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Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Newly Synthesized 4-[4-(benzylamino)butoxy]-9 H-carbazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13722. [PMID: 37762024 PMCID: PMC10530720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges of medicinal chemistry is the search for new substances with antimicrobial potential that could be used in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized compounds is still being investigated. Carbazole-containing compounds appear to be promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential and toxicity of newly synthesized isomeric fluorinated 4-[4-(benzylamino)butoxy]-9H-carbazole derivatives. Their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was tested according to CLSI guidelines. Similarly to previously studied carbazole-containing compounds, the tested derivatives showed the ability to effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The addition of carbazole derivatives 2, 4, and 8 at the concentration of 16 µg/mL caused the inhibition of S. aureus growth by over 60%. The MIC value of compounds 2-5 and 7-10 was 32 µg/mL for Staphylococcus strains. Gram-negative strains of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were found to be more resistant to the tested carbazole derivatives. E. coli cells treated with compounds 3 and 8 at a concentration of 64 µg/mL resulted in a greater-than-40% reduction in bacterial growth. In the case of the P. aeruginosa strain, all compounds in the highest concentration that we tested limited growth by 35-42%. Moreover, an over-60% inhibition of fungal growth was observed in the cultures of C. albicans and A. flavus incubated with 64 µg/mL of compounds 2 or 7 and 1 or 4, respectively. The hemolysis of red blood cells after their incubation with the tested carbazole derivatives was in the range of 2-13%. In the case of human fibroblast cells, the toxicity of the tested compounds was higher. Derivative 1, functionalized with fluorine in position 2 and its hydrobromide, was the least toxic. The obtained results indicated the antimicrobial potential of the tested 4-[4-(benzylamino)butoxy]-9H-carbazole derivatives, especially against S. aureus strains; therefore, it is worth further modifying these structures, in order to enhance their activity against pathogenic microorganisms.
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2
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Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Protected 2-Amino-, 2,3-Diamino- and 2-Amino-3-Hydroxypropylphosphonates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031466. [PMID: 36771131 PMCID: PMC9921368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient strategies for the syntheses of enantiomerically enriched functionalized diethyl 2-amino-, 2,3-diamino- and 2-amino-3-hydroxypropylphosphonates have been developed starting from, respectively, N-protected (aziridin-2-yl)methylphosphonates, employing a regioselective aziridine ring-opening reaction with corresponding nucleophiles. Diethyl (R)- and (S)-2-(N-Boc-amino)propylphosphonates were obtained via direct regiospecific hydrogenolysis of the respective enantiomer of (R)- and (S)-N-Boc-(aziridin-2-yl)methylphosphonates. N-Boc-protected (R)- and (S)-2,3-diaminopropylphosphonates were synthesized from (R)- and (S)-N-Bn-(aziridin-2-yl)methylphosphonates via a regiospecific ring-opening reaction with neat trimethylsilyl azide and subsequent reduction of (R)- and (S)-2-(N-Boc-amino)-3-azidopropylphosphonates using triphenylphosphine. On the other hand, treatment of the corresponding (R)- and (S)-N-Bn-(aziridin-2-yl)methylphosphonates with glacial acetic acid led regiospecifically to the formation of (R)- and (S)-2-(N-Bn-amino)-3-acetoxypropylphosphonates.
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3
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Design and synthesis of a new series of hybrids of functionalised N 1-[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]quinazoline-2,4-dione with antiviral activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105518. [PMID: 36587900 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 48 hybrids of the functionalised 1-[(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)methyl]quinazoline-2,4-dione 17-22 were synthesised and evaluated for potential antiviral activity. The new hybrids were designed to contain a diethoxyphosphoryl group connected to the triazole moiety via ethylene or propylene linker, and in which the benzyl or benzoyl function is substituted at N3 in the quinazoline-2,4-dione moiety. The Cu(I)-catalyzed Hüisgen dipolar cycloaddition of azidophosphonates 23 and 24 with the respective N1-propargylquinazoline-2,4-diones 26aa-26ag, 26ba-26bg, 27aa-27ad and 27ba-27bd was applied for the syntheses of the designed compounds. All final hybrids 17-22 and N3-functionalised N1-propargylquinazoline-2,4-diones 26 and 27 were subsequently evaluated for their antiviral activity toward a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. Importantly, hybrids 19be-19bg and 20be-20bg showed profound antiviral activities against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) with EC50 values in the lower micromolar range, with activity against viral strains of both subtypes (RSV A and B). In addition, several compounds also exerted some weak antiviral activity against varicella zoster virus. Finally, 19 ag was the only compound that showed antiviral potency against human cytomegalovirus, although with rather weak inhibitory activity. Notably, none of the tested compounds was cytotoxic toward uninfected cell lines used for the antiviral assays at a concentration up to 100 μM, returning interesting therapeutic indices for respiratory syncytial virus.
