biological processes including gene expression, spermatogenesis, cell cycle, and the development of diverse diseases. In the past decade, numerous crotonylation sites have been identified in histone and non-histone proteins, leading to a more comprehensive and deep understanding of the function and mechanisms in protein crotonylation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms of protein crotonylation and the effect of crotonylation in DDR. Furthermore, the effect of protein crotonylation in tumor development and progression is presented, to inspire and explore the novel strategies for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ji
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Guokun Zhang
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Haoyun Song
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Zhao Guo
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Peng Xia
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Rong Shen
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Degui Wang
- School of basic medical sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of diagnosis and therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.
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11
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Nakvasina M, Holyavka M, Artyukhov V, Radchenko M, Lidokhova O. Mechanisms of UV-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1257-1267. [PMID: 37974997 PMCID: PMC10643441 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the results of the studies of marker parameters (indicators) of various pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis of lymphocytes in donor peripheral blood induced by UV light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151, 1510, and 3020 J/m2. The article analyses the processes of DNA fragmentation, distortion of the structural asymmetry of the cell membranes, changes in the degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks), transcriptional factor р53, cytochrome с, Fas receptors (CD95), caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, reactive oxygen species, and calcium ions in UV modified cells. The study determined that programmed cell death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation with 1510 J/m2 involves the р53-dependent pathway of the nuclear mechanism, as well as receptor-mediated caspase mechanism, mitochondrial mechanism, and the mechanism associated with the defects in calcium homeostasis. Cell death is mediated by reactive oxygen and calcium ions. The article suggests a scheme of possible intracellular events resulting in the apoptotic death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M.S. Radchenko
- Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, 394036 Russia
| | - O.V. Lidokhova
- Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, 394036 Russia
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12
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Menghini S, Vizovisek M, Enders J, Schuerle S. Magnetospirillum magneticum triggers apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 37559137 PMCID: PMC10410830 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteria in cancer immunotherapy has the potential to bypass many shortcomings of conventional treatments. The ability of anaerobic bacteria to preferentially accumulate and replicate in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, as a consequence of bacterial metabolic needs, is particularly advantageous and key to boosting their immunostimulatory therapeutic actions in situ. While several of these bacterial traits are well-studied, little is known about their competition for nutrients and its effect on cancer cells which could serve as another potent and innate antineoplastic action. Here, we explored the consequences of the iron-scavenging abilities of a particular species of bacteria, Magnetospirillum magneticum, which has been studied as a potential new class of bacteria for magnetically targeted bacterial cancer therapy. We investigated their influence in hypoxic regions of solid tumors by studying the consequential metabolic effects exerted on cancer cells. To do so, we established an in vitro co-culture system consisting of the bacterial strain AMB-1 incubated under hypoxic conditions with human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. We first quantified the number of viable cells after incubation with magnetotactic bacteria demonstrating a lower rate of cellular proliferation that correlated with increasing bacteria-to-cancer cells ratio. Further experiments showed increasing populations of apoptotic cells when cancer cells were incubated with AMB-1 over a period of 24 h. Analysis of the metabolic effects induced by bacteria suggest an increase in the activation of executioner caspases as well as changes in levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Finally, the level of several human apoptosis-related proteins was investigated, confirming a bacteria-dependent triggering of apoptotic pathways in breast cancer cells. Overall, our findings support that magnetotactic bacteria could act as self-replicating iron-chelating agents and indicate that they interfere with proliferation and lead to increased apoptosis of cancer cells. This bacterial feature could serve as an additional antineoplastic mechanism to reinforce current bacterial cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menghini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Vizovisek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathas Enders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Shen J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e288. [PMID: 37256211 PMCID: PMC10225743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted therapy of the p53 signaling pathway is still in its early stages and only a few drugs or treatments have entered clinical trials, the development of new drugs and ongoing clinical trials are expected to lead to the widespread use of p53 signaling-targeted therapy in cancer treatment in the future. TRIAP1 is a novel p53 downstream inhibitor of apoptosis. TRIAP1 is the homolog of yeast mitochondrial intermembrane protein MDM35, which can play a tumor-promoting role by blocking the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work provides a systematic overview of recent basic research and clinical progress in the p53 signaling pathway and proposes that TRIAP1 is an important therapeutic target downstream of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yunan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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14
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Ikari N, Arakawa H. Identification of a mitochondrial targeting sequence in cathepsin D and its localization in mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 655:25-34. [PMID: 36921448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CTSD) is a major lysosomal protease harboring an N-terminal signal peptide (amino acids 1-20) to enable vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes. Here, we report the possibility of a mitochondrial targeting sequence and mitochondrial localization of CTSD in cells. Live-cell imaging analysis with C-terminal enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged CTSD (EGFP-CTSD) indicated that CTSD localizes to mitochondria. CTSD amino acids 21-35 are responsible for its mitochondrial localization, which exhibit typical features of mitochondrial targeting sequences, and are evolutionarily conserved. A proteinase K protection assay and sucrose gradient analysis showed that a small population of endogenous CTSD molecules exists in mitochondria. These results suggest that CTSD is a dual-targeted protein that may localize in both lysosomes and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arakawa
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Chen Q, Wu Y, Dai Z, Zhang Z, Yang X. Phosphorylation and specific DNA improved the incorporation ability of p53 into functional condensates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123221. [PMID: 36634798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 acted as a critical tumor suppressor by activating the expression of various target genes to regulate diverse cellular responses. The phosphorylation of p53 influenced the binding of p53 to promotor-specific DNA and the choice of cell fate. In this study, we found that full-length wild-type p53 and pol II CTD could form heterotypic phase separation condensates in vitro. The heterotypic condensates of p53 and pol II CTD were mediated by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between pol II CTD and multiple domains of p53. The mobility of heterotypic p53 and pol II CTD droplets was significantly higher than that of p53 droplet. The phosphorylation promoted p53 to be recruited into pol II CTD droplets and transcription condensates. The specific DNA could further enhance the incorporation ability of p53 into functional condensates. Therefore, we proposed that the p53 droplet might be in a mediate state, the mutations resulting in p53 mutants with gain-of-function impelled the aggregate of p53, while the phosphorylation promoted p53 to be recruited into functional condensates as a client molecule to exert its function. This study might provide insights into the regulation mechanism that the phosphorylation and nuclei acid affected the phase behavior of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- College of life sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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16
