1
|
Subramanian V, Roberts HW, Han S, Sidow SJ, Berzins DW. Electrochemical Properties of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments. J Endod 2024; 50:1143-1150. [PMID: 38762142 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files have been commercially available for decades, but more recent innovations have introduced heat-treated and surface-treated files. This study investigated the corrosion properties of various nickel-titanium files in normal saline and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS Ten different file brands of size 40 with a 0.04 taper were subjected to electrochemical testing in 0.9% NaCl (saline) and 5.25% NaOCl at room temperature. The Open Circuit Potential (OCP) was observed for 1 hour followed by a cyclic polarization test from -300 to 700 mV and back to -300 mV (vs OCP). Nonparametric ANOVA and a pairwise comparison (P < .05) were used for statistical analysis of the OCP at 1 hour and the corrosion current (Icorr) obtained via the cyclic polarization test. RESULTS Significant differences (P < .05) were found between files with respect to OCP and Icorr in both solutions. Nine files exhibited significantly greater (P < .05) Icorrs in NaOCl than in saline. Conversely, pitting corrosion was observed in the saline solution but not NaOCl. Weak and/or moderate correlations existed between OCP and Icorr measures in the 2 solutions. CONCLUSION Significant differences in electrochemical properties were observed among the 10 brands of files. Overall, there was not a clear trend between conventional, heat-treated, or surface-treated files among OCP or Icorr in either solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidyalakshmi Subramanian
- Department of General Dental Sciences-Dental Biomaterials Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Howard W Roberts
- Department of General Dental Sciences-Dental Biomaterials, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Shengtong Han
- Department of General Dental Sciences-Biostatistics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stephanie J Sidow
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences-Endodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David W Berzins
- Department of General Dental Sciences-Dental Biomaterials, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vadera VP, Punia SK, Makandar SD, Bhargava R, Bapna P. A Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiencies of Different Rotary File Systems in Terms of Remaining Dentin Thickness Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61566. [PMID: 38962599 PMCID: PMC11220893 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the dentin thickness of the mesio-buccal canal of the lower first molar after canal preparation with three different rotary file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODOLOGY TruNatomy (Dentsply Sirona, USA), 2Shape (Micro-Mega, France), and One Curve (Micro-Mega, France) were the three different rotary files that were employed. A total of 45 excised human permanent first mandibular molars were divided into Groups A (TruNatomy), B (2Shape), and C (One Curve) at random. To measure the residual dentin thickness at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the radiographic apex, the mesial root of the tooth was removed from the tooth, and a mesio-buccal canal was taken. Samples were mounted in clear acrylic resin and were subjected to a pre-instrumentation CBCT scan. The mesio-buccal canal was cleaned and shaped while maintaining the final mesio-buccal canal preparation of Group A - 26/0.04, Group B - 25/0.04, and Group C - 25/0.04. The samples were extensively irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA, and a post-instrumentation scan was performed on them. Statistics were used to determine the values from CBCT scans that were recorded for pre- and post-instrumentations. RESULTS The results showed that Group A had the greatest drop in dentin thickness, followed by Group B and Group C. The change in dentin thickness was greatest at 3 mm and 7 mm. CONCLUSION In contrast to TruNatomy and 2Shape rotary file systems, One Curve has the advantage of maintaining a tooth's thickness at 3 and 7 millimeters from the radiological apex. Since the TruNatomy file system removes more dentin than the other two combined, it should be used cautiously. Choosing the right instrument is crucial for cleaning and shaping during root canal preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Vadera
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, IND
| | - Sandhya K Punia
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, IND
| | - Saleem D Makandar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| | - Rahul Bhargava
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, IND
| | - Pradeep Bapna
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almnea RA, Mohammad Al Ageel Albeaji S, Ali Alelyani A, AlHarith D, Saeed Alshahrani A, Al Malwi AA, Alobaid MA, Al Moaleem MM. Comparative Analysis of Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files in Severely Curved L-Shaped Root Canals: Preparation Time, Aberrations, and Fracture Rates. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:1-9. [PMID: 38384359 PMCID: PMC10878313 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s452742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This simulated study of 30 severely curved L-shaped root canals aimed to compare preparation time, aberrations, width measurements, and fractured files of three nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files, namely, ProTaper, ProTaper Next (PTN), and WaveOne (WO). Methods Thirty simulated L-curved root canals of resin blocks were randomly divided into three groups. The canals were prepared to a tip size of 25 using ProTaper, PTN, and WO rotary file systems. Pre- and post-operative views for each sample were captured by a professional camera at a standardized distance and position. Blue India ink was injected into the pre-operative canals, and red India ink was injected into the post-operative canals to give a clear superimposition image. Five points were assessed through the halfway of the canal to the orifice (area between the beginning of curvature and apical end point). Preparation time, aberrations, width measurements, and fractured files were recorded and analyzed. Results Mean preparation time was longest in ProTaper (4.89±0.68 minutes). PTN and WO were the fastest in preparing the canals (about 3 minutes). A statistically significant difference was found between WO and ProTaper & PTN and ProTaper (p=0.000), while the difference was non-significant (p > 0.05) between WO and PTN. Nine aberrations consisting of three zips, one ledge and one outer widening were related to ProTaper, while WO recorded a ledge and fractured file, but for PTN system, it verified an outer widening and ledge. Only one WO file fractured, with no deformation observed in the other instruments. No significance was recorded among the width measurements in the different levels. Conclusion ProTaper next achieved faster cutting than the ProTaper and WO file systems. PTN maintained the best apical termination position and produced the least canal aberration, followed by WO and ProTaper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raid Abdullah Almnea
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Ali Alelyani
- Restorative Department, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia AlHarith
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Malwi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alobaid
- Restorative Dental Science Department & Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hofpeter K, Zehnder M, Hülsmann M, Al-Jadaa A, Deari S. Precision-milled simulated curved root canals in bovine dentine for the assessment of chemo-mechanical root canal preparation. Int Endod J 2024; 57:78-86. [PMID: 37840198 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to develop a standardized curved root canal model in bovine dentine and to assess whether that natural substrate would behave differently from the resin in standard plastic training blocks when prepared chemo-mechanically. The impact of substrate microhardness on simulated canal transportation was considered. METHODOLOGY High-precision computer numerical control (CNC) milling was used to recreate a simulated root canal from a resin training block (Endo Training Bloc J-Shape, size 15) in longitudinally sectioned, dis- and re-assembled bovine incisor roots. Optical overlays obtained from 10 resin blocks were used to identify an average canal and program the CNC milling apparatus accordingly. Resin and dentine microhardness were measured. Simulated root canals in resin training blocks and their bovine counterparts were then instrumented at 37°C using Reciproc R25 instruments (VDW) with water or 17% EDTA (n = 10). Open-access image processing software was used to superimpose and analyse pre- and postoperative images obtained with a digital microscope. Centering ratios were averaged to indicate canal transportation. The effects of substrate and irrigant on canal transportation were assessed by two-way anova. RESULTS Superimposed images showed that resin blocks under investigation varied considerably in terms of simulated canal length and curvature, whilst the milled canals were highly similar. The microhardness of dentine was more than three times higher than that of the resin. Conversely, canal transportation was considerably greater in dentine compared to resin, and in dentine had a tendency to be increased by EDTA. There was a strong effect of substrate on canal transportation (p < .001), no overall effect of irrigant, and a marginally significant interaction between irrigant and substrate (p = .077). CONCLUSIONS CNC milling allows to create standardized simulated curved root canals in bovine dentine. These models may be useful to test and compare materials and concepts of chemo-mechanical root canal instrumentation. Microhardness is a bulk feature that does not predict the response to chemo-mechanical instrumentation of a composite material such as dentine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hofpeter
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Zehnder
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hülsmann
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anas Al-Jadaa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shengjile Deari
