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Ren L, Wang R, Wang Y, Tie F, Dong Q, Wang H, Hu N. Exploring the effect and mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides L. triterpenoid acids on improving NAFLD based on network pharmacology and experimental validation in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118657. [PMID: 39127115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal and possesses a rich medical history in terms of treating gastric disorders, sputum and cough and liver injuries in oriental medicinal system. By reason of the complicated chemical constituents, the material basis and potential pharmacological mechanism of sea buckthorn acting on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been clearly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pharmacological efficacy and underlying mechanism of sea buckthorn triterpenoid acid enrichment (STE) in the treatment of NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The approaches of Network pharmacology and experiment validation in vitro and in vivo were applied in this study. Firstly, targets of triterpenoid acid compounds and NAFLD were collected from databases. The crucial targets were screened by the construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Furthermore, the potential signaling pathways and targets affected by STE was predicted by GO together with KEGG enrichment analysis. Finally, the experiment validation was carried out through high-fat feeding NAFLD mice and lipid accumulation HepG2 cell model. Lipids and liver related biochemical indicators were determined, Oil Red O and H&E staining were employed to observe fat accumulation. In addition, the expression levels of proteins of key target and signal pathway anticipated in network pharmacology were detected to elaborated its action mechanism. RESULTS A total of 180 intersecting potential targets for enhancing NAFLD with STE were eventually identified. 6 key targets including AKT1, TNF, IL6, INS, JUN, STAT3 and TP53 were further identified and the AMPK-SREBP1 pathway was enriched. Animal experiment result showed that STE treatment could significantly reduce the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT and AST, increase the levels of HDL-C in serum, and improve lipid accumulation of epididymal fat and liver. The results of the lipid accumulation cell model indicated that STE and key compound oleanolic acid could diminish intracellular lipid levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and number of lipid droplets. Western blot results showed that the above beneficial effects could be achieved by regulating the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SREBP1, FAS, ACC, SCD protein. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the effect of STE on improving NAFLD and the potential action mechanism was involved in the regulation of the AMPK-SREBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichengcheng Ren
- School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Ruinan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Fangfang Tie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008, Xining, China.
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Benedicto AM, Lucantoni F, Fuster-Martínez I, Diaz-Pozo P, Dorcaratto D, Muñoz-Forner E, Victor VM, Esplugues JV, Blas-García A, Apostolova N. Interference with mitochondrial function as part of the antifibrogenic effect of Rilpivirine: A step towards novel targets in hepatic stellate cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117206. [PMID: 39079261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), the main perpetrators of liver fibrosis, are a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic liver disease. During liver injury, HSCs transcend from a quiescent to a fibrotic phenotype, a process which involves major metabolic reprogramming with altered mitochondrial function. The antiretroviral drug Rilpivirine (RPV) has demonstrated a hepatoprotective and specifically antifibrotic effect in several animal models of chronic liver injury, as well as in vitro. Herein, we use HSCs activated with the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-β to explore whether mitochondrial function is implicated in this effect. The mitochondrial bioenergetic profile, morphology and dynamics of TGF-β-treated cells (48 h) were altered and these effects were prevented by co-treatment with clinically relevant concentrations of RPV. A MitoStress Test (Seahorse Analyzer) revealed that TGF-β increased both oxygen consumption rate (basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity) and extracellular acidification rate (indicative of increased glycolysis). Cells exposed to TGF-β also displayed diminished mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced mitochondrial fission. All of these effects were rescued with RPV. RNA sequencing analysis of cells exposed to TGF-β revealed the presence of 338 differentially expressed genes that encode mitochondrial proteins (mito-DEGs), of which 139 and 199 were significantly up- and down-regulated (adjusted p<0.05). This alteration in 15 (10.79 %) and 31 (22.03 %) of the up-regulated and 16 (8.04 %) and 49 (24.62 %) of the down-regulated mitoDEGs was prevented with co-exposure to RPV 4μM or 8μM, respectively. In conclusion, alterations in mitochondrial function are implicated in the antifibrogenic action of RPV, pointing to potential novel antifibrotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Benedicto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Lucantoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Stress and Cell Death Pathways, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Dimitri Dorcaratto
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Bilio-Pancreática, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria), Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Muñoz-Forner
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Bilio-Pancreática, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria), Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blas-García
- FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Fujita N, Ushijima Y, Itoyama M, Okamoto D, Ishimatsu K, Tabata K, Itoh S, Ishigami K. Value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging for preoperative prediction of future liver regeneration after hemihepatectomy. Jpn J Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11604-024-01629-w. [PMID: 39150642 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver resection is currently considered the most effective treatment for patients with liver cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and liver regeneration in patients who underwent hemihepatectomy. We aimed to clarify the relationship between the signal intensity (SI) of the liver parenchyma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and the degree of liver regeneration in patients who underwent hemihepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI before hemihepatectomy were enrolled. We calculated the liver-to-erector spinae muscle SI ratio (LMR) in the hepatobiliary phase and the precontrast images. ΔLMR was calculated using the following equation: ΔLMR = (LMR in the hepatobiliary phase-LMR in the precontrast image)/LMR in the precontrast image. The preoperative and postoperative remnant liver volumes (LVs) were calculated using CT volumetry. We calculated the resection rate (RR) and liver regeneration index (LRI) using the following formulas: RR = Resected LV/Total LV × 100 and LRI = (postoperative remnant LV-preoperative remnant LV)/preoperative remnant LV × 100. The relationships among LRI, imaging, and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed RR and ΔLMR showed a positive correlation with LRI (ρ = 0.4133, p = 0.0072 and ρ = 0.7773, p < 0.001, respectively). Spleen volume showed a negative correlation with LRI (ρ = -0.3138, p = 0.0486). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed ΔLMR and RR were independently correlated with LRI (β coefficient = 44.8771, p = 0.0198 and β coefficient = 1.9653, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION ΔLMR may serve as a preoperative predictor of liver regeneration in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Fujita
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ushijima
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoyama
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishimatsu
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tabata
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Cinar D, Altinoz E, Elbe H, Bicer Y, Cetinavci D, Ozturk I, Colak T. Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin on CCl 4-Induced Fibrotic Liver Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Pinealectomized Rats. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02101-7. [PMID: 39007940 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in pinealectomized rats and biochemically, immunohistochemically, and histopathologically investigate the therapeutic effect of melatonin on liver fibrosis. The surgical procedure for pinealectomy was performed at the beginning of the study, and the sham and pinealectomized rats were administered CCl4 dissolved in corn oil (1:1) alone every other day to induce liver fibrosis or together with melatonin (10 mg/kg) therapy for 15 days. Melatonin is an essential therapeutic agent and offers an alternative therapeutic strategy in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Treatment with melatonin ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by restoring hepatocellular damage and reducing plasma AST, ALT, and ALP values. Melatonin increases the activity of SOD and CAT, which are important enzymes for antioxidant defence, and raises GSH levels, which further enhances antioxidant function. Also, melatonin reduced hepatic inflammation (IL-6 and IL-1β) and oxidative stress indices. Moreover, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 were restored following melatonin supplementation in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in pinealectomized rats. Our study shows that melatonin supplementation has a beneficial effect in protecting the liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in pinealectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Cinar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Health Science, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Dilan Cetinavci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Training and Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ipek Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Colak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Lin Y, Sun L, He M, Xu J, Wu C, Gao J, Dai J. Dietary Supplementation with Rumen-Protected Arginine or N-Carbamylglutamate Enhances Fetal Liver Development in Nutrient-Restricted Pregnant Hu Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1988. [PMID: 38998100 PMCID: PMC11240601 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in nutrient-restricted pregnant Hu ewes to determine whether rumen-protected arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation affects fetal liver growth and development. From 35 d to 110 d of gestation, 32 Hu ewes were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (100% of the National Research Council (NRC) requirements), a nutrient-restricted group (50% of the NRC requirements), and two treatment groups (ARG and NCG, 50% of the NRC requirements, supplemented with 20 g/day RP-Arg or 5 g/day NCG, respectively). Fetal body weights, fetal liver growth performance, the capability of antioxidation, and the expression of the mRNA and proteins of apoptosis-related genes in the fetal liver were determined and analyzed at 110 d of gestation. The dry matter, water, fat, protein, and ash components of the fetal livers in the RG group were found to be lower than in the CG group, and these components were significantly higher in the NCG group than in the RG group (p < 0.05). A decrease in DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations and contents, as well as in protein/DNA ratios, was observed in the RG group in comparison to the CG group (p < 0.05). Compared with the RG group, the NCG group had higher concentrations of DNA, RNA, and protein, as well as higher protein/DNA ratios (p < 0.05). The RG group had lower concentrations of cholinesterase, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase, and total protein than the CG group (p < 0.05). The RG group had higher levels of glutathione peroxidase, maleic dialdehyde, and aspartate aminotransferase than the CG group (p < 0.05). In the RG group, the mRNA and protein expression of p53 and Bax was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with the CG group, and the gene expression of FasL and Bcl-2, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the RG group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the CG group. It appears that RP-Arg and NCG supplementation during pregnancy could influence fetal liver growth and development. A nutrition-based therapeutic intervention to alleviate reduced fetal growth can be developed based on this study, which has demonstrated that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy induces the maldevelopment of the fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lingwei Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Mengqian He
