1
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Shambalova VE, Larkovich RV, Aldoshin AS, Lyssenko KA, Nechaev MS, Nenajdenko VG. Sequential Modification of Pyrrole Ring with up to Three Different Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11183-11194. [PMID: 39087640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
An umpolung strategy was used for the preparation of highly functionalized 3-pyrrolin-2-ones. This approach involves dearomative double chlorination of 1H-pyrroles to form highly reactive dichloro-substituted 2H-pyrroles. The resulting intermediate reacts selectively with wet alcohols to form the corresponding alkoxy-substituted 3-pyrrolin-2-ones via double nucleophilic substitution in up to 99% yield. The subsequent reaction with different N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles opens access to highly functionalized pyrrolinones bearing additional functionality. The overall outcome of the reported sequence is step-by-step nucleophilic modification of pyrroles with three different nucleophiles. All steps were found to be highly efficient and 100% regioselective. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions and does not require any catalyst to give final products in very high yields. The obtained experimental results are in perfect agreement with the data obtained by theoretical investigation of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Shambalova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Larkovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Aldoshin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S Nechaev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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2
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Mayorquín-Torres MC, Simoens A, Bonneure E, Stevens CV. Synthetic Methods for Azaheterocyclic Phosphonates and Their Biological Activity: An Update 2004-2024. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7907-7975. [PMID: 38809666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The increasing importance of azaheterocyclic phosphonates in the agrochemical, synthetic, and medicinal field has provoked an intense search in the development of synthetic routes for obtaining novel members of this family of compounds. This updated review covers methodologies established since 2004, focusing on the synthesis of azaheterocyclic phosphonates, of which the phosphonate moiety is directly substituted onto to the azaheterocyclic structure. Emphasizing recent advances, this review classifies newly developed synthetic approaches according to the ring size and providing information on biological activities whenever available. Furthermore, this review summarizes information on various methods for the formation of C-P bonds, examining sustainable approaches such as the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, the Michaelis-Becker reaction, the Pudovik reaction, the Hirao coupling, and the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. After analyzing the biological activities and applications of azaheterocyclic phosphonates investigated in recent years, a predominant focus on the evaluation of these compounds as anticancer agents is evident. Furthermore, emerging applications underline the versatility and potential of these compounds, highlighting the need for continued research on synthetic methods to expand this interesting family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Mayorquín-Torres
- SynBioC Research Group, Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Simoens
- SynBioC Research Group, Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eli Bonneure
- SynBioC Research Group, Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Wu PP, Cao BR, Tian FY, Gao ZB. Development of SV2A Ligands for Epilepsy Treatment: A Review of Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam, and Padsevonil. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:594-608. [PMID: 37897555 PMCID: PMC11127901 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is primarily treated with antiseizure medications (ASMs). Although dozens of ASMs are available in the clinic, approximately 30% of epileptic patients have medically refractory seizures; other limitations in most traditional ASMs include poor tolerability and drug-drug interactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative ASMs. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a first-line ASM that is well tolerated, has promising efficacy, and has little drug-drug interaction. Although it is widely accepted that LEV acts through a unique therapeutic target synaptic vesicle protein (SV) 2A, the molecular basis of its action remains unknown. Even so, the next-generation SV2A ligands against epilepsy based on the structure of LEV have achieved clinical success. This review highlights the research and development (R&D) process of LEV and its analogs, brivaracetam and padsevonil, to provide ideas and experience for the R&D of novel ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Wu
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bi-Rong Cao
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fu-Yun Tian
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Zhao-Bing Gao
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
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4
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Mondal D, Bagchi A, Biswas S, Dagar T, Biswas A, Bagchi A, De S. Vesicle-Encapsulated Rolipram (PDE4 Inhibitor) and Its Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:369-378. [PMID: 38150107 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular carriers of drugs are popular for specific targeting and delivery. The most popular vesicles among these are liposomes. However, they suffer from some inherent limitations. In this work, alternative vesicles with enhanced stability, i.e., niosomes and bilosomes have been prepared, characterized, and their delivery efficiency studied. Bilosomes have the additional advantage of being able to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The taurine-derived bile salt (NaTC) was incorporated into the bilosome bilayer. The inspiration behind NaTC insertion is the recent reports on antiaging action and immune function of taurine. Fluorescence probing was used to study the vesicle environment. The entrapment and subsequent release of the important cAMP-specific PDE4 inhibitor/drug Rolipram, which has antibreast cancer properties, was assessed on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Rolipram has important therapeutic applications, one of the most significant in recent times being the treatment of Covid-19-triggered pneumonia and cytokine storms. As for cancer chemotherapy, the localization of drug, targeted delivery, and sustained release are extremely important issues, and it seemed worthwhile to explore the potential of the bilosomes and niosomes to entrap and release Rolipram. The important finding is that niosomes perform much better than bilosomes in the hormone-responsive breast cancer mileau MCF-7. Moreover, there was a 4-fold decrease in the IC50 of Rolipram encapsulated in niosomes compared to Rolipram alone. On the other hand, bilosome-encapsulated Rolipram shows higher IC50 value. The results can be further understood by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Arka Bagchi
