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Yılmaz A, Özkan H, Genceli Güner FE. Utilizing the Potential of Waste Hemp Reinforcement: Investigating Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene and Polylactic Acid Biocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8818-8828. [PMID: 38434852 PMCID: PMC10905589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hemp has gained significant popularity for its diverse applications; however, this study explores the untapped potential of waste hemp (wH) as a cost-effective and sustainable bioadditive for the development of high-performance biocomposites. wH offers advantages such as low cost, easy availability, and suitability for extrusion. Polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) served as polymer matrices for this investigation. In order to enhance the interaction between the wH and polymer matrices, alkaline and silane pretreatments were applied to the wHs of both matrices. At the same time, the MA-g-PP additive was used exclusively for the PP matrix. The resulting PP biocomposite demonstrated Young's modulus (2986 MPa) and flexural modulus (2490 MPa), surpassing those of neat PP by 109 and 77%, respectively. Similarly, wH40-PLA-A showed enhancements in the PLA biocomposite, with Young's modulus (6214 MPa) and flexural modulus (5970 MPa) representing an increase of 81 and 56% over that of neat PLA, respectively. The thermal properties and behaviors of the resulting biocomposites were minimally affected by the inclusion of wH as a bioadditive. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable materials and provides valuable insights into the utilization of wH as a valuable resource for the development of high-performance biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl Yılmaz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Arçelik
Çayırova Campus, R&D Material Technologies, R&D
Center, 34950 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. Elif Genceli Güner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Polar
Research Center (PolReC), Istanbul Technical
University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Cloning, expression, and characterization of a recombinant xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis T6. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265647. [PMID: 35298551 PMCID: PMC8929556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is one of industrial enzymes with diverse applications including the paper-bleaching industry and feed additives. Here, a strain having xylanolytic activity and identified as Bacillus sonorensis T6 was isolated from soil. A secretory enzyme was identified by mass-spectrometry as a xylanase of glycosyl hydrolase family 11, with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. The xylanase gene of Bacillus sonorensis T6 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (yielding an enzyme designated as rXynT6-E) and in Pichia pastoris (yielding rXynT6-P). The recombinant xylanases were found to have optimal activity at 47–55°C and pH 6.0–7.0. The recombinant xylanase expressed in P. pastoris has 40% higher thermal stability than that expressed in E. coli. The recombinant xylanases retained 100% of activity after 10 h incubation in the pH range 3–11 and 68% of activity after 1 h at pH 2.0. The xylanase activities of rXynT6-E and rXynT6-P under optimal conditions were 1030.2 and 873.8 U/mg, respectively. The good stability in a wide range of pH and moderate temperatures may make the xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis T6 useful for various biotechnological applications, e.g., as an enzyme additive in the feed industry.
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Combination of Autohydrolysis and Catalytic Hydrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Hemicellulose Oligosaccharides and Sugars. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different types of biomass sourced from forestry waste (eucalyptus residues), agricultural waste (wheat straw), and energy crop (miscanthus) were used as starting materials to produce hemicellulosic sugars, furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and oligosaccharides. A two-step hybrid process was implemented; biomass was first autohydrolysed without any additive to extract hemicelluloses and dissolve it in water. Then, the hydrolysate was treated with a solid acid catalyst, TiO2-WOx, in order to achieve hydrolysis and produce monomeric sugars and furans. This article investigates the role of the biomass type, autohydrolysis experimental conditions, polymerisation degree and composition of hemicelluloses on the performance of the process coupling autohydrolysis and catalytic hydrolysis. The highest global yields of both oligosaccharides and monomeric sugars were obtained from Eucalyptus (37% and 18%, respectively).