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jiehuan Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
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Shi H, Duan X, Dong J, Tao Y, Lei Y. RNA-seq combined network pharmacology reveals that Fu-Gan-Wan (FGW) inhibits liver fibrosis via NF-κB/CCL2/CCR2 and lipid peroxidation via Nrf2/HMOX1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117963. [PMID: 38387680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a serious complication of liver disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition, without effective therapeutic agents in the clinic. Fu-Gan-Wan (FGW) is an empirical formula used for the clinical treatment of hepatitis and cirrhosis. It has been shown to reverse experimental liver fibrosis. However, its corresponding mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study aimed to elucidate the key pathways and target genes of FGW in attenuating liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effects of different doses of FGW on liver fibrosis were investigated using a 2 mL/kg 15% CCl4-induced mouse model. Then, RNA-seq combined with network pharmacology was used to analyze the key biological processes and signaling pathways underlying the anti-liver fibrosis exertion of FGW. These findings were validated in a TGF-β1-induced model of activation and proliferation of mouse hepatic stellate cell line JS-1. Finally, the key signaling pathways and molecular targets were validated using animal tissues, and the effect of FGW on tissue lipid peroxidation was additionally observed. RESULTS We found that 19.5 g/kg FGW significantly down-regulated CCl4-induced elevation of hepatic ALT and AST, decreased collagen deposition, and inhibited the expression of pro-fibrotic factors α-SMA, COL1α1, CTGF, TIMP-1, as well as pro-inflammatory factor TGF-β1. Additionally, FGW at doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/mL dose-dependently blocked JS-1 proliferation, migration, and activation. Furthermore, RNA-seq identified the NF-κB signaling pathway as a key target molecular pathway for FGW against liver fibrosis, and network pharmacology combined with RNA-seq focused on 11 key genes. Significant changes were identified in CCL2 and HMOX1 by tissue RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We further demonstrated that FGW significantly attenuated CCl4-induced increases in p-p65, CCL2, CCR2, and HMOX1, while significantly elevating Nrf2. Finally, FGW significantly suppressed the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products MDA and 4-HNE and reconfigured the oxidation-reduction balance, including promoting the increase of antioxidants GPx, GSH, and SOD, and the decrease of peroxidation products ROS and GSSG. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FGW exhibits potential in mitigating CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism disorders in mice. This effect may be mediated through the NF-κB/CCL2/CCR2 and Nrf2/HMOX1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Kim JI, Cheon HG. Melatonin ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via the melatonin receptor 2-mediated upregulation of BMAL1 and anti-oxidative enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176337. [PMID: 38246330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, when left untreated, causes serious health problems that progress to cirrhosis and, in some cases, liver cancer. Activation of hepatic stellate cells may be a key characteristic in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, exerts anti-fibrotic effects; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the beneficial effects of melatonin against hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and in vivo murine animal models. The results showed that melatonin suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced fibrosis markers and production of reactive oxygen species in LX-2 cells. Either 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin, a melatonin receptor 2 selective antagonist, or melatonin receptor 2 small interfering RNA abolished the suppressive effects of melatonin, suggesting the involvement of melatonin receptor 2 in melatonin-induced anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative actions. Melatonin increased the expression of the brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL1), a positive circadian clock gene. BMAL1 knockdown reduced the anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative effects of melatonin, demonstrating the protective effects of melatonin against TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation by exhibiting melatonin receptor 2-BMAL1-anti-oxidative effects. In high-fat diet-induced and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis models, oral melatonin administration decreased the expression of hepatic fibrosis markers and increased the expression of messenger RNA and levels of proteins of BMAL1 and melatonin receptor 2. Thus, melatonin exerted protective effects against hepatic fibrosis through melatonin receptor 2 activation, followed by an upregulation of the BMAL1-anti-oxidative enzyme pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zaher A, Duchman B, Ivanovic M, Spitz DR, Furqan M, Allen BG, Petronek MS. Exploratory Analysis of Image-Guided Ionizing Radiation Delivery to Induce Long-Term Iron Accumulation and Ferritin Expression in a Lung Injury Model: Preliminary Results. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:182. [PMID: 38391668 PMCID: PMC10886280 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is an integral and commonly used therapeutic modality for primary lung cancer. However, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) limits the irradiation dose used in the lung and is a significant source of morbidity. Disruptions in iron metabolism have been linked to radiation injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE To utilize a targeted radiation delivery approach to induce RILI for the development of a model system to study the role of radiation-induced iron accumulation in RILI. METHODS This study utilizes a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to target the right lung with a 20 Gy dose while minimizing the dose delivered to the left lung and adjacent heart. Long-term pulmonary function was performed using RespiRate-x64image analysis. Normal-appearing lung volumes were calculated using a cone beam CT (CBCT) image thresholding approach in 3D Slicer software. Quantification of iron accumulation was performed spectrophotometrically using a ferrozine-based assay as well as histologically using Prussian blue and via Western blotting for ferritin heavy chain expression. RESULTS Mild fibrosis was seen histologically in the irradiated lung using hematoxylin and eosin-stained fixed tissue at 9 months, as well as using a scoring system from CBCT images, the Szapiel scoring system, and the highest fibrotic area metric. In contrast, no changes in breathing rate were observed, and median survival was not achieved up to 36 weeks following irradiation, consistent with mild lung fibrosis when only one lung was targeted. Our study provided preliminary evidence on increased iron content and ferritin heavy chain expression in the irradiated lung, thus warranting further investigation. CONCLUSIONS A targeted lung irradiation model may be a useful approach for studying the long-term pathological effects associated with iron accumulation and RILI following ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bryce Duchman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & Physiology, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marina Ivanovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Chen X, Sun X, Ji S, Yu H, Wu P. TMT-based proteomics analysis identifies the interventional mechanisms of Qijia Rougan decoction in improving hepatic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117334. [PMID: 37863401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qijia Rougan decoction (QJ), consisting of eight herbs and two animal drugs, is an effective traditional Chinese medicine with hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects. However, its underlying action mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the mechanism underlying the treatment of liver fibrosis in rats by QJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with fibrosis were constructed using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The QJ was orally administered to fibrotic rats. Hepatic pathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in QJ were analyzed using quantitative proteomics. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms in liver fibrosis after QJ treatment were validated using Western blotting. RESULTS The QJ markedly improved liver function and attenuated fibrotic progression. Based on the tandem mass-tag based (TMT) proteomics, we identified 818 common DEPs between QJ vs Model and Model vs Control, including 296 upregulated and 522 downregulated DEPs, which mostly participate in metabolic pathways, oxidation-reduction reactions, and collagen biosynthetic processes. In addition, we found that QJ reduced hepatocellular death by inhibiting the expression of caspase proteins, repressing pro-apoptotic proteins, and promoting anti-apoptotic proteins. We further demonstrated that QJ suppressed the Akt/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION QJ exerted hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-induced rats through multi-pathway regulation. This study provides protein information on liver fibrosis treated with QJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shaoxiu Ji
- Infectious Disease Department, Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Ali MF, Mohamed WH. Hematological, biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological changes induced by pyridaben. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2391-2399. [PMID: 37357870 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The current work examined the genotoxic effects of pyridaben (PDB) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups; the first group was used as a control group; the other three groups were exposed to 19, 28.5, and 57 mg/kg b.w PDB by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters; femoral bone marrow was flushed for chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay and liver samples were used for the analysis of gene expression of IL-6 and Casp-3 as well as histopathological and immunhistochemical investigation for Casp-3. The results showed that PDB exposure lead to non-significant changes in hematological parameters in all PDB administrated groups while malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in 19 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups Also, gene expression of IL-6 and Casp-3 revealed a significant increase in 28.5 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups as compared with the control. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow cells in all PDB-exposed groups. The histopathological and immunhistochemical examination showed focal areas of inflammatory cellular infiltration with fibrosis in 57 mg/kg b.w PDB dose group accompanied by the severe positive reaction of caspase3 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wafaa H Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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11
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Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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12
