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de Sousa Sales JN, Vicente MP, Carvalho LR, Lemos LA, Souza Simões LM, Alcantara Colli MH, Gonçales Junior WA, Ayres H, Vieira LM, Mingoti RD, Barbuio JP. Is estradiol valerate an alternative to estradiol benzoate in promoting the synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in suckled Bos indicus beef cows? Theriogenology 2024; 218:56-61. [PMID: 38301507 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol valerate administered at the beginning of the ovulation synchronization protocol on the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus cows. In the experiments, the following products from MSD, Sao Paulo, Brazil were used: estradiol valerate (EV), estradiol benzoate (EB), intravaginal progesterone device (P4), estradiol cypionate (EC), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and cloprostenol (PGF). In Experiment 1, Bos indicus cows (n=899) with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.76 ± 0.01 were included in a 3 (device) × 2 (protocol: 5 mg of EV or 2 mg of EB) factorial design. There were three types of P4 devices: a new device (New), a device previously used for 9 days (1×), and a device previously used for 18 days (2×). Nine days later (D9), the P4 device was removed, and cows received 300 IU of eCG. In addition, cows in the EB group received 1 mg of EC and 265 μg of PGF. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed 48 h after P4 device removal in the EB group (TAI48) and 54 h after P4 device removal in the EV group (TAI54). In Experiment 2, Bos indicus cows (n=434) with a BCS of 2.62 ± 0.01 received a new P4 device or one previously used for 9 days and 5 mg of EV. On D9, all cows received 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed and distributed in TAI48 and TAI54 cows. In Experiment 3, Bos indicus cows (n=429) with a BCS of 2.80 ± 0.01 were divided into the control and EV/EC groups. All cows received a P4 device. In addition, cows in the control group received 2 mg of EB, and cows in the EV/EC group received 5 mg of EV on D0. On D9, all cows received 1 mg of EC and 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed. Cows in the control group also received 265 μg of PGF. All cows were inseminated 48 h after the removal of the P4 device. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of the interaction between protocol and P4 device on the occurrence of estrus (P=0.45) or on the pregnancy per artificial insemination ratio (P/AI; P=0.30). In addition, the occurrence of estrus and P/AI were not different between in the two estradiol groups (P=0.12 and P=0.82) and across the types of intravaginal P4 device (P=0.91 and P=0.47). In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rate was lower (tendency) in TAI48 cows (P=0.07). In Experiment 3, the estrus rate (P=0.12) and P/AI (P=0.56) were similar between the experimental groups. In summary, protocols using estradiol valerate without exogenous ovulation induction require adjustments in the timing of AI from 48 to 54 h after P4 device removal. However, a combination of estradiol valerate at the beginning of the protocol and estradiol cypionate nine days later successfully induced ovulation in Bos indicus cows inseminated 48 h after P4 device removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís Reis Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Araújo Lemos
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD - Merck Sharp and Dohme Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dare TA, Mamman M, Kawu MU, Chom ND, Udechukwu CC, Jolayemi KO. The Effect of Reduced GnRH Dose on Ovulation and Follicular Dynamics in Ovsynch Programme of Pure and Bunaji-Crossbred Cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:103. [PMID: 38483632 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to compare the efficacy of reducing GnRH dose from 100 µg to 50 µg on the formation of ovulation and sizes of ovarian structures following Ovsynch in apparently healthy Bunaji and Friesian × Bunaji Cows. Thirty female multiparous-apparently-healthy adult [Bunaji (n = 15) and Friesian × Bunaji (n = 15)] breeds of cattle were used. Five cows each were allocated randomly to three groups [control; full dose (FD), and half dose (HD)]. Cows in the control group were treated with 2 ml normal saline while FD-group received 100 µg lecirelin on day 0, with 500 µg clorprostenol on day 7 and with 100 µg lecirelin two days later. Furthermore, HD-group received the same treatment as FD-cows but the dose of lecirelin was reduced to 50 µg at both times of GnRH administration. Ovarian structures were monitored by ultrasound with a 5-MHZ linear transrectal probe on days - 1 to 12. The ovarian responses of the various groups to first GnRH administration showed (0%, 40% and 60%) ovulation rate for C, HD and FD groups respectively in Bunaji breeds while in Friesian × Bunaji, it was (0%, 60%, 60%). Following second GnRH administration ovulation rate for Bunaji was (20%, 60%, and 60%) for Control, HD and FD-groups, respectively, while for Friesian × Bunaji cows it was (20%, 60%, and 80%). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the days of new follicular wave emergence following the first GnRH administration. It was concluded that 50 µg Lecirelin reduced the cost of drug without affecting the efficiency of Ovsynch protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus A Dare
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Mamman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed U Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu D Chom
- Radiology Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Collins Chimezie Udechukwu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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Saini G, Kumar S, Pandey AK, Yadav V, Sharma S. Intensity of estrus expression - valuable obvious determinant of fertility in Bos indicus cows. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3867-3876. [PMID: 37477621 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2234961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize estrus response and to establish relationships between intensity of estrus, preovulatory follicle (POF) size and estradiol (E2) concentrations on day of AI, luteal profiles and pregnancy outcome in lactating Hariana breed of cows. 200 cyclic cows were subjected to Ovsynch (n = 54) and Pre-OV treatment (n = 146). Ovsynch: Buserelin acetate (BA; 10 µg), Cloprostenol (500 µg) and BA (10 µg) were injected i.m. on day 0, 7 and 9, respectively, irrespective of treatment. Pre-OV: BA (10 µg) and Cloprostenol (500 µg) was also injected i.m. simultaneously 7 days prior to initiate Ovsynch. On the basis of estrus behavior, the cows were classified into three groups: weak, moderate and intense. Artificial insemination performed at 18-24 hours after 2nd BA of Ovsynch in both treatments. The average duration of estrus did not differ (p > 0.05) between Ovsynch and Pre-OV treatment. A positive correlation was observed between estrus response and POF size, concentration of E2 on day of AI and luteal profiles on day 12 post-AI. First service conception rate was higher in cows exhibited intense (45.46%) and moderate (42.56%) estrus response than weak (28.57%) estrus response. In conclusion, intensity of estrus expression could be considered as important determinant for deciding pregnancy outcomes in Bos indicus cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitesh Saini
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Saini G, Kumar S, Pandey AK, Singh H, Virmani M. Presynchronization with simultaneous administration of GnRH and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α) 7 days prior to Ovsynch improves reproductive profile in Hariana zebu cow. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:19. [PMID: 36542229 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the impact of simultaneous administration of GnRH and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) 7 days prior to Ovsynch in Hariana cow. Two hundred cyclic cows (> 4 months postpartum) were assigned to control (n = 54) and pre-OV (n = 146). As per Ovsynch protocol, buserelin acetate (10 μg), cloprostenol (500 μg), and buserelin acetate (10 μg) were injected i.m. on days 0, 7, and 9, respectively, in cows irrespective of treatment. But in pre-OV cows, buserelin acetate (10 μg) and cloprostenol (500 μg) were also injected i.m. simultaneously 7 days prior to initiate the Ovsynch protocol. Artificial insemination was performed between 18 and 24 h after the 2nd GnRH of Ovsynch in both treatments. Ultrasonography and blood sampling for hormonal analysis were done on each day of treatment, on day of AI, and 12 days post-AI. Pre-OV treatment resulted to increased (45.20% vs 29.62%; P < 0.05) pregnancy outcomes and higher (P < 0.01) ovulation rate to first GnRH of Ovsynch than control. Cows showing complete luteolysis in response to PGF2α of Ovsynch were also higher (P < 0.05) in pre-OV than control. Greater (P < 0.05) synchronization rate was recorded in pre-OV than control (86.76% and 68.75%). The circulating concentrations of estradiol on day of AI and progesterone on day 12 post-AI were higher (P < 0.01) in cows diagnosed pregnant than non-pregnant in both control and pre-OV treatment. In conclusion, simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α 7 days before Ovsynch improved the synchronization rate and luteal profile in terms of CL area and hence resulted in higher conception rate in Hariana zebu cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitesh Saini