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Estrela C, Bueno MR, Rossi-Fedele G, Decurcio DA, Guedes OA, Sousa-Neto MD, Estrela CRDA. Method to determine the root canal spatial geometry using an algorithm of the e-Vol DX CBCT software. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:40-49. [PMID: 38133091 PMCID: PMC10742355 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated a method to determine the spatial geometry of root canal preparation (RCP) using navigation dynamics and a specific algorithm from a new CBCT software (e-Vol DX). CBCT scans of 168 root canals of mandibular molars were acquired before and after RCP, using nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (ProTaper Next, BioRace, Reciproc Blue, and WaveOne Gold). The spatial geometry of the root canals and the operative risk of disproportional wear of dentinal walls after RCP were evaluated using a new CBCT software. A 3-point scoring system was used after the measuring of cementum/dentin thickness before and after RCP in all root thirds. The root thirds were distributed into three parts of similar sizes, and the scores were categorized at three levels: 1. mild risk (1/3), 2. moderate risk (2/3), 3. severe risk (3/3). These levels were proposed according to the risk of creating disproportionate shapes, thin walls, or perforations. The data were analyzed statistically by Fischer's exact test (α = 5%). There were no significant differences in operative risk among the NiTi engine-driven systems, for the distal or mesial walls of all the root canal thirds (p>0.05). The spatial geometry method to assess operative risk allows clinical planning for a predictable enlargement of the root canal in all root thirds. Based on using a map-reading strategy on root canals in CBCT scans, NiTi engine-driven instruments did not present an increased operative risk during RCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Giampiero Rossi-Fedele
- Professor of Endodontics University of Adelaide, Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Orlando Aguirre Guedes
- Professor of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Evangelical University of Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alovisi M, Mirra D, Berutti E, Multari S, Carpegna G, Pasqualini D, Scotti N. Working length variation during multiple-visit endodontic treatment: An observational study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:107-112. [PMID: 36281895 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated variation in working length during multiple-visit endodontic treatment. Patients (N = 106) with pulpitis or pulp necrosis, with or without apical periodontitis, were included. During the first appointment, glide path was performed with ProGlider and shaping with ProTaper Next. Working length was detected four times. Working length was then re-recorded prior to filling during the second appointment and a 0.5 mm threshold was selected as the minimum clinically meaningful variation. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the impact of tooth anatomy, preoperative pulp status, apical periodontitis and lesions of endodontic origin on working length variation. Working length varied between first and second appointments in 34% of patients. The presence of apical periodontitis was the only variable significantly associated with variation in working length (p = 0.011). These data suggest that working length should be re-checked prior to root canal filling to prevent procedural errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Mirra
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elio Berutti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Multari
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Carpegna
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Damiano Pasqualini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan WS, Gulati K, Peters OA. Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:91-111. [PMID: 36203965 PMCID: PMC9520078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics, particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Research advances have primarily focused on the design, shape, and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical properties. So far, extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments, however, limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in endodontics. This review summarizes the unique characteristics, current use, and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic files. It discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added functionalization. Whilst clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized, future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium alloy) is widely used to clean/shape root canal system in endodontics. To enhance its performance, various thermo-mechanical and nano-engineering modifications have been performed. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advances and future trends relating to functionalized NiTi endodontic files.
Collapse
|
8
|
Omori S, Ebihara A, Hirano K, Kasuga Y, Unno H, Nakatsukasa T, Kimura S, Maki K, Hanawa T, Okiji T. Effect of Rotational Modes on Torque/Force Generation and Canal Centering Ability during Rotary Root Canal Instrumentation with Differently Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Instruments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6850. [PMID: 36234189 PMCID: PMC9571549 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate how various rotational modes influence the torque/force production and shaping ability of ProTaper Universal (PTU; non-heat-treated) and ProTaper Gold (PTG; heat-treated) nickel−titanium instruments. J-shaped resin canals were instrumented with PTU or PTG using an automated instrumentation device operated with reciprocating rotation [150° clockwise and 30° counterclockwise (R150/30) or 240° clockwise and 120° counterclockwise (R240/120)], optimum torque reverse motion (OTR), or continuous rotation (CR) (n = 10 each). Maximum force and torque were recorded, and canal centering ratios were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way ANOVA and a Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). The results were considered with reference to previous studies on the microstructure of the instruments. The upward force generated by R240/120 and OTR was smaller than that generated by R150/30 and CR in PTG (p < 0.05). The clockwise torque produced by OTR was lower than that produced by R150/30 in PTU and R240/120 and CR in PTG (p < 0.05). R240/120 and OTR induced less canal deviation compared to CR in PTU at 0 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). In conclusion, R240/120 and OTR reduced the screw-in force in PTG and improved the canal centering ability in PTU, which may be associated with the heat treatment-induced microstructural difference of the two instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Omori
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Arata Ebihara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keiko Hirano
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuka Kasuga
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hayate Unno
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Taro Nakatsukasa
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Maki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ZAN R, LENGER B. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROTARY INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS ON THE AMOUNT OF APICALLY EXTRUDED DEBRIS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of our study is to examine in vitro the amount of debris extrusion from the apical after root canal preparation with different rotary instruments.
Materials and Methods: In present study, 60 single root single-canal lower premolar human teeth were used. The teeth were randomly selected and divided into 4 main groups (n=15). Root canals are shaped by using 2Shape, One Curve and XP-3DEndo Shaper working in rotational motion and WaveOne Gold working reciprocal motion. Later, the weight of each eppendorf tube was weighed on a precision scale and the amount of debris extrusion from the apical was determined with 10ˉ4 precision by subtracting the empty weight of the tube. Since the parametric test assumptions were fulfilled in the evaluation of the data obtained regarding the amount of debris extrusion from the apical of file systems by loading them into the SPSS 22.0 program, One-Way Variance analysis was used and the level of error was taken as 0.05.
Results: When the amount of debris extrusion from the apical is ordered from high to low, it was seen that there are 2Shape, One Curve, XP-Endo Shaper, WaveOne Gold. However, the difference between study groups was not statistically significant (p> 0.05).
Conclusions: Considering the results obtained in terms of debris extrusion from the apical about the new generation files with different metallurgy, kinematics, structural features, designs and different configurations that we used ın present study, it was seen that these systems would not show any difference in terms of the effect of debris on the success of endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recai ZAN
- SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Impact of Radial Lands on the Reduction of Torque/Force Generation of a Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instrument. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a one-sided radial-landed cross-sectional design of a heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instrument (JIZAI, MANI, Japan; JZ) on torque/force generation and canal-shaping ability, using an experimental non-landed instrument (non-landed JZ) for comparison. Both instruments had tip sizes of 25 and 0.04 or 0.06 taper and were similar in metallurgy and geometry, except for the presence/absence of a radial land. Twenty J-shaped simulated resin canals were instrumented in a two-instrument single-length sequence using an automated root canal instrumentation device with a torque/force analyzing unit. Pre- and post-instrumentation images of the resin canals were analyzed for canal-centering ability at 0–3 mm from the apex. The mean centering ratio was not significantly different between JZ and non-landed JZ (p > 0.05). In the 2nd instrumentation, JZ showed a significantly smaller torque compared with the non-landed JZ (p < 0.05). Regardless of instrumentation sequence, JZ showed a significantly smaller maximum upward force, representing screw-in force (p < 0.05), and a larger maximum downward force (p < 0.05) than the non-landed JZ. JZ generated smaller screw-in forces and had similar canal-centering ability compared with the non-landed JZ.