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Yasmeen S, Khan A, Anwar F, Akhtar MF, Yasmeen S, Shah SA. An insight into the hepatoprotective role of Velpatasvir and Sofosbuvir per se and in combination against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95660-95672. [PMID: 37556059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a global health issue. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) induces fibrosis by redox reactions, which involve the deposition of collagen in extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aimed to examine the antifibrotic effect of direct-acting antivirals; Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir, per se and in combination against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis in rats. Carbon tetrachloride (intraperitoneal; 0.5 ml/kg) twice weekly for six weeks was used to induce hepatic fibrosis in rats. After two weeks of CCl4, oral administration of Sofosbuvir (20 mg/kg/d) and Velpatasvir (10 mg/kg/d) was administered to rats for the last four weeks. Liver function tests (LFTs), renal function tests (RFTs), oxidative stress markers, and the levels of TNF-a, NF-κB, and IL-6 were measured through ELISA and western blotting at the end of the study. CCl4 significantly ameliorated the values of RFTs, LFTs and lipid profiles in the diseased group, which were normalized by the SOF and VEL both alone and in combination. These drugs produced potent antioxidant effects by significantly increasing antioxidant enzymes. From the histopathology of hepatic tissues of rats treated with drugs, the antifibrotic effect was further manifested, which showed suppression of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in treated rats, as compared to the disease control group. The antifibrotic effect was further demonstrated by significantly decreasing the levels of TNF-a, NF-κB and IL-6 in serum and hepatic tissues of treated rats as compared to the disease control group. Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir alone and in combination showed marked inhibition of fibrosis in the CCl4-induced non-HCV rat model, which was mediated by decreased levels of TNF-a/NF-κB and the IL-6 signaling pathway. Thus, it can be concluded that Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir might have an antifibrotic effect that appears to be independent of their antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Yasmeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, 13 KM Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, 13 KM Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, 13 KM Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, 13 KM Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Yasmeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shafeeq Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Huang L, Yu Q, Peng H, Zhen Z. The mechanism of peach kernel and safflower herb-pair for the treatment of liver fibrosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33593. [PMID: 37083803 PMCID: PMC10118378 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peach kernel and safflower herb-pair (PKSH) are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Therefore, network pharmacology was performed to explore potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of PKSH. The active components of PKSH from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database and potential targets of liver fibrosis from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base, GeneCards, and DrugBank Database were identified. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape (v3.8.0). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the treatment of liver fibrosis, and molecular docking was carried out to verify the results of network pharmacology analysis. After screening disease-related genes, 179 intersection genes overlapped between 196 target proteins of the active compound and 9189 potential disease targets. Furthermore, we obtained 15 hub nodes and 146 edges to establish a related network diagram using CytoNCA. 2559 Gene Ontology biological processes underlying PKSH have been explored for the treatment of liver fibrosis, in which the response to oxidative stress plays a vital role. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that PKSH might play a role in inhibiting liver fibrosis, mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PKSH can regulate the response to oxidative stress through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway for the treatment of liver fibrosis. The main bioactive components in PKSH, including quercetin and luteolin, can activate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by binding with the hub targets of the disease, which may provide insights into drug development for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Department of No.1 Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingsheng Yu
- Department of No.1 Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of No.1 Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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14
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Bedair AF, Wahid A, El-Mezayen NS, Afify EA. Nicorandil reduces morphine withdrawal symptoms, potentiates morphine antinociception, and ameliorates liver fibrosis in rats. Life Sci 2023; 319:121522. [PMID: 36822314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a serious medical condition affecting patients globally and pain management poses a unique challenge. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are expressed in nociceptive neurons and hepatic cells. We tested the hypothesis whether morphine and nicorandil, KATP channel opener, alone and in combination possess hepatoprotective, antinociceptive effect and alter morphine physical dependence. MAIN METHODS Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis in male Wistar rats. Nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) was administered per os for two weeks. Morphine (3.8, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered prior to antinociception testing in tail flick and formalin tests. Morphine physical dependence following naloxone injection, fibrotic, oxidative stress markers, and liver histopathology were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Morphine alone, produced insignificant changes of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronic acid (HA), hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and exerted significant antinociception in the pain models. Nicorandil alone protected against liver damage (decreased serum ALT, AST, HA, hepatic Hyp, MDA, increased SOD levels, improved fibrosis scores). Nicorandil/morphine combination produced remarkable hepatoprotection and persistent analgesia compared to morphine alone as evidenced by reduced (EC50) of morphine. Nicorandil augmented morphine analgesia and markedly decreased withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats. SIGNIFICANCE The data showed for the first time, the hepatoprotection and augmented antinociception mediated by nicorandil/morphine combination in liver fibrosis via antioxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms. Nicorandil ameliorated withdrawal signs in morphine dependence in CLD. Thus, combining nicorandil/morphine provides a novel treatment strategy to ameliorate hepatic injury, potentiate antinociception and overcome morphine-induced physical dependence in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asser F Bedair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine S El-Mezayen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Zhang C, Shao Q, Liu M, Wang X, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Cuan S, Li X, Wang J, Li Y, He L, Huang Y, Liu G, Lei L. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological change in the liver of dairy cows with fatty liver. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2700-2715. [PMID: 36823013 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver (i.e., hepatic lipidosis) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in dairy cows during the transition period, characterized by excess hepatic accumulation of triglyceride (TG), tissue dysfunction, and cell death. Detailed pathological changes, particularly hepatic fibrosis, during fatty liver remain to be determined. Liver fibrosis occurs as a consequence of liver damage, resulting from the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which distorts the architecture of the normal liver, compromising its normal synthetic and metabolic functions. Thus, we aimed to investigate liver fibrosis status and its potential causal factors including oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the liver of cows with fatty liver. Forty-five dairy cows (parity, 3-5) were selected, and liver biopsy and blood were collected on the second week postpartum (days in milk, 10-14 d). On the basis of the degree of lipid accumulation in liver, selected cows were categorized into normal (n = 25; TG <1% wet wt), mild fatty liver (n = 15; 1% ≤ TG <5% wet wt), and moderate fatty liver (n = 5; 5% ≤ TG <10% wet wt). Compared with normal cows, blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, along with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, were greater in the cows with fatty liver (mild and moderate). Hepatic extracellular matrix deposition, as indicated by Picrosirius red staining, was greater in cows with fatty liver than those with normal ones. In addition, we observed an increased proportion of collagen type I fiber in extracellular matrix with increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Compared with normal cows, the area of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive staining along with the mRNA abundance of collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1), ACTA2 (gene encoding α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) were greater in cows with fatty liver. Compared with normal cows, hepatic contents of malondialdehyde, glutathione disulfide, and 8-isoprostane were greater, whereas total antioxidant capacity, the hepatic content of glutathione, and activities of antioxidant indicators, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, were lower in cows with fatty liver. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells and abundance of apoptosis-related molecules BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9 were greater in cows with fatty liver. However, mRNA abundance of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 did not differ. The mRNA abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA), interleukin-1β (IL1B), and interleukin-6 (IL6) was greater in the liver of cows with fatty liver. Overall, the present study indicated that fibrosis is a common pathological response to liver damage and is associated with oxidative stress, hepatocyte death, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Shunan Cuan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Manna K, Khan ZS, Saha M, Mishra S, Gaikwad N, Bhakta JN, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Manjari Medika Grape Seed Extract Protects Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Inflammation: Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling System. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:467-492. [PMID: 36785716 PMCID: PMC9922067 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The earlier studies have reported that grape seed extract exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Therefore, studying the hepatoprotective effects and elucidation of mechanisms of action of the Indian Variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract (GSE), may give an insight into therapeutic benefits. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line pharmacological therapy for different rheumatic diseases. The major adverse events such as hepatotoxicity are evident even in the low doses used for the treatment. The present study investigated the role of MTX on hepatic damage in murine liver and the plausible protective effects of the Indian grape variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract, in ameliorating it. Methods and Results To assess the hepatological modulation, mice were divided into eight groups to investigate the ameliorative potential of this GSE (75 and 125 mg/kg) and correlate the experimental findings. The active components of the extract were assessed through UPLC-(ESI)-QToF-MS analysis. On the other hand, various biochemical and immunological indices were carried out to correlate the experimental data. The result demonstrated that the prophylactic administration of GSE reduced MTX-induced hepatic toxicity indices, which subsequently restored the hepatic morphological architecture. Moreover, the application of GSE in a dual dosage (75 and 125 mg/kg) suppressed MTX-induced reactive oxygen species generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrite formation. MTX-induced inflammasome activation through the redox-assisted cascade of TLR4/NF-κB signaling was further reduced by applying the GSE. The results showed that the activation of cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 enhanced the level of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, this extract could reduce the MTX-mediated hepatic damage. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Manjari Medika seed extract could be used as a therapeutic agent to relieve the side effects of MTX and other hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Zareen S Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra, 413255, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Bhakta
