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Yao ZY, Wang T, Yu YK, Li R, Sang X, Fu YN, Gong XJ, Sun WJ, Liu JJW, Wong JPH, Fung KPL, Jia CX. Mental health literacy and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:293-301. [PMID: 37437723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) is essential to mental health. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are significant antecedents and closely related to suicide among college students. Few studies have explored the mediating role of depressive and anxiety symptoms between MHL and suicidal ideation. METHODS 5578 college students were included in the analysis. The online Wenjuanxing platform was used to collect data from November 2020 to March 2021. The bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating role of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the links between MHL and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Approximately 18.8 % of Chinese college students in our study reported having suicidal ideation. MHL exhibited a significant and negative correlation with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation, whereas depressive and anxiety symptoms correlated significantly and positively with suicidal ideation. Compared with the lowest MHL quartile, the 3rd and 4th quartiles of MHL were associated with a significantly lower risk of suicidal ideation after adjusting for various confounding factors. Depressive and anxiety symptoms partially mediated the relationship between MHL and suicidal ideation, and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms was significantly greater than that of anxiety symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional survey. Future longitudinal studies on this relation are needed. CONCLUSIONS Depressive and anxiety symptoms mediate the relationship between MHL and suicidal ideation. Comprehensive school-based specific psychological education programs are needed to improve college students' MHL and change their attitudes toward mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yao-Kun Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ran Li
- Center of Students' mental health and Consultation, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiao Sang
- Student Mental Health Education Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yi-Na Fu
- School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Department of Sociology, School of Political Science and Law, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Student Work Office, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jenny Jing-Wen Liu
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Josephine Pui-Hing Wong
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Kenneth Po-Lun Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Fan CY, Zhang CG, Zhang PS, Chen Y, He JQ, Yin H, Gong XJ. Acute diquat poisoning case with multiorgan failure and a literature review: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6565-6572. [PMID: 37900248 PMCID: PMC10600979 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the withdrawal of paraquat from the market, diquat is widely used, so the treatment of diquat poisoning has become one of the focuses of emergency poisoning diagnosis and treatment. CASE SUMMARY We studied the case of a 17-year-old male patient who drank 200 mL (20 g/100 mL) of diquat solution two hours before arriving at the hospital. Despite the use of treatments such as gastric lavage, hemoperfusion, continuous hemodialysis, glucocorticoids, and organ support, the patient's condition rapidly progressed to multiorgan failure, and he died 23.5 h after admission. CONCLUSION We summarized the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of diquat poisoning through this case and performed a literature review to provide a basis and direction for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Fan
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Peng-Shu Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jian-Qiang He
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - He Yin
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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Gao XF, Zhang JJ, Gong XJ, Li KK, Zhang LX, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg5: A Review of Anticancer and Neuroprotection with Network Pharmacology Approach. Am J Chin Med 2022; 50:2033-2056. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg5 (G-Rg5) is a rare ginsenoside isolated from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), and this compound is increasingly known for its potent pharmacological activities. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the main activities and mechanisms of G-Rg5 by adopting network pharmacological analysis combined with a summary of published articles. The 100 target genes of G-Rg5 were searched through available database, subjected to protein–protein interaction (PPI) network generation and then core screening. The results showed that G-Rg5 has promising anticancer and neuroprotective effects. By summarizing these two pharmacological activities, we found that G-Rg5 exerts its therapeutic effects mainly through PI3K/AKT, MAPK signaling pathways, and the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle. And these results were corroborated by KEGG analysis. Likewise, molecular docking of the related proteins was performed, and the binding energies were all less than −7.0kJ/mol, indicating that these proteins had excellent binding capacity with G-Rg5. The network pharmacology results revealed many potential G-Rg5 mechanisms, which need to be further explored. We expect that the network pharmacology approach and molecular docking techniques can help us gain a deeper understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of different ginsenosides and even the ginseng plant, for further developing their therapeutic potential as well as clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Fei Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Wang XC, Huang HB, Gong W, He WY, Li X, Xu Y, Gong XJ, Hu JN. Resveratrol Triggered the Quick Self-Assembly of Gallic Acid into Therapeutic Hydrogels for Healing of Bacterially Infected Wounds. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1680-1692. [PMID: 35258295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Programing self-assembly of naturally bioactive molecules has been a wide topic of great significance for biomedical uses. Despite the fact that plant-derived polyphenols with catechol or pyrogallol moieties have been widely studied to construct nanocomplexes or nanocoatings via self-polymerization, there is no report on the self-assembly of these polyphenols into therapeutic hydrogels for potential applications. Here, we reported that adding a very small amount of resveratrol (Res) into the gallic acid (GA) aqueous solution could trigger the quick self-assembly of GA to form a fibrous hydrogel within 5 min through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. The length of GA/Res (GR) fibrils in gels varied from 100 to 1000 microns, with a diameter of around 1 μm. Notably, these GR hydrogels showed excellent colloid stability, providing better slow release and outstanding biocompatibility. Also, in vivo experiments indicated the hydrogels had high antibacterial effects and excellent wound healing capabilities in a total skin defect model via regulating the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) due to the release of therapeutic agents (GA and Res) into the matrix. Overall, our results provide a new strategy to accelerate self-assembly of GA by adding Res to form hydrogels, which is further proved as a promising therapeutic carrier for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chuang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wei Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying He
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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5
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Zhang JJ, Zhou YD, Liu YB, Wang JQ, Li KK, Gong XJ, Lin XH, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Protective Effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity via PI3K/AKT and NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathways Based on the Premise of Ensuring Anticancer Effect. Am J Chin Med 2021; 49:1739-1756. [PMID: 34461812 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the protective effect of ginsenoside on cisplatin-induced renal injury has been extensively studied, whether ginsenoside interferes with the antitumor effect of cisplatin has not been confirmed. In this paper, we verified the main molecular mechanism of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (R-Rg3) antagonizing cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) through the combination of in vivo and in vitro models. It is worth mentioning that the two cell models of HK-2 and HepG2 were used simultaneously for the first time to explore the effect of the activation site of tumor-associated protein p53 on apoptosis and tumor suppression. The results showed that a single injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) led to weight loss, the kidney index of the mice increased, and creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in mice sharply increased. Continuous administration of R-Rg3 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 10 days could significantly alleviate this symptom. Similarly, R-Rg3 treatment reduced oxidative stress damage caused by cisplatin. Moreover, R-Rg3 could observably reduce the apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration of renal tubular cells induced by cisplatin. We used western blotting analysis to demonstrate that R-Rg3 restored cisplatin-induced AKI might be related to PI3K/AKT and NF-[Formula: see text]B mediated apoptosis and inflammation pathways. In the meantime, we also verified that R-Rg3 could activate different sites of p53 to control renal cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin without affecting its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Bo Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Lin
- Liaoning XIFENG Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Huanren 117200, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Hou JG, Liu Z, Gong XJ, Hu JN, Wang YP, Liu WC, Lin XH, Wang Z, Li W. Alleviative effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on HFD/STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113500. [PMID: 33091499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. The kidney disease develops in nearly 20%-40% of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Ginseng is the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and has been used in prevention and treatment of diseases for more than 2000 years as a traditional oriental medicine. The 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3, an active saponin isolated from ginseng, can prevent and treat many diseases. The object of this research was to explore the alleviative effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on DN in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The T2D animal model was induced by continuous access to a high fat diet (HFD) combined with a single injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were treated by oral gavage of the 20(R)-Rg3 (10, 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Functional and histopathological analyses of the kidneys were then performed. Protein expression levels of MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways in the kidney were evaluated by western blotting. The expressions of HO-1 and NF-κB in the kidney were measured by fluorescent labeling