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Kishani S, Benselfelt T, Wågberg L, Wohlert J. Entropy drives the adsorption of xyloglucan to cellulose surfaces - A molecular dynamics study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:485-493. [PMID: 33429345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of nonionic polymers to cellulose is of large importance both in the plant cell wall during synthesis and for the development of sustainable materials from wood. Here, the thermodynamics of adsorption of the polysaccharide xyloglucan (XG) to both native and chemically modified cellulose with carboxyl groups was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy of adsorption was calculated as the potential of mean force between an XG oligomer and model cellulose surfaces in a range of temperatures from 298 K to 360 K. It was found that the adsorption near room temperature is an endothermic process dominated by the entropy of released interfacial water molecules. This was corroborated by quantitative assessment of the absolute entropy per water molecule both at the interface and in the bulk. In the case of native cellulose, the adsorption became exothermic at higher temperatures, while the relatively strong interactions between water and the charged groups of the oxidized cellulose impede such a transition. The results also indicate that the extraction of strongly associated hemicelluloses would be facilitated by low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Kishani
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Sweden.
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6
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Glucomannan based polyurethanes: A critical short review of recent advances and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Yamabhai M, Sak-Ubol S, Srila W, Haltrich D. Mannan biotechnology: from biofuels to health. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:32-42. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Loziuk PL, Parker J, Li W, Lin CY, Wang JP, Li Q, Sederoff RR, Chiang VL, Muddiman DC. Elucidation of Xylem-Specific Transcription Factors and Absolute Quantification of Enzymes Regulating Cellulose Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4158-68. [PMID: 26325666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose, the main chemical polymer of wood, is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.1 The ability to perturb the abundance and structure of cellulose microfibrils is of critical importance to the pulp and paper industry as well as for the textile, wood products, and liquid biofuels industries. Although much has been learned at the transcript level about the biosynthesis of cellulose, a quantitative understanding at the proteome level has yet to be established. The study described herein sought to identify the proteins directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis during wood formation in Populus trichocarpa along with known xylem-specific transcription factors involved in regulating these key proteins. Development of an effective discovery proteomic strategy through a combination of subcellular fractionation of stem differentiating xylem tissue (SDX) with recently optimized FASP digestion protocols, StageTip fractionation, as well as optimized instrument parameters for global proteomic analysis using the quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer resulted in the deepest proteomic coverage of SDX protein from P. trichocarpa with 9,146 protein groups being identified (1% FDR). Of these, 20 cellulosic/hemicellulosic enzymes and 43 xylem-specific transcription factor groups were identified. Finally, selection of surrogate peptides led to an assay for absolute quantification of 14 cellulosic proteins in SDX of P. trichocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Loziuk
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jennifer Parker
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ronald R Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Woodenberg WR, Pammenter NW, Farrant JM, Driouich A, Berjak P. Embryo cell wall properties in relation to development and desiccation in the recalcitrant-seeded Encephalartos natalensis (Zamiaceae) Dyer and Verdoorn. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:245-258. [PMID: 25015529 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are dynamic entities that may change with development, differ between plant species and tissue type and play an important role in responses to various stresses. In this regard, the present investigation employed immunocytochemistry to determine wall composition and possible changes during development of immature and mature embryos of the recalcitrant-seeded cycad Encephalartos natalensis. Fluorescent and gold markers, together with cryo-scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also used to analyse potential changes in the cell walls of mature embryos upon desiccation. Immature cell walls were characterised by low- and high methyl-esterified epitopes of pectin, rhamnogalacturonan-associated arabinan, and the hemicellulose xyloglucan. Arabinogalactan protein recognised by the LM2 antibody, along with rhamnogalacturonan-associated galactan and the hemicellulose xylan, were not positively localised using immunological probes, suggesting that the cell walls of the embryo of E. natalensis do not possess these epitopes. Interestingly, mature embryos appeared to be identical to immature ones with respect to the cell wall components investigated, implying that these may not change during the protracted post-shedding embryogenesis of this species. Drying appeared to induce some degree of cell wall folding in mature embryos, although this was limited by the abundant amyloplasts, which filled the cytomatrical space. Folding, however, was correlated with relatively high levels of wall plasticisers typified by arabinose polymers. From the results of this study, it is proposed that the embryo cell walls of E. natalensis are constitutively prepared for the flexibility required during cell growth and expansion, which may also facilitate the moderate cell wall folding observed in mature embryos upon drying. This, together with the abundant occurrence of amyloplasts in the cytomatrix, may provide sufficient mechanical stabilisation if water is lost, even though the seeds of this species are highly desiccation-sensitive.