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Harender Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Virmani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India
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López-Gatius F. Revisiting the Timing of Insemination at Spontaneous Estrus in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243565. [PMID: 36552485 PMCID: PMC9774572 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cows show spontaneous estrus over 8-20 h but become refractory to the bull about 10-12 h before ovulation. This indicates that ovulation occurs 10-12 h after the end of estrus behavior, yet spermatozoa from the bull ejaculate need to undergo maturation and capacitation for 6 to 8 h in the female reproductive tract before they are capable of fertilization. Traditionally, the onset of estrus has been considered the best timing for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, that is, 6 to 24 h from the first signs of estrus. However, recent findings suggest this interval should be reduced to 16 to 6 h before ovulation, bringing it closer to the end of estrus. In this review, the end of estrus rather than its onset is proposed as the best guide for AI timing in dairy cattle, and physiological indicators of late estrus are discussed such as relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus, a lower cervical mucus viscosity and a softer pre-ovulatory follicular consistency as simple cues indicating a cow is ready for service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Subunit, Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300 Barbastro, Spain
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Estrus Prediction Models for Dairy Gyr Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113103. [PMID: 34827835 PMCID: PMC8614477 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intraruminal devices are already being used to predict reproductive events in cattle. For this prediction, several models and approaches can be used. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in rumen reticulum temperature (RRT) and activity (ACT) during estrus in Dairy Gyr heifers and to evaluate different models for estrus prediction. There was an increase in both RRT and ACT in the estrus period compared to the same period on the day before and the day after estrus. Among the mathematical models, Random Forest had the best performance. The present results suggest that RRT and ACT can contribute to the identification of estrus and be of value for improving the reproductive efficiency of Zebu herds in tropical regions. Abstract Technological devices are increasingly present in livestock activities, such as identifying the reproductive status of cows. For this, predictive models must be accurate and usable in the productive context. The aims of this study were to evaluate estrus-associated changes in reticulo-rumen temperature (RRT) and activity (ACT) in Dairy Gyr heifers provided by reticulo-rumen boluses and to test the ability of different models for estrus prediction. The RRT and ACT of 45 heifers submitted to estrus synchronization were recorded using reticulo-rumen boluses. The means of RRT and ACT at different time intervals were compared between the day before and the day of estrus manifestation. An analysis of variance of RRT and ACT was performed using mixed models. A second approach employed logistic regression, random forest, and linear discriminant analysis models using RRT, ACT, time of day, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) as predictors. There was an increase in RRT and ACT at estrus (p < 0.05) compared to the same period on the day before and on the day after estrus. The random forest model provided the best performance values with a sensitivity of 51.69% and specificity of 93.1%. The present results suggest that RRT and ACT contribute to the identification of estrus in Dairy Gyr heifers.
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Dias HP, Poole RK, Albuquerque JP, Dos Santos PH, Castilho ACS, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Progesterone dose during synchronization treatment alters luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA abundances in granulosa cells of Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106681. [PMID: 33421819 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate effects of progesterone (P4) dose on abundance of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), aromatase (CYP19A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1), and other steroidogenic mRNA transcripts in granulosa cells from dominant follicles. Nellore heifers were assigned to one of six groups: new, first-use controlled internal drug release device (CIDR1) inserted for 5 days (Large-P4-dose-D5; n = 7) or 6 days (Large-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), prostaglandin (PG)F2α administered on D0 and 1 previously-used CIDR (CIDR3) inserted for 5 days (Small- P4-dose-D5; n = 8) or 6 days (Small-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), CIDR1 inserted on D0 and removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Large-P4-dose-proestrus (PE); n = 7), and CIDR3 and PGF2α on D0 and 1, CIDR3 removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Small-P4-dose-PE; n = 7). Duration of P4 treatment (D5 compared to D6) affected abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts, with there being greater abundances on D6 than D5 (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated with the large dose of P4 had a smaller dominant follicle, less serum and intra-follicular estradiol (E2) concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) and lesser LHCGR, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1 transcript abundances (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated to induce PE had a larger follicle diameter (P = 0.09), greater intra-follicular E2 concentrations and larger abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcript (P ≤ 0.05) than heifers of the D6 group. Overall, treatment with larger doses of P4 resulted in lesser abundances of LHCGR, HSD3B1, and CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts; thus, potentially leading to development of smaller dominant follicles and lesser E2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Dias
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J P Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - P H Dos Santos
- Institue of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - A C S Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Infrared thermography reveals surface body temperature changes during proestrus and estrus reproductive phases in Gyr heifers (Bos taurus indicus). J Therm Biol 2020; 92:102662. [PMID: 32888565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to detect body surface temperature variation of body regions during the proestrus and estrus phases of the reproductive cycle of Gyr heifers and investigate environmental factors that could affect these measurements. Fifty-seven heifers were submitted to an ovulation synchronization protocol. This was followed by monitoring the heifers every 12 h over 60 h. Heifers were monitored for rectal and vaginal temperature using a digital thermometer. The surface temperature of the eye, vulva, and muzzle regions were monitored by IRT. Meteorological data was recorded for temperature and humidity. Observation of sexual behavior was performed to monitor estrus onset. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to identify the dominant follicle and confirm ovulation of all heifers. We observed a decrease in temperature of the rectum and vagina, as well as in the eye and vulva regions within the first 12 h after the completion of the synchronization. This period coincides with the expected proestrus phase of the estrous cycle. A progressive increase in all temperatures was noticed in the following 36 h, which coincides with the estrus phase of the reproductive cycle. The regions evaluated around the vulva and eye exhibited the highest temperature and experienced less environmental distortion than the muzzle area thermographs. Environmental factors, such as rainfall and temperature-humidity index, influenced the IRT readings altering the radiation patterns detected. In conclusion, IRT is an effective method to detect temperature variation during the proestrus and estrus phases in Gyr heifers. Furthermore, biological and environmental effects should be considered when collecting and interpreting IRT data in livestock.