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Mansour HM, Mohamed AF, El-Khatib AS, Khattab MM. Kinases control of regulated cell death revealing druggable targets for Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101841. [PMID: 36608709 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Motor impairment seen in PD is associated with dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum, and dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Cell death has a significant effect on the development and progression of PD. Extensive research over the last few decades has unveiled new regulated cell death (RCD) mechanisms that are not dependent on apoptosis such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. In this review, we will overview the mechanistic pathways of different types of RCD. Unlike accidental cell death, RCD subroutines can be regulated and the RCD-associated kinases are potential druggable targets. Hence, we will address an overview and analysis of different kinases regulating apoptosis such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK-1), RIPK3, mixed lineage kinase (MLK), Ataxia telangiectasia muted (ATM), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), Apoptosis-signaling kinase-1 (ASK-1), and Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2). In addition to the role of RIPK1, RIPK3, and Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain like Pseudokinase (MLKL) in necroptosis. We also overview functions of AMP-kinase (AMPK), protein kinase C (PKC), RIPK3, and ATM in ferroptosis. We will recap the anti-apoptotic, anti-necroptotic, and anti-ferroptotic effects of different kinase inhibitors in different models of PD. Finally, we will discuss future challenges in the repositioning of kinase inhibitors in PD. In conclusion, this review kicks-start targeting RCD from a kinases perspective, opening novel therapeutic disease-modifying therapeutic avenues for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Egyptian Drug Authority, EDA, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Molecular Aspects of Hypoxic Stress Effects in Chronic Ethanol Exposure of Neuronal Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1655-1680. [PMID: 36826052 PMCID: PMC9955714 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of a clinical, pathophysiological context are used to understand molecular mechanisms and develop novel therapies. Previous studies revealed better outcomes for spinal cord injury chronic ethanol-consuming patients. This study evaluated cellular and molecular changes in a model mimicking spinal cord injury (hypoxic stress induced by treatment with deferoxamine or cobalt chloride) in chronic ethanol-consuming patients (ethanol-exposed neural cultures (SK-N-SH)) in order to explain the clinical paradigm of better outcomes for spinal cord injury chronic ethanol-consuming patients. The results show that long-term ethanol exposure has a cytotoxic effect, inducing apoptosis. At 24 h after the induction of hypoxic stress (by deferoxamine or cobalt chloride treatments), reduced ROS in long-term ethanol-exposed SK-N-SH cells was observed, which might be due to an adaptation to stressful conditions. In addition, the HIF-1α protein level was increased after hypoxic treatment of long-term ethanol-exposed cells, inducing fluctuations in its target metabolic enzymes proportionally with treatment intensity. The wound healing assay demonstrated that the cells recovered after stress conditions, showing that the ethanol-exposed cells that passed the acute step had the same proliferation profile as the cells unexposed to ethanol. Deferoxamine-treated cells displayed higher proliferative activity than the control cells in the proliferation-migration assay, emphasizing the neuroprotective effect. Cells have overcome the critical point of the alcohol-induced traumatic impact and adapted to ethanol (a chronic phenomenon), sustaining the regeneration process. However, further experiments are needed to ensure recovery efficiency is more effective in chronic ethanol exposure.
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18
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Meng F, Ke J, Li J, Zhao C, Yan J, Wang L. A deuterohemin peptide protects cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by preventing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113432. [PMID: 36442518 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a brain injury that usually occurs during thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke and impacts human health. Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors of CIRI. DhHP-3 is a novel peroxidase-mimicking enzyme that exhibits robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability in vitro. Here, we established in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion to mechanistically investigate whether DhHP-3 can alleviate CIRI. DhHP-3 could reduce ROS, down-regulate apoptotic proteins, suppress p53 phosphorylation, attenuate the DNA damage response (DDR), and inhibit apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) and in the brain of Sprague Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In conclusion, DhHP-3 has bioactivity of CIRI inhibition through suppression of the ROS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junfeng Ke
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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19
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Conte A, Valente V, Paladino S, Pierantoni GM. HIPK2 in cancer biology and therapy: Recent findings and future perspectives. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110491. [PMID: 36241057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates and regulates a plethora of transcriptional regulators and chromatin modifiers. The heterogeneity of its interactome allows HIPK2 to modulate several cellular processes and signaling pathways, ultimately regulating cell fate and proliferation. Because of its p53-dependent pro-apoptotic activity and its downregulation in many tumor types, HIPK2 is traditionally considered a bone fide tumor suppressor gene. However, recent findings revealed that the role of HIPK2 in the pathogenesis of cancer is much more complex, ranging from tumor suppressive to oncogenic, strongly depending on the cellular context. Here, we review the very recent data emerged in the last years about the involvement of HIPK2 in cancer biology and therapy, highlighting the various alterations of this kinase (downregulation, upregulation, mutations and/or delocalization) in dependence on the cancer types. In addition, we discuss the recent advancement in the understanding the tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions of HIPK2, its role in establishing the response to cancer therapies, and its regulation by cancer-associated microRNAs. All these data strengthen the idea that HIPK2 is a key player in many types of cancer; therefore, it could represent an important prognostic marker, a factor to predict therapy response, and even a therapeutic target itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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20
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Hanson RL, Batchelor E. Coordination of MAPK and p53 dynamics in the cellular responses to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e11401. [PMID: 36472304 PMCID: PMC9724178 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to different cellular stresses, the transcription factor p53 undergoes different dynamics. p53 dynamics, in turn, control cell fate. However, distinct stresses can generate the same p53 dynamics but different cell fate outcomes, suggesting integration of dynamic information from other pathways is important for cell fate regulation. To determine how MAPK activities affect p53-mediated responses to DNA breaks and oxidative stress, we simultaneously tracked p53 and either ERK, JNK, or p38 activities in single cells. While p53 dynamics were comparable between the stresses, cell fate outcomes were distinct. Combining MAPK dynamics with p53 dynamics was important for distinguishing between the stresses and for generating temporal ordering of cell fate pathways. Furthermore, cross-talk between MAPKs and p53 controlled the balance between proliferation and cell death. These findings provide insight into how cells integrate signaling pathways with distinct temporal patterns of activity to encode stress specificity and drive different cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hanson
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA,Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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21