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India,Kaushik Banerjee, National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India, Email
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India,Correspondence: Krishna Das Saha, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India, Tel +91 33 2499 5810, Fax +91 33 2473 5197, Email
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Godugu C, Khurana A, Saifi MA. Rare earth cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuated liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation mice model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127102. [PMID: 36423438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the major liver complications which eventually progresses to liver cirrhosis and liver failure. Cerium oxide nanoparticles, also known as nanoceria (NC) are nanoparticles with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we evaluated the hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of nanoceria (NC) against bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver injury. NC were administered i.p. for 12 days (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) to C57BL/6J mice. The biochemical markers of liver injury, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Fibrosis assessment and mechanistic studies were conducted to assess the hepatoprotective effects of NC. Administration of NC proved to significantly ameliorate liver injury as evident by reduction in SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin levels in the treated animals. NC treatment significantly reduced the hydroxyproline levels and expression of fibrotic markers. In summary, our findings establish the hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of NC against BDL induced liver injury and liver fibrosis. These protective effects were majorly ascribed to their potential ROS inhibition and antioxidant activities through catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic properties and auto-regenerating capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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18
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Chen L, Wang Y, Zheng W, Zhang H, Sun Y, Chen Y, Liu Q. Improvement of obesity-induced fatty liver disease by intermittent hypoxia exposure in a murine model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097641. [PMID: 36873991 PMCID: PMC9974667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the world raises an important concern for human health. The western diet containing high fat and fructose is the risk factor for NAFLD development. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), known as the basis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), normally is correlated with impaired liver function. However, the role of IH in liver injury prevention has been revealed by many other studies based on the different IH paradigms. The current study, therefore, tests the impact of IH on the liver of high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD) fed mice. Material and Method: Mice were exposed to IH (2 min cycle, FiO2 8% for 20 s, FiO2 20.9% for 100 s; 12 h/day) or intermittent air (FiO2 20.9%) for 15 weeks, with normal diet (ND) or high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD). Indices of liver injury and metabolism were measured. Results: IH causes no overt liver injury in mice fed an ND. However, HFHFD-induced lipid accumulation, lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, and apoptotic process were significantly attenuated by IH exposure. Importantly, IH exposure altered bile acids composition and shifted the hepatic bile acids towards FXR agonism, which was involved in the protection of IH against HFHFD. Conclusion: These results support that the IH pattern in our model prevents liver injury from HFHFD in experimental NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Chen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weikun Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Lv L, Shu H, Mo X, Tian Y, Guo H, Sun HY. Activation of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway by Longjing Green Tea Polyphenols in Mice Livers. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221139409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that green tea polyphenol (GTP) could protect against liver injury due to oxidative stress. However, the mechanism underlying the bioactive actions of GTP in the liver has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GTP on the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) pathway, using in silico and in vivo methods. Furthermore, the regulation of Nrf2 downstream target antioxidant response element (ARE) was also evaluated. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that GTP includes 9 major compounds, and molecule docking analysis demonstrated that most of these polyphenols have a strong binding affinity with the keap1 Kelch domain, where keap1 binds to the Neh2 domain of Nrf2. Remarkably, the predominant compound of GTP, that is, epigallocatechin gallate, displayed the best binding affinity score, which can fully occupy all 3 polar subpockets of the keap1 Kelch domain. The Nrf2, keap1, and Nrf2 downstream target gene expression levels were changed in the livers compared to the control group. It showed that the Nrf2 expression level was significantly upregulated in GTP-induced mice liver across most treatments, while the keap1 expression level remained unchanged. Subsequently, we observed a significant increasing trend in the expression of the downstream ARE, including antioxidative enzymes, liver phase II enzymes, and liver efflux transporters in mice livers. The present study demonstrated that GTP could activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway by interrupting the Nrf2-keap1 protein–protein interaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Lv
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Shu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjing Tian
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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20
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Administration of N-Acetylcysteine to Regress the Fibrogenic and Proinflammatory Effects of Oxidative Stress in Hypertrophic Ligamentum Flavum Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1380353. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1380353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a major cause of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). In hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LF) cells, oxidative stress activates intracellular signaling and induces the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. This study explored whether healthy and hypertrophic LF cells respond differently to oxidative stress, via examining the levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in reversing the fibrogenic and proinflammatory effects of oxidative stress in hypertrophic LF cells was investigated by assessing the expression levels of p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen I under H2O2 treatment with or without NAC. Under oxidative stress, p-p38 increased significantly in both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, and iNOS was elevated in only the hypertrophic LF cells. This revealed that oxidative stress negatively affected both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, with the hypertrophic LF cells exhibiting more active inflammation than did the healthy cells. After H2O2 treatment, p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, vimentin, and collagen I increased significantly, and NAC administration reversed the effects of oxidative stress. These results can form the basis of a novel therapeutic treatment for LFH using antioxidants.
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21
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Yu S, Ji G, Zhang L. The role of p53 in liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057829. [PMID: 36353498 PMCID: PMC9637836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is the central hub of a molecular network, which controls cell proliferation and death, and also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. The abundant post-translational processing and modification endow the functional diversity of p53. Considering the relationship between p53 and liver fibrosis, drug intervention targeting p53 or management of p53 regulation might be effective strategies to treat liver fibrosis. Here, we systematically discuss the regulation of p53 in different liver cells (hepatocytes, immune cells, HSCs, etc) and the role of p53 in the development of liver fibrosis, and propose possible interventions to prevent the pathogenic processes of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Common Genetic and Molecular Traits and Association of Portal Hypertension with Pulmonary Hypertension. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9237701. [PMID: 36312597 PMCID: PMC9613398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9237701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PH) is an important cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH), but its mechanism is still unclear. We used genetic data analysis to explore the shared genes and molecular mechanisms of PH and PAH. We downloaded the PH and PAH data from the GEO database, and used the weighted gene coexpression network analysis method (WGCNA) to analyze the coexpression modules of idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) and cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Enrichment analysis was performed on the common genes, and differential gene expressions (DEGs) were used for verification. The target genes of INCPH and PAH were obtained by string and cytoscape software, and the miRNAs of target genes were predicted by miRwalk, miRDB, and TargetScan and their biological functions were analyzed; finally, we used PanglaoDB to predict the expression of target genes in cells. In WGCNA, gene modules significantly related to PAH, CPH, and INCPH were identified, and enrichment function analysis showed that the common pathway of PAH and CPH were “P53 signaling pathway,” “synthesis of neutral lipids”; PAH and INCPH are “terminal,” “Maintenance Regulation of Granules,” and “Toxin Transport.” DEGs confirmed the results of WGCNA; the common miRNA functions of PAH and cirrhosis were enriched for “P53 signaling pathway,” “TGF-β signaling pathway,” “TNF signaling pathway,” and “fatty acid metabolism,” and the miRNAs-mRNAs network suggested that hsa-miR-22a-3p regulates MDM2 and hsa-miR-34a-5p regulates PRDX4; the target genes of PAH and INCPH are EIF5B, HSPA4, GNL3, RARS, UTP20, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90B1, METAP2, NARS, SACM1L, and their target miRNA function enrichment showed EIF5B, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90B1, METAP2, NARS, SACM1L, and HSPA4 are associated with telomeres and inflammation, panglaoDB showed that target genes are located in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, etc. In conclusion, the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension induced by portal hypertension may be related to telomere dysfunction and P53 overactivation, and lipid metabolism and intestinal inflammation are also involved in this process.