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Ramachandran R, Vinothkumar A, Sankarganesh D, Suriyakalaa U, Aathmanathan VS, Kamalakkannan S, Nithya V, Angayarkanni J, Archunan G, Akbarsha MA, Achiraman S. Detection of estrous biomarkers in the body exudates of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) from interplay of hormones and behavioral expressions. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106392. [PMID: 32105888 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral expressions and biochemical composition of body exudates are significantly altered in concert with the endocrine status, which are all clear indicators of physiological conditions of animals. In this study, we sought to infer about the reproductive physiological status of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) by analyzing behaviors, endocrine pattern, and body exudates and further to discover estrous biomarkers so as to facilitate timely artificial insemination/mating and to aid in aspects of conservation of the species. Therefore, in this study, we followed Kangayam cows through pre-estrous to post-estrous phases to correlate the endocrine dependence of biochemical constituents in urine and cervical mucus and sought to identify estrous biomarkers. Behavioral estrus was confirmed in 10 cows, from which urine samples were collected and subjected to determination of LH, FSH, estrogens, progesterone, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, urinary fatty acids and proteins were profiled using gas chromatography and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The volatile compounds in the urine and cervical mucus were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The data revealed that LH, FSH, and estrogen levels increased significantly in estrous urine compared with nonestrous urine, whereas progesterone status was vice versa (P < 0.05). The lipid content was also significantly higher in estrous urine than in pre- and post-estrous urines (P < 0.05). There were also cyclical variations of volatiles and fatty acid profiles across phases of the estrous cycle. More acidic compounds were present in estrous urine, rendering it more acidic, than in pre- and post-estrous urines. Interestingly, oleic acid, which was present as a fatty acid in estrous and post-estrous urines, appeared to be a volatile in post-estrous urine and estrous cervical mucus. In addition, octanoic and butanoic acids were specific to both estrous urine and cervical mucus, indicating their possible candidature as estrous biomarkers. SDS-PAGE analysis showed pronounced expression of a 98 kDa protein in post-estrous urine, which in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was identified as albumin. Our results demonstrate multiple biomarkers in estrous urine and specific volatiles in cervical mucus that offer scope to develop viable estrus detection kits for Kangayam cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramachandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - A Vinothkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - D Sankarganesh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu 626126, India
| | - U Suriyakalaa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - V S Aathmanathan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - S Kamalakkannan
- Department of Zoology, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620017, India
| | - V Nithya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - J Angayarkanni
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - G Archunan
- Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - M A Akbarsha
- Research Co-ordinator, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620001, India
| | - S Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
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Cooke RF, Cardoso RC, Cerri RLA, Lamb GC, Pohler KG, Riley DG, Vasconcelos JLM. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: genetic and reproductive considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5709616. [PMID: 31955201 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to understand biological functions and develop management schemes specific to Bos indicus-influenced cattle raised in tropical and subtropical environments are critical to meet the increasing global demand for protein. In the United States, B. indicus breeds are mostly used to generate B. indicus × B. taurus crosses with increased thermal and parasite tolerance, while retaining some productive characteristics of B. taurus cattle. Although crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve cattle adaptation almost immediately, research has also attempted to identify B. taurus genetics that can withstand subtropical and tropical climates. Reduced milk production and delayed reproductive maturation appear to be related with tropical adaptation of B. taurus breeds, as a means to conserve energy under stressful conditions and limited nutrition. Moreover, longevity may be the ultimate adaptation response to unfavorable environments, and retention of bulls and heifers from proven cows is the recommended strategy to improve longevity in B. indicus-influenced herds. Besides selection for longevity, other aspects should be considered when planning reproductive management in tropical and subtropical regions. Bos indicus and B. taurus breeds have multiple differences pertaining to reproductive function, including age at puberty, ovarian dynamics, and pregnancy development. Nutritional strategies such as the stair-step regimen, and use of exogenous progesterone (P4) inserts are options to hasten puberty attainment of late-maturing B. indicus-influenced heifers. Yet, limited pharmacological alternatives are available for reproductive management of B. indicus-influenced females in the United States, which rely on GnRH-based protocols not specifically designed to the reproductive function of B. indicus breeds. In contrast, hormonal protocols based on exogenous P4, estradiol esters, and equine chorionic gonadotropin are available for use in B. indicus females in South America. These include protocols tailored to prepubertal heifers, anestrous cows, and cycling nulliparous or parous females, which often yield pregnancy rates of 50% to fixed-time artificial insemination. The global dairy industry also faces similar challenges in increasing demand and production as the beef industry. Selection of cows capable of sustaining optimal milk yield, reproductive success, and health status in hot and humid conditions is essential for optimal dairy production in subtropical and tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Araújo M, Barbosa L, Biscarde C, Mendes C, Lents M, Pinheiro E, França C, Jesus R. Diferentes momentos de aplicação de gonadotrofina coriônica equina em protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo para vacas de leite. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Avaliaram-se diferentes momentos de aplicação da gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) para vacas de leite. Foram utilizadas 76 fêmeas, as quais receberam, no dia zero (D0) do protocolo, dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona, sendo esses retirados no D9, e os animais foram, então, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: T1 - aplicação de eCG no momento da retirada dos dispositivos; T2 e T3 - aplicação de eCG 48h e 24h antes da retirada dos dispositivos, respectivamente. No D10 os animais receberam 1mg de GnRH, e a IATF foi realizada 52 horas após a retirada do implante. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para intervalo entre a retirada do implante à ovulação (72,56±3,92h), o diâmetro do maior folículo no D9 (10,88±1,49mm), o diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (15,15±1,16mm) e do segundo maior folículo (7,49±0,52mm), a taxa de crescimento folicular (1,38±0,04mm/dia), a taxa de ovulação (96,67%), o intervalo entre diâmetro final e inicial do folículo dominante (73,49±3,84h), a área de corpo lúteo (2,27±0,43cm²), a porcentagem de CL no ovário direito (53,00%) e no esquerdo (26,33%) e a taxa de gestação (33,33%). O momento da aplicação da eCG não influenciou na eficiência do protocolo. Recomenda-se a utilização da eCG no momento da retirada do implante por otimização do manejo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - L.P. Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - C.S. Mendes