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sima Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Tanmay Dagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Swati De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
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5
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Liu Z, Yan L, Jiang Q, Huang Y, Yang C, Wang C, Lu X, Ma L, Zhang Q. Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidone under Mild Conditions with Disordered Mesoporous Silica-Supported Pt Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301046. [PMID: 37643991 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) into high-valued 5-methylpyrrolidones has become an attractive case in studies of biomass utilization. Herein, we developed a disordered mesoporous Pt/MNS catalyst for this reductive amination process under room temperature and atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. The disordered mesoporous structures in support of Pt/MNS catalyst led the formation of highly dispersed Pt species via confinement effect, providing high specific area for enhancing the catalytic sites. With the synergistic effect between highly dispersed Pt species and mesoporous structures, 5-methylpyrrolidones were successfully synthesized from biomass-derived LA and primary amines with high selectivity. Mechanism studies indicated that introducing protonic acid would promote the reductive-amination process, and enamine intermediates could be detected during the in-situ DRIFT tests. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirmed that the hydrogenation of enamine intermediate was more accessible than that of imide intermediates, leading the excellent performance of the Pt/MNS catalyst. This work provided a green method to produce 5-methylpyrrolidone and revealed the impact of catalyst structural characteristics on the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Liu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Long Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chengmei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, P. R. China
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6
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Sephton T, Large JM, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidinone Scaffolds via Smiles-Truce Cascade. Org Lett 2023; 25:6736-6740. [PMID: 37668613 PMCID: PMC10510726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Arylsulfonamides have been found to react with cyclopropane diesters under simple base treatment to give α-arylated pyrrolidinones. This one-pot process comprises three steps: nucleophilic ring-opening of the cyclopropane, reaction of the resulting enolate in a Smiles-Truce aryl transfer, and lactam formation. The reaction represents a new, operationally simple approach to biologically active pyrrolidinones and expands Smiles-Truce arylation methods to encompass sp3 electrophilic centers in cascade processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jonathan M. Large
- Accelerator
Building, Open Innovation Campus, LifeArc, Stevenage SG1 2FX, U.K.
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic
Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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7
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Ong M, Arnold M, Walz AW, Wahl JM. Stereospecific Nitrogen Insertion Using Amino Diphenylphosphinates: An Aza-Baeyer-Villiger Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:6171-6175. [PMID: 35977381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amino diphenylphosphinates, which are commercially available or easily prepared from hydroxylamine, undergo ring expansion of cyclobutanones toward γ-lactams under mild conditions. A reaction pathway profoundly different from the common Beckmann reaction is achieved through the ambivalent character of the aminating agent. Thus, rearrangement occurs from a Criegee-like intermediate prior to the formation of the oxime species, which is corroborated by mechanistic experiments. Based on this observation, the migrating aptitude of the adjacent groups is analyzed and found to be in line with the parent Baeyer-Villiger reaction rendering a regioselective (up to >99:1 rr), stereospecific (>99% enantiospecificity), and chemoselective (>99%) insertion process possible. The method thus qualifies for late-stage skeletal editing as showcased by the synthesis of Rolipram and its N-alkylated analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Ong
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marlene Arnold
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander W Walz
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes M Wahl
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Calvano L, Gilson F, Driessens F, Petit S. Development of a Scalable Route to a Pyrrolidone Compound via a Hydroxyfuranone. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorene Calvano
- Chemical Process Research & Development, UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Gilson
- Chemical Process Research & Development, UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Frank Driessens
- Chemical Process Research & Development, UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Petit
- Chemical Process Research & Development, UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
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9