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Okuda M, Tsunaka Y, Nishimura Y. Dynamic structures of intrinsically disordered proteins related to the general transcription factor TFIIH, nucleosomes, and histone chaperones. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1449-1472. [PMID: 36659983 PMCID: PMC9842849 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in structural analysis by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography have revealed the tertiary structures of various chromatin-related proteins, including transcription factors, RNA polymerases, nucleosomes, and histone chaperones; however, the dynamic structures of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in these proteins remain elusive. Recent studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, are beginning to reveal dynamic structures of the general transcription factor TFIIH complexed with target proteins including the general transcription factor TFIIE, the tumor suppressor p53, the cell cycle protein DP1, the DNA repair factors XPC and UVSSA, and three RNA polymerases, in addition to the dynamics of histone tails in nucleosomes and histone chaperones. In complexes of TFIIH, the PH domain of the p62 subunit binds to an acidic string formed by the IDR in TFIIE, p53, XPC, UVSSA, DP1, and the RPB6 subunit of three RNA polymerases by a common interaction mode, namely extended string-like binding of the IDR on the positively charged surface of the PH domain. In the nucleosome, the dynamic conformations of the N-tails of histones H2A and H2B are correlated, while the dynamic conformations of the N-tails of H3 and H4 form a histone tail network dependent on their modifications and linker DNA. The acidic IDRs of the histone chaperones of FACT and NAP1 play important roles in regulating the accessibility to histone proteins in the nucleosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Okuda
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsunaka
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528 Japan
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22
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Yu S, Ji G, Zhang L. The role of p53 in liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057829. [PMID: 36353498 PMCID: PMC9637836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is the central hub of a molecular network, which controls cell proliferation and death, and also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. The abundant post-translational processing and modification endow the functional diversity of p53. Considering the relationship between p53 and liver fibrosis, drug intervention targeting p53 or management of p53 regulation might be effective strategies to treat liver fibrosis. Here, we systematically discuss the regulation of p53 in different liver cells (hepatocytes, immune cells, HSCs, etc) and the role of p53 in the development of liver fibrosis, and propose possible interventions to prevent the pathogenic processes of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Acharya N, Singh KP. Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1575. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Acharya
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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24
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Hong YH, Aziz N, Park JG, Lee D, Kim JK, Kim SA, Choi W, Lee CY, Lee HP, Huyen Trang HT, Kim HG, Jeon YJ, Kim B, Kim Y, Kim KH, Yoo BC, Han JW, Parameswaran N, Kim JH, Hur H, Cho JY. Running title: EEF1AKMT3/MAP2K7/TP53 axis in gastric cancerThe EEF1AKMT3/MAP2K7/TP53 axis suppresses tumor invasiveness and metastasis in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215803. [PMID: 35753528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of methylation in the tumorigenic responses of nonhistone proteins, such as TP53, PTEN, RB1, AKT, and STAT3, has been emphasized in numerous studies. In parallel, the corresponding nonhistone protein methyltransferases have been acknowledged in the pathophysiology of cancer. Thus, this study aimed to explore the pathological role of a nonhistone methyltransferase in gastric cancer (GC), identify nonhistone substrate protein, and understand the underlying mechanism. Interestingly, among the 24 methyltransferases and methyltransferase family 16 (MTF16) proteins, EEF1AKMT3 (METTL21B) expression was prominently lower in GC tissues than in normal adjacent tissues and was associated with a worse prognosis. In addition, EEF1AKMT3-knockdown induced gastric tumor invasiveness and migration. Through gain and loss-of-function studies, mass spectrometry analysis, RNA-seq, and phospho-antibody array, we identified EEF1AKMT3 as a novel tumor-suppressive methyltransferase that catalyzes the monomethylation of MAP2K7 (MKK7) at K296, thereby decreasing the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of TP53. Furthermore, EEF1AKMT3, p-MAP2K7, and TP53 protein levels were positively correlated in GC tissues. Collectively, our results delineate the tumor-suppressive function of the EEF1AKMT3/MAP2K7/TP53 signaling axis and suggest the dysregulation of the signaling axis as potential targeted therapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dagyeong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, And Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung A Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Thi Huyen Trang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Proteomic Analysis Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Narayana Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, And Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Bär SI, Dittmer A, Nitzsche B, Ter-Avetisyan G, Fähling M, Klefenz A, Kaps L, Biersack B, Schobert R, Höpfner M. Chimeric HDAC and the cytoskeleton inhibitor broxbam as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:73. [PMID: 35485292 PMCID: PMC9097774 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broxbam, also known as N-hydroxy-4-{1-methoxy-4-[4′-(3′-bromo-4′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-oxazol-5′-yl]-2-phenoxy} butanamide, is a novel chimeric inhibitor that contains two distinct pharmacophores in its molecular structure. It has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and tubulin polymerisation, two critical components required for cancer growth and survival. In the present study, the potential suitability of broxbam for the treatment of liver cancer was investigated. The effects of broxbam on cell proliferation and apoptosis, in addition to the under-lying molecular mechanism of action, were first investigated in primary liver cancer cell lines Huh7, HepG2, TFK1 and EGI1. Real-time proliferation measurements made using the iCEL-Ligence system and viable cell number counting following crystal violet staining) revealed that broxbam time- and dose-dependently reduced the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines with IC50 values <1 µM. In addition, a significant inhibition of the growth of hepatoblastoma microtumours on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of fertilised chicken eggs by broxbam was observed according to results from the CAM assay, suggesting antineoplastic potency in vivo. Broxbam also exerted apoptotic effects through p53- and mitochondria-driven caspase-3 activation in Huh7 and HepG2 cells according to data from western blotting (p53 and phosphorylated p53), mitochondrial membrane potential measurements (JC-1 assay) and fluorometric capsase-3 measurements. Notably, no contribution of unspecific cytotoxic effects mediated by broxbam were observed from LDH-release measurements. HDAC1, -2, -4 and -6 expression was measured by western blotting and the HDAC inhibitory potency of broxbam was next evaluated using subtype-specific HDAC enzymatic assays, which revealed a largely pan-HDAC inhibitory activity with the most potent inhibition observed on HDAC6. Silencing HDAC6 expression in Huh7 cells led to a drop in the expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and E2F3, suggesting that HDAC6 inhibition by broxbam may serve a predomi-nant role in their antiproliferative effects on liver cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining of cytoskeletal proteins (α-tubulin & actin) of broxbam-treated HepG2 cells revealed a pronounced inhibition of tubulin polymerisation, which was accompanied by reduced cell migration as determined by wound healing scratch assays. Finally, data from zebrafish angiogenesis assays revealed marked antiangiogenic effects of broxbam in vivo, as shown by the suppression of subintestinal vein growth in zebrafish embryos. To conclude, the pleiotropic anticancer activities of this novel chimeric HDAC- and tubulin inhibitor broxbam suggest that this compound is a promising candidate for liver cancer treatment, which warrants further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Isolde Bär
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gohar Ter-Avetisyan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Klefenz
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Ceramide-induced integrated stress response overcomes Bcl-2 inhibitor resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:3737-3751. [PMID: 35443029 PMCID: PMC9642852 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cellular ceramide levels in AML activates protein kinase R
to induce the integrated stress response. The ISR induces the BH3-only protein Noxa, causing degradation of
Mcl-1 and sensitization of AML to Bcl-2 inhibition.