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4
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Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Nitrones. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010036. [PMID: 36670898 PMCID: PMC9854728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and antioxidant capacity of twelve novel 1,2,3-triazole-containing nitrones such as N-(2-(4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethylidene)methanamine oxides 8a-f and N-(2-(4-aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethylidene)-2-methylpropan-2-amine oxides 9a-f, bearing an N-methyl, and an N-t-butyl substituent, respectively, at the nitrogen of the nitrone motif. Nitrones 8 and 9 were studied with regard to their antioxidant ability, as well as their ability to inhibit soybean lypoxygenase (LOX), and their in vitro antioxidant activity. For this, we used three different antioxidant assays, such as that featuring the interaction with the water-soluble azo compound AAPH for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP), the competition with the DMSO for scavenging hydroxyl radicals, and the ABTS•+-decolorization assay. t-Butyl nitrone 9e, bearing the 2,4-difluorophenyl motif, showed a strong LP inhibitory effect (100%), close to the reference compound Trolox (93%), being the most potent LP inhibitor (LPi) of the whole series of tested nitrones. Nitrones 9d, 9e and 9f, bearing the 4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl motif, respectively, were almost equipotent, and the most potent hydroxyl radical scavengers (~100%), more potent than Trolox (88%), were used as a reference compound. Regarding the LOX inhibition, the most potent inhibitor was the t-butyl substituted nitrone 9f (27 μM), bearing the 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl motif, being 60-fold less potent than NDGA (0.45 μM), which was used as the standard in this test. The results from the antioxidant determination in the ABTS radical cation (ABTS•+) decolorization assay were not significant. N-Methyl nitrone 8f, bearing the 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl motif, was the only promising representative, with a value of 34.3%, followed by nitrone 9f (16%). From the antioxidant analyses, we have identified N-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethylidene)-2-methylpropan-2-amine oxide (9f), bearing t-butyl and 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl motifs in its structure, as the most balanced and potent antioxidant agent among the tested nitrones, as it was the most potent LOX inhibitor (27 μM), an extremely efficient and potent hydroxyl radical scavenger (99.9%), as well as one of the most potent LPi (87%) and ABTS•+ scavengers (16%).
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5
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Design, Synthesis, Anti-Varicella-Zoster and Antimicrobial Activity of (Isoxazolidin-3-yl)Phosphonate Conjugates of N1-Functionalised Quinazoline-2,4-Diones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196526. [PMID: 36235061 PMCID: PMC9571433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipolar cycloaddition of the N-substituted C-(diethoxyphosphonyl)nitrones with N3-allyl-N1-benzylquinazoline-2,4-diones produced mixtures of diastereoisomeric 3-(diethoxyphosphonyl)isoxazolidines with a N1-benzylquinazoline-2,4-dione unit at C5. The obtained compounds were assessed for antiviral and antibacterial activities. Several compounds showed moderate inhibitory activities against VZV with EC50 values in the range of 12.63-58.48 µM. A mixture of isoxazolidines cis-20c/trans-20c (6:94) was found to be the most active against B. cereus PCM 1948, showing an MIC value 0.625 mg/mL, and also was not mutagenic up to this concentration.