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Nagy BS, Llanes P, Pericas MA, Kappe CO, Ötvös SB. Enantioselective Flow Synthesis of Rolipram Enabled by a Telescoped Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Oxidative Aldehyde Esterification Sequence Using in Situ-Generated Persulfuric Acid as Oxidant. Org Lett 2022; 24:1066-1071. [PMID: 35050638 PMCID: PMC8822492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is reported for the enantioselective flow synthesis of rolipram comprising a telescoped asymmetric conjugate addition-oxidative aldehyde esterification sequence followed by trichlorosilane-mediated nitro group reduction and concomitant lactamization. The telescoped process takes advantage of a polystyrene-supported chiral organocatalyst along with in situ-generated persulfuric acid as a robust and scalable oxidant for direct aldehyde esterification. This approach demonstrates significantly improved productivity compared with earlier methodologies while ensuring environmentally benign metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence S Nagy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia Llanes
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Anti-Pathogenic Properties of the Combination of a T3SS Inhibitory Halogenated Pyrrolidone with C-30 Furanone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247635. [PMID: 34946717 PMCID: PMC8707098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the current public health challenges to be solved. The World Health Organization (WHO) has urgently called for the development of strategies to expand the increasingly limited antimicrobial arsenal. The development of anti-virulence therapies is a viable option to counteract bacterial infections with the possibility of reducing the generation of resistance. Here we report on the chemical structures of pyrrolidones DEXT 1–4 (previously identified as furan derivatives) and their anti-virulence activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. DEXT 1–4 were shown to inhibit biofilm formation, swarming motility, and secretion of ExoU and ExoT effector proteins. Also, the anti-pathogenic property of DEXT-3 alone or in combination with furanone C-30 (quorum sensing inhibitor) or MBX-1641 (type III secretion system inhibitor) was analyzed in a model of necrosis induced by P. aeruginosa PA14. All treatments reduced necrosis; however, only the combination of C-30 50 µM with DEXT-3 100 µM showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth in the inoculation area and systemic dispersion. In conclusion, pyrrolidones DEXT 1–4 are chemical structures capable of reducing the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and with the potential for the development of anti-virulence combination therapies.
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11
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Mohammat MF, Safyudin U, Rashid FNAA, Salleh SNM, Johari SA, Shaameri Z, Hamzah AS. Synthesis of Ethyl 3-Methyl-4,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate Analogues Using Green and Expeditious Grinding Method. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Głowacka IE, Hartwich A, Rozpara I, Piotrowska DG. Synthesis of Functionalized Diethyl(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate and Diethyl(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113160. [PMID: 34070623 PMCID: PMC8197975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short and efficient syntheses of functionalized (pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate and (5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate have been developed. The synthetic strategy involved the diastereospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-benzyl-C-(diethoxyphosphoryl)nitrone to cis-1,4-dihydroxybut-2-ene and dimethyl maleate, respectively. O,O-Diethyl 3-carbamoyl-4-hydroxy(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate was obtained from O,O-diethyl 2-benzyl-4,5-dimethoxycarbonyl(isoxazolidin-3-yl)phosphonate by hydrogenation and subsequent treatment with ammonia, whereas transformation of O,O-diethyl 2-benzyl-4,5-dihydroxymethyl(isoxazolidin-3-yl)phosphonate into O,O-diethyl 3-aminomethyl-4-hydroxy(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate was accomplished by mesylation followed by hydrogenolysis to undergo intramolecular cyclization and the introduction of amino group via ammonolysis. Stereochemistry of the isoxazolidine cycloadducts, as well as the final functionalized (pyrrolidin-2-yl)- and (5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonates were established based on conformational analyses using vicinal H-H, H-P, and C-P couplings and supported by the observed diagnostic NOESY correlation signals.
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13
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Semenets A, Suleiman M, Georgiyants V, Kovalenko S, Kobzar N, Grinevich L, Pokrovskii M, Korokin M, Soldatov V, Bunyatyan V, Perekhoda L. Theoretical justification of a purposeful search of potential neurotropic drugs. SCIENCERISE: PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15587/2519-4852.2020.210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Manta S, Kollatos N, Mitsos C, Chatzieffraimidi GA, Papanastasiou I, Gallos JK, Komiotis D. Multicomponent Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines and Oxalacetate Analogues Leading to Biologically Attractive Pyrrole Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:818-830. [PMID: 31902356 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200103123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is a very important pharmacophoric moiety. It has been widely incorporated into the skeleton of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal active substances. Access to this key heterocycle by diverse routes is particularly attractive in terms of chemistry, and also from the environmental point of view. The present minireview summarizes the reported methods for the preparation of highly substituted pyrrole derivatives based on the one-pot multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, primary amines, and oxalacetate analogues as well as their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Mitsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia-Anna Chatzieffraimidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - John K Gallos
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Xia X, Cao TT, Li Y, Chen Y, Yang HJ, Zhao ZG, Yin SF. Progress on the Biological Activities of Helicid and its Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190802092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicid is a specific Chinese natural drug. Helicid, its congeners, and its derivatives
exhibit pronounced biological activities, among which its hypnotic effects stand out.