Inducing cell death by the sphingolipid ceramide is a potential anticancer
strategy, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study,
triggering an accumulation of ceramide in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by
inhibition of sphingosine kinase induced an apoptotic integrated stress response
(ISR) through protein kinase R–mediated activation of the master
transcription factor ATF4. This effect led to transcription of the BH3-only
protein Noxa and degradation of the prosurvival Mcl-1 protein on which AML cells
are highly dependent for survival. Targeting this novel ISR pathway, in
combination with the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, synergistically killed primary
AML blasts, including those with venetoclax-resistant mutations, as well as
immunophenotypic leukemic stem cells, and reduced leukemic engraftment in
patient-derived AML xenografts. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic
insight into the anticancer effects of ceramide and preclinical evidence for new
approaches to augment Bcl-2 inhibition in the therapy of AML and other cancers
with high Mcl-1 dependency.
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27
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Sahabi S, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Zarghami N. A new insight into cell biological and biochemical changes through aging. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151841. [PMID: 34995929 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
After several years of extensive research, the main cause of aging is yet elusive. There are some theories about aging, such as stem cell aging, senescent cells accumulation, and neuro-endocrine theories. None of them is able to explain all changes that happen in cells and body through aging. By finding out the main cause of aging, it will be much easier to control, prevent and even reverse the aging process. Our cells, regardless of their replicative capacity, get old through aging and they have almost the same epigenetic age. Different cell signaling pathways contribute to aging. The most important one is mTORC1 that becomes hyperactive in cells that undergo aging. Other significant changes with age are lysosome accumulation, impaired autophagy, and mitophagy. Immune system undergoes gradual changes through aging including a shift from lymphoid to myeloid lineage production as well as increased IL-6 and TNF-α which lead to age-related weight loss and meta-inflammation. Additionally, our endocrine system also experiences some changes that should be taken into consideration when looking for the main cause of aging in the human body. In this review, we planned to summarize some of the changes that happen in cells and the body through aging.
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28
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The Combination of AHCC and ETAS Decreases Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells, and Reduces the Expression of LGR5 and Notch1 Genes in Cancer Stem Cells: A Novel Potential Approach for Integrative Medicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121325. [PMID: 34959725 PMCID: PMC8705140 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The AHCC standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, and the standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem, trademarked as ETAS, are well known supplements with immunomodulatory and anticancer potential. Several reports have described their therapeutic effects, including antioxidant and anticancer activity and improvement of immune response. In this study we aimed at investigating the effects of a combination of AHCC and ETAS on colorectal cancer cells and biopsies from healthy donors to assess the possible use in patients with colorectal cancer. Our results showed that the combination of AHCC and ETAS was synergistic in inducing a significant decrease in cancer cell growth, compared with single agents. Moreover, the combined treatment induced a significant increase in apoptosis, sparing colonocytes from healthy donors, and was able to induce a strong reduction in migration potential, accompanied by a significant modulation of proteins involved in invasiveness. Finally, combined treatment was able to significantly downregulate LGR5 and Notch1 in SW620 cancer stem cell (CSC) colonospheres. Overall, these findings support the potential therapeutic benefits of the AHCC and ETAS combinatorial treatment for patients with colorectal cancer.
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29
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Visser H, Thomas AD. MicroRNAs and the DNA damage response: How is cell fate determined? DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103245. [PMID: 34773895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that the DNA damage response orchestrates an appropriate response to a given level of DNA damage, whether that is cell cycle arrest and repair, senescence or apoptosis. It is plausible that the alternative regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) plays a role in deciding cell fate following damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the transcriptional regulation of many cellular processes. They have diverse functions, affecting, presumably, all aspects of cell biology. Many have been shown to be DNA damage inducible and it is conceivable that miRNA species play a role in deciding cell fate following DNA damage by regulating the expression and activation of key DDR proteins. From a clinical perspective, miRNAs are attractive targets to improve cancer patient outcomes to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. However, cancer tissue is known to be, or to become, well adapted to DNA damage as a means of inducing chemoresistance. This frequently results from an altered DDR, possibly owing to miRNA dysregulation. Though many studies provide an overview of miRNAs that are dysregulated within cancerous tissues, a tangible, functional association is often lacking. While miRNAs are well-documented in 'ectopic biology', the physiological significance of endogenous miRNAs in the context of the DDR requires clarification. This review discusses miRNAs of biological relevance and their role in DNA damage response by potentially 'fine-tuning' the DDR towards a particular cell fate in response to DNA damage. MiRNAs are thus potential therapeutic targets/strategies to limit chemoresistance, or improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig Visser
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Thomas
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
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30
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Aki T, Uemura K. Cell Death and Survival Pathways Involving ATM Protein Kinase. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101581. [PMID: 34680975 PMCID: PMC8535589 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is the ultimate form of cellular dysfunction, and is induced by a wide range of stresses including genotoxic stresses. During genotoxic stress, two opposite cellular reactions, cellular protection through DNA repair and elimination of damaged cells by the induction of cell death, can occur in both separate and simultaneous manners. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase (hereafter referred to as ATM) is a protein kinase that plays central roles in the induction of cell death during genotoxic stresses. It has long been considered that ATM mediates DNA damage-induced cell death through inducing apoptosis. However, recent research progress in cell death modality is now revealing ATM-dependent cell death pathways that consist of not only apoptosis but also necroptosis, ferroptosis, and dysfunction of autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism. In this short review, we intend to provide a brief outline of cell death mechanisms in which ATM is involved, with emphasis on pathways other than apoptosis.