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23
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Chemical Profile of Cyperus laevigatus and Its Protective Effects against Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196470. [PMID: 36235007 PMCID: PMC9573427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus species represent a group of cosmopolitan plants used in folk medicine to treat several diseases. In the current study, the phytochemical profile of Cyperus laevigatus ethanolic extract (CLEE) was assessed using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The protective effect of CLEE at 50 and 100 mg /kg body weight (b.w.) was evaluated on hepatorenal injuries induced by thioacetamide (100 mg/kg) via investigation of the extract's effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis of CLEE resulted in the identification of 94 compounds, including organic and phenolic acids, flavones, aurones, and fatty acids. CLEE improved the antioxidant status in the liver and kidney, as manifested by enhancement of reduced glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in addition to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Moreover, CLEE positively affected oxidative stress parameters in plasma and thwarted the depletion of hepatorenal ATP content by thioacetamide (TAA). Furthermore, treatment of rats with CLEE alleviated the significant increase in plasma liver enzymes, kidney function parameters, and inflammatory markers. The protective effect of CLEE was confirmed by a histopathological study of the liver and kidney. Our results proposed that CLEE may reduce TAA-hepatorenal toxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties suppressing oxidative stress.
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24
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P11-20 Dendropanoxide alleviates thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis via TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Li Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao H. Function and regulation of GPX4 in the development and progression of fibrotic disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2808-2824. [PMID: 35605092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of fibrotic diseases that poses a serious threat to global health due to high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. There exist some chemical compounds and biomolecules associated with the development of fibrosis, including cytokines, hormones, and enzymes. Among them, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as a selenoprotein antioxidant enzyme, is widely found in the embryo, testis, brain, liver, heart, and photoreceptor cells. Moreover, it is shown that GPX4 elicits diverse biological functions by suppressing phospholipid hydroperoxide at the expense of decreased glutathione (GSH), including loss of neurons, autophagy, cell repair, inflammation, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, these processes are intimately related to the occurrence of fibrotic disease. Recently, GPX4 has been reported to exhibit a decline in fibrotic disease and inhibit fibrosis, suggesting that alterations of GPX4 can change the course or dictate the outcome of fibrotic disease. In this review, we summarize the role and underlying mechanisms of GPX4 in fibrosis diseases such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Zigui Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Units, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Units, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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26
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Jia R, Hou Y, Feng W, Li B, Zhu J. Alterations at biochemical, proteomic and transcriptomic levels in liver of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under chronic exposure to environmentally relevant level of glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133818. [PMID: 35114268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of glyphosate (Gly) on aquatic animals has received attention from many researchers. However, the chronic toxicity mechanism of Gly on fish has not yet been clarified entirely. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential toxicity mechanism of Gly at 2 mg/L, a possibly existing concentration in the aquatic environment, via biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in the liver of tilapia. Long-term Gly exposure increased lipid content, and altered redox status in liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gly exposure changed dramatically the expression of 225 genes in liver, including 94 up-regulated genes and 131 down-regulated genes. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses showed that these genes were predominantly enriched in ion transport, lipid metabolism and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling pathway. Meanwhile, at proteomic level, long-term Gly exposure resulted in alteration of 21 proteins, which were principally related to hepatic metabolism function. In conclusion, our data displayed a potential toxicity, mainly manifested as redox imbalance and dysregulation of metabolism function, in the liver of tilapia after long-term Gly exposure at 2 mg/L. This study provided novel insight into underlying toxicity mechanism of long-term Gly exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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27
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Wang D, Chen J, Sun H, Chen W, Yang X. MCFA alleviate H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in AML12 cells via the ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway. Lipids 2022; 57:153-162. [PMID: 35262212 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the occurrence and development of liver disease. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have potential antioxidant function, whereas the exact underlying mechanism of MCFA in oxidative injury of hepatocytes remains unclear. In our present study, three different MCFAs, 8-carbon octanoic acid (OA), 10-carbon capric acid (CA), and 12-carbon lauric acid (LA), have been performed to observe their protective action for hepatocyte under the H2 O2 challenge. The result showed that MCFA treatment significantly increased the cell viability, T-AOC, and expression of antioxidant-related genes in AML12 cells under oxidative stress condition, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, MCFA treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2; LA treatment significantly promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation. With a further test, the rescue ability of MCFA was blocked by treating with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Overall, our data suggested that MCFA treatment has positive impact on protecting AML12 cells against oxidative stress through ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinglong Chen
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huangbing Sun
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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28
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Xu Q, Xia W, Zhou L, Zou Z, Li Q, Deng L, Wu S, Wang T, Cui J, Liu Z, Sun T, Ye J, Li F. Determination of Hepatic Iron Deposition in Drug-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Confocal Micro-XRF Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3738-3745. [PMID: 35128282 PMCID: PMC8811927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the intermediate process and inevitable stage of the development of chronic liver disease into cirrhosis. Reducing the degree of liver fibrosis plays an extremely important role in treating chronic liver disease and preventing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The formation of liver fibrosis is affected by iron deposition to a certain extent, and excessive iron deposition further induces liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Herein, confocal microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) was used to determine the intensity and biodistribution of iron deposition at different time points in the process of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. To our best knowledge, this is the first study using confocal μ-XRF to analyze hepatic iron deposition in hepatic fibrosis. The results showed that there are minor and trace elements such as iron, potassium, and zinc in the liver of rats. Continuous injection of TAA solution resulted in increasing liver iron deposition over time. The intensity of iron deposition in liver tissue was also significantly reduced after bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were injected. These findings indicated that confocal μ-XRF can be used as a nondestructive and quantitative method of evaluating hepatic iron deposition in hepatic fibrosis, and iron deposition may play an important role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis induced by TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjing Xia
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lazhen Zhou
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhengwei Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Sub-center
for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First
Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Sha Wu
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jingduo Cui
- College
of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College
of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxi Sun
- College
of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Sub-center
for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First
Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangzuo Li
- College
of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering
of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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29
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Ding C, Gu Y, Liu W. Dihydromyricetin Reverses Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis Through Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and TGF-β1-Regulated of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783886. [PMID: 34867416 PMCID: PMC8634482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural active substance, dihydromyricetin (DHM) has been proven to have good hepatoprotective activity. However, the therapeutic effect of DHM on liver fibrosis, which has become a liver disease threatening the health of people around the world, has not been studied to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DHM as a new nutritional supplement on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The liver fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg, every 3 days) for 8 weeks, and oral administration of DHM (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, daily) after 4 weeks of TAA-induced liver fibrosis. The results showed that DHM treatment significantly inhibited the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (37.81 ± 7.62 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (55.18 ± 10.94 U/L) in serum of liver fibrosis mice, and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) while reversed the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, histopathological examination illustrated that TAA induced the inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis and fibroatherosclerotic deposition in liver, which was further confirmed by western-blot and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, DHM inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by regulating the phosphorylation level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase-B (AKT) and its downstream apoptotic protein family. Interestingly, immunofluorescence staining showed that DHM treatment significantly inhibited alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which was a marker of hepatic stellate cell activation, and regulated the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1). Importantly, supplementation with DHM significantly inhibited the release of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory factors in liver tissue induced by TAA, and improved liver fiber diseases, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and recombinant rat IL-1β (IL-1β). In conclusion, the evidence of this study revealed that DHM is a potential hepatoprotective and health factor, and which also provides the possibility for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gu
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
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Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Anti-Fibrotic Therapeutic Effects against Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats: Role of MicroRNAs as Molecular Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121767. [PMID: 34944582 PMCID: PMC8698929 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main obstacles of silymarin (SIL) application in liver diseases are its low bioavailability, elevated metabolism, rapid excretion in bile and urine, and inefficient intestinal resorption. The study aimed to synthesize and characterize silymarin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (SGNPs) formulation to improve SIL bioavailability and release for potentiating its antifibrotic action. METHODS Both SGNPs and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared and characterized using standard characterization techniques. The improved formulation was assessed for in vitro drug release study and in vivo study on rats using CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis model. SIL, SGNPs, and GNPs were administered by oral gavage daily for 30 days. At the end of the study, rats underwent anesthesia and were sacrificed, serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were collected to measure the genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) expressions. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations of hepatic tissues supported these results. RESULTS The successful formation and conjugation of SGNPs were confirmed by measurements methods. The synthesized nanohybrid SGNPs showed significant antifibrotic therapeutic action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats, and preserved normal body weight, liver weight, liver index values, retained normal hepatic functions, lowered inflammatory markers, declined lipid peroxidation, and activated the antioxidant pathway nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The antifibrotic activities of SGNPs mediated through enhancing the hepatic expression of the protective miRNAs; miR-22, miR-29c, and miR-219a which results in suppressed expression of the main fibrosis mediators; TGFβR1, COL3A1, and TGFβR2, respectively. The histopathology and IHC analysis confirmed the anti-fibrotic effects of SGNPs. CONCLUSIONS The successful synthesis of SGNPs with sizes ranging from 16 up to 20 nm and entrapment efficiency and loading capacity 96% and 38.69%, respectively. In vivo studies revealed that the obtained nano-formulation of SIL boosted its anti-fibrotic effects.