Collapse
|
11
|
Haridoss S, Rakkesh KM, Swaminathan K. Transportation and Centering Ability of Kedo-S Pediatric and Mtwo Instruments in Primary Teeth: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S30-S34. [PMID: 35645489 PMCID: PMC9108830 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleaning and debriding the canals and preserving the shape of the canal without deformation is the primary goals of pulpectomy. Transportation is a critical endodontic iatrogenic fault that could cause a catastrophe. This study evaluated the canal centering ability and canal transportation caused by Kedo-S pediatric and Mtwo instruments, using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods This in vitro study was performed on distal roots of 50 primary mandibular first molars. The teeth were scanned using CBCT and randomly divided into two groups. The canals were then prepared using either Kedo-S or Mtwo files (n = 25). The instrumented canals were rescanned. The scanned volumes were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Canal transportation (CT) and instrument centering ability were estimated and compared in both groups. Results The mean values for two study groups were compared. T -test was used to determine theP value. The Levene's test was used to test the significance between two groups. The two groups showed similar results in terms of transportation and centering ability (P > 0.05). Conclusion Kedo-S pediatric and Mtwo instruments demonstrated similar canal centering ability and CTs. How to cite this article Haridoss S, Rakkesh KM, Swaminathan K. Transportation and Centering Ability of Kedo-S Pediatric and Mtwo Instruments in Primary Teeth: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S30-S34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Haridoss
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kavitha Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Kavitha Swaminathan, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 4424768027, e- mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chaniotis A, Ordinola Zapata R. Present status and future directions -Management of curved and calcified root canals. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:656-684. [PMID: 35106792 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Root canal curvature and calcification introduce factors that increase the risk of procedural accidents during root canal treatment. The inability to achieve patency to the apical third, asymmetrical dentine removal leading to transportation, perforation and instrument fracture inside the curved trajectories are some of the procedural problems that might jeopardize the management of intraradicular infection and result in poor treatment outcomes. In fact, curved and constricted canals introduce such complexity that total instrumentation concepts and specially designed instruments have been developed to deal with the challenge. This narrative review seeks to provide and consolidate the principles necessary for understanding the dynamics of curved and constricted canal management and to improve the understanding for future developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Chaniotis
- Private practice, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ronald Ordinola Zapata
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hülsmann M. A critical appraisal of research methods and experimental models for studies on root canal preparation. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:95-118. [PMID: 34800299 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is the aim of this review to present a critical overview and summary on the contemporary possibilities, limitations and challenges of research related to root canal preparation. Frequently used research tools and contemporary research designs will be presented and discussed critically focussing on shortcomings and benefits with special regard to clinical relevance and scientific evidence. A plethora of experimental set-ups for assessing the shaping of root canals have been described in the endodontic literature using a considerable number of techniques and instruments. Nevertheless, it can be stated that scientific evidence demonstrating the clinical impact of many investigated topics is questionable or even missing. Instead of technical, radiographic and geometrical parameters, further research should focus on biological aspects and clinical evidence of the impact of root canal preparation on the outcome of root canal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hülsmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sruthi S, Jeevanandan G, Govindaraju L, Subramanian E. Assessing quality of obturation and instrumentation time using Kedo-SG blue, Kedo-SH, and reciprocating hand K-files in primary mandibular molars: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:76. [PMID: 34760067 PMCID: PMC8543121 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.326649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulpectomy is the treatment of choice for severely infected primary molars. The aim of the study is to evaluate the instrumentation time and obturation quality using Kedo SG blue, Kedo SH, and reciprocating hand K files in primary mandibular molars. To evaluate the instrumentation time and obturation quality using Kedo-SG blue, Kedo-SH, and reciprocating hand K-files in primary mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 45 mandibular molars and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 15). Group I was instrumented using Kedo-SG blue pediatric rotary files, Group II with Kedo-SH pediatric hand files, and Group III with reciprocating hand K-files. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before and after root canal instrumentation. Root canal preparation time was also recorded. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using SPSS software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the instrumentation time and the quality of obturation were done using ANOVA and Chi-square test with the level of significance set at 5%. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences were noted with regard to the quality of obturation between the three groups (P < 0.14). However, a statistically significant difference was noted in the instrumentation time between the three groups (P = 0.000). Kedo-SG blue rotary file had significantly lesser instrumentation time when compared to that of Kedo-SH hand files and reciprocating hand K-files. Conclusion: On comparative evaluation,Kedo-SG blue pediatric rotary file showed a marked reduction in instrumentation time, followed by Kedo-SH pediatric hand files and reciprocating hand K-files.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sruthi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lavanya Govindaraju
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emg Subramanian
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Pham K. Differential scanning calorimetric investigations of three rotary nickel-titanium instrument systems before and after simulated clinical uses. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:488. [PMID: 34600503 PMCID: PMC8487136 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transformation temperatures were important values, influencing the mechanical properties and clinical performance of nickel-titanium instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the transformation temperatures of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti before and after simulated clinical uses. METHODS Ninety new NiTi instruments of three single-file instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti were divided into three groups. Thirty instruments of each group were divided into 3 subgroups (10 instruments for each subgroup): new, one-time simulated clinical used and sterilised, and three times simulated clinical used and sterilized subgroups. The instruments were in the as-received condition for the new subgroups, one time used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the one-time subgroups, and three times used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the three times subgroups. Each instrument in subgroups was cut into four small segments of 4-5 mm. All segments of instruments were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test at the significant level of 0.05. RESULTS There was not significant difference between before and after simulated clinical use with sterilised procedure in three NiTi instrument systems. The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three instrument systems were higher than that of the human body (37 °C), of these, the Af temperature of Neoniti was highest and that of HyFlex CM Pro was lowest. CONCLUSIONS The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three NiTi instruments were higher than that of human body temperature, therefore, material was in the phase transformation from martensite to austenite, gives the instruments more flexibility when used in the clinical situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Van Pham
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kılıç Y, Karataşlıoğlu E, Kaval ME. The Effect of Root Canal Preparation Size and Taper of Middle Mesial Canals on Fracture Resistance of the Mandibular Molar Teeth: An In Vitro Study. J Endod 2021; 47:1467-1471. [PMID: 34118255 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of root canal preparation size and taper of middle mesial (MM) canals on fracture resistance of mandibular molars. METHODS Fifty-five mandibular molar teeth having an MM canal were selected based on the cone-beam computed tomographic analysis. After the decoronation and distal root separation procedure, the lengths of the mesial roots were standardized to 13 mm. The specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 11). Mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were prepared up to size 30.06 using VDW.ROTATE rotary files (VDW, Munich, Germany). The MM canal was prepared up to size 25.04, 25.06, 30.04, and 30.06, respectively. No preparation was done in the MM canal in the control group. After the irrigation protocol, the canals were obturated with the single-cone technique. A thin layer of silicone-coated specimens was embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to a fracture strength test by a universal testing machine. A vertical force was applied to the roots until they fracture. Statistical analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan tests (P = .05). RESULTS There was no significant difference between group 25.04 and the control group, but the fracture strengths of these groups were found to be significantly higher than that of groups 25.06, 30.04, and 30.06 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, we concluded that increasing the apical diameter and taper in the MM canal reduces the fracture strength of mandibular molar teeth. Among the tested instrumentation sizes, fracture strength decreased significantly when greater than 25.04 instrumentation sizes were chosen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Kılıç
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Karataşlıoğlu
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El-Kishawi M, Khalaf K. An Update on Root Canal Preparation Techniques and How to Avoid Procedural Errors in Endodontics. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Effective root canal treatment involves cleaning and shaping root canals using a range of instrumentation procedures and techniques. The aim of this review was to provide an update on root canal hand instrumentation techniques and how to overcome iatrogenic errors.
Methods:
A comprehensive search was carried out using multiple databases, PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies addressing the objective of this study and to summarize the current evidence to readers. Keywords, i.e., endodontics, root canal preparation, hand instrumentation, techniques and procedural errors, as well as, MeSH terms, i.e. “endodontics”, “instrumentation”, “root canal preparation” were used to conduct our comprehensive search.
Results:
The hybrid technique is a commonly-used approach that combines the benefits of both the crown-down and step-back techniques and was reported to be one of the best techniques to produce an optimal root canal preparation outcome. Hand-instrument manipulation using the balanced forced technique is also favoured as it rapidly and safely permits removal of canal contents allowing irrigants and medications to reach deep inside canal spaces.
Conclusion:
The use of hand files is still recommended for initial canal negotiation and preparation and is essential for the correction of procedural errors. This study provided an update on several hand instrumentation techniques commonly used in endodontics. The correct and safe application of these techniques can prevent iatrogenic procedural errors from occurring which optimizes the quality of treatment outcome.