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31
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Leischner C, Burkard M, Michel A, Berchtold S, Niessner H, Marongiu L, Busch C, Frank J, Lauer UM, Venturelli S. Comparative Analysis of the Antitumor Activity of Cis- and Trans-Resveratrol in Human Cancer Cells with Different p53 Status. Molecules 2021; 26:5586. [PMID: 34577057 PMCID: PMC8466563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural plant phytoalexin, is produced in response to fungal infection or- UV irradiation. It exists as an isomeric pair with cis- and trans-conformation. Whereas multiple physiological effects of the trans-form, including a pronounced anti-tumoral activity, are nowadays elucidated, much less knowledge exists concerning the cis-isomer. In our work, we analyzed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of cis-resveratrol in four different human tumor entities in direct comparison to trans-resveratrol. We used human cell lines as tumor models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; HepG2, Hep3B), colon carcinoma (HCT-116, HCT-116/p53(-/-)), pancreatic carcinoma (Capan-2, MiaPaCa-2), and renal cell carcinoma (A498, SN12C). Increased cytotoxicity in all investigated tumor cells was observed for the trans-isomer. To verify possible effects of the tumor suppressor p53 on resveratrol-induced cell death, we used wild type and p53-deleted or -mutated cell lines for every tested tumor entity. Applying viability and cytotoxicity assays, we demonstrated a differential, dose-dependent sensitivity towards cis- or trans-resveratrol among the respective tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leischner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Anja Michel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Susanne Berchtold
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.B.); (U.M.L.)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.B.); (U.M.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (H.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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32
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Zhang JJ, Zhou YD, Liu YB, Wang JQ, Li KK, Gong XJ, Lin XH, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Protective Effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity via PI3K/AKT and NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathways Based on the Premise of Ensuring Anticancer Effect. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1739-1756. [PMID: 34461812 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the protective effect of ginsenoside on cisplatin-induced renal injury has been extensively studied, whether ginsenoside interferes with the antitumor effect of cisplatin has not been confirmed. In this paper, we verified the main molecular mechanism of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (R-Rg3) antagonizing cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) through the combination of in vivo and in vitro models. It is worth mentioning that the two cell models of HK-2 and HepG2 were used simultaneously for the first time to explore the effect of the activation site of tumor-associated protein p53 on apoptosis and tumor suppression. The results showed that a single injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) led to weight loss, the kidney index of the mice increased, and creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in mice sharply increased. Continuous administration of R-Rg3 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 10 days could significantly alleviate this symptom. Similarly, R-Rg3 treatment reduced oxidative stress damage caused by cisplatin. Moreover, R-Rg3 could observably reduce the apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration of renal tubular cells induced by cisplatin. We used western blotting analysis to demonstrate that R-Rg3 restored cisplatin-induced AKI might be related to PI3K/AKT and NF-[Formula: see text]B mediated apoptosis and inflammation pathways. In the meantime, we also verified that R-Rg3 could activate different sites of p53 to control renal cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin without affecting its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Bo Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Lin
- Liaoning XIFENG Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Huanren 117200, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
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EphB4 as a Novel Target for the EGFR-Independent Suppressive Effects of Osimertinib on Cell Cycle Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168522. [PMID: 34445227 PMCID: PMC8395224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is the latest generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to explore the novel mechanisms of osimertinib by particularly focusing on EGFR-independent effects, which have not been well characterized. We explored the EGFR-independent effects of osimertinib on cell proliferation using NSCLC cell lines, an antibody array analysis, and the association between the action of osimertinib and the ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4). We also studied the clinicopathological significance of EphB4 in 84 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Osimertinib exerted significant inhibitory effects on cell growth and cell cycle progression by promoting the phosphorylation of p53 and p21 and decreasing cyclin D1 expression independently of EGFR. EphB4 was significantly suppressed by osimertinib and promoted cell growth and sensitivity to osimertinib. The EphB4 status in carcinoma cells was positively correlated with tumor size, T factor, and Ki-67 labeling index in all patients and was associated with poor relapse-free survival in EGFR mutation-positive patients. EphB4 is associated with the EGFR-independent suppressive effects of osimertinib on cell cycle and with a poor clinical outcome. Osimertinib can exert significant growth inhibitory effects in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with a high EphB4 status.
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34
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Cailliau K. Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3819. [PMID: 34359720 PMCID: PMC8345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress through a series of complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These monitoring mechanisms ensure the maintenance and the transfer of a correct genome to daughter cells through a selection of DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death processes. Canonical or non-canonical DDRs are highly organized and controlled to play crucial roles in genome stability and diversity. When altered or mutated, the proteins in these complex networks lead to many diseases that share common features, and to tumor formation. In recent years, technological advances have made it possible to benefit from the principles and mechanisms of DDR to target and eliminate cancer cells. These new types of treatments are adapted to the different types of tumor sensitivity and could benefit from a combination of therapies to ensure maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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Lees A, Sessler T, McDade S. Dying to Survive-The p53 Paradox. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3257. [PMID: 34209840 PMCID: PMC8268032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumour suppressor is best known for its canonical role as "guardian of the genome", activating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in response to DNA damage which, if irreparable or sustained, triggers activation of cell death. However, despite an enormous amount of work identifying the breadth of the gene regulatory networks activated directly and indirectly in response to p53 activation, how p53 activation results in different cell fates in response to different stress signals in homeostasis and in response to p53 activating anti-cancer treatments remains relatively poorly understood. This is likely due to the complex interaction between cell death mechanisms in which p53 has been activated, their neighbouring stressed or unstressed cells and the local stromal and immune microenvironment in which they reside. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the burgeoning number of cell death pathways affected by p53 activation and how these may paradoxically suppress cell death to ensure tissue integrity and organismal survival. We also discuss how these functions may be advantageous to tumours that maintain wild-type p53, the understanding of which may provide novel opportunity to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lees
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | | | - Simon McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9924328. [PMID: 34257824 PMCID: PMC8257365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulatory pathways controlled by p53 help to maintain genome stability and thus “guard the genome” against mutations that cause cancer. Dietary intake of flavonoids, a C15 group of polyphenols, is known to inhibit cancer progression and assist DNA repair through p53-mediated mechanisms in human cells via their antioxidant activities. For example, quercetin arrests human cervical cancer cell growth by blocking the G2/M phase cell cycle and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. Other polyphenols such as resveratrol upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines by promoting p53 stability, which in colon cancer cells results in the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis. Finally, among vitamins, folic acid seems to play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in patients with premalignant lesions by significantly increased expression of p53. In this review, we discuss the role of these and other dietary antioxidants in p53-mediated cell signaling in relation to cancer chemoprevention and tumor suppression in normal and cancer cells.