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Zhao J, Miao J, Wei X, Guo L, Li P, Lei J, Wang J, Zhu B, Wang L, Jia J. Traditional Chinese Medicine Ganshuang Granules Attenuate CCl 4 -Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100520. [PMID: 34585845 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to hepatic fibrosis. Emerging evidence revealed the major role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in gut microbiota homeostasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic activity and underlying mechanism of ganshuang granules (GS), particularly regarding gut microbiota homeostasis. CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis models were allocated into 4 groups receiving normal saline (model), 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/kg GS for 5 weeks. As result, GS treatment alleviated liver injury in CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis, presenting as decreases of the liver index, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase. Histological staining and expression revealed that the enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory and hepatic fibrosis in CCl4 -induced models were attenuated by GS. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tight junction-associated proteins in intestinal mucosa were up-regulated by GS. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that GS rebalanced the gut dysbiosis manifested as improving alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiota, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and regulating the relative abundance of various bacteria. In summary, GS decreased the intestinal permeability and rebalanced the gut microbiota to reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, eventually attenuating CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, Town West Area, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Liying Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinyan Lei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No. 7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianwei Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Early Weaning Affects Liver Antioxidant Function in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092679. [PMID: 34573645 PMCID: PMC8469846 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early weaning is used to improve efficiency in pig production. However, early weaning may trigger liver oxidative stress in piglets. In this study, we evaluated the effects of early weaning on the development and antioxidant function of the liver in piglets. Our findings show that early weaning significantly decreases piglet body weight and suppresses liver development. We find that early weaning also suppresses the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that weaning may reduce the growth performance and liver antioxidant function of piglets. Abstract This study examined the impact of early weaning on antioxidant function in piglets. A total of 40 Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 21-day-old piglets (half male and half female) were divided into suckling groups (SG) and weaning groups (WG). Piglets in WG were weaned at the 21st day, while the piglets in SG continued to get breastfed. Eight piglets from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at 24th-day (SG3, WG3) and 28th-day old (SG7, WG7). The body weight, liver index, hepatocyte morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 signaling in the liver of piglets were measured. The results showed that weaning caused decreased body weight (p < 0.01), lower liver weight (p < 0.01), and decreased the liver organ index (p < 0.05) of piglets. The area and size of hepatocytes in the WG group was smaller than that in the SG group (p < 0.05). We also observed that weaning reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) in the liver of piglets. Relative to the SG3 group, the gene expression of GSH-Px in liver of WG3 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression of Nrf2 in the SG3 group was higher than that in the WG3 group (p < 0.01). The gene expression of NQO1 in the SG7 group was higher than that in the WG7 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weaning resulted in lower weight, slowed liver development, and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, thereby impairing liver antioxidant function and suppressing piglet growth.
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Metformin alleviates cholestasis-associated nephropathy through regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Asenjo-Bueno A, Alcalde-Estévez E, El Assar M, Olmos G, Plaza P, Sosa P, Martínez-Miguel P, Ruiz-Torres MP, López-Ongil S. Hyperphosphatemia-Induced Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance Impairs Vascular Relaxation and Induces Inflammation and Fibrosis in Old Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081308. [PMID: 34439556 PMCID: PMC8389342 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs vascular function, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze whether aging-related hyperphosphatemia is implied in this effect by elucidating the role of oxidative stress. C57BL6 mice that were aged 5 months (young) and 24 months (old), receiving a standard (0.6%) or low-phosphate (0.2%) diet, were used. Isolated mesenteric arteries from old mice showed diminished endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by the down-regulation of NOS3 expression, increased inflammation and increased fibrosis in isolated aortas, compared to those isolated from young mice. In parallel, increased Nox4 expression and reduced Nrf2, Sod2-Mn and Gpx1 were found in the aortas from old mice, resulting in oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The low-phosphate diet improved vascular function and oxidant/antioxidant balance in old mice. Mechanisms were analyzed in endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) treated with the phosphate donor ß-glycerophosphate (BGP). In EC, BGP increased Nox4 expression and ROS production, which reduced NOS3 expression via NFκB. BGP also increased inflammation in EC. In SMC, BGP increased Collagen I and fibronectin expression by priming ROS production and NFκB activity. In conclusion, hyperphosphatemia reduced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and increased inflammation and vascular fibrosis through an impairment of oxidant/antioxidant balance in old mice. A low-phosphate diet achieved improvements in the vascular function in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Asenjo-Bueno
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gemma Olmos
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Patricia Martínez-Miguel
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ongil
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-887-8100 (ext. 2604); Fax: +34-91-882-2674
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Zakaria S, El-Sisi AE. Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir Mitigate Hepatic Fibrosis Through Downregulation of TNF-α / NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:318-327. [PMID: 31951178 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200116114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is the major issue in chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The newly approved direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents such as Sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) have been found to be associated with decreased fibrotic markers in HCV patients. AIM This study tried to explore whether the reported antifibrotic effect of these drugs is antiviral dependent or drug induced. METHOD Hepatic fibrosis was induced by (0.5ml/kg) CCl4 IP twice a week for six weeks. SOF (20 mg/kg/d) and DAC (30 mg/kg/d) were added in the last four weeks of treatments. Liver functions, fibrotic markers such as Hyaluronic acid and metalloproteinase-9 were detected using immunoassay. The expression of TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as Bcl-2 were done using immunoassay. RESULTS SOF and DAC exerted a potent antifibrotic effect evidenced by their activity against hyaluronic acid HA and metalloproteinase MMP-9 significantly (P≤0.001). This effect was further proved histopathologically where liver tissues from rats treated by drugs showed marked inhibition of collagen precipitation as well as inhibition of HSCs activation. This antifibrotic action was associated with decreased expression of TNF-α /NF-κB signaling pathway and induction of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION SOF/ DAC antifibrotic effect is independent of its antiviral activity. The molecular events associated with this effect were the downregulation of TNF-α / NF-κB signaling pathway and induction of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Alaa E El-Sisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Ghanbarinejad V, Ommati MM, Jia Z, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R. Disturbed mitochondrial redox state and tissue energy charge in cholestasis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22846. [PMID: 34250697 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ affected by cholestasis. However, the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney are also severely influenced by cholestasis/cirrhosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of organ injury in cholestasis. The current study was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial glutathione redox state as a significant index in cell death. Moreover, tissue energy charge (EC) was calculated. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle mitochondria were assessed at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). A significant decrease in mitochondrial glutathione redox state and EC was detected in BDL animals. Moreover, disturbed mitochondrial indices were evident in different organs of BDL rats. These data could offer new insight into the mechanisms of organ injury and the source of oxidative stress during cholestasis and might provide novel therapeutic strategies against these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Joshita S, Yamashita Y, Okamoto T, Usami Y, Sugiura A, Yamazaki T, Kakino A, Ota M, Sawamura T, Umemura T. Quantitative and qualitative lipid improvement with chronic hepatitis C virus eradication using direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:758-766. [PMID: 33982310 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy by providing a high sustained virological response (SVR) rate and subsequent favorable lipid increases. Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin like-9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating quantitative lipid levels. This study examined the interactions between quantitative PCSK9 and lipid changes, as well as qualitative lipid changes in terms of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 ligand containing apolipoprotein B (LAB) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol uptake capacity (HDL-CUC). METHODS Patients with chronic HCV infection (N = 231) who achieved an SVR by direct-acting antivirals without lipid-lowering therapy were included for comparisons of PCSK9, LAB, HDL-CUC, and other clinical indices between pretreatment and SVR12 time points. RESULTS LDL (LDL) cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were quantitatively increased at SVR12, along with higher PCSK9 (all p < 0.0001). PCSK9 was significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = 0.244, p = 0.0003) and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.222, p = 0.0009) at SVR12. Regarding qualitative LDL changes, LAB was significantly decreased and LAB/LDL cholesterol and LAB/apolipoprotein B proportions were improved at SVR12 (all p < 0.0001). In terms of qualitative HDL changes, HDL-CUC was significantly ameliorated, along with HDL-CUC/HDL cholesterol, HDL-CUC/ apolipoprotein A1, and HDL-CUC/ apolipoprotein A2 at SVR12 (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HCV eradication by direct-acting antivirals may produce quantitative lipid profile changes, along with PCSK9 production recovery in addition to qualitative lipid improvement, which possibly confers the additional secondary benefits of atherosclerosis improvement and cardiovascular disease event reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Usami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sugiura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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Phd AWS, Phd CT. Nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical‐induced retinal lipid peroxidation in vitro. Clin Exp Optom 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2002.tb02389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Siu Phd