staining. Other assessments including fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, blood lipids, oxidative indicators, and inflammatory factors were all performed. RESULTS Abnormally elevated FBG levels were observed in HFD/STZ mice, contributing significantly to the occurrence of DN. Simultaneously, HFD/STZ mice showed the rise of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and the decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). DN was evidenced by the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities, high levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Simultaneously, the results of the immunofluorescence assay showed an increased expression level in NF-κB p65 while a decrease in antioxidant enzyme HO-1 was observed. Herein, 20(R)-Rg3 treatment for 8 weeks not only attenuated FBG levels and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels but also improved insulin (INS) level, blood lipids, oxidative stress, and renal function by regulating MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways in DN mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings from the present study explicitly confirmed that 20(R)-Rg3 exerted ameliorative effects on DN mice via improving anti-oxidative activity and reducing renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Lin
- Liaoning Xifeng Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Huanren, 117000, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Hu JN, Yang JY, Jiang S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Hou JG, Gong XJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Panax quinquefolium saponins protect against cisplatin evoked intestinal injury via ROS-mediated multiple mechanisms. Phytomedicine 2021; 82:153446. [PMID: 33387967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is one of the most common chemotherapeutic drugs. Cisplatin-induced toxicity gives rise to gastrointestinal cell damage, subsequent diarrhea and vomiting, leading to the discontinuation of its clinical application in long-term cancer chemotherapy. Panax quinquefolium L., also known as American ginseng, has many pharmacological activities such as improving immunity, anti-tumor, anti-radiation and blood sugar lowering. PURPOSE Previously, our laboratory reported that American ginseng berry extract could alleviate chemotherapeutic agents-induced renal damage caused by cisplatin. Hence, this study further explored the protective effect of P. quinquefolium saponins (PQS) on cisplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Biochemical markers, levels of inflammatory factors, histopathological staining and western blotting were used to analyze intestinal injury based on various molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We demonstrated the destruction of the intestinal barrier caused by cisplatin exposure by detecting the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Meanwhile, cisplatin exposure changed SOD and MDA levels in the small intestine, causing oxidative damage to the intestinal mucosa. The inflammation associated-intestinal damage was further explored by the measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway protein expression. Moreover, apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL staining-positive cells and activated caspase family proteins suggest that cisplatin induces intestinal apoptosis. Interestingly, PQS pretreatment significantly reversed these situations. CONCLUSION These evidences clearly suggest that PQS can alleviate cisplatin-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing the occurrence of inflammation and apoptosis, and improving intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600 China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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Wang C, Zhu JB, Yan YY, Zhang W, Gong XJ, Wang X, Wang XL. Halofuginone inhibits tumorigenic progression of 5-FU-resistant human colorectal cancer HCT-15/FU cells by targeting miR-132-3p in vitro. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:385. [PMID: 33154782 PMCID: PMC7607966 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the first-line option for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the development of chemoresistance is the primary cause of treatment failure. Halofuginone (HF), a small molecule alkaloid derived from febrifugine, has been demonstrated to exert strong anti-proliferative effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether HF inhibits the progression of 5-FU-resistant human CRC HCT-15/FU cells, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of HF on HCT-15/FU cells were assessed in vitro. The results revealed that HF inhibited HCT-15/FU cell viability as demonstrated by the MTT and colony formation assays. Following treatment of HCT-15/FU cells with HF, the migratory and invasive capacities of the cells were significantly decreased. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-sequencing data, subsequent miRNA trend analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR all demonstrated that miR-132-3p expression was increased following treatment with HF in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis indicated that following treatment with HF, the expression levels of proteins associated with proliferation, invasion and metastasis in cells were markedly downregulated. These results suggested that HF inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of HCT-15/FU cells by upregulating the expression levels of miR-132-3p. Therefore, miR-132-3p may serve as a molecular marker, which may be used to predict CRC resistance to 5-FU, and HF may serve as a novel clinical treatment for 5-FU-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhai Municipal People's Hospital, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 016000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhai Municipal People's Hospital, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 016000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Center of Datong, The Second People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi 037005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhai Municipal People's Hospital, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 016000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhai Municipal People's Hospital, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 016000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- General Surgery Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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Li W, Wang JQ, Zhou YD, Hou JG, Liu Y, Wang YP, Gong XJ, Lin XH, Jiang S, Wang Z. Rare Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 Inhibits D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:1141-1157. [PMID: 32668974 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as a major factor in aging and exacerbates aging process through a variety of molecular mechanisms. D-galactose, a normal reducing sugar with high dose can cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or stimulate free radical production indirectly by the formation of advanced glycation end products in tissues, finally resulting in oxidative stress. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3), a major and representative component isolated from red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer), has been shown to observably have an anti-oxidative effect. We thereby investigated the beneficial effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress injury and its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that continuous injection of D-galactose with 800[Formula: see text]mg/kg/day for 8 weeks increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, such increases were attenuated by the treatment of 20(R)-Rg3 for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, 20(R)-Rg3 markedly inhibited D-galactose-caused oxidative stress in liver and kidney. The anti-oxidants, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were elevated in the mice from 20(R)-Rg3-treated group compared with that from D-galactose group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were observed in the 20(R)-Rg3-treated group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of AGEs. More importantly, 20(R)-Rg3 effectively attenuated D-galactose induced apoptosis in liver and kidney via restoring the upstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that 20(R)-Rg3 may be a novel and promising anti-oxidative therapeutic agent to prevent aging-related injuries in liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Lin
- Liaoning Xifeng Pharmaceutical, Group Co., Ltd., Huanren 117200, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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10
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Liu W, Leng J, Hou JG, Jiang S, Wang Z, Liu Z, Gong XJ, Chen C, Wang YP, Li W. Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat-induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. Phytother Res 2020; 35:311-323. [PMID: 32767418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS-induced injury not only by modulating Bcl-2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS-induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Leng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
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11
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Hu JN, Xu XY, Jiang S, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang YP, Gong XJ, Li KK, Ren S, Li W. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rk1, a major rare saponin from black ginseng, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in HEK-293 cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:732-740. [PMID: 32374939 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, as one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, its clinical use is limited by serious side effect of nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely related to apoptosis induction and activation of caspase. The present study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of ginsenoside Rk1 (Rk1), a rare ginsenoside generated during steaming ginseng, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Our results showed that the reduced cell viability induced by cisplatin could significantly recover by Rk1. Furthermore, glutathione (GSH) as an oxidative index, was elevated and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased after Rk1 treatment compared to the cisplatin group. Additionally, Rk1 can also decrease the ROS fluorescence expression and increase the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) compared to the cisplatin group, which suggested a suppression of oxidative response. More importantly, the cisplatin-induced elevated protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and decreased protein level of Bcl-2 were reversed after treatment with Rk1. Our results elucidated the possible protective mechanism of Rk1 for the first time, which may involve in its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing-Yue Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Ke-Ke Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Ren
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
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12