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Synthesis of Four Enantiomers of (1-Amino-3-Hydroxypropane-1,3-Diyl)Diphosphonic Acid as Diphosphonate Analogues of 4-Hydroxyglutamic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:2699. [PMID: 35566049 PMCID: PMC9105571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All the enantiomers of (1-amino-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)diphosphonic acid, newly design phosphonate analogues of 4-hydroxyglutamic acids, were obtained. The synthetic strategy involved Abramov reactions of diethyl (R)- and (S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-oxopropylphosphonates with diethyl phosphite, separation of diastereoisomeric [1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl]diphosphonates as O-protected esters, followed by their hydrolysis to the enantiomeric phosphonic acids. The absolute configuration of the enantiomeric phosphonates was established by comparing the 31P NMR chemical shifts of respective (S)-O-methylmandelic acid esters obtained from respective pairs of syn- and anti-[1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl]diphosphonates according to the Spilling rule.
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7
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential and Toxicity of a Newly Synthesised 4-(4-(Benzylamino)butoxy)-9 H-carbazole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312796. [PMID: 34884610 PMCID: PMC8657542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest threats to human and animal health is posed by infections caused by drug-resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, newly synthesised substances are tested for their antimicrobial activity. Carbazole derivatives seem to be promising antibacterial agents. This study aimed at investigating the toxicity and activity of newly synthesised, functionalised carbazole derivative 2 (4-(4-(benzylamino)butoxy)-9H-carbazole) against various microorganisms. Its antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi was examined according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) standards. The tested compound was found to efficiently inhibit the growth of Gram-positive strains. The addition of carbazole derivative 2 at the concentration of 30 µg/mL caused inhibition of bacterial growth by over 95%. Moreover, about 50 and 45% limitation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus growth was observed in the samples incubated with the addition of 20 and 60 µg/mL of the compound, respectively. Its addition to the microbial cultures caused an increase in the permeability of the cellular membrane. Slight haemolysis of red blood cells was observed after 24-h treatment with carbazole derivative 2. On the other hand, human fibroblasts were found to be more sensitive to its effects. The activity of the tested compound indicates a possibility of its further modification in order to obtain effective drugs, especially against drug-resistant staphylococci.
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8
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Novel N-Substituted 3-Aryl-4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)azetidin-2-ones as Antibiotic Enhancers and Antiviral Agents in Search for a Successful Treatment of Complex Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158032. [PMID: 34360797 PMCID: PMC8348901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of N-substituted cis- and trans-3-aryl-4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)azetidin-2-ones were synthesized by the Kinugasa reaction of N-methyl- or N-benzyl-(diethyoxyphosphoryl)nitrone and selected aryl alkynes. Stereochemistry of diastereoisomeric adducts was established based on vicinal H3–H4 coupling constants in azetidin-2-one ring. All the obtained azetidin-2-ones were evaluated for the antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. Azetidin-2-one trans-11f showed moderate inhibitory activity against human coronavirus (229E) with EC50 = 45 µM. The other isomer cis-11f was active against influenza A virus H1N1 subtype (EC50 = 12 µM by visual CPE score; EC50 = 8.3 µM by TMS score; MCC > 100 µM, CC50 = 39.9 µM). Several azetidin-2-ones 10 and 11 were tested for their cytostatic activity toward nine cancerous cell lines and several of them appeared slightly active for Capan-1, Hap1 and HCT-116 cells values of IC50 in the range 14.5–97.9 µM. Compound trans-11f was identified as adjuvant of oxacillin with significant ability to enhance the efficacy of this antibiotic toward the highly resistant S. aureus strain HEMSA 5. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that enantiomer (3R,4S)-11f can be responsible for the promising activity due to the potency in displacing oxacillin at β-lactamase, thus protecting the antibiotic from undesirable biotransformation.