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan AS, Ur Rehman S, Ahmad S, AlMaimouni YK, Alzamil MAS, Dummer PMH. Five decades of the International Endodontic Journal: Bibliometric overview 1967-2020. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1819-1839. [PMID: 34196006 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) has served as a platform for research and clinical practice in Endodontics since 1967. This study provides a bibliographic analysis and overview of the publications that have appeared in the IEJ from 1967 to 2020. METHODOLOGY A literature search was performed in Elsevier's Scopus database to locate all the publications of the International Endodontic Journal. Various bibliometric software packages including the open-source visualization software Gephi and Biblioshiny (version 2.0) were employed for data visualization and analysis. RESULTS A total of 3739 records with citation and bibliographic details were selected and retrieved to allow a bibliometric analysis to be performed. The bibliometric analysis indicates that the IEJ has grown both in terms of productivity and influence. Over time, the journal has been associated with an increase in the number of manuscripts published and the citations they have attracted, but with minor downward fluctuations in citations in the last few years. Bibliographic coupling of the IEJ articles revealed that the major research themes published in the journal include 'endodontics', 'root canal treatment', 'calcium hydroxide', 'apical periodontitis', 'mineral trioxide aggregate', 'microbiology', 'cyclic fatigue', 'cone-beam computed tomography' and 'micro-computed tomography'. Authors affiliated to institutions in the UK were the major contributors to the journal and were linked with other countries such as Brazil, USA and Malaysia. The largest number of publications were from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. CONCLUSION The IEJ is one of the leading journals in Endodontology and has been providing a platform for innovative research and clinical reports for more than 50 years. Publications have been associated with a wide range of authors, institutions and countries around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara K AlMaimouni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar A S Alzamil
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kapse BS, Nagmode PS, Vishwas JR, Karpe HB, Basatwar HV, Godge SP. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium file systems, HyFlex controlled memory, Revo-S, and Mtwo in moderately curved root canals using computed tomography (CT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 10°–20° of curvature were selected. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of ten each. After preparation with HyFlex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland), Revo-S (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.
RESULTS: Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by Revo-S, Mtwo file system showed maximum transportation.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the present in-vitro study, we can conclude that HyFlex CM rotary file systems showed least canal transportation and highest centering ability as compared to Revo-S and Mtwo file system but there was no statistically significant difference among these file systems (p > 0.05) at coronal, middle, and apical level of root canal.
Collapse
|
20
|
A Critical Review of Methods for Quantitative Evaluation of Root Canal Transportation. J Endod 2021; 47:721-731. [PMID: 33587997 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A comparison between root canal transportation studies is nearly impossible because of nonstandardized transportation evaluation methods. The aim of the present review was to search, compare, and critically discuss transportation evaluation methods. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and reference lists of articles was conducted up to March 2020 using appropriate key words to identify transportation evaluation methods. The methods in the included articles were extracted, compared, and categorized. RESULTS Seventy-four articles using original methods were selected. All studies share 3 main steps: image acquisition, image measurements, and calculation of parameters. Images were acquired by photography, radiography, and computed tomographic imaging. Two types of measurements were used: the amount of removed material and the canal center point distance. The parameters were calculated and reported as distance or ratio. Relationships between the different transportation parameters were found and confirmed with mathematical simulation. CONCLUSIONS Although methods were proposed as being novel, similarities between them were found, enabling the classification of the methods and identifying correlations. The canal center point distance is the most suitable for the description of canal transportation because it is comprehensible and it relates to the mathematical concept of translation. Removed material-based measurements are double the value of the canal center point distance. Ratio parameters are not suitable for reporting transportation.
Collapse
|
21
|
How to Improve Fine Motor Skill Learning in Dentistry. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6674213. [PMID: 33628248 PMCID: PMC7884127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Restorative dental treatment is a complex task involving various procedures which require the development and integration of both theoretical knowledge and fine motor skills. It aims to provide the theoretical background and role of key factors in learning these skills. Materials and Methods The following electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles to our topic: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Generic keywords, that is, factors, fine, performance, and dentistry, and MeSH terms, that is, "learning," "instruction," "patient simulation," "motor skills," "perception," "tactile," "neurophysiology," and "working memory" were used to conduct our comprehensive search. Results and Conclusions. Several techniques are used in performing different restorative procedures in dentistry, that is, root canal preparation, root planning, and minor oral surgery procedures. Mastering these techniques requires a good understanding of the underpinning cognitive, sensory, and neuromuscular processes. Factors including the amount and timing of instructions provided, cognitive abilities, and practice schedule of learning trials may have significant implications on the design of fine motor skill learning exercises.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakatsukasa T, Ebihara A, Kimura S, Maki K, Nishijo M, Tokita D, Okiji T. Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties and shaping performance of heat-treated nickel titanium rotary instruments used in the single-length technique. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:743-749. [PMID: 33518688 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of contemporary heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments used in the single-length technique [ProTaper Next (PTN), HyFlex EDM (EDM), and JIZAI (JZ)]. Bending loads, cyclic fatigue resistance, torque/force values and canal-centering ratios were evaluated for the three instruments and a non-heat-treated experimental NiTi instrument with the same geometry as JZ (nJZ). EDM and JZ exhibited significantly lower bending load and more cycles to failure compared with nJZ and PTN (p<0.05). PTN and JZ exhibited significantly better centering ability than nJZ and EDM (p<0.05). JZ and nJZ generated significantly smaller upward force and maximum torque than PTN and EDM (p<0.05). Under the present experimental condition, JZ exhibited flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance comparable to EDM, better maintained the canal curvature than the other instruments, and generated smaller torque and screw-in force than PTN and EDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nakatsukasa
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Arata Ebihara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Keiichiro Maki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Miki Nishijo
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Daisuke Tokita
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Noguchi I, Suzuki K, Yoshida T, Yamamoto Y, Ono M, Yamazaki Y, Satomura K, Ohyama T, Hosoya N. Development of Innovative Contra-angle Handpiece Device with Piston Movement for Root Canal Preparation. J Endod 2021; 47:641-647. [PMID: 33434564 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal amplitude and weight of the newly developed contra-angle handpiece. The handpiece uses piston movement without using an endodontic motor and enables a safe, quick, and reliable canal preparation. METHODS A prototype handpiece was designed. Instrumentation was performed on root canal resin blocks by 20 operators in 3 groups: the prototype handpiece with an H file (a stainless steel #25 manual H file, the piston group), a manually standardized technique with a K file (stainless steel #15-25 K files, the manual group), and a nickel-titanium (NiTi) reciprocating file with an endodontic motor (Reciproc Blue R25 [VDW, Munich, Germany], the NiTi group). Transportation of the canal center line and the time required for preparation were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS The optimal condition was an amplitude of 1.35 mm and a weight of 61.0 g. Transportation of the canal center was observed in all groups. A statistically significant difference was found at 2.0-3.0 mm from the apical foramen between the piston or NiTi group and the manual group, but no significant difference was found between the piston and NiTi groups. The least transportation was found in the NiTi and piston groups. The handpiece with a #25 H file demonstrated a good centering ability, similar to the NiTi file, which enabled speedy preparation. The time required for preparation between the piston or NiTi group and the manual group was statistically different. No significant difference was observed between the piston and NiTi groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the newly designed handpiece achieved efficient canal preparation and negotiation. The handpiece could avoid endodontic accidents, including ledge formation, instrument separation, and perforation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isoo Noguchi
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Shohakukai Dental Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Shohakukai Dental Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takumasa Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyako Ono
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamazaki
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Satomura
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Noriyasu Hosoya