The well-documented sedation and analgesic activity and low side effects of helicid have
drawn more and more attention from scientists. Moreover, its clinical success and intriguing
mechanism of action have stimulated great interest in further modification of helicid
for improving its hypnotic activity. The 4-formyl group has been a major target for structural
derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug
disadvantages. Accordingly, numerous helicid derivatives have been prepared via molecular
docking and hemisynthesis. Although neither systematic nor comprehensive, there are
two excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and pharmacological
activity of helicid that have been published in Chinese. In the present review, we attempt to compile and
discuss the key data available in the literature on the multiple biological activities of helicid derivatives. This
compilation of 102 references may be helpful in understanding the diverse biological properties of helicid
while providing insights into its mechanism of action. This may direct future research in the synthesis of new
derivatives and the exploration of other biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xia
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Fan Yin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Revisiting clinical practice in therapeutic drug monitoring of first-generation antiepileptic drugs. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Recent advances in the applications of Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of natural products containing lactone, pyrone, and lactam as a scaffold. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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In silico and in vitro evaluation of brain penetration properties of selected nootropic agents. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Predictive ( in silico) data suggested that nootropic supplements may penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We evaluated, in vitro, the ability of nootropics to enter the brain based on the high throughput screening (HTS) measurement of interactions with the P-gp efflux transporter and physicochemical properties and correlated these data with the in silico predictions. Methods & results: The software predicted that piracetam, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), amantadine and thioflavin-T can best penetrate the BBB. The lipophilicity of these compounds may be predicted by measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC). DHA and verapamil demonstrated high lipophilicity. DHA, verapamil and phosphatidylserine (PS) may be good substrates of the P-gp transporter. Conclusion: Permeability of nootropics may be successfully predicted by high throughput screening-lead optimization assay technologies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. Since 1989, 18 new AEDs have been licensed for clinical use and there are now 27 licensed AEDs in total for the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, several AEDs are also used for the management of other medical conditions, for example, pain and bipolar disorder. This has led to an increasingly widespread application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AEDs, making AEDs among the most common medications for which TDM is performed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the indications for AED TDM, to provide key information for each individual AED in terms of the drug's prescribing indications, key pharmacokinetic characteristics, associated drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions, and the value and the intricacies of TDM for each AED. The concept of the reference range is discussed as well as practical issues such as choice of sample types (total versus free concentrations in blood versus saliva) and sample collection and processing. METHODS The present review is based on published articles and searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, last searched in March 2018, in addition to references from relevant articles. RESULTS In total, 171 relevant references were identified and used to prepare this review. CONCLUSIONS TDM provides a pragmatic approach to epilepsy care, in that bespoke dose adjustments are undertaken based on drug concentrations so as to optimize clinical outcome. For the older first-generation AEDs (carbamazepine, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and valproic acid), much data have accumulated in this regard. However, this is occurring increasingly for the new AEDs (brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, pregabalin, rufinamide, stiripentol, sulthiame, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide).
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20
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Thatikonda T, Deepake SK, Das U. α-Angelica Lactone in a New Role: Facile Access to N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolinones and Isoindolinones via Organocatalytic α-CH2 Oxygenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:2532-2535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanusha Thatikonda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Siddharth K. Deepake
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Giri TK, Ghosh B, Bose P, Saha S, Sarkar A. Extraction of levetiracetam for therapeutic drug monitoring by transdermal reverse iontophoresis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:54-60. [PMID: 30468869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, transdermal reverse iontophoresis across the skin has been investigated as a novel technology for the purpose of diagnosis as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate ex vivo and in vivo transdermal extraction of levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug, across the pig ear skin by reverse iontophoresis. Reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed using three chambered diffusion cells. Extractions profiles were generated in phosphate buffers at different current intensities, pH and ionic strength as well donor drug concentrations. This was followed by ex vivo extraction in gels and in vivo extractions using New Zealand rabbits. Results indicate that levetiracetam was extracted at both anode and cathode. Flux values were unaffected by increase in current intensities (0.5 mA and 0.6 mA) but affected by pH and ionic strength. Neither in cathodal nor in anodal extraction, flux values did show a proportional relationship with the donor drug concentration. At low and medium concentration levels, flux values did not show any major change but the extraction flux at high donor concentration was much higher. In contrast, in vivo experiment with rabbits resulted in wide variation of fluxes with very high fluxes recorded at the cathodal end. Reasons attributed to this difference may include lower current intensity, and species variation. The most significant finding of this study is that measurable amounts of the levetiracetam were extracted at both the ends indicating its feasibility for non-invasive drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Preeta Bose