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Department of Optometry and Radiography, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Chi‐ho To Phd
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Department of Optometry and Radiography, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Pomacu MM, Trașcă MD, Pădureanu V, Bugă AM, Andrei AM, Stănciulescu EC, Baniță IM, Rădulescu D, Pisoschi CG. Interrelation of inflammation and oxidative stress in liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:602. [PMID: 33936259 PMCID: PMC8082585 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the trend of research has been focused on the role of hematological indicators in assessing the activities of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of such hematological indicators for assessment of the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress in order to provide new predictive tools for a non-invasive investigation of disease outcome for liver cirrhosis patients. A total of 35 subjects with compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis and 10 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, patients with toxic metabolic cirrhosis due to ethanol consumption; group 2, patients with liver cirrhosis following hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Using hematological data obtained after the complete counting of peripheral blood cells, the monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios as well as systemic immune inflammation biomarkers were determined. The erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and biochemical parameters related to liver function were also registered. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCARB), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also investigated in the peripheral blood samples of healthy subjects and liver cirrhosis patients. The results revealed that NLR, MLR and PLR were significantly increased in group 2. PLR was significantly increased in group 1 compared with that noted in the control group. TBARS and PCARB were increased in patients from group 1 compared to patients from group 2 and the control group. However, no difference in TAC was found between the liver cirrhosis groups and the control. We showed that the pro-inflammatory status of liver cirrhosis patients can be easily appreciated by NLR, MLR but not PLR. However, the increase in these ratios was not significantly associated with a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and an augmentation of oxidative stress markers for the patients diagnosed with cirrhosis included in the two groups of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Marian Pomacu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.,4th Department-Medical Specialties, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical City Hospital 'Filantropia', University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Diana Trașcă
- 4th Department-Medical Specialties, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical City Hospital 'Filantropia', University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Bugă
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Marina Andrei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Ileana Monica Baniță
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dumitru Rădulescu
- Department of General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Jichitu A, Bungau S, Stanescu AMA, Vesa CM, Toma MM, Bustea C, Iurciuc S, Rus M, Bacalbasa N, Diaconu CC. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Comorbidities: Pathophysiological Links, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:689. [PMID: 33921359 PMCID: PMC8069361 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a growing prevalence in recent years. Its association with cardiovascular disease has been intensively studied, and certain correlations have been identified. The connection between these two entities has lately aroused interest regarding therapeutic management. In order to find the best therapeutic options, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology that links (NAFLD) to cardiovascular comorbidities is needed. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms that are behind these two diseases and on the therapeutic management available at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jichitu
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania; (A.J.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Rus
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Department 13, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, “Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania; (A.J.); (C.C.D.)
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Ommati MM, Amjadinia A, Mousavi K, Azarpira N, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R. N-acetyl cysteine treatment mitigates biomarkers of oxidative stress in different tissues of bile duct ligated rats. Stress 2021; 24:213-228. [PMID: 32510264 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1777970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a multifaceted clinical complication. Obstructive jaundice induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) is known as an animal model to investigate cholestasis and its associated complications. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, radical scavenger, and thiol reductant widely investigated for its cytoprotective properties. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the role of NAC treatment on biomarkers of oxidative stress and organ histopathological alterations in a rat model of cholestasis/cirrhosis. BDL animals were supplemented with NAC (100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p, 42 consecutive days). Biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver, brain, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, serum, and kidney tissue, as well as organ histopathological changes, were monitored. A significant increase in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation were detected in different tissues of BDL rats. Moreover, tissue antioxidant capacity was hampered, glutathione (GSH) reservoirs were depleted, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were significantly increased in the BDL group. Significant tissue histopathological alterations were evident in cirrhotic animals. It was found that NAC treatment (100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p) significantly mitigated biomarkers of oxidative stress and alleviated tissue histopathological changes in cirrhotic rats. These data represent NAC as a potential protective agent with therapeutic capability in cirrhosis and its associated complications.HIGHLIGHTSCholestasis is a multifaceted clinical complication that affects different organsOxidative stress plays a pivotal role in cholestasis-associated complicationsTissue antioxidant capacity is hampered in different tissues of cholestatic animalsAntioxidant therapy might play a role in the management of cholestasis-induced organ injuryNAC alleviated biomarkers of oxidative stress in cholestatic animalsNAC significantly improved tissues histopathological alterations in cholestatic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Ali Amjadinia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu X, Liu W, Ding C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Ling D, Zheng Y, Cheng Z. Taxifolin, Extracted from Waste Larix olgensis Roots, Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:871-887. [PMID: 33664566 PMCID: PMC7924258 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s281369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Taxifolin is a kind of dihydroflavone and is usually used as a food additive and health food for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The purpose of this research is to probe into the hepatoprotective activity and the molecular mechanism of taxifolin. Materials and Methods The liver fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL/kg body weight of CCl4 (20% CCl4 peanut oil solution), and taxifolin was dissolved with 0.9% physiological saline and administered intragastrically to mice. Results The results indicated that CCl4-induced significantly increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic tissue lesion. Immunohistochemical staining and rt-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased. These changes were significantly reversed when treated with taxifolin. In addition, TUNEL staining and Bcl-2/Bax pathway confirmed that taxifolin significantly inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis. Besides, the research confirmed that taxifolin also inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. Conclusion Taxifolin inhibited inflammation, and attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, which might in part contributed to taxifolin anti-hepatic fibrosis, further demonstrating that taxifolin may be an efficient hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China.,State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ling
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
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Ghanbarinejad V, Jamshidzadeh A, Khalvati B, Farshad O, Li H, Shi X, Chen Y, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Apoptosis-inducing factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic and renal injury during cholestasis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1191-1203. [PMID: 33527194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication with different etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced in cholestasis. Renal injury is also a severe clinical complication in cholestatic/cirrhotic patients. Several studies mentioned the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as two mechanistically interrelated events in cholestasis-induced organ injury. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This molecule is involved in a distinct pathway of cell death. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of AIF in the pathophysiology of cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as an animal model of cholestasis. Serum, urine, and tissue samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Tissues' AIF mRNA levels, as well as serum, urine, and tissue activity of AIF, were measured. Moreover, markers of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were assessed in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in liver and kidney AIF mRNA levels, in addition to increased AIF activity in the liver, kidney, serum, and urine, was detected in BDL rats. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were raised in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals, especially at the early stage of the disease. The apoptotic mode of cell death in the liver and kidney was connected to a higher AIF level. These data mention the importance of AIF in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury, especially at the early stage of this disease. Mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) seems to play a pathogenic role in cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. AIF release is directly connected to oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in cholestatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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44