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Li KK, Yan XM, Li ZN, Yan Q, Gong XJ. Synthesis and antitumor activity of three novel ginsenoside M1 derivatives with 3'-ester modifications. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103061. [PMID: 31216505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside M1 (M1) was considered to be the main antitumor component of ginsenoside metabolites in the body. In order to enhance its potency on antitumor effect, three novel M1 3'-ester derivatives (1c, 2c, 3c) were synthesized and evaluated. The yield of these derivatives was between 41% and 69%. Compared with M1, 2c and 3c can improve the efficacy of the inhibition on breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, especially for MCF-7 (fold: 0.7-4.2, p < 0.0001). Further study suggested that 2c and 3c may cause cell autophagy and promote apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The results indicated the 3'-ester modified M1 derivatives 2c and 3c possess higher abilities of inhibition growth towards triple-positive breast cancer and provided a new source for synthesis of potential anti-breast cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Li
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zheng-Ning Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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13
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Liu TT, Wang XF, Yuan XZ, Gong XJ, Hou CL. [Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rivers in a Rapidly Urbanizing Area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:2827-2839. [PMID: 31854677 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201810213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rivers play an important role in greenhouse gas emissions. Over the past decade, because of global urbanization trends, rapid land use changes have led to changes in river ecosystems that have had a stimulating effect on the greenhouse gas production and emissions. Presently, there is an urgent need for assessments of the greenhouse gas concentrations and emissions in watersheds. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate river-based greenhouse gas emissions and their spatial-temporal features as well as possible impact factors in a rapidly urbanizing area. The specific objectives were to investigate how river greenhouse gas concentrations and emission fluxes are responding to urbanization in the Liangtan River, which is not only the largest sub-basin but also the most polluted one in Chongqing City. The thin layer diffusion model method was used to monitor year-round concentrations of pCO2, CH4, and N2O in September and December 2014, and March and June 2015. The pCO2 range was (23.38±34.89)-(1395.33±55.45) Pa, and the concentration ranges of CH4 and N2O were (65.09±28.09)-(6021.36±94.36) nmol·L-1 and (29.47±5.16)-(510.28±18.34) nmol·L-1, respectively. The emission fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O, which were calculated based on the method of wind speed model estimations, were -6.1-786.9, 0.31-27.62, and 0.06-1.08 mmol·(m2·d)-1, respectively. Moreover, the CO2 and CH4 emissions displayed significant spatial differences, and these were roughly consistent with the pollution load gradient. The greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes of trunk streams increased and then decreased from upstream to downstream, and the highest value was detected at the middle reaches where the urbanization rate is higher than in other areas and the river is seriously polluted. As for branches, the greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes increased significantly from the upstream agricultural areas to the downstream urban areas. The CO2 fluxes followed a seasonal pattern, with the highest CO2 emission values observed in autumn, then successively winter, summer, and spring. The CH4 fluxes were the highest in spring and the lowest in summer, while N2O flux seasonal patterns were not significant. Because of the high carbon and nitrogen loads in the basin, the CO2 products and emissions were not restricted by biogenic elements, but levels were found to be related to important biological metabolic factors such as the water temperature, pH, DO, and chlorophyll a. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of the water combined with sewage input influenced the CH4 products and emissions. Meanwhile, N2O production and emissions were mainly found to be driven by urban sewage discharge with high N2O concentrations. Rapid urbanization accelerated greenhouse gas emissions from the urban rivers, so that in the urban reaches, CO2/CH4 fluxes were twice those of the non-urban reaches, and all over the basin N2O fluxes were at a high level. These findings illustrate how river basin urbanization can change aquatic environments and aggravate allochthonous pollution inputs such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which in turn can dramatically stimulate river-based greenhouse gas production and emissions; meanwhile, spatial and temporal differences in greenhouse gas emissions in rivers can lead to the formation of emission hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China.,College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China.,College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China.,College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China.,College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chun-Li Hou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Yangtze River, Chongqing 401331, China.,College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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14