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9
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Synthesis of Functionalized Diethyl(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate and Diethyl(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113160. [PMID: 34070623 PMCID: PMC8197975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short and efficient syntheses of functionalized (pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate and (5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate have been developed. The synthetic strategy involved the diastereospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-benzyl-C-(diethoxyphosphoryl)nitrone to cis-1,4-dihydroxybut-2-ene and dimethyl maleate, respectively. O,O-Diethyl 3-carbamoyl-4-hydroxy(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate was obtained from O,O-diethyl 2-benzyl-4,5-dimethoxycarbonyl(isoxazolidin-3-yl)phosphonate by hydrogenation and subsequent treatment with ammonia, whereas transformation of O,O-diethyl 2-benzyl-4,5-dihydroxymethyl(isoxazolidin-3-yl)phosphonate into O,O-diethyl 3-aminomethyl-4-hydroxy(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate was accomplished by mesylation followed by hydrogenolysis to undergo intramolecular cyclization and the introduction of amino group via ammonolysis. Stereochemistry of the isoxazolidine cycloadducts, as well as the final functionalized (pyrrolidin-2-yl)- and (5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonates were established based on conformational analyses using vicinal H-H, H-P, and C-P couplings and supported by the observed diagnostic NOESY correlation signals.
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10
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2-(3-Hydroxy-5-phosphonooxymethyl-2-methyl-4-pyridyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic Acid, Novel Metabolite of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate and Cysteine Is Present in Human Plasma-Chromatographic Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103548. [PMID: 32443403 PMCID: PMC7278924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that aminothiols, to which cysteine (Cys) belongs, are highly reactive towards aldehydes in an aqueous environment, forming substituted thiazolidine carboxylic acids. This report provides evidence that formation of the product containing a thiazolidine ring through non-enzymatic condensation of Cys and an active form of vitamin B6 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) occurs in vivo in humans. To prove this point, a new method, based on a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), has been designed to identify and quantify Cys and PLP adduct, 2-(3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxymethyl-2-methyl-4-pyridyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (HPPTCA) in human plasma. The GC-MS assay relies on sample deproteinization by ultrafiltration over cut-off membranes and preconcentration by drying under vacuum, followed by treatment of the residue with derivatization mixture containing anhydrous pyridine, N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The method quantifies HPPTCA in a linear range from 1 to 20 µmol L-1, where the lowest standard on the calibration curve refers to the limit of quantification (LOQ). The validity of the method was demonstrated. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to plasma samples donated by apparently healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients. The GC-MS assay provides a new tool that will hopefully facilitate studies on the role of HPPTCA in living systems.
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Novel Isoxazolidine and γ-Lactam Analogues of Homonucleosides. Molecules 2019; 24:E4014. [PMID: 31698778 PMCID: PMC6891762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homonucleoside analogues cis-16 and trans-17 having a (5-methoxycarbonyl)isoxazolidine framework were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nucleobase-derived nitrones with methyl acrylate. Hydrogenolysis of the isoxazolidines containing thymine, dihydrouracil, theophylline and adenine moieties efficiently led to the formation of the respective γ-lactam analogues. γ-Lactam analogues having 5-bromouracil and 5-chlorouracil fragments were synthesized by treatment of uracil-containing γ-lactams with NBS and NCS. Isoxazolidine and γ-lactam analogues of homonucleosides obtained herein were evaluated for activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds that were tested exhibited antiviral or cytotoxic activity at concentrations up to 100 µM. The cytostatic activities of all compounds toward nine cancerous cell lines was tested. γ-Lactams trans-15e (Cl-Ura) and cis-15h (Theo) appeared the most active toward pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (Capan-1), showing IC50 values 21.5 and 18.2 µM, respectively. Isoxazolidine cis-15e (Cl-Ura) inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116).
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12
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Design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogs with triazolo[4,5- b]pyridine, imidazo[4,5- b]pyridine and imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2(3 H)-one systems. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:542-591. [PMID: 31550993 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1669046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new series of phosphonylated triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (1-deaza-8-azapurine), imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (1-deazapurine) and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one (1-deazapurin-8-one) were synthesized from 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine and selected diethyl ɷ-aminoalkylphosphonates followed by reduction of the nitro group and cyclization. In the final step O,O-diethylphosphonates were transformed into the corresponding phosphonic acids. All synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and their cytotoxic potencies were also established. Compound 12f showed marginal activity against cytomegalovirus Davis strain (EC50 = 76.47 μM) in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells while compounds 10g (EC50 = 52.53 μM) and 12l (EC50 = 61.70 μM) were minimally active against the varicella-zoster virus Oka strain in HEL cells. Compounds under investigation were not cytotoxic at the maximum concentration evaluated (100 µM).