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - M.P. Lents
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - C.S. França
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - R.D.L. Jesus
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
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Choudhary S, Lal Kamboj M. Effect of bull biostimulation on the oestrous behaviour of pubertal Sahiwal (Bos indicus) heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106149. [PMID: 31514934 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine effects of biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers through fenceline bull contact and fenceline combined with direct bull contact on oestrous behaviour when there was ovulation occurring in the absence of behavioural oestrus ("silent oestrus - SE) and overt behavioural oestrus (OBE). Prepubertal Sahiwal heifers were allotted to three treatments (T0, T1, T2, n = 8 heifers/treatment). In the T0 group, there was no bull exposure; in T1, exposure to a bull through fenceline contact for 24 h and in T2, exposure to a bull as in T1 along with direct bull contact with another bull for a 6 -h period daily. The oestrous behaviours were recorded on day (d) -3, -2 and -1 (prior to oestrus), d 0 (day of oestrus) and d +3, +2 and +1 (post-estrus). With both SE and OBE, the mean frequency of sniffing, micturition, chin resting and standing to be mounted differed (P < 0.05) from d -2 to d +1 among treatment groups. The mean times devoted to eating, ruminating and lying during SE and OBE were less (P < 0.05) on d-1 and d 0 in heifers of all three groups than the respective values on reference days in both T1 and T2 groups. Biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers with bull exposure, therefore, resulted in greater expression of oestrous behaviour than in non-exposed heifers during the periods around when there was SE and OBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Choudhary
- Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Madan Lal Kamboj
- Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
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Cavalieri J. Absence of a corpus luteum and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during the period of pre-ovulatory follicle emergence results in lesser pregnancy rates in Bos indicus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:39-49. [PMID: 30853120 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of progesterone before AI have had variable effects on fertility in both Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. The aim of this study was to determine if fertility and concentrations of progesterone after AI were affected in Bos indicus females when pre-ovulatory follicles develop in the absence or presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Between 6.5-7.5 days after a synchronised oestrus, all follicles ≥4 mm in diameter were aspirated (Day 0) and cloprostenol was administered on Days 0 and 1 (LP4, n = 36) or on Days 4 and 5 (HP4, n = 40). Animals were inseminated on detection of oestrus until Day 9. Breeding continued using natural mating between Days 9 and 19, AI on detection of oestrus between Day 19 and 29 and natural mating between Days 29-90. Mean concentrations of progesterone were less on Days 2-4 in the LP4 compared to the HP4-treated animals but similar on Days 14 and 20. In the LP4- compared to the HP4-treated animals, the odds of being detected in oestrus and ovulating close to the first AI were similar, but odds of pregnancy to first AI (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.52) and after 1, 4 and 13 weeks of breeding were less (P ≤ 0.051). Absence of a CL and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during emergence of pre-ovulatory follicles resulted in lesser pregnancy rates to AI in Bos indicus cattle but did not affect concentrations of P4 after ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Qld 4811, Australia.
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Rodrigues WB, Jara JDP, Borges JC, Fialho de Oliveira LO, Gomes de Abreu UP, Anache NA, Casanova da Silva K, Bezerra ADO, Cardoso CJT, Nogueira E. Efficiency of mating, artificial insemination or resynchronisation at different times after first timed artificial insemination in postpartum Nellore cows to produce crossbred calves. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to evaluate different post-timed artificial insemination (TAI) reproductive managements in postpartum beef cows to produce crossbred calves from artificial insemination (AI). Nellore cows (n = 607), with 45 days postpartum, were inseminated at a fixed time, using a protocol that included an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device along with oestradiol benzoate, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotropin, and oestradiol cypionate, followed TAI 48 h post-device removal. Four post-TAI treatments were evaluated: in CONTROL (T1, n = 161), cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). In OBSERVATION (T2, n = 132), heat detection was performed for 15–25 days post-TAI, followed by AI. In RESYNC22 (T3, n = 157) and RESYNC30 (T4, n = 157), resynchronisation started after 22 or 30 days, following second TAI at Day 32 or 40 days after first TAI. In T2, T3 and T4, after the second AI, cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). The pregnancy rate (PR) for the first TAI did not differ (54.6%, 53.0%, 59.2%, and 51.6% for CONTROL, OBSERVATION, RESYNC 22, and RESYNC 30, respectively; P = 0.66), and no difference was observed for the second TAI (RESYNC 22 = 45.31% and RESYNC30 = 46.05%; P = 0.137), in the PR at the end of the breeding season (86.33%, 86.36%, 78.98%, and 81.52%, P = 0.43), or embryonic losses (4.54%, 2.85%, 6.45% and 7.40%, respectively; P = 0.61), but the percentage of crossbred pregnancy was higher in groups with resynchronisation (RESYNC22 and RESYNC30) than CONTROL and OBSERVATION (98.38%, 90.62%, 63.30%, 78.95%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, resynchronisation programs of 22 or 30 days are more efficient to produce AI products, and the final pregnancy rate is similar among the treatments, differing only in the amount of calves produced by AI.