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Li KK, Gong XJ. [Studies on chemical constituents of saponins from Panax ginseng flower buds]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2519-2531. [PMID: 31359719 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190321.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This project is to investigate the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The compounds were isolated by using a variety of chromatographic methods including Diaion HP-20,silica gel,MCI gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified by NMR,and MS data. As a result,32 compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds,and identified as ginsenoside Rk_3( 1),ginsenoside Rh_4( 2),ginsenoside Rh_8( 3),pseudoginsenoside Rc_1( 4),ginsenoside Rc( 5),ginsenoside Rb_2( 6),ginsenoside Rg_6( 7),20( E)-ginsenoside F_4( 8),ginsenoside Rb_1( 9),vinaginsenoside R_(16)( 10),ginsenoside Rh_6( 11),vinaginsenoside R_3( 12),5,6-didehydro-ginsenoside Rd( 13),vinaginsenoside R_4( 14),vinaginsenoside R_8( 15),ginsenoside Rf( 16),notoginsenoside E( 17),ginsenoside Ⅲ( 18),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,7β,12β,20 S-tetrahydroxydammar-5( 6),24-diene-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 19),20( S)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 20),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 21),notoginsenoside R_2( 22),ginsenoside F_2( 23),quinquenoside I( 24),ginsenoside M_1( 25),quinquenoside L_(10)( 26),ginsenoside Rh_5( 27),ginsenoside Rg_5( 28),ginsenoside Rk_1( 29),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_3( 30),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-D-( 6'-methyl ester)-glucuronopyranoside( 31) and ginsenoside MC( 32). Among them,compounds 10,12,13,15,19,22,24,31 and 32 were isolated from P. ginseng for the first time,and compound 19 was a genuine ginsenoside firstly obtained by separation and identification,with NMR data that were also reported. Compounds 1-3,7,8,23,25-30 were isolated from P. ginseng flower buds for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Li
- Department of Biological Engineering,Life Science College of Dalian Minzu University Dalian 116600,China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering,Life Science College of Dalian Minzu University Dalian 116600,China
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15
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Abstract
Three pairs of ginsenoside epimers, including three new compounds (2, 3 and 5), were isolated from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of considerable spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the reported data. All six compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicties against three human cancer cell lines, HL-60, MGC80-3 and Hep-G2. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 with S configurations at C-24 or C-20 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 25.32, 18.76, and 38.64 μM in HL-60 cells, respectively. Our findings showed that different configurations of these isolated ginsenosides had a significant impact on the antitumor activity, and S epimers were higher than R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Li
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Medical, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Li
- College of Medical, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Yun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Li KK, Li SS, Xu F, Gong XJ. Six new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from Panax ginseng flower buds and their cytotoxicity. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:215-221. [PMID: 32148402 PMCID: PMC7031747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng has been used for a variety of medical purposes in eastern countries for more than two thousand years. From the extensive experiences accumulated in its long medication use history and the substantial strong evidence in modern research studies, we know that ginseng has various pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cardiovascular system–protective effects. The active chemical constituents of ginseng, ginsenosides, are rich in structural diversity and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Methods Ginsenoside constituents from P. ginseng flower buds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide method was used to test their cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cell lines. Results Six ginsenosides, namely 6'–malonyl formyl ginsenoside F1 (1), 3β–acetoxyl ginsenoside F1 (2), ginsenoside Rh24 (6), ginsenoside Rh25 (7), 7β–hydroxyl ginsenoside Rd (8) and ginsenoside Rh26 (10) were isolated and elucidated as new compounds, together with four known compounds (3–5 and 9). In addition, the cytotoxicity of these isolated compounds was shown as half inhibitory concentration values, a tentative structure–activity relationship was also discussed based on the results of our bioassay. Conclusion The study of chemical constituents was useful for the quality control of P. ginseng flower buds. The study on antitumor activities showed that new Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HL-60, MGC80-3 and Hep-G2 with half inhibitory concentration values of 16.74, 29.51 and 20.48 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
- Corresponding author. College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, No. 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medical, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medical, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
- Corresponding author. College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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17
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Abstract
Compared to other placental mammals, humans have unique thinking and cognitive abilities because of their developed cerebral cortex composed of billions of neurons and synaptic connections. As the primary effectors of the mechanisms of life, proteins and their interactions form the basis of cellular and molecular functions in the living body. In this paper, we developed a pipeline for mining topological structures, identifying functional modules, and analyzing their functions from publically available datasets. A human brain-specific protein-protein interaction network with 1482 nodes and 3105 edges was built using a MapReduce based shortest path algorithm. Within this, 7 functional cliques were identified using a network clustering method, 98 hub proteins were obtained by the calculation of betweenness and connectivity, and 5 closest relationship to clique connector proteins were recognized by the combination scores of topological distance and gene ontology similarity. Furthermore, we discovered functional modules interacting with TP53 protein, which involves several fragmented research study conclusions and might be an important clue for further in vivo or in silico experiments to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Cui