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13
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N-(1-Phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylate esters in the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1722-1757. [PMID: 31435446 PMCID: PMC6664392 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Garner’s aldehyde has several drawbacks, first of all is prone to racemization, alternative three-carbon chirons would be of great value in enantioselective syntheses of natural compounds and/or drugs. This review article summarizes applications of N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates, -carbaldehydes and -methanols in syntheses of approved drugs and potential medications as well as of natural products mostly alkaloids but also sphingoids and ceramides and their 1- and 3-deoxy analogues and several hydroxy amino acids and their precursors. Designed strategies provided new procedures to several drugs and alternative approaches to natural products and proved efficiency of a 2-substituted N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine framework as chiron bearing a chiral auxiliary.
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14
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Synthesis and Neuroprotective Properties of N-Substituted C-Dialkoxyphosphorylated Nitrones. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8581-8587. [PMID: 31459948 PMCID: PMC6648307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and neuroprotective power of some N-substituted C-(dialkoxy)phosphorylated nitrones 4a-g, by studying their ability to increase the cell viability, as well as their capacity to reduce necrosis and apoptosis. We have identified (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)methanimine oxide (4e) as the most potent, nontoxic, and neuroprotective agent, with a high activity against neuronal necrotic cell death, a result that correlates very well with its great capacity for the inhibition of the superoxide production (72%), as well as with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (62%), and the 5-lipoxygenase activity (45%) at 100 μM concentrations. Thus, nitrone 4e could be a convenient promising compound for further investigation.
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15
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Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates containing the amide bond: hydroxy derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019; 150:733-745. [PMID: 32214483 PMCID: PMC7087949 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract To study the influence of a linker rigidity and changes in donor-acceptor properties, three series of nucleotide analogs containing a P-X-HN-C(O)- residue (X=CH(OH)CH2, CH(OH)CH2CH2, CH2CH(OH)CH2) as a replacement for the P-CH2-O-CHR- fragment in acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, e.g., adefovir, cidofovir, were synthesized. EDC proved to provide good yields of the analogs from the respective ω-amino-1- or -2-hydroxyalkylphosphonates and nucleobase-derived acetic acids. New phosphorus-nucleobase linkers are characterized by two fragments of the restricted rotation within amide bonds and in four-atom units (P-CH(OH)-CH2-N, P-CH(OH)-CH2-C and P-CH2-CH(OH)-C) in which antiperiplanar disposition of P and N/C atoms was deduced from 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. The synthesized analogs P-X-HNC(O)-CH2B [X=CH(OH)CH2, CH(OH)CH2CH2, CH2CH(OH)CH2] appeared inactive in antiviral assays on a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses at concentrations up to 100 μM, while two phosphonates showed cytostatic activity towards myeloid leukemia (K-562) and multiple myeloma cells (MM.1S) with IC50 of 28.8 and 40.7 μM, respectively. Graphical abstract
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16
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Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 1,2,3-triazole-conjugates of quinazolin-4-ones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800302. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of nonracemic hydroxyglutamic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:236-255. [PMID: 30745997 PMCID: PMC6350885 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamic acid is involved in several cellular processes though its role as the neurotransmitter is best recognized. For detailed studies of interactions with receptors a number of structural analogues of glutamic acid are required to map their active sides. This review article summarizes syntheses of nonracemic hydroxyglutamic acid analogues equipped with functional groups capable for the formation of additional hydrogen bonds, both as donors and acceptors. The majority of synthetic strategies starts from natural products and relies on application of chirons having the required configuration at the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen (e.g., serine, glutamic and pyroglutamic acids, proline and 4-hydroxyproline). Since various hydroxyglutamic acids were identified as components of complex natural products, syntheses of orthogonally protected derivatives of hydroxyglutamic acids are also covered.