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Reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef cows treated with different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin at the end of a progesterone-estrogen based protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2018; 118:150-156. [PMID: 29906665 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to evaluate the reproductive performance of zebu beef cows treated with different doses of eCG at the end of a progesterone (P4)/estrogen based protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI). In Experiment 1, suckling Bos indicus Nelore cows (n = 261) received, on day 0, a progesterone (P4) intravaginal device (PD) and an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB). On day 8, the PD was removed, 500 μg of cloprostenol was injected, and cows were assigned to one of the following groups: Control (no treatment), 300 (300 IU of eCG), 600 (600 IU of eCG), and 900 (900 IU of eCG). On day 9, all cows received 1 mg EB and TAI performed 54-56 h after cloprostenol injection. A pregnancy diagnosis was done by ultrasound scanning 40 days after TAI, and the number of fetuses and calves was recorded at pregnancy diagnosis and at birth. More cows treated with eCG displayed estrus within 48 h after removal of the PD (42.3% vs. 11.6%, P < 0.01), and ovulated more than one follicle (42%, 58/138 vs. 1.8%, 1/54; P < 0.01). This effect on ovulation rate was dose dependent (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate was affected only by cow parity (primiparous, 25.3% vs. multiparous, 48.9%; P < 0.01). Twin pregnancy was higher (P < 0.01) in cows treated with eCG (42%, 58/138) than controls (0%, 0/54). However, few cows (33.3%) were able to keep both fetuses intact until birth. For evaluation of ovarian characteristics by B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, 43 Nelore cows were submitted In Experiment 2 to the same four groups described in Experiment 1. Although no difference (P > 0.1) was observed for size and blood perfusion in the pre-ovulatory follicles, corpus luteum was larger and with greater blood perfusion (P < 0.05) in eCG-treated cows. In conclusion, eCG increased the number of double/multiple ovulations in a dose-dependent manner, induced larger and more vascularized corpora lutea, but did not affect the fertility of cyclic or anestrous cows. Although eCG results in twin pregnancies, most of cows underwet embryo/fetus loss and birth a single calf.
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Hassan M, Sattar A, Bilal M, Avais M, Ahmad N. Evaluation of changes in blood flow of the uterine artery by Doppler ultrasonography during the estrous cycle in lactating Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ferraz PA, Loiola MVG, Rodrigues AS, Lima MCC, Bittencourt TCBDSCD, Ribeiro Filho ADL. THE EFFECT OF THE INTENSITY OF ESTRUS EXPRESSION ON THE FOLLICULAR DIAMETER AND FERTILITY OF NELLORE COWS MANAGED UNDER A FTAI PROGRAM. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-37643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of estrus expression on the ovulatory follicle diameter (OFD) and its effect on the conception rate in zebu females managed under a FTAI program. On a random day of the estrous cycle, day 0, 308 Nellore females received an intravaginal progesterone device and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate were administered intramuscularly (IM). On day 8, the progesterone device was removed, and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin, 150 µg of d-cloprostenol, and 1.0 mg of estradiol cypionate were administered IM. The animals were then painted with animal marker spray between the sacral tuberosity and the tailhead. On day 10, the animals were categorized into three groups: no estrus expression (n = 78), low intensity of estrus expression (n = 66) and high intensity of estrus expression (n = 164). The OFD was then measured, and artificial insemination (AI) was performed. The results suggest that determining the intensity of estrus expression is a good parameter to identify females with greater follicular diameter and increased fertility in Nellore cows submitted to a FTAI protocol.
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Dorneles Tortorella R, Nogueira GDP, Modesto MR, Passoni Silva PC, da Silva JP, Neves JP, Ramos AF. Characterizing emergence and divergence in the first follicular wave in a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed. Theriogenology 2017; 88:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hassan M, Husnain A, Naveed MI, Riaz U, Ahmad N. Effect of ovsynch versus prostaglandin F2αprotocol on estrus response, ovulation rate, timing of ovulation and pregnancy per artificial insemination in Sahiwal cows. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:445-450. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mubbashar Hassan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ali Husnain
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Naveed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Umair Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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Esterman RD, Alava EN, Austin BR, Hersom MJ, Yelich JV. Select Synch and Co-Synch protocols using a CIDR yield similar pregnancy rates after a fixed-time insemination in suckled Bos indicus × Bos taurus cows. Theriogenology 2016; 85:870-876. [PMID: 26631280 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primiparous and multiparous suckled Bos indicus × Bos taurus cows were used to compare a Select Synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and timed artificial insemination (AI) protocol (SSC) to a modified CO-Synch + CIDR protocol (COS). Five separate groups of cows were utilized (n = 659) and within a group, cows were allotted to two treatments on the basis of body condition score (BCS) taken 10 days before and days postpartum at CIDR insertion (Day 0). Blood samples were collected on Day -10 and 0 for assessment of circulating concentrations of progesterone to determine estrous cycling status. Cows in both treatments received intramuscular (im) GnRH (100 μg) and a CIDR inserted on Day 0. On Day 7, the SSC treatment had CIDR removed and received im PGF2α (25 mg), whereas COS treatment had CIDR removed and received im PGF2α (25 mg) on Day 7.5. In the SSC treatment, estrus was detected daily at 0700 and 1700 hours for 72 hours after PGF2α administration, and cows were artificially inseminated 8 to 12 hours after a detected estrus. Cows failing to exhibit estrus were subjected to timed-AI and received im GnRH (100 μg) 76 ± 4 hours after PGF2α administration. In the COS treatment, cows received im GnRH (100 μg) and were fixed-time artificially inseminated at 64 ± 4 hours after PGF2α administration. Although group differences (P < 0.05) existed for synchronized AI pregnancy rates, there were no significant interactions of group with any variable analyzed; hence, groups were pooled for further evaluation. Within the SSC treatment, the 72-hour estrous response was 50.6% (168 of 332). Conception rate of cows in estrus was 66.1% (111 of 168), and timed-AI pregnancy rate for nonresponders was 32.3% (53 of 164). Overall synchronized AI pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) for SSC (49.4%; n = 164 of 332) and COS (47.1%; n = 154 of 327). Estrous cycling status and days postpartum did not (P > 0.05) influence synchronized AI pregnancy rates but BCS did (P < 0.05). Cows with a BCS greater than or equal to 5 had synchronized AI pregnancy rates of 50% compared to 39% for cows with BCS lesser than 5.0. In summary, the modified COS protocol yielded similar synchronized AI pregnancy rates compared to the SSC protocol, and it appears that the modified COS protocol has the potential to be an effective timed-AI protocol in suckled Bos indicus × Bos taurus cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina D Esterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erin N Alava