- Department of Endodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Working Length Transfer in the Endodontic Clinical Practice: A Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present paper evaluated the accuracy of two different methods for transferring working length (WL) between manual endodontic instruments and nickel–titanium (NiTi) shaping files. Thirty root canals of extracted permanent teeth were used. Root canals were divided according to canal length (CL) and canal curvature (CC). The reference cusp and the root end were flattened to provide reproducible and accurate measurements. During shaping, the WL measurements were obtained with manual k-files (KF) and transferred to WaveOne (W1) NiTi reciprocating files using the traditional method with the endodontic ruler (method I) and an alternative clinical procedure based on the comparison of the instruments side by side from tip to shank (method II). For each file and each tested method, two measures were taken by two examiners using Rhino (ver. 4.0, McNeel, Seattle, WA, USA) software for a total of 360 (30 × 3 × 2 × 2) measures. Analysis of variance was performed by taking the difference in length (Delta WL, DWL) between files used for the same canal. The difference between methods I and II for WL transfer was found to be statistically significant (df = 1; F = 71.52; p < 0.001). The DWL absolute values obtained with method II were found to be closer to 0 mm (i.e., same length as corresponding KF) than those obtained with method I. Both CL (df = 2; F = 1.27; p = 0.300) and CC (df = 1; F = 2.22; p = 0.149) did not significantly influence WL measurements. With respect to WL transfer, method II seemed to better preserve the correct WL transfer between instruments during the clinical endodontic procedures.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sarraf P, Kiomarsi N, Taheri FH, Moghaddamzade B, Dibaji F, Kharazifard MJ. Apical Transportation of Mesiobuccal Canals of Maxillary Molars Following Root Canal Preparation with Two Rotary Systems and Hand Files: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Assessment. Front Dent 2020; 16:272-278. [PMID: 32342056 PMCID: PMC7181354 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i4.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the transportation of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars following root canal preparation with HyFlex CM (HCM) and Edge Taper Platinum (ETP) rotary systems and stainless steel (SS) hand files using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was performed on 48 maxillary molars in three groups of 16. The teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks, and root canals were prepared using HCM in group 1 (up to #30/0.06), ETP in group 2 (up to F3/0.06), and SS hand files in group 3 (up to #30). CBCT scans were taken before and after root canal preparation. The amount of canal transportation was measured at 0, 3, 6, and 9mm from the apex. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The difference in canal transportation at 0 and 6mm from the apex was significant between the HCM and ETP groups (P=0.031 and 0.023) but none of the systems showed any significant difference with hand files at 0-and 6-mm levels (P=0.10, 0.56, 0.22, and 0.50), respectively. At 3mm from the apex, no significant difference was noted among the groups (P=0.30). At the 9-mm level, the amount of canal transportation was not significantly different between HCM and ETP (P=0.83) but they showed significant differences with hand files (P<0.001). Conclusion: ETP and HCM caused less canal transportation at the curvature of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars compared to hand files. ETP showed superior efficacy in root canal preparation compared to HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Sarraf
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Kiomarsi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrang Moghaddamzade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dibaji
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pacheco‐Yanes J, Gazzaneo I, Pérez AR, Armada L, Neves MAS. Transportation assessment in artificial curved canals after instrumentation with Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, and
XP
‐endo Shaper Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12417. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pacheco‐Yanes
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Isbelia Gazzaneo
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alejandro R. Pérez
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mônica A. S. Neves
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Staffoli S, Özyürek T, Hadad A, Lvovsky A, Solomonov M, Azizi H, Itzhak JB, Bossù M, Grande NM, Plotino G, Polimeni A. Comparison of shaping ability of ProTaper Next and 2Shape nickel–titanium files in simulated severe curved canals. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
28
|
Zhang W, Tang Y, Liu C, Shen Y, Feng X, Gu Y. Root and root canal variations of the human maxillary and mandibular third molars in a Chinese population: A micro-computed tomographic study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:134-140. [PMID: 30107301 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the anatomical variations of the root and root canal configuration of the human third molars. DESIGNS A total of 130 maxillary and 130 mandibular third molars were collected from a native Chinese population. All teeth were scanned by micro-computed tomography. After 3D reconstruction, the root and canal morphology of each tooth was examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS For maxillary molars, a single fused root (67 cases, 51.5%) and a single root canal system (64 cases, 49.2%) was most common root/canal form; the typical three-rooted molars were detected only in 33 cases (25.4%), and the secondary MB canals were detected only in 9 molars (6.9%). For mandibular molars, 62 teeth were single-rooted (47.7%) and 42 had a single root canal system (32.3%); 20 singled-rooted and 60 double-rooted molars exhibited independent mesial and distal root canal systems (61.5%), and the type 1-1 canal was the most common configuration for mesial (57 cases) and distal (81 cases) root canal systems. C-shaped canals were detected in 11 maxillary and 36 mandibular single-rooted molars. The mean root surface area, root and crown volume of mandibular third molars were significantly higher than the maxillary third molars (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The root canal system of the third molars may exhibit several anatomic variations. Whereas in most of cases, the degree of the canal differentiation was at a low level, and the canal form was not complicate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Dentistry & Central Lab, First People's Hospital of Wujiang Dist., Nantong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Dentistry & Central Lab, First People's Hospital of Wujiang Dist., Nantong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifen Shen
- Department of Dentistry & Central Lab, First People's Hospital of Wujiang Dist., Nantong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Department of Dentistry & Central Lab, First People's Hospital of Wujiang Dist., Nantong University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moradi S, Gharechahi M, Bonyadimanesh F. Influence of Two Preparation Techniques on Transportation of Simulated Type II Root Canals. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2018; 13:385-389. [PMID: 30083211 PMCID: PMC6064025 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v13i3.20366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of canal configuration in simulated type II root canals that were instrumented by two different techniques using ProTaper Universal rotary files. Methods and Materials: Sixty simulated type II root canal in resin blocks were made and randomly divided into two groups. Pre and post-instrumentation images of resin blocks were prepared using stereomicroscope from three surfaces of blocks included two longitudinal section (mesiodistally and buccolingually), and one cross sectional surface. In the first group (G1) the straight canal was instrumented to the working length and the other canal was instrumented up to the area of canals junction. In second group (G2) both canals were instrumented to working length. The superimposed pre and post instrumentation images were assessed by the Adobe Photoshop software. The degree of transportation, centering ability, perimeter, surface and aspetic ratio (AR) in cross section and longitudinal section at apex, 3 mm and 5 mm above the apex, were measured. SPSS software, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistics analysis. Result: In mesiodistal direction, canal transportation was more (P=0.024) only in junction point in G2 which both canals were instrumented to working length. Also, surface changes were more significant (P=0.02) in G2 in cross sectional direction. The other parameter and also apical transportation had not significant difference in two groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that both two preparation methods of type II canals can be used by rotary instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moradi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Both operator and heat treatment determine the centring ability of Reciproc® files in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:697-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
31
|
Yammine S, Jabbour E, Diemer F, Majzoub Z. Canal Straightening Following Overinstrumentation with Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:245-251. [PMID: 29911063 PMCID: PMC5985682 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present in vitro study to compare canal straightening following shaping of curved canals with three types of new generation nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments-ProTaper Next (PTN)®, BT RaCe (BTR)®, and WaveOne Gold (WOG)®- and three different levels of protrusion beyond the major apical foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars with at least one curved canal were distributed in three comparable groups of 15 canals each. The canals were instrumented to the major foramen and then overinstrumented with the final file 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm beyond the foramen using PTN (Group PTN = 15), BTR (Group BTR = 15), and WOG (Group WOG = 15). Standardized pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs of the root canal were obtained for all groups using digital intraoral radiographs coupled with software. Differences in the degree of curvature were regarded as straightening and canal curvature was evaluated based on Schneider technique using the AmScope software for measurements and compared between groups and levels of instrumentation applying Mixed-model ANOVA. Significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Canal curvature tended to gradually straighten out as the level of instrumentation increased in all three groups without statistically significant difference among the groups (P = 0.826). CONCLUSION Overinstrumentation in curved canals resulted in straightening of the canal curvature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Yammine
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edgard Jabbour
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Franck Diemer
- Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Clément Ader, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - Zeina Majzoub
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Endodontic Procedural Errors by Students in Two Saudi Dental Schools. Eur Endod J 2018; 3:186-191. [PMID: 32161876 PMCID: PMC7006578 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2018.29491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore endodontic procedural errors committed by undergraduate dental students in King Khalid University (KKU), Abha and AlFarabi dental college, Riyadh. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed to 500 dental students from both schools and of both genders in the 5th and 6th levels in the academic year 2016–2017. Participants were asked to record their endodontic procedural error(s) that had occurred during training. Results: Returned and eligible questionnaires were 469 (93.8% response rate) and were almost equally distributed by university (KKU and Alfarabi). The participants’ age ranged from 22 to 24 years, and approximately 47% of them were female students and 65% were 6th level students. Almost 56% of the sample reported at least one endodontic procedural error during their training. Female students reported errors (65%) more frequently than the male students (49%; P=0.002). Up to 54% of these errors were in the posterior teeth and 65% were in teeth with curved roots. Most common error during access cavity preparation was gouging (68%) and due to instrumentation was ledge formation (47%), during obturation was voids (41%). There were no differences in the reported endodontic errors between the two universities. Conclusion: The frequency of reported endodontic procedural errors by senior dental students in both schools, more specifically those in the 6th year, is high. Ledge formation and voids in the root canal filling are the most frequently reported endodontic errors.