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Design, Synthesis, and the Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Acyclic 1,2,3-Triazole Nucleosides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350:1700166. [PMID: 28763115 PMCID: PMC7161868 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of N3 -benzoylated- and N3 -benzylated N1 -propargylquinazoline-2,4-diones 30a-d and 31a-d from isatoic anhydride 41 is reported. The alkynes 30a-d and 31a-d were applied in the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with azides 27 and 28 to synthesize acyclic 1,2,3-triazole nucleosides. The obtained alkynes and 1,2,3-triazole were evaluated for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. The alkyne 30d showed activity against adenovirus-2 (EC50 = 8.3 μM), while compounds 37a and 37d were also active toward herpes simplex virus-1 wild-type and thymidine kinase deficient (HSV-1 TK- ) strains (EC50 values in the range of 4.6-13.8 μM). In addition, compounds 30a, 30b, 37b, and 37c exhibited activity toward varicella-zoster virus (VZV) TK+ and TK- strains (EC50 = 2.1-9.5 μM). The compound 30b proved to be the most selective against VZV and displayed marginal activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although the compound 30a had improved anti-HCMV activity, the increase in anti-HCMV activity was accompanied by significant toxicity. Compounds 37a and 37d showed inhibitory effects toward the human T lymphocyte (CEM) cell line (IC50 = 21 ± 7 and 22 ± 1 μM, respectively), while compound 35 exhibited cytostatic activity toward HMEC-1 cells (IC50 = 28 ± 2 μM).
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Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates containing the amide bond. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:2163-2177. [PMID: 27881885 PMCID: PMC5101293 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract To study the influence of a linker rigidity and donor–acceptor properties, the P–CH2–O–CHR– fragment in acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (e.g., acyclovir, tenofovir) was replaced by the P–CH2–HN–C(O)– residue. The respective phosphonates were synthesized in good yields by coupling the straight chain of ω-aminophosphonates and nucleobase-derived acetic acids with EDC. Based on the 1H and 13C NMR data, the unrestricted rotation within the methylene and 1,2-ethylidene linkers in phosphonates from series a and b was confirmed. For phosphonates containing 1,3-propylidene (series c) fragments, antiperiplanar disposition of the bulky O,O-diethylphosphonate and substituted amidomethyl groups was established. The synthesized ANPs P–X–HNC(O)–CH2B (X = CH2, CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2OCH2CH2) appeared inactive in antiviral assays against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses at concentrations up to 100 μM while marginal antiproliferative activity (L1210 cells, IC50 = 89 ± 16 μM and HeLa cells, IC50 = 194 ± 19 μM) was noticed for the analog derived from (5-fluorouracyl-1-yl)acetic acid and O,O-diethyl (2-aminoethoxy)methylphosphonate. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates. Molecules 2016; 21:E1420. [PMID: 27792200 PMCID: PMC6273621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)-methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates designed as analogues of amonafide was synthesized. All phosphonates were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them showed potency against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) [EC50 (50% effective concentration) = 27.6-91.5 μM]. Compound 16b exhibited the highest activity against a thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) VZV strain (EC50 = 27.59 μM), while 16d was the most potent towards TK⁺ VZV (EC50 = 29.91 μM). Cytostatic properties of the compounds 14a-i-17a-i were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were slightly cytostatic for HeLa [IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 29-130 µM] and L1210 cells [IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 14-142 µM].
