1
|
Kim HS, Kim JK, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Lee GK, Han JY. Prognostic Model for High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung Incorporating Genomic Profiling and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Expression. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300495. [PMID: 38635931 PMCID: PMC11161257 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) of the lung is an aggressive cancer with a complex biology. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of genetic aberrations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) expression in HGNEC and to establish a novel prognostic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 191 patients with histologically confirmed HGNEC of the lung. Tumor tissues were analyzed using PARP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC; N = 191) and comprehensive cancer panel sequencing (n = 102). Clinical and genetic data were used to develop an integrated Cox hazards model. RESULTS Strong PARP1 IHC expression (intensity 3) was observed in 153 of 191 (80.1%) patients, and the mean PARP1 H-score was 285 (range, 5-300). To develop an integrated Cox hazard model, our data set included information from 357 gene mutations and 19 clinical profiles. When the targeted mutation profiles were combined with clinical profiles, 12 genes (ATRX, CCND2, EXT2, FGFR2, FOXO1, IL21R, MAF, TGM7, TNFAIP3, TP53, TSHR, and DDR2) were identified as prognostic factors for survival. The integrated Cox hazard model, which combines mutation profiles with a baseline model, outperformed the baseline model (incremental area under the curve 0.84 v 0.78; P = 8.79e-12). The integrated model stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different disease-free and overall survival (integrated model: hazard ratio, 7.14 [95% CI, 4.07 to 12.54]; P < .01; baseline model: 4.38 [2.56 to 7.51]; P < .01). CONCLUSION We introduced a new prognostic model for HGNEC that combines genetic and clinical data. The integrated Cox hazard model outperformed the baseline model in predicting the survival of patients with HGNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Kuk Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Chen Q, Huang T, Zhu D, Lu Y. Bioinformatics-based screening of key genes for transformation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1203461. [PMID: 37583423 PMCID: PMC10424445 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1203461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common type of lung cancer. Cancer in a small number of patients with EGFR mutations will transform from LUAD to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) during epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapiesr. The purpose of the present study was to identify the core genes related to the transformation of LUAD into SCLC and to explore the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods GSE29016, GSE1037, GSE6044 and GSE40275 mRNA microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUAD and SCLC tissues, and the results were used for network analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). After identifying the hub gene by STRING and Cytoscape platform, we explored the relationship between hub genes and the occurrence and development of SCLC. Finally, the obtained hub genes were validated in treated LUAD cells. Results A total of 41 DEGs were obtained, four hub genes (EZH2, NUSAP1, TTK and UBE2C) were identified, and related prognostic information was obtained. The coexpressed genes of the hub gene set were further screened, and the analysis identified many genes related to the cell cycle. Subsequently, LUAD cell models with TP53 and RB1 inactivation and overexpression of ASCL1 were constructed, and then the expression of hub genes was detected, the results showed that the four hub genes were all elevated in the established cell model. Conclusion EZH2, NUSAP1, TTK and UBE2C may affect the transformation of LUAD to SCLC and represent new candidate molecular markers for the occurrence and development of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chao F, Zhang Y, Lv L, Wei Y, Dou X, Chang N, Yi Q, Li M. Extracellular Vesicles Derived circSH3PXD2A Inhibits Chemoresistance of Small Cell Lung Cancer by miR-375-3p/YAP1. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2989-3006. [PMID: 37304971 PMCID: PMC10256819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s407116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a subtype of lung cancer with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Rapid acquisition of chemoresistance is one of the main reasons leading to clinical treatment failure of SCLC. Studies have indicated that circRNAs participate in multiple processes of tumor progression, including chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs driving the chemoresistance of SCLC are not well specified. Methods The differentially expressed circRNAs were screened by transcriptome sequencing of chemoresistant and chemosensitive SCLC cells. The EVs of SCLC cells were isolated and identified by ultracentrifugation, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and EVs uptake assays. The expression levels of circSH3PXD2A in serum and EVs of SCLC patients and healthy individuals were detected by qRT‒PCR. The characteristics of circSH3PXD2A were detected by Sanger sequencing, RNase R assay, nuclear-cytoplasmic fraction assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. The mechanisms of circSH3PXD2A inhibiting SCLC progression were studied by bioinformatics analysis, chemoresistance assay, proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, transwell assay, pull-down assay, luciferase reporting assay, and mouse xenograft assay. Results It was identified that the circSH3PXD2A was a prominently downregulated circRNA in chemoresistant SCLC cells. The expression level of circSH3PXD2A in EVs of SCLC patients was negatively associated with chemoresistance, and the combination of EVs-derived circSH3PXD2A and serum ProGRP (Progastrin-releasing peptide) levels had better indications for DDP-resistant SCLC patients. CircSH3PXD2A inhibited the chemoresistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCLC cells through miR-375-3p/YAP1 axis in vivo and in vitro. SCLC cells cocultured with EVs secreted by circSH3PXD2A-overexpressing cells exhibited decreased chemoresistance and cell proliferation. Conclusion Our results manifest that EVs-derived circSH3PXD2A inhibits the chemoresistance of SCLC through miR-375-3p/YAP1 axis. Moreover, EVs-derived circSH3PXD2A may serve as a predictive biomarker for DDP-resistant SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Dou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Han Y, Liu Z, Gao L, Yi T, Yu Y, Wang Y, Qu P, Xiang L, Li Y. Depiction of neuroendocrine features associated with immunotherapy response using a novel one-class predictor in lung adenocarcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:71. [PMID: 37199872 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumours with no evidence of neuroendocrine transformation histologically but harbouring neuroendocrine features are collectively referred to as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). Investigating the mechanisms underlying NED is conducive to designing appropriate treatment options for NSCLC patients. METHODS In the present study, we integrated multiple lung cancer datasets to identify neuroendocrine features using a one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine learning algorithm trained on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, a pulmonary neuroendocrine cell type, based on the transcriptome of NSCLC and named the NED index (NEDI). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, ESTIMATE algorithm analysis, and unsupervised subclass mapping (SubMap) were performed to assess the altered pathways and immune characteristics of lung cancer samples with different NEDI values. RESULTS We developed and validated a novel one-class predictor based on the expression values of 13,279 mRNAs to quantitatively evaluate neuroendocrine features in NSCLC. We observed that a higher NEDI correlated with better prognosis in patients with LUAD. In addition, we observed that a higher NEDI was significantly associated with reduced immune cell infiltration and immune effector molecule expression. Furthermore, we found that etoposide-based chemotherapy might be more effective in the treatment of LUAD with high NEDI values. Moreover, we noted that tumours with low NEDI values had better responses to immunotherapy than those with high NEDI values. CONCLUSIONS Our findings improve the understanding of NED and provide a useful strategy for applying NEDI-based risk stratification to guide decision-making in the treatment of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tienan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Science and Education, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Longchao Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun TY, Zhao L, Hummelen PV, Martin B, Hornbacker K, Lee H, Xia LC, Padda SK, Ji HP, Kunz P. Exploratory genomic analysis of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms across diverse primary sites. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:665-679. [PMID: 36165930 PMCID: PMC10043760 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-grade (grade 3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (G3 NENs) have poor survival outcomes. From a clinical standpoint, G3 NENs are usually grouped regardless of primary site and treated similarly. Little is known regarding the underlying genomics of these rare tumors, especially when compared across different primary sites. We performed whole transcriptome (n = 46), whole exome (n = 40), and gene copy number (n = 43) sequencing on G3 NEN formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from diverse organs (in total, 17 were lung, 16 were gastroenteropancreatic, and 13 other). G3 NENs despite arising from diverse primary sites did not have gene expression profiles that were easily segregated by organ of origin. Across all G3 NENs, TP53, APC, RB1, and CDKN2A were significantly mutated. The CDK4/6 cell cycling pathway was mutated in 95% of cases, with upregulation of oncogenes within this pathway. G3 NENs had high tumor mutation burden (mean 7.09 mutations/MB), with 20% having >10 mutations/MB. Two somatic copy number alterations were significantly associated with worse prognosis across tissue types: focal deletion 22q13.31 (HR, 7.82; P = 0.034) and arm amplification 19q (HR, 4.82; P = 0.032). This study is among the most diverse genomic study of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. We uncovered genomic features previously unrecognized for this rapidly fatal and rare cancer type that could have potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yang Sun