Collapse
|
33
|
Karamooz-Ravari MR, Dehghani R. The effects of shape memory alloys’ tension–compression asymmetryon NiTi endodontic files’ fatigue life. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411918762020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, NiTi rotary endodontic files are of great importance due to their flexibility which enables the device to cover all the portions of curved canal of tooth. Although this class of files are flexible, intracanal separation might happen during canal preparation due to bending or torsional loadings of the file. Since fabrication and characterization of such devices is challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, it is preferable to predict this failure before fabrication using numerical models. It is demonstrated that NiTi shape memory alloy shows asymmetric material response in tension and compression which can significantly affect the lifetime of the files fabricated from. In this article, the effects of this material asymmetry on the bending response of rotary files are assessed using finite element analysis. To do so, a constitutive model which takes material asymmetry into account is used in combination with the finite element model of a RaCe file. The results show that the material asymmetry can significantly affect the maximum von Mises equivalent stress as well as the force–displacement response of the tip of this file.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MR Karamooz-Ravari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Dehghani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Park HJ, Seo MS, Moon YM. Root canal volume change and transportation by Vortex Blue, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Universal in curved root canals. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e3. [PMID: 29487834 PMCID: PMC5816992 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. Materials and Methods Thirty canals with 20°-45° of curvature from extracted human molars were used. Root canal instrumentation was performed with VB, PTN, and PTU files up to #30.06, X3, and F3, respectively. Changes in root canal volume before and after the instrumentation, and the amount and direction of canal transportation at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the root apex were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Data of canal volume change were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, while data of amount and direction of transportation were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were no significant differences among 3 groups in terms of canal volume change (p > 0.05). For the amount of transportation, PTN showed significantly less transportation than PTU at 3 mm level (p = 0.005). VB files showed no significant difference in canal transportation at all 3 levels with either PTN or PTU files. Also, VB files showed unique inward transportation tendency in the apical area. Conclusions Other than PTN produced less amount of transportation than PTU at 3 mm level, all 3 file systems showed similar level of canal volume change and transportation, and VB file system could prepare the curved canals without significant shaping errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Seock Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Moon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yuan G, Yang G. Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of single-file system versus multi-file system in severely curved root canals. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:37-42. [PMID: 30895092 PMCID: PMC6388865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Reciprocating single-file systems are the latest nickel-titanium instruments and little information is available concerning the shaping ability of these new systems. Comparison of these single-file systems with well-known rotary multi-file systems is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of single-file system (WaveOne, WO) versus multiple-file system (ProTaper Next, PTN) in severely curved canals. Materials and methods A total of 20 severely curved canals were prepared with WO or PTN. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the specimens before and after instrumentation. Differences between two groups in canal surface area, volume, Structure Model Index (SMI), thickness, straightening, the ratio of uninstrumented surface area and canal transportation were evaluated. Results The outline of the canals after preparation showed smooth taper in both groups. Canal surface area, volume, SMI, Thickness and canal curvature were significantly increased after preparation in both groups, and no significant difference was found between groups. At apical third, canals prepared with WO showed larger values of transportation compared with those in PTN group in the direction of main curvature. Approximately 29–34% of the root canal surface remained uninstrumented after preparation and no significant difference was noticed between groups. Conclusion Both of the two instrument systems maintained the original outline of the canals well. The canals prepared with PTN had less transportation and were better centered in the apical region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kishore A, Gurtu A, Bansal R, Singhal A, Mohan S, Mehrotra A. Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of Twisted Files, HyFlex controlled memory, and Wave One using computed tomography scan: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:161-165. [PMID: 29279618 PMCID: PMC5706315 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_110_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems (Twisted Files [TF], HyFlex controlled memory [CM], and Wave One [WO]) in curved root canals using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 25–35 degrees of curvature were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of twenty each. After preparation with TF, HyFlex CM, and WO, all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by TF. WO file system showed maximum transportation. Conclusions: The canal preparation with HyFlex CM file system showed lesser transportation and better centering ability than TF, WO file system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kishore
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuraag Gurtu
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Bansal
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Singhal
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anmol Mehrotra
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mohammadian F, Sadeghi A, Dibaji F, Sadegh M, Ghoncheh Z, Kharrazifard MJ. Comparison of Apical Transportation with the Use of Rotary System and Reciprocating Handpiece with Precurved Hand Files: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:462-467. [PMID: 29225642 PMCID: PMC5722116 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v12i4.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Success of root canal treatment depends on several factors; among which, maintaining the original canal path during mechanical preparation is extremely important. This in vitro study aimed to compare apical transportation using RaCe NiTi rotary system and precurved stainless steel (SS) hand files in a reciprocating handpiece. Methods and Materials: Mesiobuccal canals of 40 extracted human mandibular first and second molars with 20 to 45° curvatures and 3 to 7 mm curve radius were chosen for this study. After working length determination, the teeth were divided into two groups (n=20). Root canals were prepared with RaCe in group 1 and NSK handpiece and precurved SS hand files in group 2 up to #30 with 2% taper in both groups. Radiographs were taken of teeth before and after instrumentation from buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. The images were superimposed using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software. Degree of straightening and amount of apical transportation at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm levels short of the working length were determined using digital subtraction radiography. The student’s t test was used to compare the degree of straightening and Mann Whitney test was applied to compare apical transportation (millimeters) between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups on buccolingual or mesiodistal views in degree of straightening and apical transportation on buccolingual view (P>0.05). However, on mesiodistal view, NSK reciprocating handpiece caused greater apical transportation at 0. 0.5 and 1 mm levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The RaCe system and precurved SS files in reciprocating handpiece were highly similar in terms of degree of straightening and apical transportation. Thus, engine-driven NSK reciprocating handpiece can be used as an efficient adjunct for root canal preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Dibaji
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sadegh
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghoncheh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ahmed S, Ismail PMS, Sekhar MC, Reddy SNL, Krishna MG, Reddy UN, Nikhita K, Harish PS. Evaluation of Effect of Irrigants with or without Surfactant on Root Canal Transportation by Cone Beam Computed Tomography-An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC75-ZC78. [PMID: 29207839 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27258.10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Maintenance of original canal anatomy with proper disinfection is our primary goal to achieve during root canal instrumentation. Surfactants are added to irrigating solution to promote deeper penetration into dentinal tubules. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of surfactants to Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on transportation of root canal. Materials and Methods Fifty human mandibular molars with mesial root curvatures of 10° - 40° were selected and embedded in silicone impression material to simulate mandibular arch form to facilitate imaging process and maintain reproducibility of images. Before instrumentation, root canals were scanned by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging (Carestream, India). The canals were then prepared with the ProTaper Next (PTN) system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), using one of the following irrigation regimens during the instrumentation and were divided into five groups based on irrigation regimens followed: G1 (n=10)-irrigation with saline solution(control); G2 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G3 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl added with surfactant; G4 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA; G5 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA added with surfactant. Post-instrumentation scans were obtained with similar parameters and position as pre-instrumentation scans by CBCT imaging. Transportation of the root canals were then analysed at three cross-sectional planes of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images at 2 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm from the apical end of the root. The data was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). Results The mean transportation values were higher in G5. Transportation in G3 and G5 was not significantly different compared to G2 and G4 respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion Instrumentation using irrigating solutions added with surfactant like 1% cetrimide maintained the canal curvature well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddiq Ahmed
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabu Mahin Syed Ismail
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Chandra Sekhar
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sampathi Naga Lakshmi Reddy
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moosani Gopi Krishna
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Natha Reddy
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalla Nikhita
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Sai Harish