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Lee JY, Lim HM, Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells through activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2099-2112. [PMID: 34085558 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical that exhibits growth-inhibitory activity against various cancer cells. However, there are limited studies on the effects of I3C on colon cancer cells. In this study, the growth-inhibitory activity of I3C against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (LoVo) was examined. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and cell counting assays revealed that I3C suppressed the proliferation of LoVo cells. Microscopy and wound-healing analyses revealed that I3C affected the morphology and inhibited the migration of LoVo cells, respectively. I3C induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation as evidenced by the results of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay, respectively. Additionally, I3C arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and enhanced the reactive oxygen species levels. Western blotting analysis revealed that treatment with I3C resulted in the activation of apoptotic proteins, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, Bax, Bim, and p53 in LoVo cells. These results indicate that I3C induces apoptosis in LoVo cells by upregulating p53, leading to the activation of Bax and caspases. Taken together, I3C exerts cytotoxic effects on LoVo cells by activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Lim
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Bio&Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Park
- Department of Bio&Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Nam
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Liu W, Xu Q, Gu C, Hu D. Tenacissoside G synergistically potentiates inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil to human colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153553. [PMID: 33906076 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Since the clinical efficacy of the commonly used 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy in CRC patients is limited because of its intolerable adverse effects, there is an urgent need to explore agents that can enhance the anti-cancer activity of 5-FU, reduce adverse effects and prevent resistance. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate Tenacissoside G (TG)'s synergistic potentiation with 5-FU in inhibitory activity to colorectal cancer cells. METHODS The anti-proliferation effect of TG on 5 colorectal cancer cell lines was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The isobologram analysis and combination index methods were used to detect the synergistic effect of TG and 5-FU by the CompuSyn software using the T.C. Chou Method. The effects of TG/5-FU combination on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were detected by flow cytometry. DNA damage degrees of cells treated with TG, 5-FU and their combination were evaluated by the alkaline comet assay. Protein expression regulated by the TG/5-FU combination was investigated by western blotting. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was established to investigate the synergistic anti-tumor effect in vivo. RESULTS In this work, we observed a dose-dependent growth inhibitory activity and cell cycle arrest induction of TG, a monomeric substance originated from Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn, in colorectal cancer cells. It was found that TG potentiated the anticancer effects of 5-FU with a synergism for the first time. And the co-treatment effects were also validated by in vivo experiments. The underlying mechanisms involved in the synergistic effects were probably included: (1) increased activation of caspase cascade; (2) enhancement of DNA damage degree and (3) induction of p53 phosphorylation at Serine 46. CONCLUSION TG potentiated 5-FU's inhibitory activity to human colorectal cancer through arresting cell cycle progression and inducing p53-mediated apoptosis, which may present a novel strategy in CRC therapies and contribute to the optimizing clinical application of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qinfen Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Daode Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Mohiuddin M, Kasahara K. Cisplatin Activates the Growth Inhibitory Signaling Pathways by Enhancing the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Carrying an EGFR Exon 19 Deletion. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:471-486. [PMID: 33994369 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug for treating several types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of cisplatin in the human NSCLC cell line PC9. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC9 cells were treated with cisplatin for 72 h and then evaluated by a cell viability assay, DAPI staining, Giemsa staining, apoptosis assay, membrane permeability assay, cell cycle assay, ROS assay, SA-β-gal staining, TUNEL assay and Western blotting. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the cytotoxic activity was associated with an apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. Cisplatin exerted a significant concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect on PC9 cells. Cells subjected to cisplatin treatment showed morphological indications of apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was related to the restriction of E2F-1 action by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 Cisplatin induced apoptosis of PC9 cells by upregulating Fas, FasL, Bak, and tBID expression and PARP proteolytic cleavage. Cisplatin also reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and initiated a caspase cascade. Furthermore, the apoptotic impact of cisplatin depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS), as confirmed by ROS generation. CONCLUSION Cisplatin induced anticancer effects through cell cycle arrest, ROS generation and caspase activation, resulting in cell apoptosis. Overall, the results show the mechanism by which cisplatin works as an anticancer drug in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohiuddin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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The p53 status in rheumatoid arthritis with focus on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunol Res 2021; 69:225-238. [PMID: 33983569 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor that regulates many signaling pathways like apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses. P53 is involved in inflammatory responses through the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Also, p53 regulates immune responses through modulating Toll-like receptors expression and innate and adaptive immune cell differentiation and maturation. P53 is a modulator of the apoptosis and proliferation processes through regulating multiple anti and pro-apoptotic genes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is categorized as an invasive inflammatory autoimmune disease with irreversible deformity of joints and bone resorption. Different immune and non-immune cells contribute to RA pathogenesis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have been recently introduced as a key player in the pathogenesis of RA. These cells in RA synovium produce inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases which results in synovitis and joint destruction. Besides, hyper proliferation and apoptosis resistance of FLSs lead to synovial hyperplasia and bone and cartilage destruction. Given the critical role of p53 in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, lack of p53 function (due to mutation or low expression) exerts a prominent role for this gene in the pathogenesis of RA. This review focuses on the role of p53 in different mechanisms and cells (specially FLSs) that involved in RA pathogenesis.