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock Martin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA
| | | | - HoJoon Lee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Li C. Xia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Sukhmani K. Padda
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Pamela Kunz
- Yale School of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ullah MA, Islam NN, Moin AT, Park SH, Kim B. Evaluating the Prognostic and Therapeutic Potentials of the Proteasome 26S Subunit, ATPase (PSMC) Family of Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Database Mining Approach. Front Genet 2022; 13:935286. [PMID: 35938038 PMCID: PMC9353525 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.935286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the prognostic and therapeutic potentials of multiple Proteasome 26S Subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family of genes (PSMC1-5) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) diagnosis and treatment. All the PSMCs were found to be differentially expressed (upregulated) at the mRNA and protein levels in LUAD tissues. The promoter and multiple coding regions of PSMCs were reported to be differentially and distinctly methylated, which may serve in the methylation-sensitive diagnosis of LUAD patients. Multiple somatic mutations (alteration frequency: 0.6–2%) were observed along the PSMC coding regions in LUAD tissues that could assist in the high-throughput screening of LUAD patients. A significant association between the PSMC overexpression and LUAD patients’ poor overall and relapse-free survival (p < 0.05; HR: >1.3) and individual cancer stages (p < 0.001) was discovered, which justifies PSMCs as the ideal targets for LUAD diagnosis. Multiple immune cells and modulators (i.e., CD274 and IDO1) were found to be associated with the expression levels of PSMCs in LUAD tissues that could aid in formulating PSMC-based diagnostic measures and therapeutic interventions for LUAD. Functional enrichment analysis of neighbor genes of PSMCs in LUAD tissues revealed different genes (i.e., SLIRP, PSMA2, and NUDSF3) previously known to be involved in oncogenic processes and metastasis are co-expressed with PSMCs, which could also be investigated further. Overall, this study recommends that PSMCs and their transcriptional and translational products are potential candidates for LUAD diagnostic and therapeutic measure discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Nawal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Tayab Moin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- *Correspondence: Bonglee Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams JF, Vivero M. Diagnostic criteria and evolving molecular characterization of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Histopathology 2022; 81:556-568. [PMID: 35758205 DOI: 10.1111/his.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung are currently classified into two categories: small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Diagnostic criteria for small cell- and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma are based solely on tumor morphology; however, overlap in histologic and immunophenotypic features between the two types of carcinoma can potentially make their classification challenging. Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas is paramount for patient management, as clinical course and treatment differ between small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Molecular-genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data published over the past decade suggest that small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are not homogeneous categories but rather comprise multiple groups of distinctive malignancies. Nuances in the susceptibility of small cell lung carcinoma subtypes to different chemotherapeutic regimens and the discovery of targetable mutations in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma suggest that classification and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas may be informed by ancillary molecular and protein expression testing going forward. This review summarizes current diagnostic criteria, prognostic and predictive correlates of classification, and evidence of previously unrecognized subtypes of small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Williams
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Vivero
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leblanc A, Owen S, Fiset PO, Gomez Corrador AL, Isenberg J, Bouganim N. Metastatic Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma With ALK Fusion Oncogene With Partial Response to Alectinib. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:802-807. [DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Leblanc
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott Owen
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordan Isenberg
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Novel Strategy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumor. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11111945. [PMID: 34829292 PMCID: PMC8625242 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Correctly diagnosing a histologic type of lung cancer is important for selecting the appropriate treatment because the aggressiveness, chemotherapy regimen, surgical approach, and prognosis vary significantly among histologic types. Pulmonary NETs, which are characterized by neuroendocrine morphologies, represent approximately 20% of all lung cancers. In particular, high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine tumor) are highly proliferative cancers that have a poorer prognosis than other non-small cell lung cancers. The combination of hematoxylin and eosin staining, Ki-67, and immunostaining of classic neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A, CD56, and synaptophysin, are normally used to diagnose high-grade neuroendocrine tumors; however, they are frequently heterogeneous. This article reviews the diagnostic methods of lung cancer diagnosis focused on immunostaining. In particular, we describe the usefulness of immunostaining by Stathmin-1, which is a cytosolic phosphoprotein and a key regulator of cell division due to its microtubule depolymerization in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, for the diagnosis of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: consensus statement from The British Thoracic Oncology Group and the Association of Pulmonary Pathologists. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1210-1216. [PMID: 34489586 PMCID: PMC8548341 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, lung cancer clinical and translational research has been characterised by exponential progress, exemplified by the introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy combinations to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer. Along with squamous and small cell lung cancers, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) now represents an area of unmet need, particularly hampered by the lack of an encompassing pathological definition that can facilitate real-world and clinical trial progress. The steps we have proposed in this article represent an iterative and rational path forward towards clinical breakthroughs that can be modelled on success in other lung cancer pathologies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Saghaeiannejad Esfahani H, Vela CM, Chauhan A. Prevalence of TP-53/Rb-1 Co-Mutation in Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653153. [PMID: 34141612 PMCID: PMC8203494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm, which can arise from anywhere in the body. Due to its rarity there is a lacuna in our understanding of LCNEC's molecular biology. In 2016, Rekhtman and colleagues presented one of the largest molecular sequencing series of pulmonary LCNEC. They differentiated genomic profiles of LCNEC into two major subsets: small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-like, characterized by TP53 + RB1 co-mutation/loss, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like, characterized by the lack of co-altered TP53 + RB1. This finding is of significance because at present LCNEC patients are often treated like SCLC. However, the universal genomic SCLC biomarker of TP53 and RB1 co-mutation was only found in 40% of their cohort. Since then various other scientists have looked into molecular profiling of LCNEC with markedly discordant results. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of publicly available next generation sequencing (NGS) data to evaluate the prevalence of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation in LCNEC. Method We conducted a literature search using PubMed. Seven studies including 302 patients with pulmonary LCNEC and four studies including 20 patients with extra-pulmonary LCNEC underwent final analysis. Results The prevalence of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation was 36% (109/302) among pulmonary LCNEC patients and 35% (7/20) among the extra-thoracic LCNEC cohort. This finding is in stark contrast to >90% TP53 + RB1 co-mutation in SCLC. Conclusion It is now well established that LCNEC is molecularly distinct from SCLC. LCNEC seems to have two molecularly defined sub-cohort based on TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status. Future studies should look into prognostic and predictive implication of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status in LCNEC. Prospective studies should be designed to characterize molecular subtypes and direct treatment accordingly. We are currently conducting a prospective pilot clinical trial wherein LCNEC patients are treated based on TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status. The study is currently enrolling. "Next Generation Sequencing-Based Stratification of Front Line Treatment of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PRECISION-NEC). Systematic Review ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04452292.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory M Vela