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Saha
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Sarkar
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
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22
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Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. Formic acid as a hydrogen source for the iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of levulinic acid and 2-formylbenzoic acid. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust iridium catalyst performs the reductive amination of the renewable levulinic acid and of 2-formylbenzoic acid in water under mild conditions. This catalyst tolerates very bulky reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
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23
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Rivera-Pérez WA, Yépes-Pérez AF, Martínez-Pabón MC. Molecular docking and in silico studies of the physicochemical properties of potential inhibitors for the phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:164-175. [PMID: 30500666 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study identified potential inhibitory compounds of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar. Phosphotransferase system of S. mutans, specifically enzyme II mannose transporter (EIIMan) in its subunits IIA, IIB and IIC by means of a selection protocol and in silico molecular analysis. Intervening the phosphotransferase system would compromise the physiological behavior and the pathogenic expression of S. mutans, and possibly other acidogenic bacteria that use phosphotransferases in their metabolism-making the phosphotransferase system a therapeutic target for the selective control of acidogenic microorganisms in caries control. Several computational techniques were used to evaluate molecular, physicochemical, and toxicological aspects of various compounds. Molecular docking was used to calculate the binding potential (ΔG) between receptor protein subunits and more than 836,000 different chemical compounds from the ZINC database. Physicochemical parameters related to the compounds' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicators were evaluated, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and chemical analysis characterized the compounds structures. Thirteen compounds with EII binding potential of the phosphotransferase system of S. mutans and favorable ADMET properties were identified. Six spirooxindoles and three pyrrolidones stand out from the found compounds; unique structural characteristics of spirooxindoles and pyrrolidones associated with various reported biological activities like anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, nootropic, neuroprotective and antiepileptic effects, among other pharmacological effects with surprising differences in terms of mechanisms of action. Following studies will provide more evidence of the action of these compounds on the phosphotransferase system of S. mutans, and its possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wbeimar Andrey Rivera-Pérez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia- UdeA, 64 Street No. 52-59, Block 31, Oral Microbiology Laboratory No. 216, Health Area, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Felipe Yépes-Pérez
- Exact and Natural Sciences School, University of Antioquia-UdeA, Universidad de Antioquia. 67 street No. 53-108, Block 2, Chemistry of Colombian, Plants Laboratory, Office 330, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Maria Cecilia Martínez-Pabón
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia- UdeA, 64 Street No. 52-59, Block 31, Oral Microbiology Laboratory No. 216, Health Area, Medellin, Colombia.
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24
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Al-Khelaifi F, Diboun I, Donati F, Botrè F, Alsayrafi M, Georgakopoulos C, Yousri NA, Suhre K, Elrayess MA. Metabolomics profiling of xenobiotics in elite athletes: relevance to supplement consumption. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:48. [PMID: 30261929 PMCID: PMC6161339 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Supplements are widely used among elite athletes to maintain health and improve performance. Despite multiple studies investigating use of dietary supplements by athletes, a comprehensive profiling of serum supplement metabolites in elite athletes is still lacking. This study aims to analyze the presence of various xenobiotics in serum samples from elite athletes of different sports, focusing on metabolites that potentially originate from nutritional supplements. Methods Profiling of xenobiotics in serum samples from 478 elite athletes from different sports (football, athletics, cycling, rugby, swimming, boxing and rowing) was performed using non-targeted metabolomics-based mass spectroscopy combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate analysis was performed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Differences in metabolic levels among different sport groups were identified by univariate linear models. Results Out of the 102 detected xenobiotics, 21 were significantly different among sport groups including metabolites that potentially prolong exercise tolerance (caffeic acid), carry a nootropic effect (2-pyrrolidinone), exert a potent anti-oxidant effect (eugenol, ferulic acid 4 sulfate, thioproline, retinol), or originate from drugs for different types of injuries (ectoine, quinate). Using Gaussian graphical modelling, a metabolic network that links various sport group-associated xenobiotics was constructed to further understand their metabolic pathways. Conclusions This pilot data provides evidence that athletes from different sports exhibit a distinct xenobiotic profile that may reflect their drug/supplement use, diet and exposure to various chemicals. Because of limitation in the study design, replication studies are warranted to confirm results in independent data sets, aiming ultimately for better assessment of dietary supplement use by athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al-Khelaifi
- Anti Doping Laboratory Qatar, ADLQ, Sports City, P.O Box 27775, Doha, Qatar.,UCL-Medical School, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF, London, UK
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
| | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammed Alsayrafi
- Anti Doping Laboratory Qatar, ADLQ, Sports City, P.O Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Anti Doping Laboratory Qatar, ADLQ, Sports City, P.O Box 27775, Doha, Qatar. .,UCL-Medical School, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF, London, UK.