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Choi YJ, Lee J, Ha SH, Lee HK, Lim HM, Yu SH, Lee CM, Nam MJ, Yang YH, Park K, Choi YS, Jang KY, Park SH. 6,8-Diprenylorobol induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells via activation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and p53. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:914-925. [PMID: 33382531 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
6,8-Diprenylorobol is a natural compound mainly found in Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch and Maclura tricuspidata, which has been used traditionally as food and medicine in Asia. So far, the antiproliferative effect of 6,8-diprenylorobol has not been studied yet in colon cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of 6,8-diprenylorobol in LoVo and HCT15, two kinds of human colon cancer cells. 6,8-Diprenylorobol inhibited the proliferation of LoVo and HCT15 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A 40 μM of 6,8-diprenylorobol for 72 h reduced both of cell viability under 50%. After treatment of 6,8-diprenylorobol (40 and 60 μM) for 72 h, late apoptotic cell portion in LoVo and HCT15 cells were 24, 70% and 13, 90%, respectively, which was confirmed by checking DNA fragmentation in both cells. Mechanistically, 6,8-diprenylorobol activated p53 and its phosphorylated form (Ser15, Ser20, and Ser46) expression but suppressed Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation in LoVo and HCT15 cells. Interestingly, 6,8-diprenylorobol induced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was attenuated with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment. Compared to the control, 60 μM of 6,8-diprenylorobol caused to increase ROS level to 210% in LoVo and HCT15, which was reduced into 161% and 124%, respectively with NAC. Furthermore, cell viability and apoptotic cell portion by 6,8-diprenylorobol was recovered by incubation with NAC. Taken together, these results indicate that 6,8-diprenylorobol has the potential antiproliferative effect against LoVo and HCT15 colon cancer cells through activation of p53 and generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Han Ki Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heui Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hak Yu
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
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Murata M, Nakamura K, Kosaka T, Ota N, Osawa A, Muro R, Fujiyama K, Oshima T, Mori H, Wanner BL, Yamada M. Cell Lysis Directed by SulA in Response to DNA Damage in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094535. [PMID: 33926096 PMCID: PMC8123628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOS response is induced upon DNA damage and the inhibition of Z ring formation by the product of the sulA gene, which is one of the LexA-regulated genes, allows time for repair of damaged DNA. On the other hand, severely DNA-damaged cells are eliminated from cell populations. Overexpression of sulA leads to cell lysis, suggesting SulA eliminates cells with unrepaired damaged DNA. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of sulA leads to up-regulation of numerous genes, including soxS. Deletion of soxS markedly reduced the extent of cell lysis by sulA overexpression and soxS overexpression alone led to cell lysis. Further experiments on the SoxS regulon suggested that LpxC is a main player downstream from SoxS. These findings suggested the SulA-dependent cell lysis (SDCL) cascade as follows: SulA→SoxS→LpxC. Other tests showed that the SDCL cascade pathway does not overlap with the apoptosis-like and mazEF cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Murata
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (N.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.N.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (N.O.); (A.O.)
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ota
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (N.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayumi Osawa
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (N.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Ryunosuke Muro
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.N.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Kazuya Fujiyama
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.N.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan;
| | - Hirotada Mori
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan;
| | - Barry L. Wanner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (N.O.); (A.O.)
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (K.N.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-83-933-5869
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Shi YY, Meng XT, Xu YN, Tian XJ. Role of FOXO protein's abnormal activation through PI3K/AKT pathway in platinum resistance of ovarian cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1946-1957. [PMID: 33827148 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, tumor cells' resistance to platinum drugs often occurs. This paper provides a review of Forkhead box O (FOXO) protein's role in platinum resistance of ovarian cancer which hopefully may provide some further guidance for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. METHODS We reviewed a 128 published papers from authoritative and professional journals on FOXO and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, and adopts qualitative analyses and interpretation based on the literature. RESULTS Ovarian cancer often has abnormal activation of cellular pathways, the most important of which is the PI3K/AKT pathway. FOXOs act as crucial downstream factor of the PI3K/Akt pathway and are negatively regulated by it. DNA damage response and apoptosis including the relationship between FOXOs and ATM-Chk2-p53 are essential for platinum resistance of ovarian cancer. Through gene expression analysis in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell model, it was found that FoxO-1 is decreased in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, so studying the role of FOXO in the pathway on platinum-induced apoptosis may further guide the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS There are many drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer, wherein the decrease in cancer cells apoptosis is one of the important causes. Constituted by a series of transcription factors evolving conservatively and mainly working in inhibiting cancer, FOXO proteins play various roles in cells' antitumor response. More and more evidence suggests that we need to re-understand the role that FOXOs have played in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yue Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Tian Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Germline mutations in apoptosis pathway genes in ovarian cancer; the functional role of a TP53I3 (PIG3) variant in ROS production and DNA repair. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:62. [PMID: 33782397 PMCID: PMC8007802 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of all cases of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cases are associated with inherited risk. However, accurate risk assessment is limited by the presence of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Previously, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 48 OVCA patients with familial predisposition, yet negative for pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations. In our cohort, we uncovered thirteen truncating mutations in genes associated with apoptosis (~35% of our patient cohort). The TP53I3 p.S252X premature stop gain was identified in two unrelated patients. TP53I3 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and believed to play a role in DNA damage response and reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis. In addition, nonsense variants in apoptosis-related genes TP53AIP1, BCLAF1, and PIK3C2G were identified in our cohort; highlighting the potential relevance of genes involved in apoptotic processes to hereditary cancer. In the current study, we employed functional assays and demonstrated that cells expressing TP53I3 p.S252X displayed decreased homologous recombination repair efficiency and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs bleomycin, mitomycin c, and etoposide. In addition, in the presence of oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide or etoposide we observed a reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species, an important precursor to apoptosis with this variant. Our findings suggest that the combination of in silico and wet laboratory approaches can better evaluate VUSs, establish novel germline predisposition genetic loci, and improve individual cancer risk estimates.