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Synthesis, antiviral, cytotoxic and cytostatic evaluation of N 1-(phosphonoalkyl)uracil derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:1081-1090. [PMID: 32214481 PMCID: PMC7087680 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A series of N1-(phosphonoalkyl)uracils was prepared in a two-step reaction sequence from ω-aminoalkylphosphonates and (E)-3-ethoxyacryloyl isocyanate followed by the uracil ring closure. Under standard conditions (NCS; NBS; I2/CAN) all N1-(phosphonoalkyl)uracils were transformed into the respective 5-halogeno derivatives to be later benzoylated at N3. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses. One compound was slightly active against human cytomegalovirus in HEL cell cultures (EC50 = 45 μM) while another showed weak activity against varicella-zoster virus (TK+ VZV strain OKA and TK− VZV strain 07-1) with EC50 = 43 and 53 µM, respectively. In addition, several compounds exhibited noticeable inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) at a concentration lower than 200 μM. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Stereochemistry of the Three-Component Reaction Between the Ley′S Aldehyde, Benzyl Amines, and Trialkyl Phosphites. A New Approach to the Protected Enantiomerically Pure 1-Amino-2,3-Dihydroxypropylphosphonates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.883624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Design, synthesis, antiviral and cytostatic activity of ω-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)(polyhydroxy)alkylphosphonates as acyclic nucleotide analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3629-41. [PMID: 24906510 PMCID: PMC7127666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of a new series of polyhydroxylated dibenzyl ω-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)alkylphosphonates as acyclic nucleotide analogues is described starting from dibenzyl ω-azido(polyhydroxy)alkylphosphonates and selected alkynes under microwave irradiation. Selected O,O-dibenzylphosphonate acyclonucleotides were transformed into the respective phosphonic acids. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and for cytostatic activity against murine leukemia L1210, human T-lymphocyte CEM and human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. Compound (1S,2S)-16b exhibited antiviral activity against Influenza A H3N2 subtype (EC50=20μM-visual CPE score; EC50=18μM-MTS method; MCC >100μM, CC50 >100μM) in Madin Darby canine kidney cell cultures (MDCK), and (1S,2S)-16k was active against vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus in HeLa cells (EC50=9 and 12μM, respectively). Moreover, compound (1R,2S)-16l showed activity against both herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) in HEL cell cultures (EC50=2.9 and 4μM, respectively) and feline herpes virus in CRFK cells (EC50=4μM) but at the same time it exhibited cytotoxicity toward uninfected cell (MCC⩾4μM). Several other compounds have been found to inhibit proliferation of L1210, CEM as well as HeLa cells with IC50 in the 4-50μM range. Among them compounds (1S,2S)- and (1R,2S)-16l were the most active (IC50 in the 4-7μM range).
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1-Amino-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propylphosphonates as acyclic analogs of nucleotides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:496-505. [PMID: 24706386 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1-amino-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propylphosphonates (R)- and (S)-16 were obtained from enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-amino-3-azidopropylphosphonates and N-propargylated nucleobases in good yields. All 1,2,3-triazolylphosphonates (R)- and (S)-16 were evaluated for their activities against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. Compound (R)-16g (B = 3-acetylindole) was moderately active against vesicular stomatitis virus in HeLa cell cultures (EC50 = 45 µM). In addition, (S)-16c (B = adenine), (R)-16f (B = N(3)-Bz-benzuracil), (R)-16g (B = 3-acetylindole), and (R)-16h (B = 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) were cytotoxic toward Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells (CC50 = 2.9, 45, 72, and 96 µM, respectively). Compounds (R)-16g, (S)-16g, and (S)-16h were slightly cytostatic to different tumor cell lines.
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Novel acyclic phosphonylated 1,2,3-triazolonucleosides with an acetamidomethyl linker: synthesis and biological activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:506-14. [PMID: 24664932 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 4-substituted [(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido]methylphosphonates as acyclic nucleotide analogs were synthesized from diethyl (2-chloroacetamido)methylphosphonate via azidation followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with selected alkynes derived from natural nucleobases or their mimetics. All compounds were tested for their antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses as well as for cytostatic activity or cytotoxicity. Among all tested compounds, [(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido]methylphosphonate 6e substituted with the N(3)-Bz-benzuracil moiety showed activity against the vesicular stomatitis virus (EC50 = 45 µM) in HeLa cell cultures.