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25
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Ma J, Lin J, Zhao L, Harms K, Marsch M, Xie X, Meggers E. Synthesis of β-Substituted γ-Aminobutyric Acid Derivatives through Enantioselective Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11193-11197. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Marsch
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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26
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Ma J, Lin J, Zhao L, Harms K, Marsch M, Xie X, Meggers E. Synthesis of β-Substituted γ-Aminobutyric Acid Derivatives through Enantioselective Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Marsch
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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27
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Marino S, Vitaliti G, Marino SD, Pavone P, Provvidenti S, Romano C, Falsaperla R. Pyridoxine Add-On Treatment for the Control of Behavioral Adverse Effects Induced by Levetiracetam in Children: A Case-Control Prospective Study. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52:645-649. [PMID: 29442544 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018759637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies on adult and pediatric patients have shown pyridoxine efficacy as additional therapy for those receiving levetiracetam (LEV) to prevent and mitigate behavioral adverse effects (BAEs). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of pyridoxine supplementation in the prevention of LEV adverse effects, including suicidal ideation. METHODS This randomized, case-control trial included patients receiving LEV as monotherapy treatment. Patients were subdivided into 2 groups, according to whether they were treated with LEV only (group 1) or LEV with supplemental pyridoxine (group 2). RESULTS In both cohorts, the most frequent BAEs were irritability/aggression followed by depression and confusion. Those patients (92%) who initiated pyridoxine after 1 month of LEV treatment did not need to change or suspend LEV ( P < 0.001), and BAE improved after 9.06 ± 3.05 days of pyridoxine supplementation. None of the patients complained of symptoms of pyridoxine toxicity, and no new adverse effects of LEV off-label were reported. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found pyridoxine to be safe and effective in controlling LEV-induced BAEs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- 1 University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Piero Pavone
- 1 University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Catia Romano
- 1 University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
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28
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Samper Barceló V, Bienz S. Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Pyrrolin-2-ones from N,N-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2734-2743. [PMID: 29402083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized 5-membered N-heterocyclic compounds, 4-aryl-3-chloro-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones, have been synthesized in moderate to high yields by the reaction of N,N-dimethylated aromatic α-amino acids with oxalyl chloride, followed by solvolysis with MeOH. The products possess a number of functional groups such as an amide, a mixed amido/alkoxy acetal, a vinyl halide, and an alkene and thus are promising candidates to be used as starting materials for the synthesis of diverse five-membered N-heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Samper Barceló
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bienz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Caruano J, Muccioli GG, Robiette R. Biologically active γ-lactams: synthesis and natural sources. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10134-10156. [PMID: 27748489 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The γ-lactam moiety is present in a large number of natural and non-natural biologically active compounds. The range of biological activities covered by these compounds is very broad. Functionalized γ-lactams are thus of high interest and have great potential in medicinal chemistry. This review provides a description of the title compounds by focusing on their synthesis, natural sources and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caruano
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. and Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 73 box B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 73 box B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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30
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Metzker G, Dias RMP, Burtoloso ACB. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Amination from Levulinic and Formic Acid Aqueous Solutions: An Approach for the Selective Production of Pyrrolidones in Biorefinery Facilities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Metzker
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rafael M. P. Dias
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Antonio C. B. Burtoloso
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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31
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Matviitsuk A, Greenhalgh MD, Antúnez DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Aryloxide-Facilitated Catalyst Turnover in Enantioselective α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Ammonium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12282-12287. [PMID: 28791763 PMCID: PMC5638104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new general concept for α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis is reported that uses p-nitrophenoxide release from an α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl ester substrate to facilitate catalyst turnover. This method was used for the enantioselective isothiourea-catalyzed Michael addition of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl esters in generally good yield and with excellent enantioselectivity (27 examples, up to 79 % yield, 99:1 er). Mechanistic studies identified rapid and reversible catalyst acylation by the α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl ester, and a recently reported variable-time normalization kinetic analysis method was used to delineate the complex reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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32
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Matviitsuk A, Greenhalgh MD, Antúnez DJB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Aryloxide-Facilitated Catalyst Turnover in Enantioselective α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Ammonium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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33
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Griffiths RJ, Burley GA, Talbot EPA. Transition-Metal-Free Amine Oxidation: A Chemoselective Strategy for the Late-Stage Formation of Lactams. Org Lett 2017; 19:870-873. [PMID: 28177642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free strategy for the formation of lactams via selective oxidation of cyclic secondary and tertiary amines is described. Molecular iodine facilitates both chemoselective and regioselective oxidation of C-H bonds directly adjacent to a cyclic amine. The mild conditions, functional group tolerance, and substrate scope are demonstrated using a suite of diverse small molecule cyclic amines, including clinically approved drug scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffiths
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eric P A Talbot
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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Harmsen B, Robeyns K, Wouters J, Leyssens T. A Study of Fasoracetam's Solid State Forms: A Potential Anti-Alzheimer Pharmaceutical. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1317-1321. [PMID: 28109793 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Different solid state forms of the research chemical fasoracetam, which counters the effects of Alzheimer's disease, have been subjected to a thermal and structural analysis. Single crystals were obtained from solution evaporation and from the melt. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of the crystals show the existence of 2 hydrated and 1 non-hydrated crystalline form of fasoracetam. Under ambient conditions, the hydrate form I is found to be the most stable form, showing a melting point of 57C. This low melting point, combined with possible water losses could cause problems when formulating the hydrated form and impact the storage conditions of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Harmsen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Namur Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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35
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Lenzen C, Winterfeld GA, Schmitz OJ. Comparison of piracetam measured with HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, DIP-APCI-MS, and a newly developed and optimized DIP-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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El-Ablak FZ, Abu-Elenein NS, Sofan MA. Synthesis of New Pyrrolo Heterocycles (I): Novel Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole, Isoindoline, Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and Pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Z. El-Ablak
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Damietta University; New Damietta 34517 Egypt
| | - N. S. Abu-Elenein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Damietta University; New Damietta 34517 Egypt
| | - M. A. Sofan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Damietta University; New Damietta 34517 Egypt
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Petruševska M, Berglez S, Krisch I, Legen I, Megušar K, Peternel L, Abrahamsson B, Cristofoletti R, Groot D, Kopp S, Langguth P, Mehta M, Polli JE, Shah VP, Dressman J. Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Levetiracetam. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2676-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Omer HA, Kutb MA. Chronic histopathological effects of levetiracetam on some internal organs of adult albino rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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39
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Sendrowski K, Sobaniec W, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Sobaniec P, Popko J. Study of the protective effects of nootropic agents against neuronal damage induced by amyloid-beta (fragment 25–35) in cultured hippocampal neurons. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Franco MSF, Casagrande GA, Raminelli C, Moura S, Rossatto M, Quina FH, Pereira CMP, Flores AFC, Pizzuti L. Ultrasound-Promoted Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of 5-(3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-oxopropylidene)pyrrolidin-2-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.978504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S. F. Franco
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Síntese e Caracterização Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Gleison A. Casagrande
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Síntese e Caracterização Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Frank H. Quina
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio M. P. Pereira
- Instituto de Química e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Pizzuti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Síntese e Caracterização Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam, a second-generation anti-epileptic drug (AED) with a good efficacy and safety profile, is licensed as monotherapy for adults and children older than 16 years with focal seizures with or without secondary generalization. However, it is increasingly being used off-label in younger children. OBJECTIVES We critically reviewed the available evidence and discuss the present status of levetiracetam monotherapy in children 0-16 years old. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched the literature using PubMed, Web of Science and Embase up to August 2014 for articles on levetiracetam monotherapy in children. Keywords were levetiracetam, monotherapy and child*. The titles and abstracts of 532 articles were evaluated by AW, of which 480 were excluded. The full texts of the other 52 articles were assessed for relevance. RESULTS We covered one review, one opinion statement and 32 studies in this review, including four randomized controlled trials, ten open-label prospective studies, eight retrospective studies, and ten case reports. The formal evidence for levetiracetam monotherapy in children is minimal: it is potentially efficacious or effective as initial monotherapy in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. In all of the published studies, however, efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam seemed to be good and comparable to other AEDs. CONCLUSION The data of 32 studies on levetiracetam monotherapy in children were insufficient to confirm that levetiracetam is effective as initial monotherapy for different types of seizures and/or epilepsy syndromes. There is still an urgent need for well designed trials to justify the widespread use of levetiracetam monotherapy in children of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerins Weijenberg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, AB 51, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oebele F. Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, AB 51, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M. C. Callenbach
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, AB 51, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Development of new method for simultaneous analysis of piracetam and levetiracetam in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids: application in stability studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:758283. [PMID: 25114921 PMCID: PMC4121148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/758283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RP-HPLC ultraviolet detection simultaneous quantification of piracetam and levetiracetam has been developed and validated. The chromatography was obtained on a Nucleosil C18 column of 25 cm×0.46 cm, 10 μm, dimension. The mobile phase was a (70:30 v/v) mixture of 0.1 g/L of triethylamine and acetonitrile. Smooth flow of mobile phase at 1 mL/min was set and 205 nm wavelength was selected. Results were evaluated through statistical parameters which qualify the method reproducibility and selectivity for the quantification of piracetam, levetiracetam, and their impurities hence proving stability-indicating properties. The proposed method is significantly important, permitting the separation of the main constituent piracetam from levetiracetam. Linear behavior was observed between 20 ng/mL and 10,000 ng/mL for both drugs. The proposed method was checked in bulk drugs, dosage formulations, physiological condition, and clinical investigations and excellent outcome was witnessed.