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Yoo HD, Kim D, Paek SH. Plant cell wall polysaccharides as potential resources for the development of novel prebiotics. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:371-9. [PMID: 24009823 PMCID: PMC3762269 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of mostly less than 10, exhibit diverse biological activities that contribute to human health. Currently available prebiotics are mostly derived from disaccharides and simple polysaccharides found in plants. Subtle differences in the structures of oligosaccharides can cause significant differences in their prebiotic proper-ties. Therefore, alternative substances supplying polysaccharides that have more diverse and complex structures are necessary for the development of novel oligosaccharides that have actions not present in existing prebiotics. In this review, we show that structural polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, such as xylans and pectins, are particularly potential resources supplying broadly diverse polysaccharides to produce new prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Dong Yoo
- Chodang Pharmaceutical, Ansan 425-100, Republic of Korea
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11
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Fincher GB. MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BARLEY ENDOSPERM CELL WALLS. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1975.tb03672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Srikrishnan S, Chen W, Da Silva NA. Functional assembly and characterization of a modular xylanosome for hemicellulose hydrolysis in yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:275-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Viana AG, Noseda MD, Gonçalves AG, Duarte MER, Yokoya N, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo AS. β-d-(1→4), β-d-(1→3) ‘mixed linkage’ xylans from red seaweeds of the order Nemaliales and Palmariales. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1023-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Stevanic JS, Joly C, Mikkonen KS, Pirkkalainen K, Serimaa R, Rémond C, Toriz G, Gatenholm P, Tenkanen M, Salmén L. Bacterial nanocellulose-reinforced arabinoxylan films. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Abstract
The continuous cofermentation performance of xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis at 30 degrees C and pH 5.5 was characterized using a pure-sugar feed solution that contained 8 g/L glucose and 40 g/L xylose. Successful chemostat start up resulted in complete utilization of glucose and greater than 85% utilization of xylose, but was only reproducibly achieved using initial dilution rates at or less than 0.04/h; once initiated, cofermentation could be maintained at dilution rates of 0.04 to 0.10/h. Whereas xylose and cell-mass concentrations increased gradually with increasing dilution rate, ethanol concentrations and ethanol yields on available sugars remained approximately constant at 20-22 g/L and 80-90% of theoretical, respectively. Volumetric and specific ethanol productivities increased linearly with increasing dilution rate, rising from approx 1.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.04/h to approx 2.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.10/h. Similarly, specific sugar-utilization rates increased from approx 2.0 g/g/h at dilution rate 0.04/h to approx 3.5 g/g/h at dilution rate of 0.10/h. The estimated values of 0.042 g/g for the maximum Z. mobilis cell-mass yield on substrate and 1.13 g/g/h for the minimum specific substrate utilization rate required for cellular maintenance energy are within the range of values reported in the literature. Results are also presented which suggest that long-term adaptation in continuous culture is a powerful technique for developing strains with higher tolerance to inhibitory hemicellulose hydrolyzates.