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Design, synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic evaluation of novel acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogues with a 5,6-dihydro-1 H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyridazine-4,7-dione system. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014; 145:663-673. [PMID: 26166892 PMCID: PMC4494773 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A series of diethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)alkylphosphonates was synthesised from ω-azidoalkylphosphonates and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and was further transformed into the respective diamides, dihydrazides, and 5,6-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7-diones as phosphonate analogues of acyclic nucleosides having nucleobases replaced with substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. All compounds containing P-C-C-triazole or P-C-C-CH2-triazole moieties exist in single conformations in which the diethoxyphosphoryl and substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl or substituted (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl groups are oriented anti. All phosphonates were evaluated in vitro for activity against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were endowed with antiviral activity. They were not cytostatic at 100 μM. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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The synthesis, antiviral, cytostatic and cytotoxic evaluation of a new series of acyclonucleotide analogues with a 1,2,3-triazole linker. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:703-22. [PMID: 24219992 PMCID: PMC7115586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of a new series of acyclonucleotide analogues with a 1,2,3-triazole linker is described starting from diethyl azidomethyl-, 2-azidoethyl-, 3-azidopropyl-, 4-azidobutyl-, 2-azido-1-hydroxyethyl-, 3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl- and 3-azido-1-hydroxypropylphosphonates and selected alkynes under microwave irradiation. Several O,O-diethylphosphonate acyclonucleotides were transformed into the respective phosphonic acids. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and cytostatic activity against murine leukaemia L1210, human T-lymphocyte CEM and human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. Acyclonucleotide 22e exhibited activity against both herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) in HEL cell cultures (EC50 = 17 μM) and feline herpes virus (EC50 = 24 μM) in CRFK cell cultures, while compounds 20k, 21k, 22k and 23k preferentially inhibited proliferation of human T-lymphocyte CEM cells at IC50 in the 2.8–12 μM range. Nucleotide analogues with aliphatic linker between phosphorus and 1,2,3-triazole. Efficient synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole analogues of nucleotides. Antiviral activity and inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CEM cells.
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Synthesis of a New Series of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazoles as Acyclic Analogs of Ribavirin. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:677-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3-triazolonucleotides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:278-91. [PMID: 23427010 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A general procedure for the preparation of 1,2,3-triazole analogs of nucleosides from diethyl 2-azidoethoxymethyl- and 2-azidoethoxyethylphosphonates was elaborated. The application of microwave irradiation shortened the reaction time to 10 min in comparison to ca. 48 h when 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were performed under standard conditions. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were antivirally active at subtoxic concentrations. Compound 17k exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human T-lymphocyte cells (IC50=64 µM for CEM).
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Design, synthesis, antiviral, and cytotoxic evaluation of novel phosphonylated 1,2,3-triazoles as acyclic nucleotide analogues. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:293-318. [PMID: 22444192 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.662611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diethyl 2-azidoethyl-, 3-azidopropyl-, 2-azido-1-hydroxyethyl-, 3-azido-2-hydroxypropylphosphonates with selected N-propargyl nucleobases gave a series of the phosphonylated 1,2,3-triazole acyclonucleosides in which the phosphonate residue and nucleobases were linked by three- and four-carbon chains. Under standard conditions (TMSBr, ethanol), all synthesized O,O-diethylphosphonates were transformed into the respective phosphonic acids. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses. Unfortunately, no antiviral activity was observed at 100 μM.
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Design, synthesis, antiviral and cytostatic evaluation of novel isoxazolidine nucleotide analogues with a 1,2,3-triazole linker. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 47:501-9. [PMID: 22137458 PMCID: PMC7125624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Azidation (TMSN(3), SnCl(4)) of a 9:1 mixture of trans- and cis-5-acetoxy-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl-3-phosphonates at the anomeric carbon atom led to the formation of the equimolar mixture of cis- and trans-5-azido-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl-3-phosphonates, which were efficiently separated. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pure trans- and cis-5-azidoisoxazolidin-3-yl-3-phosphonates with selected alkynes gave the respective nucleoside mimetics containing a 1,2,3-triazole linker. The (1,2,3-triazolyl)isoxazolidine phosphonates obtained herein were evaluated in vitro for activity against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were endowed with antiviral activity at subtoxic concentrations. Compounds 15f-j and 16f-j were cytostatic in the higher micromolar range.
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Synthesis of Novel 1-Hydroxy-2-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethylphosphonates and 2-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propylphosphonates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.494646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis of enantiomerically pure diethyl (R)- and (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propylphosphonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Synthesis of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2S)-3-(4-carbamoyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1,2-dihydroxypropylphosphonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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