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - X J Gong
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - H Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - X C Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Abstract
This review article summarizes the anti-diabetic effects and mechanisms ofPanax ginsengsaponins and its active specific ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Li
- School of Medical
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- School of Medical
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- P. R. China
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19
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Li KK, Yang XB, Yang XW, Liu JX, Gong XJ. New triterpenoids from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1030-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Sun WP, Li D, Lun YZ, Gong XJ, Sun SX, Guo M, Jing LX, Zhang LB, Xiao FC, Zhou SS. Excess nicotinamide inhibits methylation-mediated degradation of catecholamines in normotensives and hypertensives. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:180-5. [PMID: 21918528 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide and catecholamines are both degraded by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation. Whether excess nicotinamide affects the degradation of catecholamines is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotinamide on the methylation status of the body and methylation-mediated catecholamine degradation in both normotensives and hypertensives. The study was conducted in 19 normotensives and 27 hypertensives, using a nicotinamide-loading test (100 mg orally). Plasma nicotinamide, N(1)-methylnicotinamide, homocysteine (Hcy), betaine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, normetanephrine and metanephrine levels before and 5 h after nicotinamide loading were measured. Compared with normotensives, hypertensives had higher baseline (fasting) levels of plasma nicotinamide, Hcy and norepinephrine, but lower levels of plasma normetanephrine, a methylated norepinephrine derivative. Nicotinamide loading induced a significant increase in the levels of plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide and norepinephrine, and a significant decrease in the levels of O-methylated epinephrine (metanephrine) and betaine, a major methyl donor, in both hypertensives and normotensives. Moreover, nicotinamide-loading significantly increased plasma Hcy levels, but decreased plasma normetanephrine levels in normotensives. The baseline levels of plasma epinephrine in hypertensives were similar to those of normotensives, but the post-nicotinamide-loading levels of plasma epinephrine in hypertensives were higher than those of normotensives. This study demonstrated that excess nicotinamide might deplete the labile methyl pool, increase Hcy generation and inhibit catecholamine degradation. It also revealed that hypertensives had an abnormal methylation pattern, characterized by elevated fasting plasma levels of unmethylated substrates, nicotinamide, Hcy and norepinephrine. Therefore, it seems likely that high nicotinamide intake may be involved in the pathogenesis of Hcy-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Ping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Zhou SS, Li D, Sun WP, Guo M, Lun YZ, Zhou YM, Xiao FC, Jing LX, Sun SX, Zhang LB, Luo N, Bian FN, Zou W, Dong LB, Zhao ZG, Li SF, Gong XJ, Yu ZG, Sun CB, Zheng CL, Jiang DJ, Li ZN. Nicotinamide overload may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5674-84. [PMID: 19960564 PMCID: PMC2789220 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide on glucose metabolism, plasma H2O2 levels and tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contents of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were observed. The role of human sweat glands and rat skin in nicotinamide metabolism was investigated using sauna and burn injury, respectively.
RESULTS: Diabetic subjects had significantly higher plasma N1-methylnicotinamide levels 5 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load than the non-diabetic subjects (0.89 ± 0.13 μmol/L vs 0.6 ± 0.13 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Cumulative doses of nicotinamide (2 g/kg) significantly increased rat plasma N1-methylnicotinamide concentrations associated with severe insulin resistance, which was mimicked by N1-methylnicotinamide. Moreover, cumulative exposure to N1-methylnicotinamide (2 g/kg) markedly reduced rat muscle and liver NAD contents and erythrocyte NAD/NADH ratio, and increased plasma H2O2 levels. Decrease in NAD/NADH ratio and increase in H2O2 generation were also observed in human erythrocytes after exposure to N1-methylnicotinamide in vitro. Sweating eliminated excessive nicotinamide (5.3-fold increase in sweat nicotinamide concentration 1 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load). Skin damage or aldehyde oxidase inhibition with tamoxifen or olanzapine, both being notorious for impairing glucose tolerance, delayed N1-methylnicotinamide clearance.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nicotinamide overload, which induced an increase in plasma N1-methylnicotinamide, associated with oxidative stress and insulin resistance, plays a role in type 2 diabetes.