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Gadd VL, Forbes SJ. Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:50-66. [PMID: 33764485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Yuan Y, Naito H, Kitamori K, Hashimoto S, Asano T, Nakajima T. The antihypertensive agent hydralazine reduced extracellular matrix synthesis and liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis exacerbated by hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243846. [PMID: 33315911 PMCID: PMC7735612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We have previously demonstrated that hypertensive rats fed a high fat and cholesterol (HFC) diet incurred a more severe hepatic inflammatory response and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of hypertension in NASH by comparing HFC-induced hepatic fibrogenesis between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto counterpart. Compared to the counterpart, the HFC diet led to stronger aggregation of CD68-positive macrophages in SHRs. HFC feeding also resulted in significantly higher upregulation of the fibrosis-related gene alpha-smooth muscle actin in SHR. The HFC diet induced higher overexpression of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) and greater suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2):TIMP1, MMP8:TIMP1, and MMP9:TIMP1 ratios, as a proxy of the activities of these MMPs in SHR. Administration of the antihypertensive agent hydralazine to SHRs significantly ameliorated HFC-induced liver fibrosis; it suppressed the aggregation of CD68-positive macrophages and the upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, and collagen, type 1, alpha-1 chain. In conclusion, a hypertensive environment exacerbated the hepatic fibrogenetic effects of the HFC diet; while the effects were partially reversed by the antihypertensive agent hydralazine. Our data suggest that antihypertensive drugs hold promise for treating NASH exacerbated by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayuki Hashimoto
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Shang Y, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Widman L, Stål P, Hultcrantz R, Kechagias S, Hagström H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease does not increase dementia risk although histology data might improve risk prediction. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100218. [PMID: 33554097 PMCID: PMC7847958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in the general population, but its association with dementia is unclear. We aimed to assess the risk of dementia related to NAFLD, and to determine whether histological parameters could improve the predictive capacity of a conventional risk model for dementia in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Methods A retrospective matched cohort study of 656 NAFLD patients underwent liver biopsy at 2 hospitals between 1971 and 2009. Up to 10 individuals (controls) from the general population (n = 6,436) were matched for age, sex, and municipality to each patient. Dementia was ascertained from National registers until 2014. Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios for dementia with 95% confidence intervals. In the biopsy cohort, the discriminative power of adding histological markers to a conventional risk model was assessed by Harrell’s C-index and compared with a likelihood-ratio test. Results During a mean follow-up of 19.7 ± 8.7 years, 3.3% of the NAFLD patients and 4.9% of the controls developed dementia (p = 0.07). Overall, NAFLD was not significantly associated with incident dementia. In the biopsy cohort, the model of conventional risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases) had a C-index of 0.912 to predict incident dementia. Adding individual histological parameters significantly increased the prediction of dementia, with the most pronounced improvement for fibrosis stage (C-index = 0.938, p <0.05). Conclusions Although NAFLD was not associated with the risk of dementia, we found that adding histological markers to a conventional risk model for dementia enhanced the predictive capacity, indicating a shared metabolic origin. Lay summary Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia are increasing in prevalence because of a more sedentary lifestyle, increased prevalence of obesity and population ageing. However, the link between these 2 diseases is not well studied. We investigated the association between NAFLD and the risk of dementia and found no association. However, liver histology parameters, especially fibrosis, could significantly improve the prediction of dementia risk. The link between NAFLD and dementia is unclear. We assessed the association between biopsy-proven NAFLD and dementia. NAFLD is not associated with an increased risk of dementia. Adding histological markers to a conventional risk model for dementia enhanced its predictive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linnea Widman
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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KAAN D, TOPRAK G, YAY A, BAŞKOL G, ERTEKİN T, ÜLGER H. Karaciğer Fibrozis Modellerinde Sık Kullanılan Kimyasal Ajanların Farklı Doz ve Zaman Dilimindeki Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2020. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.775667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Chuang HC, Tsai KL, Tsai KJ, Tu TY, Shyong YJ, Jou IM, Hsu CC, Shih SS, Liu YF, Lin CL. Oxidative stress mediates age-related hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis through activating Akt and MAPK pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24168-24183. [PMID: 33223505 PMCID: PMC7762458 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that oxidative stress induces inflammatory responses and the subsequent fibrotic processes in LF, via activation of the Akt and MAPK pathways. Specimens of LFs were collected during surgeries for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Part of the LF specimens underwent analyses for ROS, fibrotic markers, and inflammatory mediators, with the remainder minced for cell cultures. The cell cultures were treated with H2O2, after which the cells were lysed and analyzed via western blotting. The specimens of the LSS patients showed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and were stained positively for MMP-3, MMP-9, vimentin, and fibronectin. The LF of the LSS patients had increased oxidative stress and inflammation compared to that of the LDH patients. In vitro analyses demonstrated that oxidative stress rapidly activated the Akt and MAPK pathways. Inflammatory mediators, iNOS and NF-κB, and fibrotic markers, including TGF-β, β-catenin, α-SMA and vimentin, were significantly upregulated after induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings revealed that oxidative stress is one of the etiological factors of LF hypertrophy, which might provide new insights into treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Chuang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shien Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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49
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Li L, Yang F, Jia R, Yan P, Ma L. Velvet antler polypeptide prevents the disruption of hepatic tight junctions via inhibiting oxidative stress in cholestatic mice and liver cell lines. Food Funct 2020; 11:9752-9763. [PMID: 33073799 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the protective effects and mechanism of a velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) against lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. A 7.0 kDa VAP was orally administered at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver showed that VAP7.0 reduced LCA-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells and areas of necrotic hepatocytes. In addition, VAP7.0 greatly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acid (TBA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in LCA mouse serum and prolonged the survival time of mice with LCA. VAP7.0 reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in LCA mice. VAP7.0 also reduced OGG1 expression, which is a biochemical indicator of oxidative stress. Mechanistic analysis revealed that VAP7.0 significantly inhibited LCA-induced disruption of tight junction integrity, as determined by observing the morphology of the bile canaliculus, and this finding was confirmed by observation of the bile canalicular structure and tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 expression. Moreover, we also found that VAP7.0 maintained the stability of hepatic paracellular permeability, as determined by Evans blue dye assays and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracer distribution through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K pathway in LCA mouse livers. In addition, VAP7.0 ameliorated H2O2-induced barrier dysfunction and tight junction disruption via inhibiting the PI3K activity in human HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells, which was confirmed by the PI3K activator 740Y-P. H2O2 disturbed the localization of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, resulting in the transfer of these proteins from the membrane to the cytoplasm of cells, whereas pretreatment of cells with VAP7.0 prevented the disruption of the localization of these proteins, as determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. These results demonstrate that VAP7.0 reduces liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and maintains the stability of hepatic tight junctions via suppressing the activation of the intracellular signaling molecule PI3K in LCA mice and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, PR China.
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50
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Farshad O, Ommati MM, Yüzügülen J, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousavi K, Ahmadi Z, Azarpira N, Ghaffari H, Najibi A, Shafaghat M, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Carnosine Mitigates Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Improves Mitochondrial Function, and Alleviates Histopathological Alterations in the Renal Tissue of Cholestatic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholestatic liver disease primarily affects hepatic tissue. Cholestasis could also influence the function of other organs rather than the liver. Cholestasis-induced kidney injury is a severe clinical complication known as "cholemic nephropathy" (CN). Bile duct ligation (BDL) is a trustworthy experimental model for inducing CN. Although the precise mechanism of renal injury in cholestasis is not fully recognized, several studies revealed the role of oxidative stress in CN. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against CN. Carnosine (CAR) is a peptide extensively investigated for its pharmacological effects. Radical scavenging and antioxidative stress are major features of CAR. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of CAR supplementation on the CN. Methods: CAR was administered (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p) to BDL rats for 14 consecutive days. Urine and serum markers of renal injury, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney tissue, and renal histopathological alterations were monitored. Results: Significant elevation in oxidative stress biomarkers, including ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and protein carbonylation were found in the kidney of BDL rats. Moreover, renal tissue antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly decreased in the organ of cholestatic animals. Renal histopathological changes, including tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cast formation, were detected in the kidney of BDL rats. It was found that CAR administration significantly protected the kidney of cholestatic animals. Conclusion: The antioxidative properties of this peptide might play a fundamental role in its protective properties during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Jale Yüzügülen
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shafaghat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
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