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry, G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Govindaraju L, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian E. Clinical Evaluation of Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time using Two Modified Rotary File Systems with Manual Instrumentation in Primary Teeth. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC55-ZC58. [PMID: 29207834 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/30069.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pulp therapy in primary teeth has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. However, the conventional instrumentation technique used for root canal preparation in primary teeth is hand instrumentation. Various Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments are available to perform efficient root canal preparation in primary teeth. These Ni-Ti instruments has been designed to aid in better root canal preparation in permanent teeth but are rarely used in primary teeth. It is necessary to assess the feasibility of using these adult rotary files with a modified sequence in primary teeth. Aim To compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time during root canal preparation using hand files and modified rotary file systems in primary molars. Materials and Methods Forty-five primary mandibular molars were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n=15). Group I was instrumented using k-hand files, Group II with S2 ProTaper universal file and Group III with 0.25 tip 4% taper K3 rotary file. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before and after root canal instrumentation. Root canal preparation time was also recorded. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using SPSS Software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the instrumentation time and the quality of obturation was done using ANOVA and Chi-square test with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results No significant differences were noted with regard to the quality of obturation (p=0.791). However, a statistically significant difference was noted in the instrumentation time between the three groups (p<0.05). ProTaper rotary system had significantly lesser instrumentation time when compared to that of K3 rotary system and hand file system. Conclusion The hand files, S2 ProTaper Universal and K3 0.25 tip 4% taper files systems performed similarly with respect to the quality of obturation. There was a significant difference in instrumentation time with manual instrumentation compared to the modified rotary file systems in primary teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Govindaraju
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emg Subramanian
- Professor, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mittal A, Dadu S, Singh NS, Singh S, Gupta B, Abraham A, Yendrembam B, Kumari S. Comparative Assessment of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Reciproc and One Shape File Systems Using CBCT-An In Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC31-ZC34. [PMID: 28571257 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24257.9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal preparation leads to deviation of the canal anatomy causing canal transportation which affects the success of the treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a non invasive imaging technique to analyse the shape of the root canal before and after the preparation. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the canal transportation in curved mandibular molar root canals and centering ability of Reciproc and One Shape file systems after instrumentation using CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty mandibular molars were taken and allocated into two groups (n=10): Group 1-One Shape and Group 2-Reciproc. The canals were then scanned using CS 3D CBCT scanner (Carestream) before and after preparation, to assess the transportation and centering values at different levels respectively from the apex. The data gathered were then assessed statistically with Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Analysis revealed that Reciproc and One Shape showed statistically no significant difference in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (p>0.05). CONCLUSION One shape and Reciproc performed similar in terms of canal transportation & centering ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mittal
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shifali Dadu
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Sharma Singh
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Gupta
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anju Abraham
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bidya Yendrembam
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Forghani M, Hezarjaribi M, Teimouri H. Comparison of the shaping characteristics of Neolix and Protaper Universal systems in preparation of severely-curved simulated canals. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e556-e559. [PMID: 28469822 PMCID: PMC5410677 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the shaping characteristics of two types of nickel-titanium endodontic file systems with regard to the following parameters: Canal straightening, Canal deviation and Instrumentation time. Material and Methods Fifty severely curved canals simulated in resin blocks were prepared to an apical size 25 using Protaper Universal orNeolix systems (n=25 canals/group). The angle of canal curvature was determined before and after instrumentation. Pre- and post-operative images were superimposed to determine any canal deviation. The instrumentation time was also recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by using independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the change in canal angle (P > 0.05). The Neolix system produced less canal deviation at 7 of the 12 measuring points (p<0.05). The Neolix system also required less instrumentation time (p<0.05). Conclusions Both rotary systems were capable of maintaining the original curvature of the root canal; however, the Neolix system resulted in less canal deviation as well as shorter instrumentation time. Key words:Apical foramen,canal transportation, nickel-titanium instruments, Protaper Universal, root canal preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Forghani
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hezarjaribi
- Postgraduate student of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
PINTO SL, MARCELIANO-ALVES MFV, LINS RX, RADETIC EA, LOPES HP. The dentin thickness remaining in the risk zone of mandibular molars after cervical preflaring with four methods. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Cervical preflaring is an important step of the canal system instrumentation, but can lead to excessive enlargement or root perforation. Objective Evaluate the remaining dentin thickness in the mandibular molars of mesial roots using cone beam computed tomography: Gates-Glidden (crown-down); Gates-Glidden (step-back); LA Axxess and Easy Pro-Design. Material and method Were selected 40 lower molars mesial roots, which were scanned in a cone beam CT scanner before and after preparation. Were obtained five sections of the CT images with an interval of 1 mm from the furcation, and measured the thickness variation between the root canal to the root external portion in analysis software. Result The evaluation of the different levels showed no significance within the same group for the Gates-Glidden group. On the other hand, were observed difference for LA Axxess (p=0.002) and Easy Pro-Design (p=0.005). In the intergroup analysis, were observed difference in all levels, especially for Gates-Glidden in the ascendant order (ANOVA and Tukey). Conclusion Within the limitations of these study, is possible to conclude that the protocol with greater wear in the cervical risk area was the Gates-Glidden in step-back sequence, as the other groups were equivalent (p>0.05).
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Objectives: To provide an overview of the general curricula in preclinical endodontic training from 6 established dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was conducted in January 2014 including only schools that had more than 2 groups of student graduates prior to the study. We included 2 dental schools from the Central region, one from Qassim region, one from the Makkah region (west), one from Abha region (south west), and one from the eastern region. An internet-based questionnaire was sent to the course directors of preclinical endodontics department of the 6 schools. The survey comprised 20 questions that examined various aspects of preclinical endodontics. Results: It was demonstrated that a significant number of faculty members had Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees (n=21), Master’s degrees (n=15), and Saudi board certifications (n=8). We determined that the faculty to student ratio varied from 2:1 to 8: 1 among the colleges. The participating dental schools were found to teach the Step Back, as well as the Step Down techniques for root canal preparation. Five of the 6 schools implemented the use of nickel titanium rotary instruments. All dental schools predominantly used radiographs as the means of the working length determination. Conclusion: The curriculum for preclinical endodontics in Saudi Arabia is comparable to that followed in most European countries. A more comprehensive survey is needed that would involve more schools to formulate generalized guidelines for preclinical endodontic training in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Narayanaraopeta
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shivashankar MB, Niranjan NT, Jayasheel A, Kenchanagoudra MG. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Canal Transportation and Volumetric Changes in Root Canal Dentin of Curved Canals Using Mtwo, ProTaper and ProTaper Next Rotary System-An In-vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC10-ZC14. [PMID: 28050495 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20373.8788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complete cleaning and shaping of root canal system is of paramount importance to achieve a successful root canal treatment. There are various rotary Ni-Ti systems available in the market to achieve mechanical goal of root canal preparation. But aggressive preparation of root canal with such systems would result in canal transportation and excess root dentin removal that would be one of the major reasons to decide the prognosis of root canal treated tooth. AIM The present study was conducted to compare the root canal preparation in terms of canal transportation and volumetric changes in the root canal dentin among three Ni-Ti file systems, namely Mtwo, ProTaper (PT) and ProTaper NEXT (PTN) file system, using Computed Tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 mesiobuccal root canals of extracted first molar teeth with completely formed root apices and angle of curvature ranging between 10°- 35° were selected. These teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups containing 15 teeth each, based on rotary system used. Group-I: Mtwo files, Group-II: PT files and Group-III: PTN files. Pre-instrumentation CT images were obtained at three cross-sectional planes - 3mm, 7mm and 11mm from apical end of the root. Similarly, post-instrumentation images were obtained. Shortest distance from the edge of the canal to the periphery of the root was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance. RESULTS All three file systems tested in the present study presented similar behaviour with respect to the root canal transportation. Lesser canal transportation was recorded in Mtwo. But no statistically significant difference was seen in terms of canal transportation and volume of dentin removed between all three rotary systems (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Mtwo, PT and PTN rotary systems have similar behaviour with respect to canal transportation and volume of dentin removed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandini Thippannanavar Niranjan
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital , Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Jayasheel
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital , Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjun Goud Kenchanagoudra