- Department of Animal Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brad R Austin
- Department of Animal Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew J Hersom
- Department of Animal Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joel V Yelich
- Department of Animal Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Dhami AJ, Nakrani BB, Hadiya KK, Patel JA, Shah RG. Comparative efficacy of different estrus synchronization protocols on estrus induction response, fertility and plasma progesterone and biochemical profile in crossbred anestrus cows. Vet World 2015; 8:1310-6. [PMID: 27047035 PMCID: PMC4774743 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1310-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate estrus induction response and fertility including plasma progesterone and biochemical profile following use of three standard hormonal protocols in anestrus crossbred cows. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 40 true anestrus and 10 normal cyclic cows. 10 anestrus cows each were treated with standard intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device, Ovsynch (GPG) protocol, and Norgestomet ear implant with fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). 10 anestrus cows were kept as untreated control while 10 cows exhibiting the first estrus within 90 days postpartum without any treatment served as normal cyclic control. Blood samples were obtained from treated cows on day 0, 7, 9 (AI) of treatment and day 21 post-AI, and from control groups on the day of AI and day 21 post-AI for estimation of plasma progesterone, protein, cholesterol, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus profile. Results: The use of CIDR, Ovsynch, and Norgestomet ear implant protocols resulted in 100% estrus induction with conception rates at induced estrus of 60%, 50%, and 50%, and the overall of three cycles as 80%, 80%, and 70%. In untreated anestrus control (n=10), only three cows exhibited spontaneous estrus within 90 days of follow-up and conceived giving the first service and overall conception rates of 66.66% and 30.00%, respectively. In normal cyclic control (n=10), the conception rates at first and overall of three cycles were 50% and 80%. The overall mean plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations in anestrus cows studied on day 0 (initiation), 7 (prostaglandin injection and/or removal of implant), 9 (FTAI) of treatment and on day 21 post-AI revealed that the values on day 7 and 21 were significantly (p<0.01) higher than other two periods in all three groups. The concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher in conceived than non-conceived group on day 21 post-AI in CIDR (4.36±0.12 vs. 1.65±0.82 ng/ml) and Ovsynch (4.85±0.62 vs. 1.59±0.34 ng/ml), but not in Norgestomet ear implant (4.50±0.53 vs. 3.02±1.15 ng/ml) or normal cyclic group (5.39±0.67 vs. 3.13±0.37 ng/ml). The cholesterol and protein levels were significantly higher, but not the calcium and phosphorus, in normal cyclic control than in anestrus groups. The influence of treatment days and pregnancy status was not significant for any of the biochemical constituents in any of the groups. Conclusion: Ovsynch and/or CIDR synchronization protocol can be effectively used to improve fertility up to 80% in anestrus cows, as compared to 30% in anestrus control, combined with plasma progesterone to delineate the reproductive status before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dhami
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - B B Nakrani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - K K Hadiya
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - J A Patel
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - R G Shah
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
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Quezada A, Avendaño L, Macías U, Ramírez JA, Rivas RR. Estrous behavior, ovulatory follicle dynamics, and corpus luteum size in Creole cows after spontaneous or prostaglandin F2α-induced estrous. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v28n4a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sales J, Carvalho J, Crepaldi G, Soares J, Girotto R, Maio J, Souza J, Baruselli P. Effect of circulating progesterone concentration during synchronization for fixed-time artificial insemination on ovulation and fertility in Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cows. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1093-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barreiros T, Blaschi W, Santos G, Morotti F, Andrade E, Baruselli P, Seneda M. Dynamics of follicular growth and progesterone concentrations in cyclic and anestrous suckling Nelore cows (Bos indicus) treated with progesterone, equine chorionic gonadotropin, or temporary calf removal. Theriogenology 2014; 81:651-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quezada-Casasola A, Avendaño-Reyes L, Ramírez-Godínez JA, Macías-Cruz U, Correa-Calderón A. Behavioural, follicular and hormonal characteristics of the oestrous cycle of Mexican Criollo cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to describe the behavioural, ovarian and hormonal characteristics of the oestrous cycle of Criollo cattle. Twenty-two cycling cows subjected to oestrus synchronisation were used to take blood samples every 4 h, to determine luteinising hormone (LH) until ovulation was detected by ultrasound and then every 24 h until the subsequent naturally occurring ovulation to determine progesterone concentrations. At the onset of synchronised oestrus, ovaries were examined by ultrasound every 8 h to determine dominant follicles until ovulation was detected, and daily afterwards to observe ovarian dynamics until the onset of the subsequent spontaneous behavioural oestrus. Time from oestrus to ovulation was higher in synchronised than in spontaneous oestrus (P < 0.01). Time from LH surge to ovulation was 40.5 h. When two- and three-wave cycles were compared, inter-ovulatory intervals were similar, growth rate of the preovulatory follicle was lower in two-wave cycles, time from onset of ovulatory wave to ovulation was higher in cycles with two waves and time from oestrus to ovulation was higher in three-wave cycles (P < 0.01). Corpus luteum volume averaged 1.3 cm3 and progesterone concentration peaked at an average 6.5 ng/mL. LH peak averaged 33.5 ng/mL during oestrus in all cows. Ovulatory follicle diameter ranged from 8 to 12 mm in either two- or three-wave cycles. Results suggested that overall times from oestrus and LH peak to ovulation are longer in Criollo cows than those in other breeds. This, along with information about growth rate, size and age of ovulatory follicles, may have implications for reviewing the optimum time for artificial insemination and how reproductive technologies are applied to Criollo cattle.