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui Y, Li Z, Cao J, Lane J, Birkin E, Dong X, Zhang L, Jiang WG. The G4 Resolvase DHX36 Possesses a Prognosis Significance and Exerts Tumour Suppressing Function Through Multiple Causal Regulations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655757. [PMID: 33987090 PMCID: PMC8111079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in both men and women worldwide. The nucleic acid G4 structures have been implicated in the transcriptional programmes of cancer-related genes in some cancers such as lung cancer. However, the role of the dominant G4 resolvase DHX36 in the progression of lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, by bioinformatic analysis of public datasets (TCGA and GEO), we find DHX36 is an independent prognosis indicator in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with subtype dependence. The stable lentiviral knockdown of the DHX36 results in accelerated migration and aggregation of the S-phase subpopulation in lung cancer cells. The reduction of DHX36 level de-sensitises the proliferation response of lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs such as paclitaxel with cell dependence. The knockdown of this helicase leads to promoted tumour growth, demonstrated by a 3D fluorescence spheroid lung cancer model, and the stimulation of cell colony formation as shown by single-cell cultivation. High throughput proteomic array indicates that DHX36 functions in lung cancer cells through regulating multiple signalling pathways including activation of protein activity, protein autophosphorylation, Fc-receptor signalling pathway, response to peptide hormone and stress-activated protein kinase signalling cascade. A causal transcriptomic analysis suggests that DHX36 is significantly associated with mRNA surveillance, RNA degradation, DNA replication and Myc targets. Therefore, we unveil that DHX36 presents clinical significance and plays a role in tumour suppression in lung cancer, and propose a potentially new concept for an anti-cancer therapy based on helicase-specific targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zhilei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Cao
- Biotherapy Center, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Birkin
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Xuefei Dong
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Manem VS, Sazonova O, Gagné A, Orain M, Khoshkrood-Mansoori B, Gaudreault N, Bossé Y, Joubert P. Unravelling actionable biology using transcriptomic data to integrate mitotic index and Ki-67 in the management of lung neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 2021; 12:209-220. [PMID: 33613848 PMCID: PMC7869577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous family of malignancies whose classification relies on morphology and mitotic rate, unlike extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors that require both mitotic rate and Ki-67. As mitotic count is proportional to Ki-67, it is crucial to understand if Ki-67 can complement the existing diagnostic guidelines, as well as discover the benefit of these two markers to unravel the biological heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated the association of mitotic rate and Ki-67 at gene- and pathway-level using transcriptomic data in lung NET malignancies. Lung resection tumor specimens obtained from 28 patients diagnosed with NETs were selected. Mitotic rate, Ki-67 and transcriptomic data were obtained for all samples. The concordance between mitotic rate and Ki-67 was evaluated at gene-level and pathway-level using gene expression data. Our analysis revealed a strong association between mitotic rate and Ki-67 across all samples and cell cycle genes were found to be differentially ranked between them. Pathway analysis indicated that a greater number of pathways overlapped between these markers. Analyses based on lung NET subtypes revealed that mitotic rate in carcinoids and Ki-67 in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas provided comprehensive characterization of pathways among these malignancies. Among the two subtypes, we found distinct leading-edge gene sets that drive the enrichment signal of commonly enriched pathways between mitotic index and Ki-67. Overall, our findings delineated the degree of benefit of the two proliferation markers, and offers new layer to predict the biological behavior and identify high-risk patients using a more comprehensive diagnostic workup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S.K. Manem
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Olga Sazonova
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Andréanne Gagné
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Michèle Orain
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen Y, Hu F, Li C, Xu J, Zhong R, Zhang X, Chu T, Han B. Clinical Features and Outcomes Analysis of Surgical Resected Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:556194. [PMID: 33335851 PMCID: PMC7736707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.556194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of pulmonary cancer with poor survival. Optimal adjuvant chemotherapy for resected LCNEC is controversial till now; clinical features together with the prognostic factors in LCNEC should be clarified better. Methods Clinicopathological characteristics, driven genes’ status (EGFR, ALK, and ROS1), adjuvant chemotherapy strategy for 94 surgical resected LCNECs were extracted from digital database, tumor relapse or progression, and survival were analyzed with clinical profiles. Results Driven gene mutants were scarce in LCNEC, 8.3% (4/48) samples harbored EGFR mutations, 5.8% (3/52) with ALK positive, and none of ROS1 positive. A total of 44 patients suffered tumor relapse or progression during follow-up. Tumor/lymph node (N) stage, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level before surgery, different adjuvant chemotherapies were associated with tumor relapse (P < 0.05); poorer disease-free survival (DFS) appeared in N2/stage III, serum CEA positive and pemetrexed based chemotherapy (P < 0.05); for overall survival (OS) analysis, the T/tumor stage, serum positive CEA/neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at baseline were associated with worse OS (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis, N stage still acted as prognostic for DFS (P = 0.019); OS differed significantly in different T stages, chemotherapy selection and serum CEA levels after adjustment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Classical driven gene mutations were rare in LCNEC. Tumor N stage appeared as prognostic for DFS, while serum positive CEA, different adjuvant chemotherapy strategies, and T stage were independent prognostic factors for OS. Etoposide–platinum regime seemed to be a better choice which should be confirmed by further prospective investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Insulinoma-associated Protein 1 (INSM1) Is a Better Marker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis Estimation of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Than Neuroendocrine Phenotype Markers Such as Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, and CD56. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:757-764. [PMID: 32118626 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To diagnose small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56 are helpful. However, because they are dispensable, SCLCs occur without apparent NE phenotypes. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a transcription factor for NE differentiation and has emerged as a single practical marker for SCLC. Using the surgical samples of 141 pulmonary NE tumors (78 SCLCs, 44 large cell NE carcinomas, and 19 carcinoids), and 246 non-NE carcinomas, we examined the immunohistochemical expression and prognostic relevance of INSM1 in association with NE phenotype markers. We evaluated its sensitivity and specificity for SCLC diagnosis, as well as its usefulness to diagnose SCLC without NE marker expression and to estimate the prognosis. INSM1 was expressed in SCLCs (92%, 72/78), large cell NE carcinomas (68%, 30/44), and carcinoids (95%, 18/19). In addition, among SCLCs with no expression of NE phenotype markers (n=12), 9 (75%) were positive for INSM1. These data suggest the superiority of INSM1 to the phenotype markers. Only 7% of adenocarcinomas (9/134) and 4% of squamous cell carcinomas (4/112) were positive for INSM1. SCLC with low-INSM1 expression (n=28) had a significantly better prognosis (P=0.040) than the high-INSM1 group (n=50). Our study revealed that INSM1 is highly sensitive and specific to detect SCLC and can estimate prognosis. INSM1 will be a promising marker for SCLC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (P-LCNEC) is a rare, poorly differentiated, non-small cell malignancy within the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung. Despite sharing several similarities with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in their clinical, immunohistopathological, genomic, and prognostic features, it is a distinct and biologically heterogeneous entity with challenging diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. Given the lack of prospective, randomized data to guide management, it is common practice to pursue thoracic surgery for resectable tumors according to the guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and implement systemic chemotherapy as early as at stage I, similar to the treatment of SCLC. However, important issues, such as the optimal timing and combination of therapeutic modalities, the most effective type of chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease, and the benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation, remain debated. Accumulating evidence from retrospective, molecular profiling studies supports the existence of at least two P-LCNEC subtypes, most notably a SCLC-like and a NSCLC-like phenotype, which presumably underlie the observed differential sensitivity to platinum-based regimens and warrant further validation as predictive biomarkers of efficacy. Furthermore, several potentially actionable, driver molecular alterations have been identified, offering implications for personalized treatment approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The current review discusses open questions on the diagnosis and management of P-LCNEC, as well as recent advances in its genomic and transcriptomic characterization that create promising therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
|
17
|
Transcriptomic data helps refining classification of pulmonary carcinoid tumors with increased mitotic counts. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1712-1721. [PMID: 32291397 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms are classified by WHO as either typical or atypical carcinoids, large cell (LCNEC) or small cell (SCLC) neuroendocrine carcinoma based on mitotic count, morphology, and necrosis assessment. LCNEC with low mitotic count and sharing morphologic features with carcinoids are in a gray zone for classification and their rare prevalence and the paucity of studies precludes proper validation of the current grading system. In this study, we aim to investigate their clinicopathological and transcriptomic profiles. Lung resection specimens obtained from 18 patients diagnosed with carcinoids or LCNEC were selected. Four of them were characterized as borderline tumors based on a mitotic rate ranging between 10 and 30 mitoses per 2 mm2. Comprehensive morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation was performed and tumor-based transcriptomic profiles were analyzed through unsupervised clustering. Clustering analysis revealed two distinct molecular groups characterized by low (C1) and high (C2) proliferation. C1 was comprised of seven carcinoids and three borderline tumors, while C2 was comprised of seven LCNEC and one borderline tumor. Furthermore, patients in cluster C1 had a better recurrence-free survival compared with patients in cluster C2 (20% vs 75%). Histological features, IHC profile, and molecular analysis showed that three out of four borderline tumors showed features consistent with carcinoids. Therefore, our findings convey that the current diagnostic guidelines are suboptimal for classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with increased proliferative index and carcinoid-like morphology. These results support the emerging concept that neuroendocrine tumors with carcinoid-like features and mitotic count of <20 mitoses per 2 mm2 should be regarded as pulmonary carcinoids instead of LCNEC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan Z, Wang Q, Lu Z, Sun X, Song P, Dang Y, Xie L, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhu W, Xie T, Ma J, Zhang Y, Guo X. OSluca: An Interactive Web Server to Evaluate Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32528519 PMCID: PMC7264384 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the principal cause of leading cancer-related incidence and mortality in the world. Various studies have excavated the potential prognostic biomarkers for cancer patients based on gene expression profiles. However, most of these reported biomarkers lack independent validation in multiple cohorts. Herein, we collected 35 datasets with long-term follow-up clinical information from TCGA (2 cohorts), GEO (32 cohorts), and Roepman study (1 cohort), and developed a web server named OSluca (Online consensus Survival for Lung Cancer) to assess the prognostic value of genes in lung cancer. The input of OSluca is an official gene symbol, and the output web page of OSluca displays the survival analysis summary with a forest plot and a survival table from Cox proportional regression in each cohort and combined cohorts. To test the performance of OSluca, 104 previously reported prognostic biomarkers in lung carcinoma were evaluated in OSluca. In conclusion, OSluca is a highly valuable and interactive prognostic web server for lung cancer. It can be accessed at http:// bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/LUCA/LUCAList.jsp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tiantian Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leal JL, Peters G, Szaumkessel M, Leong T, Asadi K, Rivalland G, Do H, Senko C, Mitchell PL, Quing CZ, Dobrovic A, Thapa B, John T. NTRK and ALK rearrangements in malignant pleural mesothelioma, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours and non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:154-159. [PMID: 32540558 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene rearrangements involving NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, ROS1 and ALK have been identified in many types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are lacking. Given the activity of NTRK, ROS-1 and ALK inhibitors in tumors harboring gene fusions, we sought to explore such rearrangements in these less common tumors in addition to NSCLC. METHODS Archival tumor tissue from patients with MPM, lung NETs, SCLC and NSCLC were used to create tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using a cocktail of antibodies against TRK, ROS1 and ALK. IHC positive samples underwent RNA sequencing using the ArcherDX FusionPlex CTL diagnostic assay. Clinical data were obtained through retrospective chart review. RESULTS We performed IHC on 1116 samples: 335 MPMs, 522 NSCLCs, 105 SCLCs and 154 lung NETs. There were 23 IHC positive cases (2.1%) including eight MPMs (2.4%), eight NETs (5.2%), five SCLC (4.8%) and two NSCLC (0.4%). The following fusions were detected: one MPM with an NTRK ex10-TPM3 ex8, another MPM with an ALK ex20-EML4ex13, one lung intermediate-grade NET (atypical carcinoid) with an ALK ex20-EML4 ex6/intron6, and two NSCLCs with an ALK ex20-EML4 ex6/intron6 rearrangement. None of the patients received targeted treatment. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we report for the first time NTRK and ALK rearrangements in a small subset of MPM. An ALK rearrangement was also detected in lung intermediate-grade NET (or atypical carcinoid). Our data suggest that IHC could be a useful screening test in such patients to ensure that all therapeutic strategies including targeted therapy are utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Leal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Peters
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marcin Szaumkessel
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trishe Leong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khashayar Asadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gareth Rivalland
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Senko
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul L Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chai Zi Quing
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bibhusal Thapa
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Outcomes of Patients with Clinical Stage I-IIIA Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer Treated with Resection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051370. [PMID: 32392725 PMCID: PMC7290504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. The rationale of the study was to determine the survival of LCNEC patients in I–IIIA clinical stages who underwent resection. A total of 53 LCNEC (89%) and combined LCNEC (11%) patients in stages I–IIIA who underwent surgery with radical intent between 2002–2018 were included in the current study. Overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were estimated. Uni- and multivariable analyses were conducted using Cox-regression model. Patients were treated with surgery alone (51%), surgery with radiochemotherapy (4%), with radiotherapy (2%), with adjuvant chemotherapy (41%), or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2%). The median (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) OS and TTR was 52 months (20.1–102.1 months) and 20 months (7.0–75.6 months), respectively. Patients treated in clinical stage I showed better OS than patients in stages II–IIIA (p = 0.008). Patients with R0 resection margin (negative margin, no tumor at the margin) and without lymph node metastasis had significantly better TTR. In the multivariate analysis, age was an independent factor influencing OS. Recurrence within 1 year was noted in more than half cases of LCNEC. R0 resection margin and N0 status (no lymph node metastasis) were factors improving TTR. Age >64 years was observed as a main independent factor influencing OS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Minami K, Jimbo N, Tanaka Y, Ogawa H, Hokka D, Nishio W, Yoshimura M, Itoh T, Maniwa Y. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 is a prognostic biomarker in pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:243-253. [PMID: 32346887 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies have suggested that insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a useful marker for pathological diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. In the present study, we investigated the association between INSM1 expression and prognosis in patients with pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) and assessed the usefulness of INSM1 as a prognostic biomarker in these patients. METHODS Seventy-five consecutive patients with HGNEC who underwent complete surgical resections from January 2000 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. We classified these patients into two groups: the INSM1-positive group (n = 59) and INSM1-negative group (n = 16). We compared the clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the groups. In addition, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the prognostic factors associated with postoperative survival. RESULTS Significant differences in tumor diameter and vascular invasion between the groups were found. OS and RFS were significantly poorer in the INSM1-positive group than in the INSM1-negative group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that INSM1 expression was the strongest predictor of poor prognosis for OS and RFS. CONCLUSIONS INSM1 expression had the greatest influence on the prognosis in patients with HGNEC and may be a prognostic biomarker in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Minami
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Naoe Jimbo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iyoda A, Azuma Y, Sano A. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: clinicopathological and molecular features. Surg Today 2020; 50:1578-1584. [PMID: 32193632 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In 1970, neuroendocrine tumors of the lung were classified into three categories: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The third edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 1999 defined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) as a variant of large cell carcinomas, whereas the fourth edition of the WHO classification redefined LCNEC as a neuroendocrine tumor. Currently, neuroendocrine tumors of the lung are classified into four main categories: TC, AC, LCNEC, and SCLC. Although the treatments for TC, AC, and SCLC have not changed remarkably, the treatment strategy for LCNEC is not yet established because of its reclassification from a variant of "large cell carcinoma" to a new category of "neuroendocrine tumor". In this review article, we discuss the pathological findings, biological behavior, and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iyoda
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Yoko Azuma
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sano
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kubota S, Tanaka M, Endo H, Ito Y, Onuma K, Ueda Y, Kamiura S, Yoshino K, Kimura T, Kondo J, Inoue M. Dedifferentiation of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix in hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:398-404. [PMID: 32007268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of small cell type (SCNEC) is a rare pathological subtype in cervical cancer, which has a worse prognosis than other histological cell types. Due to its low incidence and the lack of experimental platforms, the molecular characteristics of SCNEC in the cervix remain largely unknown. Using the cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) method-an ex vivo 3D culture system that preserves the differentiation status of the original tumors-we established a panel of CTOS lines of SCNEC. We demonstrated that xenograft tumors and CTOSs, respectively, exhibited substantial intra-tumor and intra-CTOS variation in the expression levels of chromogranin A (CHGA), a neuroendocrine tumor marker. Since hypoxia affects differentiation in various tumors and in stem cells, we also investigated how hypoxia affected neuroendocrine differentiation of SCNEC of the uterine cervix. In the CTOS line cerv21, hypoxia suppressed expression of the neuroendocrine markers CHGA and synaptophysin (SYP). Flow cytometry analysis using CD99 (a membrane protein marker of SCNEC) revealed decreased CD99 expression in a subset of cells under hypoxic conditions. These expression changes were attenuated by HIF-1α knockdown, and by a Notch inhibitor, suggesting that these molecules played a role in the regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation. The examined SCNEC markers were suppressed under hypoxia in multiple CTOS lines. Overall, our present results indicated that neuroendocrine differentiation in SCNEC of the uterus is a variable phenotype, and that hypoxia may be one of the factors regulating the differentiation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mie Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoji Kamiura
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shimada Y, Kudo Y, Maehara S, Matsubayashi J, Otaki Y, Kajiwara N, Ohira T, Minna JD, Ikeda N. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 has prognostic relevance and is a therapeutic target for high-grade neuroendocrine lung cancers. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:610-620. [PMID: 31845438 PMCID: PMC7004527 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade neuroendocrine lung cancer (HGNEC), which includes small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a rapidly proliferating, aggressive form of lung cancer. The initial standard chemotherapeutic regimens of platinum doublets are recommended for SCLC and have been frequently used for LCNEC. However, there are currently no molecularly targeted agents with proven clinical benefit for this disease. The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) is a neuroendocrine cell-specific product that is known as a potential oncogene in several types of cancer, but little is known about the biological function of UCHL1 and its therapeutic potential in HGNEC. In this study, we found that preclinical efficacy evoked by targeting UCHL1 was relevant to prognosis in HGNEC. UCHL1 was found to be expressed in HGNEC, particularly in cell lines and patient samples of SCLC, and the combined use of platinum doublets with selective UCHL1 inhibitors improved its therapeutic response in vitro. Immunohistochemical expression of UCHL1 was significantly associated with postoperative survival in patients with HGNEC and contributed towards distinguishing SCLC from LCNEC. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes isolated from lung cancer cell lines and serum from early-stage HGNEC, were verified by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Higher levels of UCHL1 mRNA in EV were found in the samples of patients with early-stage HGNEC than those with early-stage NSCLC and healthy donors' EV. Taken together, UCHL1 may be a potential prognostic marker and a promising druggable target for HGNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Shimada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yujin Kudo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Maehara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Otaki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naohiro Kajiwara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ohira
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
RankerGUI: A Computational Framework to Compare Differential Gene Expression Profiles Using Rank Based Statistics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236098. [PMID: 31816915 PMCID: PMC6929103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparison of high throughput gene expression datasets obtained from different experimental conditions is a challenging task. It provides an opportunity to explore the cellular response to various biological events such as disease, environmental conditions, and drugs. There is a need for tools that allow the integration and analysis of such data. We developed the "RankerGUI pipeline", a user-friendly web application for the biological community. It allows users to use various rank based statistical approaches for the comparison of full differential gene expression profiles between the same or different biological states obtained from different sources. The pipeline modules are an integration of various open-source packages, a few of which are modified for extended functionality. The main modules include rank rank hypergeometric overlap, enriched rank rank hypergeometric overlap and distance calculations. Additionally, preprocessing steps such as merging differential expression profiles of multiple independent studies can be added before running the main modules. Output plots show the strength, pattern, and trends among complete differential expression profiles. In this paper, we describe the various modules and functionalities of the developed pipeline. We also present a case study that demonstrates how the pipeline can be used for the comparison of differential expression profiles obtained from multiple platforms' data of the Gene Expression Omnibus. Using these comparisons, we investigate gene expression patterns in kidney and lung cancers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhuo M, Guan Y, Yang X, Hong L, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen R, Abbas HA, Chang L, Gong Y, Wu N, Zhong J, Chen W, Chen H, Dong Z, Zhu X, Li J, Wang Y, An T, Wu M, Wang Z, Wang J, Roarty EB, Rinsurongkawong W, Lewis J, Roth JA, Swisher SG, Lee JJ, Heymach JV, Wistuba II, Kalhor N, Yang L, Yi X, Futreal PA, Glisson BS, Xia X, Zhang J, Zhao J. The Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Genomic Subtyping by Sequencing Tumor or Cell-Free DNA in Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:892-901. [PMID: 31694833 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal systemic treatment for pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is still under debate. Previous studies showed that LCNEC with different genomic characteristics might respond differently to different chemotherapy regimens. In this study, we sought to investigate genomic subtyping using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis in advanced LCNEC and assess its potential prognostic and predictive value. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor DNA and cfDNA from 63 patients with LCNEC were analyzed by target-captured sequencing. Survival and response analyses were applied to 54 patients with advanced stage incurable disease who received first-line chemotherapy. RESULTS The mutation landscape of frequently mutated cancer genes in LCNEC from cfDNA closely resembled that from tumor DNA, which led to a 90% concordance in genomic subtyping. The 63 patients with LCNEC were classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)-like and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like LCNEC based on corresponding genomic features derived from tumor DNA and/or cfDNA. Overall, patients with SCLC-like LCNEC had a shorter overall survival than those with NSCLC-like LCNEC despite higher response rate (RR) to chemotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with etoposide-platinum was associated with superior response and survival in SCLC-like LCNEC compared with pemetrexed-platinum and gemcitabine/taxane-platinum doublets, while treatment with gemcitabine/taxane-platinum led to a shorter survival compared with etoposide-platinum or pemetrexed-platinum in patients with NSCLC-like LCNEC. CONCLUSIONS Genomic subtyping has potential in prognostication and therapeutic decision-making for patients with LCNEC and cfDNA analysis may be a reliable alternative for genomic profiling of LCNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Zhuo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Guan
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuqi Wang
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Hematology and Oncology Fellowship Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lianpeng Chang
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hanxiao Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Emily B Roarty
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Waree Rinsurongkawong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeff Lewis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yang
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | | | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Minami K, Tanaka Y, Ogawa H, Jimbo N, Nishio W, Yoshimura M, Itoh T, Maniwa Y. Neuroendocrine marker staining pattern categorization of small-sized pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:2152-2160. [PMID: 31583856 PMCID: PMC6825905 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify subgroups with good or bad prognosis in patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) based on immunostaining patterns with neuroendocrine markers and compare them with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Methods From January 2001 to December 2017, of all patients with resected LCNEC and SCLC, we selected patients whose pathological tumor sizes were ≤30 mm in diameter (defined as small‐sized tumors) and who underwent complete resection with lymphadenectomy. We classified patients with small‐sized LCNEC (sLCNEC) into two subgroups based on immunostaining patterns with three neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and NCAM) and compared them to small‐sized SCLC (sSCLC). Results A total of 48 patients with sLCNEC and 39 patients with sSCLC were enrolled. Of 48 patients with sLCNEC, 21 were categorized as the small‐sized triple‐positive group (sTP), whose patients were positive for the three neuroendocrine markers, and 27 patients were categorized as the small‐sized nontriple‐positive group (sNTP), whose patients were not positive for all three neuroendocrine markers. The percentage of lymph node metastasis was significantly lower in sNTP than in sTP and sSCLC. There was no significant difference in overall survival, but recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and tumor‐specific survival (TSS) were significantly poorer in sTP and sSCLC than in sNTP. Multivariate analysis revealed sTP and sSCLC were independent prognostic factors for poorer RFS and TSS than those of sNTP. Conclusions The sNTP subgroup had a good prognosis and the sTP subgroup a poor prognosis. There were some similarities in clinicopathological features between sTP and sSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Minami
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Japan
| | - Naoe Jimbo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Muppa P, Parrilha Terra SBS, Sharma A, Mansfield AS, Aubry MC, Bhinge K, Asiedu MK, de Andrade M, Janaki N, Murphy SJ, Nasir A, Van Keulen V, Vasmatzis G, Wigle DA, Yang P, Yi ES, Peikert T, Kosari F. Immune Cell Infiltration May Be a Key Determinant of Long-Term Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1286-1295. [PMID: 31078775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although most patients with SCLC die within a few months of diagnosis, a subgroup of patients survive for many years. Factors determining long-term survivorship remain largely unknown. We present the first comprehensive comparative genomic and tumor microenvironment analyses of SCLC between patients with long-term survivorship and patients with the expected survivorship. METHODS We compared surgically resected tumors of 23 long-term SCLC survivors (survival >4 years) and 18 SCLC survivors with the expected survival time (survival ≤2 years). There were no significant differences in clinical variables, including TNM staging and curative- versus non-curative-intent surgery between the groups. Gene expression profiling was performed by using microarrays, and tumor microenvironment analyses were performed by immunohistochemistry of prominent immune-related markers. RESULTS Immune-related genes and pathways represented the majority of the differentially overexpressed genes in long-term survivorship compared with in expected survivorship. The differences in the immunological tumor microenvironment were confirmed by quantitative immunostaining. Increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating and associated lymphocytes were present throughout tumors of long-term survivors of SCLC. Several differentiating patterns of enhanced antitumor immunity were identified. Although some areas of the tumors of long-term survivors of SCLC also harbored higher numbers of suppressive immune cells (monocytes, regulatory lymphocytes, and macrophages), the ratios of these suppressive cells to CD3-positive lymphocytes were generally lower in the tumors of long-term survivors of SCLC, indicating a less tumor-suppressive microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that long-term survivorship of patients with SCLC is strongly influenced by the presence of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Characterization of the antitumor immune responses may identify opportunities for individualized immunotherapies for SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasuna Muppa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Kaustubh Bhinge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael K Asiedu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nafiseh Janaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aqsa Nasir
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Virginia Van Keulen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dennis A Wigle
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eunhee S Yi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tobias Peikert
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Farhad Kosari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ogawa H, Tanaka Y, Kitamura Y, Shimizu N, Doi T, Hokka D, Tane S, Nishio W, Yoshimura M, Maniwa Y. Efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas: a propensity score matching analysis. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:1145-1154. [PMID: 31179056 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are categorized as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC). We analyzed the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for HGNEC and the prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tumor resection and were diagnosed with HGNEC between January 2001 and December 2014. The overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the OS between the treatment groups. Multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model were performed to search for prognostic factors for HGNEC. Results We analyzed 146 HGNEC patients (LCNEC n=92, SCLC n=54) without synchronous multiple cancers, who underwent complete resection. Seventy patients (LCNEC n=31, SCLC n=32) received perioperative chemotherapy and all of them received a platinum-based anticancer drug. Perioperative chemotherapy significantly improved the 5-year OS rates of HGNEC patients (all stages: 74.5% vs. 34.7%, P<0.01, stage I: 88.5% vs. 40.0%, P<0.01). The efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy was similar between LCNEC and SCLC patients [LCNEC all stages: hazard ratio (HR) 0.27, P<0.01, LCNEC stage I: HR 0.27, P=0.01; SCLC all stages: HR 0.38, P=0.02, SCLC stage I: HR 0.34, P=0.06]. The survival benefit of perioperative chemotherapy for HGNEC patients was confirmed by propensity score matching analysis (HR 0.31, P<0.01). The multivariate analysis revealed that perioperative chemotherapy (HR 0.29, P<0.01), sublobar resection (HR 2.11, P=0.04), and lymph node metastasis (HR 3.34, P<0.01) were independently associated with survival. Conclusions Surgical resection combined with perioperative chemotherapy was considered to be effective even for stage I HGNEC patients. Sublobar resection might increase the risk of death in HGNEC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kitamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Shimizu