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital , Davangere, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Likhitkar MS, Kulkarni SV, Burande A, Solanke V, Kumar CS, Kamble B. To evaluate the influence of smear layer with different instruments and obturation methods on microleakage of root canal filled teeth: In vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:240-4. [PMID: 27382541 PMCID: PMC4916799 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.183110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The success of root canal treatment depends on proper debridement, instrumentation, proper accessibility, and proper restoration. The presence of a smear layer is considered to be a significant factor. This in vitro study was conducted to assess the effect of the presence/absence of a smear layer on the microleakage of root canal filled teeth using different instruments and obturation methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred extracted mandibular premolars with closed apices and single roots were chosen and then divided into six groups, A to F, consisting of 15 teeth each. The control group included 10 teeth; 5 positive and 5 negative. The teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Groups A, B, C, and D were instrumented with engine-driven rotary Protaper NiTi files. Groups E and F were instrumented with conventional stainless steel hand files. Groups A, C, and E were flushed with 3 ml of 17% EDTA to remove the smear layer prior to obturation. All teeth were flushed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution and obturated with AH-Plus sealer with lateral condensation technique for Groups C, D, E, F and with thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique for Groups A and B. Using an electrochemical technique, leakages in the obturated canals were assessed for 45 days. The results were tabulated using Student's t-test (paired and unpaired t-test) with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Version 21 (IBM Company, New York, USA). RESULTS Group A showed the lowest mean value at intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 45 days. There was no current flow in the negative controls during the test period. There was leakage in the positive controls within a few minutes of immersion. CONCLUSION The results showed that rotary instrumentation contributed toward an exceptional preparation of root canals compared to hand instrumentation. Elimination of the smear layer enhanced the resistance to microleakage; thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation technique produced a better seal compared to the lateral condensation technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj S Likhitkar
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shantaram V Kulkarni
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aravind Burande
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Solanke
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Sushil Kumar
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Babasaheb Kamble
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Kimsdu, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gu Y, Kum KY, Perinpanayagam H, Kim C, Kum DJ, Lim SM, Chang SW, Baek SH, Zhu Q, Yoo YJ. Various heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments evaluated in S-shaped simulated resin canals. J Dent Sci 2016; 12:14-20. [PMID: 30895018 PMCID: PMC6395266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Heat treatment of nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloy produces a better arrangement of the crystal structure, thereby leading to increased flexibility and improved fatigue resistance or plastic behavior. This study aimed to assess the performance of various heat-treated NiTi rotary instruments in S-shaped resin canals. Materials and methods Forty S-shaped resin canals were instrumented (10/group) with either Twisted Files (R-phase), WaveOne (M-wire), Hyflex CM, or V Taper 2H (CM-wire) with the same apical size and taper (25/0.08). Each S-shaped resin canal was scanned both before and after instrumentation with microcomputed tomography. Changes in canal volume and transportation were evaluated at regular intervals (0.5 mm). Differences between instruments at the apical curve, coronal curve, and straight portion of the canals were analyzed statistically. Results All tested instruments caused more transportation at the coronal rather than apical curvatures, with the exception of Twisted Files for which apical transportation was the highest for any instrument or location (P < 0.05). The transportation was mostly influenced by the alloy type rather than their cross-sectional characteristics (P < 0.05). The volumetric increase after instrumentation was similar for all tested instruments at the apical curve (P > 0.05), whereas Hyflex CM created the most conservative preparations at the coronal curve (P < 0.05). At the straight portion, volumetric changes were largest for Twisted Files and smallest for V Taper 2H (P < 0.05). Conclusion Amongst heat-treated NiTi instruments, the CM-wire based instruments created the most favorable preparations in S-shaped resin canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sang-Min Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saberi N, Patel S, Mannocci F. Comparison of centring ability and transportation between four nickel titanium instrumentation techniques by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2016; 50:595-603. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saberi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - S. Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - F. Mannocci
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Silva EJNL, Vieira VCG, Tameirão MDN, Belladonna FG, Neves ADA, Souza EM, DE-Deus G. Quantitative transportation assessment in curved canals prepared with an off-centered rectangular design system. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e43. [PMID: 27191737 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of an off-centered rectangular design system [ProTaper Next (PTN)] to maintain the original profile of the root canal anatomy. To this end, ProTaper Universal (PTU), Reciproc (R) and WaveOne (WO) systems were used as reference techniques for comparison. Forty clear resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10) according to the instrumentation system used: PTN, PTU, R and WO. Color stereomicroscopic images of each block were taken before and after instrumentation. All image processing and data analysis were performed with an open source program (Fiji v.1.47n). Evaluation of canal transportation was obtained for two independent regions: straight and curved portions. Univariate analysis of variance and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test were performed, and a cut-off for significance was set at α = 5%. Instrumentation systems significantly influenced canal transportation (p = 0.000). Overall, R induced significantly lower canal transportation compared with WO, PTN and PTU (p = 0.000). The curved portion displayed superior canal transportation compared to the straight one (p = 0.000). The significance of the difference among instrumentation systems varied according to the canal level evaluated (p = 0.000). In its straight portion, R and WO exhibited significantly lower transportation than PTN; whereas in the curved portion, R produced the lowest deviation. PTU exhibited the highest canal transportation at both levels. It can be concluded that PTN produced less canal transportation than PTU and WO; however, R exhibited better centering ability than PTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo DE-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Elemam RF, Capelas JA, Vaz MAP, Viriato N, Pereira ML, Azevedo A, West J. Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:927-32. [PMID: 27018025 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the frequent use of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) systems on shaping ability of root canal utilizing Solidworks (2014, Dassault Systemes) software. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six root canals in clear resin blocks (Dentsply-Maillefer) were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 36). Six new sets of PTN instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used six times to shape the resin blocks. A #15 K-file was inserted to the working length (WL), followed by ProGlider (PG) to create a glide path. Sequential use of PTN instrumentation in a crown-down technique was used to reach size (30/07) apically. Macroscopic photos of the blocks were taken before and after instrumentation, layered by Paint Shop Pro 9 from JascSoftware, and then canal transportation was measured using Solidwork 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Multivariate statistical analysis general linear model (GLM) was also applied. Bonferroni correction test was used in multiple comparisons and the statistical significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS There was no difference in canal transportation resulted from utilizing PTN files after six multiple uses; in addition, the PTN files showed ability to maintain the original canal anatomy, especially in the apical level, where lowest total mean value of canal center displacement was seen (3 mm level) (0.019 ± 0.017). CONCLUSION ProTaper Next files can be used to prepare single and multiple canals in a single furcated tooth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ProTaper Next nickel-titanium (NiTi) file system is a safe instrument that respects the canal shape, allows practitioners to treat difficult cases with good results, and low risk of separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranya F Elemam
- PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva 4200-393, Porto, Portugal Phone: +351 92005818, e-mail:
| | - J A Capelas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A P Vaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Viriato
- Laboratory of Optics and Experimental Mechanics, INEGI-Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Pereira
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Azevedo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John West
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Barbieri N, Leonardi DP, Baechtold MS, Correr GM, Gabardo MCL, Zielak JC, Baratto-Filho F. Influence of cervical preflaring on apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented by reciprocating file systems. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:149. [PMID: 26593244 PMCID: PMC4656179 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cervical preflaring on apical transportation in curved root canals prepared using the Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating file systems. Methods Sixty curved canals were instrumented using Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary files, with and without preflaring (n = 15). A double-digital technique was used to digitally superimpose the file before instrumentation (#15 K-file) on the final apical reciprocating file (#25/08). The angle between the tip of the initial and final file was measured and recorded. Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean and standard deviation for apical transportation was 0.93 ± 2.48 for the Reciproc Group, 0.84 ± 1.94 for the Preflaring + Reciproc Group, 0.40 ± 1.14 for the WaveOne Group, and 0.83 ± 2.20 for the Preflaring + WaveOne Group. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups (p = 0.9509). Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, cervical preflaring did not influence apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented using Reciproc R25 and the WaveOne Primary files. Based on the in vitro measurements of apical transportation, the reciprocating files may be used without preflaring in curved root canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neisiana Barbieri
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Denise Piotto Leonardi
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marina Samara Baechtold
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele Maria Correr
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - João César Zielak
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|