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Feng BM, Gong XJ, Shi LY, Jiang G, Pei YH, Wang YQ. [Studies on phenolic compounds from Stellera chamaejasme]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008; 33:403-405. [PMID: 18533496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme. METHOD The chemical constituents were separated and purified by chromatographic method after solvent extraction and were identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULT Two phenolic compounds were obtained and determined as stelleranol (1) and umbelliferone-7-O-glucoside (2). CONCLUSION Compound 1 was a new compound, and compound 2 was isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Min Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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Han LK, Nose R, Li W, Gong XJ, Zheng YN, Yoshikawa M, Koike K, Nikaido T, Okuda H, Kimura Y. Reduction of fat storage in mice fed a high-fat diet long term by treatment with saponins prepared from Kochia scoparia fruit. Phytother Res 2007; 20:877-82. [PMID: 16892459 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The fresh fruit (Japanese name, Tonburi) of Kochia scoparia has been used as a food garnish in Japanese-style dishes from ancient times, and may prevent metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity and atherosclerosis. This study was performed to clarify whether an ethanol extract of K. scoparia fruit prevented obesity induced in mice by a high-fat diet for 9 weeks. The ethanol extract of K. scoparia fruit prevented the increases in body weight and parametrial adipose tissue weight induced by the high-fat diet. Furthermore, consumption of a high-fat diet containing 1% or 3% K. scoparia extract significantly increased the fecal content and the fecal triacylglycerol level at day 3 compared with those in the high-fat diet group. The ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) and total saponins (100 mg/kg) of K. scoparia inhibited the elevation of the plasma triacylglyccerol level 2 or 3 h after the oral administration of the lipid emulsion. Total saponins, momordin Ic, 2'-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl momordin Ic and 2'-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl momordin IIc isolated from K. scoparia fruit inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity (in vitro). These findings suggest that the anti-obesity actions of K. scoparia extract in mice fed a high-fat diet may be partly mediated through delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Han
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Tsukide 3-1-100, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
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Han LK, Li DX, Xiang L, Gong XJ, Kondo Y, Suzuki I, Okuda H. Isolation of Pancreatic Lipase Activity-inhibitory Component of Spirulina Platensis and It Reduce Postprandial Triacylglycerolemia. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:43-9. [PMID: 16394649 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the process of investigating the hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina platensis, we found that the aqueous extract of S. platensis may inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. The aqueous extract of S. platensis (500 m/kg) reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of the lipid emulsion 2 h after administration. To clarify the hypolipidemic effects of S. platensis, the active component was isolated and designated 1'-O-(palmitonyl)-2'-O-(caprylonyl) glyceryl-beta-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (glycolipid H-b2). Glycolipid H-b2 was found to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The fractions containing glycolipid H-b2 (250 mg/kg) reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of the lipid emulsion 2 h after administration. Furthermore, we examined the effects of phycocyanin isolated from S. platensis on pancreatic lipase activity. Phycocyanin inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of S. platensis on postprandial triacylglycerolemia may be due in part to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity by glycolipid H-b2 and phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Han
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Japan.
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Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been used as a folk medicine in China. An aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe inhibited the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro and it reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels 1 and 2 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe might inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting its hydrolysis. Therefore we investigated the antiobesity effects of the aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 8 weeks. Body weights at 2-8 weeks and final parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet containing 3% aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe than in the controls fed the high-fat diet. Feeding a high-fat diet containing 1% aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe also significantly reduced final parametrial adipose tissue weights that were elevated in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. Our data suggest that the antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe in mice fed a high-fat diet may be due in part to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of dietary fat by the active compounds of Z. officinale Roscoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Han
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto City 862-8502, Japan.
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Ping HX, Xie L, Gong XJ, Liu GQ, Wu HQ. Effect of dizocilpine maleate on monoamines and their metabolites in rat brain. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1992; 13:206-8. [PMID: 1442099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic (ip) injection of dizocilpine maleate (DM, 0.1 and 0.5 mg.kg-1) increased the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid but did not bring about any noticeable change in the dopamine (DA) level in the striatum and limbic area. DM also increased the levels of norepinephrine in the limbic area and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the hippocampus. Amphetamine increased DA level and reduced DOPAC level in the striatum and limbic area. The behavioral manifestations revealed that DM predominantly evoked circling behavior and ataxia. The results indicate that the mechanism of the behavioral effect of DM may be different from that of amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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