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Wagschal K, Heng C, Lee CC, Robertson GH, Orts WJ, Wong DWS. Purification and Characterization of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 43 β-xylosidase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans IT-08. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 155:304-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Koshijima T, Timell TE, Zinbo M. The number-average molecular weight of native hardwood xylans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Wagschal K, Franqui-Espiet D, Lee CC, Kibblewhite-Accinelli RE, Robertson GH, Wong DW. Genetic and biochemical characterization of an α-l-arabinofuranosidase isolated from a compost starter mixture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Mierzwa M, Tokarzewska-Zadora J, Deptuła T, Rogalski J, Szczodrak J. Purification and characterization of an extracellular alpha-D-glucuronidase from Phlebia radiata. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2005; 35:243-56. [PMID: 16109636 DOI: 10.1081/pb-200065648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-D-glucuronidase was isolated from the culture filtrate of Phlebia radiata grown on wheat bran and purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods. The final enzymic preparation was purified 65-fold with an activity yield of 58%; it showed a high level of specific activity (over 23,000 nkat/mg protein). The molecular and hydrolytic properties of the purified enzyme were studied. The secreted alpha-glucuronidase had a molecular weight of 110 kDa, as established by gel permeation chromatography (GP HPLC), had a determined pI just below 4.4, and was stable at pH 5.5 for prolonged times. The carbohydrate content in protein molecules was found to be 15%. The activity of alpha-D-glucuronidase peaked at pH 3,8 and 60 degrees C with aldouronic acids preparation as the substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)), the maximum reaction velocity (V(max)), and the activation energy (E(a)) were 0.18 mM, 0.13 microM/min and 5.91 kJ/mol, respectively. The alpha-glucuronidase was active mainly on small substituted xylooligomers. When this enzyme was used with endoxylanase for the degradation of oat xylan, synergistic effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mierzwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Hromádková Z, Ebringerová A, Malovíková A. The Structural, Molecular and Functional Properties of Lignin-Containing Beechwood Glucuronoxylan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200551403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Sun R, Sun X, Liu G, Fowler P, Tomkinson J. Structural and physicochemical characterization of hemicelluloses isolated by alkaline peroxide from barley straw. POLYM INT 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Sun R, Tomkinson J, Liu J, Geng Z. Oleoylation of Wheat Straw Hemicelluloses in New Homogeneous System. Polym J 1999. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.31.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Hirsch J, Koós M, Kovác P. Improved synthesis of an aldobiouronic acid related to hardwood xylans, and preparation of a derivative thereof suitable for linking to proteins. Carbohydr Res 1998; 310:145-9. [PMID: 9794078 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-xylopyranose with methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-l-chloro-l-deoxy-4-O-methyl-alpha, beta-D-glucopyranuronate in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate was highly stereoselective to give the alpha-linked aldobiouronic acid derivative (4) in 86% yield, after hydrogenolysis of the crude product of the coupling and chromatography. Compound 4 was acetylated and the fully protected substance was converted to the corresponding glycosyl chloride. Reaction of the latter with p-nitrophenol under phase-transfer catalysis afforded, after deacetylation, p-nitrophenyl 2-O-(methyl 4-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-beta-D-xylopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hirsch
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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27
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Düsterhöft EM, Linssen V, Voragen A, Beldman G. Purification, characterization, and properties of two xylanases from Humicola insolens. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Bajpai P. Microbial xylanolytic enzyme system: properties and applications. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 43:141-94. [PMID: 9097414 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bajpai
- Chemical Engineering Division, Thapar Corporate Research and Development Centre, Patiala, India
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de Graaff LH, van den Broeck HC, van Ooijen AJ, Visser J. Regulation of the xylanase-encoding xlnA gene of Aspergillus tubigensis. Mol Microbiol 1994; 12:479-90. [PMID: 8065265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A gene encoding an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Aspergillus tubigensis was cloned by oligonucleotide screening using oligonucleotides derived from amino acid sequence data obtained from the purified protein. The isolated gene was functional as it could be expressed in the very closely related fungus Aspergillus niger. The xylanase encoded by this gene is synthesized as a protein of 211 amino acids. After cleavage of the presumed prepropeptide this results in a mature protein of 184 amino acids with a molecular weight of 19 kDa and an isoelectric point of 3.6. The regulatory region of the xlnA gene was studied with respect to the response to xylan induction and carbon catabolite repression. By deletion analysis of the 5' upstream