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Vasconcelos JLM, de Sá Filho OG, Cooke RF. Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in South America. CURRENT AND FUTURE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND WORLD FOOD PRODUCTION 2014; 752:161-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Campos J, Marinho L, Lunardelli P, Morotti F, Seneda M. Resynchronization of estrous cycle with eCG and temporary calf removal in lactating Bos indicus cows. Theriogenology 2013; 80:619-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sá Filho MF, Marques MO, Girotto R, Santos FA, Sala RV, Barbuio JP, Baruselli PS. Resynchronization with unknown pregnancy status using progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2013; 81:284-90. [PMID: 24139935 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the use of resynchronization (RESYNCH) protocols using a progestin-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in beef cattle. In experiment 1, 475 cyclic Nelore heifers were resynchronized 22 days after the first TAI using two different inducers of new follicular wave emergence (estradiol benzoate [EB; n = 241] or GnRH [n = 234]) with the insertion of a norgestomet ear implant. At ear implant removal (7 days later), a pregnancy test was performed, and nonpregnant heifers received a dose of prostaglandin plus 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate, with a timed insemination 48 hours later. The pregnancy rate after the first TAI was similar (P = 0.97) between treatments (EB [41.9%] vs. GnRH [41.5%]). However, EB-treated heifers (49.3%) had a greater (P = 0.04) pregnancy per AI (P/AI) after the resynchronization than the GnRH-treated heifers (37.2%). In experiment 2, the pregnancy loss in 664 zebu females (344 nonlactating cows and 320 cyclic heifers) between 30 and 60 days after resynchronization was evaluated. Females were randomly assigned to one of two groups (RESYNCH 22 days after the first TAI [n = 317] or submitted only to natural mating [NM; n = 347]). Females from the NM group were maintained with bulls from 15 to 30 days after the first TAI. The RESYNC-treated females were resynchronized 22 days after the first TAI using 1 mg of EB on the first day of the resynchronization, similar to experiment 1. No difference was found in P/AI (NM [57.1%] vs. RESYNC [61.5%]; P = 0.32) or pregnancy loss (NM [2.0%] vs. RESYNC [4.1%]; P = 0.21) after the first TAI. Moreover, the overall P/AI after the RESYNCH protocol was 47.5%. Thus, the administration of 1 mg of EB on day 22 after the first TAI, when the pregnancy status was undetermined, promotes a higher P/AI in the resynchronized TAI than the use of GnRH. Also, the administration of 1 mg of EB 22 days after the TAI did not affect the preestablished pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sá Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, FMVZ/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - R Girotto
- RG Genética Avançada, Agua Boa, MT, Brazil
| | - F A Santos
- RG Genética Avançada, Agua Boa, MT, Brazil
| | - R V Sala
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, FMVZ/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - P S Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, FMVZ/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Barros CM, Satrapa RA, Castilho ACS, Fontes PK, Razza EM, Ereno RL, Nogueira MFG. Effect of superstimulatory treatments on the expression of genes related to ovulatory capacity, oocyte competence and embryo development in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:17-25. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple ovulation (superovulation) and embryo transfer has been used extensively in cattle. In the past decade, superstimulatory treatment protocols that synchronise follicle growth and ovulation, allowing for improved donor management and fixed-time AI (FTAI), have been developed for zebu (Bos indicus) and European (Bos taurus) breeds of cattle. There is evidence that additional stimulus with LH (through the administration of exogenous LH or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)) on the last day of the superstimulatory treatment protocol, called the ‘P-36 protocol’ for FTAI, can increase embryo yield compared with conventional protocols that are based on the detection of oestrus. However, inconsistent results with the use of hormones that stimulate LH receptors (LHR) have prompted further studies on the roles of LH and its receptors in ovulatory capacity (acquisition of LHR in granulosa cells), oocyte competence and embryo quality in superstimulated cattle. Recent experiments have shown that superstimulation with FSH increases mRNA expression of LHR and angiotensin AT2 receptors in granulosa cells of follicles >8 mm in diameter. In addition, FSH decreases mRNA expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in oocytes, but increases the expression of both in cumulus cells, without diminishing the capacity of cumulus–oocyte complexes to generate blastocysts. Although these results indicate that superstimulation with FSH is not detrimental to oocyte competence, supplementary studies are warranted to investigate the effects of superstimulation on embryo quality and viability. In addition, experiments comparing the cellular and/or molecular effects of adding eCG to the P-36 treatment protocol are being conducted to elucidate the effects of superstimulatory protocols on the yield of viable embryos.
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Simões RA, Satrapa RA, Rosa FS, Piagentini M, Castilho AC, Ereno RL, Trinca LA, Nogueira MF, Buratini J, Barros CM. Ovulation rate and its relationship with follicle diameter and gene expression of the LH receptor (LHR) in Nelore cows. Theriogenology 2012; 77:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Behavioural signs of estrus and their relationship to time of ovulation in Zebu (Sahiwal) cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:140-5. [PMID: 22178054 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Maziero RRD, Martins AC, Mollo MR, Martin I, Bastos MR, Ferreira JCP, Rumpf R, Sartori R. Ovarian function in cows submitted to acute stress during proestrus. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pegorer MF, Ereno R, Satrapa R, Pinheiro V, Trinca L, Barros C. Neither plasma progesterone concentrations nor exogenous eCG affects rates of ovulation or pregnancy in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols for puberal Nellore heifers. Theriogenology 2011; 75:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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de Sá Filho OG, Vasconcelos JLM. Treatments to Optimize the Use of Artificial Insemination and Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle under Tropical Environments. Vet Med Int 2010; 2011:923053. [PMID: 21076547 PMCID: PMC2976513 DOI: 10.4061/2011/923053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bos indicus cattle, the preferred genetic group in tropical climates, are characterized by having a lower reproductive efficiency than Bos taurus. The reasons for the poorer reproductive efficiency of the Bos indicus cows include longer lengths of gestation and postpartum anestrus, a short length of estrous behavior with a high incidence of estrus occurring during the dark hours, and puberty at older age and at a higher percentage of body weight relative to mature body weight. Moreover, geography, environment, economics, and social traditions are factors contributing for a lower use of reproductive biotechnologies in tropical environments. Hormonal protocols have been developed to resolve some of the reproductive challenges of the Bos indicus cattle and allow artificial insemination, which is the main strategy to hasten genetic improvement in commercial beef ranches. Most of these treatments use exogenous sources of progesterone associated with strategies to improve the final maturation of the dominant follicle, such as temporary weaning and exogenous gonadotropins. These treatments have caused large impacts on reproductive performance of beef cattle reared under tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocilon Gomes de Sá Filho
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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36
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The effects of ambient temperature and humidity on pregnancy rate in Beefmaster cows in a subtropical environment of Mexico. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barros CM, Ereno RL, Simões RAL, Fernandes P, Buratini J, Nogueira MFG. Use of knowledge regarding LH receptors to improve superstimulatory treatments in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:132-7. [PMID: 20003855 DOI: 10.1071/rd09227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer is a biotechnology that has been used worldwide to increase the production of offspring from female bovines. Treatments to induce multiple ovulations (superovulation) have evolved from superstimulatory protocols that depended upon detection of oestrus to treatments that synchronise follicle growth and ovulation, allowing for improved donor management and fixed-timed AI (FTAI). The protocols associated with FTAI facilitate animal handling and produce at least as many viably embryos as conventional treatment protocols that required detection of oestrus. Recent knowledge regarding LH receptors (LHR) and follicular development can be applied to improve embryo transfer protocols. In fact, improvements in the superstimulatory treatment called the 'P-36 protocol', which include hormones that stimulate LHR, indicate that adjustments related to LHR availability may increase bovine embryo yield compared with conventional protocols based on the detection of oestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro M Barros
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), 18618-000, Botucatu-SP, Brazil.