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Xia L, Idhayadhulla A, Lee YR, Kim SH, Wee YJ. Microwave-assisted synthesis of diverse pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones and their antibacterial activities. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:333-41. [PMID: 24749663 DOI: 10.1021/co500002s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing a general and practical method for library production, a novel and efficient two-phase microwave-assisted cascade reaction between isatins and β-ketoamides in [Bmim]BF4/toluene was developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones. The features of this methodology are, the use of microwave-assisted rapid synthesis, mild reaction conditions, high yields, operational simplicity, facile product separation, and recyclability. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-dione derivatives produced were evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). These derivatives showed antibacterial activities against Gram-positive strains that were at least equivalent to that against Gram-negative strains. Compound 7{3,5} displayed the most potent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL) and greater activity than standard ampicillin (MIC = 1 μg/mL). Compound 7{4,7} exhibited the best inhibitory activity against E. coli and E. aerogenes (MIC = 1 and 0.5 μg/mL), compared with the standard ampicillin (both MICs = 1 μg/mL). The synthesized pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones are expected to be widely used as lead compounds for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Xia
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Akber Idhayadhulla
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis
Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Wee
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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44
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Li X, Lai K, Wu K, Huang D, Huang L. Studies on the synthesis and biological evaluation of the metabolite of clausenamide CM2 and its stereoisomers. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:736-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Akbarzadeh R, Amanpour T, Khavasi HR, Bazgir A. Atom-economical isocyanide-based multicomponent synthesis of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidines, spirobenzothiazinechromans and 1,5-benzothiazepines. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Sangnoi Y, Plubrukarn A, Arunpairojana V, Kanjana-Opas A. A new antibacterial amino phenyl pyrrolidone derivative from a novel marine gliding bacterium Rapidithrix thailandica. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1135-9. [PMID: 24162950 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A recently described marine gliding bacterium Rapidithrix thailandica strain TISTR 1741 was isolated from biofilm specimen collected from the Andaman Sea in Thailand. Four liters fermentation broth of R. thailandica TISTR 1741 cultivated in VY/2 medium were extracted with methanol to yield a novel amino phenyl pyrrolidone derivative compound (1) with antibacterial activities. The chemical structure and physico-chemical properties of 1 were investigated by spectrometry techniques. Compound 1 exhibited selective inhibition against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) with the MIC of 5.97 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutthapong Sangnoi
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand,
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47
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A simple assay for determination of levetiracetam in rat dried blood spots by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1843-51. [PMID: 23905858 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of levetiracetam (LEV, Keppra®), a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) in rat dried blood spots (DBS). LEV was simply extracted with methanol spiked with adenosine (ADE) as IS before LC-MS/MS analysis. The correlation between the DBS and plasma concentrations of LEV was also determined. RESULTS Linearity was from 0.067-60 µg/ml for LEV in DBS samples. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay met validation acceptance criteria. The developed assay was applied to monitor levetiracetam DBS levels in Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous administration. DBS concentrations were well correlated to the plasma concentrations (R² = 0.9399), as fraction of LEV bound to blood cells remains very constant (0.466 ± 0.041) over a wide concentration range. CONCLUSION The study illustrated that DBS could be used as alternative matrix for monitoring LEV in preclinical studies.
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48
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Howard JK, Hyland CJT, Just J, Smith JA. Controlled Oxidation of Pyrroles: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2013; 15:1714-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400491p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James K. Howard
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J. T. Hyland
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Just
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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49
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Alonso C, González M, Fuertes M, Rubiales G, Ezpeleta JM, Palacios F. Synthesis of Fluorinated β-Aminophosphonates and γ-Lactams. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3858-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400281e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Marı́a González
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Marı́a Fuertes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Gloria Rubiales
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jose Marı́a Ezpeleta
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica I and Centro
de Investigacion Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center) and ‡Departamento de Fı́sica
Aplicada, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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50
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Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Arumugam N, Osman H, Suresh J. 2-Hy-droxy-5-[(E)-2-methyl-benzyl-idene]-8-(2-methyl-phen-yl)-9-phenyl-3,10-diaza-hexa-cyclo-[10.7.1.1(3,7).0(2,11).0(7,11).0(16,20)]henicosa-1(20),12,14,16,18-pentaen-6-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o3375. [PMID: 23476207 PMCID: PMC3588971 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681204648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C40H34N2O2, the central piperidine ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the fused pyrrolidine rings adopt twisted envelope (with the C atom bearing the methylphenyl ring as the flap atom) and envelope (with the C atom bound to the N atom, common to the pyridinone and pyrrolidine rings being the flap atom) conformations. The mol-ecular structure features weak intra-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate a C(7) chain along the b-axis direction. C-H⋯O inter-actions also occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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