region of the gene a 158 bp region involved in the xylan specific induction was identified. To study this regulatory element a reporter system for transcriptional activating sequences was developed that is based on the A. niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene. From the results with this reporter system it is concluded that this 158 bp fragment not only contains the information required for induction of transcription but that it also plays a role in carbon catabolite repression of the xlnA gene. The region directly upstream of this fragment contains four potential CREA target sites; deletion of this region leads to an increase in the level of transcription. These results suggest that carbon catabolite repression of the xlnA gene is controlled at two levels, directly by repression of xlnA gene transcription and indirectly by repression of the expression of a transcriptional activator. This type of mechanism would be similar to the double lock mechanism for the regulation of gene expression of alcA in Aspergillus nidulans. The reporter system was also used to study the regulation of expression via the functions located on this fragment in A. niger and in A. nidulans. Essentially the same pattern of regulation was found in both of these hosts. Therefore, regulation of xylanase gene expression is basically conserved in all three aspergilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H de Graaff
- Section of Molecular Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Rogalski J, Hatakka A, Longa B, Wojta?-Wasilewska M. Hemicellulolytic enzymes of the ligninolytic white-rot fungusPhlebia radiata. Influence of phenolic compounds on the synthesis of hemicellulolytic enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mannose-based Polysaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-461012-5.50017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Baugh KD, McCarty PL. Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: I. Monosaccharide and furfurals hydrothermal decomposition and product formation rates. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 31:50-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260310109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Specific structural assignments for O-acetyl group resonances in the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-xylopyranose. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)84033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chanzy HD, Grosrenaud A, Joseleau JP, Dubé M, Marchessault RH. Crystallization behavior of glucomannan. Biopolymers 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360210206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dalessandro G, Northcote DH. Xylan synthetase activity in differentiated xylem cells of sycamore trees (Acer pseudoplatanus). PLANTA 1981; 151:53-60. [PMID: 24301670 DOI: 10.1007/bf00384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/1980] [Accepted: 08/28/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Particulate enzymic preparations obtained from homogenates of differentiated xylem cells isolated from sycamore trees, catalyzed the formation of a radioactive xylan in the presence of UDP-D-[U-(14)C]xylose as substrate. The synthesized xylan was not dialyzable through Visking cellophane tubing. Successive extraction with cold water, hot water and 5% NaOH dissolved respectively 15, 5 and 80% of the radioactive polymer. Complete acid hydrolysis of the water-insoluble polysaccharide synthesized from UDP-D-[U-(14)C]xylose released all the radioactivity as xylose. β-1,4-Xylodextrins, degree of polymerization 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, were obtained by partial acid hydrolysis (fuming HCl or 0.1 M HCl) of radioactive xylan. The polymer was hydrolysed to xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose by Driselase which contains 1,4-β xylanase activities. Methylation and then hydrolysis of the xylan released two methylated sugars which were identified as di-O-methyl[(14)C]xylose and tri-O-methyl-[(14)C]xylose, suggesting a 1→4-linked polymer. The linkage was confirmed by periodate oxidation studies. The apparent Km value of the synthetase for UDP-D-xylose was 0.4 mM. Xylan synthetase activity was not potentiated in the presence of a detergent. The enzymic activity was stimulated by Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) ions, although EDTA in the range of concentrations between 0.01 and 1 mM did not affect the reaction rate. It appears that the xylan synthetase system associated with membranes obtained from differentiated xylem cells of sycamore trees may serve for catalyzing the in vivo synthesis of the xylan main chain during the biogenesis of the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dalessandro
- Istituto di Botanica, Università di Bari, via Amendola 175, I-70126, Bari, Italy
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Dekker RF, Richards GN. Hemicellulases: their occurrence, purification, properties, and mode of action. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1976; 32:277-352. [PMID: 782186 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nikaido H, Hassid W. Biosynthesis of Saccharides From Glycopyranosyl Esters of Nucleoside Pyrophosphates “Sugar Nucleotides”. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mannans, Galactomannans and Glucomannans. POLYSACCHARIDES 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-013409-3.50012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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X-Ray Structure of Polysaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0096-5332(08)60156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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