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Sá Filho O, Dias C, Lamb G, Vasconcelos J. Progesterone-based estrous synchronization protocols in non-suckled and suckled primiparous Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 119:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Filho OGS, Vilela ER, Geary TW, Vasconcelos JLM. Strategies to improve fertility in postpartum multiparous Bos indicus cows submitted to a fixed-time insemination protocol with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin F2α1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:2806-14. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Progesterone concentrations, exogenous equine chorionic gonadotropin, and timing of prostaglandin F2α treatment affect fertility in postpuberal Nelore heifers. Theriogenology 2009; 72:378-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Meneghetti M, Filho OS, Peres R, Lamb G, Vasconcelos J. Fixed-time artificial insemination with estradiol and progesterone for Bos indicus cows I: Basis for development of protocols. Theriogenology 2009; 72:179-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Sá Filho OG, Patterson DJ, Vasconcelos JLM. Development of estrous synchronization protocols using melengestrol acetate in Bos indicus cattle. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1981-90. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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43
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Sá Filho OG, Thatcher WW, Vasconcelos JLM. Effect of progesterone and/or estradiol treatments prior to induction of ovulation on subsequent luteal lifespan in anestrous Nelore cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 112:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Satrapa RA, Pinheiro VG, Ereno RL, Membrive CMB, Piagentini M, Binelli M, Barros CM. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α release in response to oxytocin challenge early post-partum in anoestrous Nelore cows submitted to temporary calf removal and progesterone priming. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:881-7. [PMID: 19392666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated, in early post-partum anoestrous Nelore cows, if the increase in plasma oestradiol (E2) concentrations in the pre-ovulatory period and/or progesterone priming (P4 priming) preceding ovulation, induced by hormonal treatment, reduces the endogenous release of prostaglandin PGF(2)α and prevents premature lysis of the corpus luteum (CL). Nelore cows were subjected to temporary calf removal for 48 h and divided into two groups: GPE/eCG group (n = 10) and GPG/eCG group (n = 10). Animals of the GPE/eCG group were treated with a GnRH agonist. Seven days later, they received 400 IU of eCG, immediately after PGF(2)α treatment, and on day 0, 1.0 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB). Cows of the GPG/eCG group were similarly treated as those of the GPE/eCG group, except that EB was replaced with a second dose of GnRH. All animals were challenged with oxytocin (OT) 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after EB or GnRH administration and blood samples were collected before and 30 min after OT. Irrespective of the treatments, a decline in P4 concentration on day 18 was observed for cows without P4 priming. However, animals exposed to P4 priming, treated with EB maintained high P4 concentrations (8.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml), whereas there was a decline in P4 on day 18 (2.1 ± 1.0 ng/ml) for cows that received GnRH to induce ovulation (p < 0.01). Production of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F(2)α (PGFM) in response to OT increased between days 9 and 18 (p < 0.01), and this increase tended to be more evident in animals not exposed to P4 priming (p < 0.06). In conclusion, the increase in E2 during the pre-ovulatory period was not effective in inhibiting PGFM release, which was lower in P4-primed than in non-primed animals. Treatment with EB promoted the maintenance of elevated P4 concentrations 18 days after ovulation in P4-primed animals, indicating a possible beneficial effect of hormone protocols containing EB in animals with P4 priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Satrapa
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo State, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Pinheiro V, Souza A, Pegorer M, Satrapa R, Ereno R, Trinca L, Barros C. Effects of temporary calf removal and eCG on pregnancy rates to timed-insemination in progesterone-treated postpartum Nellore cows. Theriogenology 2009; 71:519-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Martin I, Torres Neto R, Oba E, Buratini Jr J, Binelli M, Laufer-Amorim R, Ferreira JCP. Immunohistochemical Detection of Receptors for Oestrogen and Progesterone in Endometrial Glands and Stroma during the Oestrous Cycle in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:415-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Carvalho J, Carvalho N, Reis E, Nichi M, Souza A, Baruselli P. Effect of early luteolysis in progesterone-based timed AI protocols in Bos indicus, Bos indicus×Bos taurus, and Bos taurus heifers. Theriogenology 2008; 69:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Forster K, Galina CS, Maquivar M, Van der Laan G, Arnoni R, Verduzco A. Assessment of the Intensity of Behavioural Traits and Ovulation between Synchronized and Non-synchronized Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 42:566-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Galina CS, Orihuela A. The detection of estrus in cattle raised under tropical conditions: what we know and what we need to know. Horm Behav 2007; 52:32-8. [PMID: 17482614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lack of accuracy in estrus detection in cattle is a major constraint affecting the implementation of techniques such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET). For this reason clinicians have opted to pharmacologically manipulate the estrus cycle. The advantages and shortcomings of using this approach to improve the implementation of AI and ET are discussed in this review. Moreover, in order to highlight the reasons why estrus detection is difficult in cows kept at grazing in the tropics, this review underlines social and behavioral traits hindering the capacity of the casual observer to accurately identify cows in estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México.
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50
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Nogueira MFG, Fragnito PS, Trinca LA, Barros CM. The effect of type of vaginal insert and dose of pLH on embryo production, following fixed-time AI in a progestin-based superstimulatory protocol in Nelore cattle. Theriogenology 2007; 67:655-60. [PMID: 17109947 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to analyze and report field data focusing on the effect of type of progesterone-releasing vaginal insert and dose of pLH on embryo production, following a superstimulatory protocol involving fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Nelore cattle (Bos taurus indicus). Donor heifers and cows (n = 68; 136 superstimulations over 2 years) received an intravaginal, progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR or DIB, with 1.9 or 1.0 g progesterone, respectively) and 3-4 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) i.m. at random stages of the estrous cycle. Five days later (designated Day 0), cattle were superstimulated with a total of 120-200 mg of pFSH (Folltropin-V), given twice daily in decreasing doses from Days 0 to 3. All cattle received two luteolytic doses of PGF2alpha at 08:00 and 20:00 h on Day 2 and progesterone inserts were removed at 20:00 h on Day 3 (36 h after the first PGF2alpha injection). Ovulation was induced with pLH (Lutropin-V, 12.5 or 25 mg, i.m.) at 08:00 h on Day 4 with FTAI 12, 24 and in several cases, 36 h later. Embryos were recovered on Days 11 or 12, graded and transferred to synchronous recipients. Overall, the mean (+/-S.E.M.) number of total ova/embryos (13.3 +/- 0.8) and viable embryos (9.4 +/- 0.6) and pregnancy rate (43.5%; 528/1213) did not differ among groups, but embryo viability rate (overall, 70.8%) was higher in donors with a DIB (72.3%) than a CIDR (68.3%, P = 0.007). In conclusion, the administration of pLH 12 h after progesterone removal in a progestin-based superstimulatory protocol facilitated fixed-time AI in Nelore donors, with embryo production, embryo viability and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer, comparable to published results where estrus detection and AI was done. Results suggested a possible alternative, which would eliminate the need for estrus detection in donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Gouveia Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Distrito de Rubiao Jr. s/n, 18618000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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