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Liebl MC, Moehlenbrink J, Becker H, Raddatz G, Abdeen SK, Aqeilan RI, Lyko F, Hofmann TG. DAZAP2 acts as specifier of the p53 response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2759-2776. [PMID: 33591310 PMCID: PMC7969023 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage-responsive tumor suppressors p53 and HIPK2 are well established regulators of cell fate decision-making and regulate the cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs. Here, we identify Deleted in Azoospermia-associated protein 2 (DAZAP2), a small adaptor protein, as a novel regulator of HIPK2 and specifier of the DNA damage-induced p53 response. Knock-down or genetic deletion of DAZAP2 strongly potentiates cancer cell chemosensitivity both in cells and in vivo using a mouse tumour xenograft model. In unstressed cells, DAZAP2 stimulates HIPK2 polyubiquitination and degradation through interplay with the ubiquitin ligase SIAH1. Upon DNA damage, HIPK2 site-specifically phosphorylates DAZAP2, which terminates its HIPK2-degrading function and triggers its re-localization to the cell nucleus. Interestingly, nuclear DAZAP2 interacts with p53 and specifies target gene expression through modulating a defined subset of p53 target genes. Furthermore, our results suggest that DAZAP2 co-occupies p53 response elements to specify target gene expression. Collectively, our findings propose DAZAP2 as novel regulator of the DNA damage-induced p53 response that controls cancer cell chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena C Liebl
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jutta Moehlenbrink
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huong Becker
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Freewoman JM, Snape R, Cui F. Temporal gene regulation by p53 is associated with the rotational setting of its binding sites in nucleosomes. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:792-807. [PMID: 33764853 PMCID: PMC8098069 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1904554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a DNA-binding transcription factor (TF) that, once activated, coordinates the expression of thousands of target genes. Increased p53 binding to gene promoters occurs shortly after p53 activation. Intriguingly, gene transcription exhibits differential kinetics with some genes being induced early (early genes) and others being induced late (late genes). To understand pre-binding factors contributing to the temporal gene regulation by p53, we performed time-course RNA sequencing experiments in human colon cancer cell line HCT116 treated with fluorouracil to identify early and late genes. Published p53 ChIP fragments co-localized with the early or late genes were used to uncover p53 binding sites (BS). We demonstrate that the BS associated with early genes are clustered around gene starts with decreased nucleosome occupancy. DNA analysis shows that these BS are likely exposed on nucleosomal surface if wrapped into nucleosomes, thereby facilitating stable interactions with and fast induction by p53. By contrast, p53 BS associated with late genes are distributed uniformly across the genes with increased nucleosome occupancy. Predicted rotational settings of these BS show limited accessibility. We therefore propose a hypothetical model in which the BS are fully, partially or not accessible to p53 in the nucleosomal context. The partial accessibility of the BS allows subunits of a p53 tetramer to bind, but the resulting p53-DNA complex may not be stable enough to recruit cofactors, which leads to delayed induction. Our work highlights the importance of DNA conformations of p53 BS in gene expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Freewoman
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rajiv Snape
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feng Cui
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Ma L, Liu Q, Tian M, Tian X, Gao L. Mechanisms of melatonin in anti-aging and its regulation effects in radiation-induced premature senescence. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Benedetti F, Curreli S, Gallo RC, Zella D. Exogenous bacterial DnaK increases protein kinases activity in human cancer cell lines. J Transl Med 2021; 19:60. [PMID: 33563293 PMCID: PMC7871384 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell signaling highlighted a critical role for kinases in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. To this regard, protein kinases regulates a number of critical cellular pathways by adding phosphate groups to specific substrates. For this reason, their involvement in the complex interactions between the human microbiota and cancer cells to determine therapy and tumor progression outcome is becoming increasingly relevant. Mycoplasmas are components of the normal human microbiota, and several species have also been associated to human diseases, including certain cancers. It is also important to note that Mycoplasmas and their proteins are a component of the common tumor microenvironment. In addition, several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies indicate a close involvement of Mycoplasmas in cellular transformation and cancer progression. METHODS In this study, we investigate the effect of exogenous Mycoplasma DnaK on kinases activity by treating in vitro four different eukaryotic cancer cell lines, namely lung and prostate cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, and neuroblastoma. Phosphorylation of kinases and specific substrates was measured at 20 and 60 min. RESULTS Kinome analysis of our data indicates that Mycoplasma DnaK promotes the dysregulation of the activity of specific kinases and their substrates, with a known involvement in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Given the similarity in structure and amino acid composition of this protein with other bacterial DnaKs we provide a novel mechanism whereby components of the human microbiota and present in the tumor microenvironment are able to deregulate phosphorylation events occurring during carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sabrina Curreli
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Shi L, Jiang M, Li M, Shang X, Li X, Huang M, Wu Y, Qiao C, Wang X, Tian X, Shi Y, Wang Z. Regulation of HIF-1α and p53 in stress responses in the subterranean rodents Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Rodentia: Cricetidae). ZOOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.38.e58607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The response mechanism and interaction patterns of HIF-1α and p53 in animals in an hypoxic environment are crucial for their hypoxic tolerance and adaptation. Many studies have shown that underground rodents have better hypoxic adaptation characteristics. However, the mechanism by which HIF-1α and p53 in underground rodents respond to hypoxic environments compared with in ground rodents remains unclear. Further, whether a synergy between HIF-1α and p53 enables animals tolerate extremely hypoxic environments is unclear. We studied HIF-1α and p53 expression in the brain tissue and cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region during 6 hours of acute hypoxia (5% oxygen) in Lasiopodomys mandarinus (Milne-Edwards, 1871) and Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861), two closely related small rodents with different life characteristics (underground and aboveground, respectively), using a comparative biology method to determine the mechanisms underlying their adaptation to this environment. Our results indicate that HIF-1α and p53 expression is more rapid in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii under acute hypoxic environments, resulting in a significant synergistic effect in L. mandarinus. Correlation analysis revealed that HIF-1α expression and the apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 regions of the brain tissues of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, both under hypoxia, were significantly negatively and positively correlated, respectively. Long-term existence in underground burrow systems could enable better adaptation to hypoxia in L. mandarinus than in L. brandtii. We speculate that L. mandarinus can quickly eliminate resulting damage via the synergistic effect of p53 and HIF-1α in response to acute hypoxic environments, helping the organism quickly return to a normal state after the stress.
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Zhao CX, Zeng CM, Wang K, He QJ, Yang B, Zhou FF, Zhu H. Ubiquitin-proteasome system-targeted therapy for uveal melanoma: what is the evidence? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:179-188. [PMID: 32601365 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular tumor. The loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) and the aberrant activation of G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ)/G protein subunit alpha 11 (GNA11) contribute to the frequent metastasis of UM. Thus far, limited molecular-targeted therapies have been developed for the clinical treatment of UM. However, an increasing number of studies have revealed the close relationship between the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the malignancy of UM. UPS consists of a three-enzyme cascade, i.e. ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s); ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s); and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s), as well as 26S proteasome and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which work coordinately to dictate the fate of intracellular proteins through regulating ubiquitination, thus influencing cell viability. Due to the critical role of UPS in tumors, we here provide an overview of the crosstalk between UPS and the malignancy of UM, discuss the current UPS-targeted therapies in UM and highlight its potential in developing novel regimens for UM.
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