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokka
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Devision of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pelosi G, Bianchi F, Hofman P, Pattini L, Ströbel P, Calabrese F, Naheed S, Holden C, Cave J, Bohnenberger H, Dinter H, Harari S, Albini A, Sonzogni A, Papotti M, Volante M, Ottensmeier CH. Recent advances in the molecular landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:281-297. [PMID: 30900485 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1595593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (Lung-NETs) make up a heterogenous family of neoplasms showing neuroendocrine differentiation and encompass carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas. On molecular grounds, they considered two completely distinct and separate tumor groups with no overlap of molecular alterations nor common developmental mechanisms. Areas covered: Two perspectives were evaluated based on an extensive review and rethinking of literature: (1) the current classification as an instrument to obtaining clinical and molecular insights into the context of Lung-NETs; and (2) an alternative and innovative interpretation of these tumors, proposing a tripartite separation into early aggressive primary high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (HGNET), differentiating or secondary HGNET, and indolent NET. Expert opinion: We herein provide an alternative outlook on Lung-NETs, which is a paradigm shift to current pathogenesis models and expands the understanding of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- a Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology , University or Milan , Milan , Italy
- b Inter-hospital Pathology Division , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- c Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Foundation for Research and Care-IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Paul Hofman
- d Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology , FHU OncoAge, Nice Hospital, Biobank BB-0033-00025, IRCAN, Inserm U1081 CNRS 7284, University Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
| | - Linda Pattini
- e Department of Electronics , Information and Bioengineering, Polytechnic of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- g Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Salma Naheed
- h Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Chloe Holden
- i Department of Medical Oncology , Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Trust , Bournemouth , UK
| | - Judith Cave
- j Department of Medical Oncology , University Hospital Southampton NHS FT , Southampton , UK
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Helen Dinter
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sergio Harari
- k Department of Medical Sciences and Division of Pneumology, San Giuseppe Hospital , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- l Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- m Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Foundation for Research and Care-IRCCS National Cancer Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- n Department of Oncology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- o Department of Oncology , University of Turin and Pathology Unit San Luigi Hospital , Turin , Italy
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- p Christian CRUK and NIHR Southamtpon Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang S, Zhang X, Hao F, Li Y, Sun C, Zhan R, Wang Y, He W, Li H, Luo G. Reconstruction and Functional Annotation of P311 Protein-Protein Interaction Network Reveals Its New Functions. Front Genet 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30838032 PMCID: PMC6390203 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P311 is a highly conserved multifunctional protein. However, it does not belong to any established family of proteins, and its biological function has not been entirely determined. This study aims to reveal the unknown molecular and cellular function of P311. OCG (Overlapping Cluster Generator) is a clustering method used to partition a protein-protein network into overlapping clusters. Multifunctional proteins are at the intersection of relevant clusters. DAVID is an analytic tool used to extract biological meaning from a large protein list. Here we presented OD2 (OCG + DAVID + 2 human PPI datasets), a novel strategy to increase the likelihood to identify biological functions most pertinent to the multifunctional proteins. The principle of OD2 is that OCG prepares the protein lists from multifunctional protein relevant overlapping clusters, for a functional enrichment analysis by DAVID, and the similar functional enrichments, which occurs simultaneously when analyzing two human PPI datasets, are supposed to be the predicted functions. By applying OD2 to two reconstructed human PPI datasets, we supposed the function of the P311 in inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and coagulation, which were confirmed by the following biological experiments. Collectively, our study preliminarily found that P311 could play a role in inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and coagulation. Further studies are required to validate and elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fen Hao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory Center of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- The Sixth Resignation Cadre Sanatorium of Shandong Province Military Region, Qingdao, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The 324th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh N, Ahsen ME, Challapalli N, Kim HS, White MA, Vidyasagar M. Inferring Genome-Wide Interaction Networks Using the Phi-Mixing Coefficient, and Applications to Lung and Breast Cancer (Invited Paper). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOLECULAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND MULTI-SCALE COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 4:123-139. [PMID: 33313341 PMCID: PMC7731978 DOI: 10.1109/tmbmc.2019.2933391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Constructing gene interaction networks (GINs) from high-throughput gene expression data is an important and challenging problem in systems biology. Existing algorithms produce networks that either have undirected and unweighted edges, or else are constrained to contain no cycles, both of which are biologically unrealistic. In the present paper we propose a new algorithm, based on a concept from probability theory known as the ϕ-mixing coefficient, that produces networks whose edges are weighted and directed, and are permitted to contain cycles. Specifically, we inferred networks for two subtypes of lung cancer small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell (NSCLC) as well as normal lung tissue. Then we compared with the outcomes of siRNA screening of 19,000+ genes on 11 NSCLC cell lines, and found that the higher the degree of a gene in the inferred network, the more essential it is to the survival of a cell. We also analyzed data from a ChIP-Seq experiment to determine putative downstream targets of ASCL1. The SCLC network was enriched for ChIP-seq neighbors of this oncogenic transcription factor, but not in the NSCLC network. We also reverse-engineered whole-genome interaction networks for two distinct subtypes of breast cancer, namely Luminal-A and Basal (also known as triple negative).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Singh
- Department the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Texas at Dallas
| | | | - Niharika Challapalli
- Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael A White
- Pfizer, La Jolla, CA, on leave from the UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - M Vidyasagar
- Systems Engineering Department at the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX. He is now with the Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Lung Cancers: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Heterogeneity and Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E248. [PMID: 30060526 PMCID: PMC6116004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the largest number of cancer-related deaths in the world. Most (85%) of lung cancers are classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (15%) (SCLC). The 5-year survival rate for NSCLC patients remains very low (about 16% at 5 years). The two predominant NSCLC histological phenotypes are adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC). ADCs display several recurrent genetic alterations, including: KRAS, BRAF and EGFR mutations; recurrent mutations and amplifications of several oncogenes, including ERBB2, MET, FGFR1 and FGFR2; fusion oncogenes involving ALK, ROS1, Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and RET. In LSQCC recurrent mutations of TP53, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, DDR2 and genes of the PI3K pathway have been detected, quantitative gene abnormalities of PTEN and CDKN2A. Developments in the characterization of lung cancer molecular abnormalities provided a strong rationale for new therapeutic options and for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance. However, the complexity of lung cancer genomes is particularly high, as shown by deep-sequencing studies supporting the heterogeneity of lung tumors at cellular level, with sub-clones exhibiting different combinations of mutations. Molecular studies performed on lung tumors during treatment have shown the phenomenon of clonal evolution, thus supporting the occurrence of a temporal tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Derks JL, Leblay N, Lantuejoul S, Dingemans AMC, Speel EJM, Fernandez-Cuesta L. New Insights into the Molecular Characteristics of Pulmonary Carcinoids and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, and the Impact on Their Clinical Management. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:752-766. [PMID: 29454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoids and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are rare neuroendocrine lung tumors. Here we provide an overview of the most updated data on the molecular characteristics of these diseases. Recent genomic studies showed that carcinoids generally contain a low mutational burden and few recurrently mutated genes. Most of the reported mutations occur in chromatin-remodeling genes (e.g., menin 1 gene [MEN1]), and few affect genes of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin gene pathway. Aggressive disease has been related to chromothripsis, DNA-repair gene mutations, loss of orthopedia homeobox/CD44, and upregulation of ret proto-oncogene gene (RET) gene expression. In the case of LCNECs, which present with a high mutation burden, two major molecular subtypes have been identified: one with biallelic inactivation of tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) and retinoblastoma gene (RB1), a hallmark of SCLC; and the other one with biallelic inactivation of TP53 and serine/threonine kinase 11 gene (STK11)/kelch like ECH associated protein 1 gene (KEAP1), genes that are frequently mutated in NSCLC. These data, together with the identification of common mutations in the different components of combined LCNEC tumors, provide further evidence of the close molecular relation of LCNEC with other lung tumor types. In terms of therapeutic options, future studies should explore the association between mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway mutations and response to mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors in carcinoids. For LCNEC, preliminary data suggest that the two molecular subtypes might have a predictive value for chemotherapy response, but this observation needs to be validated in randomized prospective clinical trials. Finally, delta like Notch canonical ligand 3 inhibitors and immunotherapy may provide alternative options for patient-tailored therapy in LCNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules L Derks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Noémie Leblay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard UNICANCER, Lyon, France; Grenoble Alpes University INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC-WHO, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Christopoulos P, Engel-Riedel W, Grohé C, Kropf-Sanchen C, von Pawel J, Gütz S, Kollmeier J, Eberhardt W, Ukena D, Baum V, Nimmrich I, Sieder C, Schnabel PA, Serke M, Thomas M. Everolimus with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment for metastatic large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: a multicenter phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1898-1902. [PMID: 28535181 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Neuroendocrine tumors frequently show overactivation of the mTOR pathway. Based on the good activity of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in different types of neuroendocrine tumors and the results of a previous phase I trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of everolimus in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as upfront treatment for patients with advanced LCNEC. Patients and methods In this prospective, multicenter phase II trial chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IV LCNEC received 5 mg everolimus daily combined with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 5 every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles followed by maintenance everolimus 5 mg daily until progression. Efficacy parameters were determined based on central radiologic assessment. Results Forty-nine patients with a mean age of 62 ±9 years and a predominance of male (71%) smokers (98%) were enrolled in 10 German centers. The overall response rate was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31%-60%), the disease control rate 74% (CI 59%-85%), the median progression-free survival 4.4 (CI 3.2-6) months and the median overall survival 9.9 (CI 6.9-11.7) months. The progression-free survival rate at 3 months (primary end point) was 76% (CI 64%-88%) according to Kaplan-Meier. Grade-3/4 toxicities occurred in 51% of patients and mainly consisted of general physical health deterioration (8%), cytopenias (24%), infections (10%) and gastrointestinal problems (8%). Typical everolimus-related adverse events, like stomatitis, rash and ocular problems occurred only in a minority of patients (<15%) and were exclusively of grade 1-2. Conclusion Everolimus in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for patients with metastatic LCNEC. Registered clinical trial numbers EudraCT number 2010-022273-34, NCT01317615.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - W Engel-Riedel
- Department of Pneumology, Lung Hospital Cologne Merheim, City of Cologne Municipal Hospitals, Cologne
| | - C Grohé
- Department of Pneumology, Protestant Lung Hospital, Berlin
| | - C Kropf-Sanchen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm
| | - J von Pawel
- Department of Pneumology, Asklepios Hospital Munich-Gauting
| | - S Gütz
- Department of Pneumology and Cardiology, Lutheran Deaconess' Hospital, Leipzig
| | - J Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, HELIOS Hospital Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - W Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology (Cancer Research), Ruhrlandclinic, University Hospital, Essen
| | - D Ukena
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Bremen-Ost, Bremen
| | - V Baum
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - I Nimmrich
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - C Sieder
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - P A Schnabel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Saarland, Homburg
| | - M Serke
- Department of Pneumology, Lung Hospital Hemer, Germany
| | - M Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang H, Wang H, Xi S, He C, Chang Y, Wang Q, Wu Y. Perioperative chemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin for pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2557-2563. [PMID: 29765234 PMCID: PMC5944445 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s160565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is associated with poor prognosis, and its treatment strategy is still controversial, especially regarding chemotherapy regimens. Case report We present the case of a 49-year-old Chinese male with primary pulmonary LCNEC treated with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus pemetrexed. A suspected quasi-circular mass in the left lower pulmonary lobe and an enlarged mediastinal lymph node were found. The patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation based on computerized tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy. An EGFR gene mutation test showed negative results. Cisplatin and pemetrexed were administered as the neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. The primary lesion had reduced markedly, and the enlarged mediastinal lymph node had disappeared after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A left lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. The lesion was confirmed as LCNEC based on postoperative histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical results. The patient underwent four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed for a month postoperatively, followed by postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient was still alive after a follow-up of 24 months, with no evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion Cisplatin combined with pemetrexed is effective and safe for patients with pulmonary LCNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Chang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Integrative genomic profiling of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas reveals distinct subtypes of high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29535388 PMCID: PMC5849599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) have similarities with other lung cancers, but their precise relationship has remained unclear. Here we perform a comprehensive genomic (n = 60) and transcriptomic (n = 69) analysis of 75 LCNECs and identify two molecular subgroups: “type I LCNECs” with bi-allelic TP53 and STK11/KEAP1 alterations (37%), and “type II LCNECs” enriched for bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 (42%). Despite sharing genomic alterations with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, no transcriptional relationship was found; instead LCNECs form distinct transcriptional subgroups with closest similarity to SCLC. While type I LCNECs and SCLCs exhibit a neuroendocrine profile with ASCL1high/DLL3high/NOTCHlow, type II LCNECs bear TP53 and RB1 alterations and differ from most SCLC tumors with reduced neuroendocrine markers, a pattern of ASCL1low/DLL3low/NOTCHhigh, and an upregulation of immune-related pathways. In conclusion, LCNECs comprise two molecularly defined subgroups, and distinguishing them from SCLC may allow stratified targeted treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors. The molecular nature of large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) has remained unclear. Here, the authors show LCNECs represent a distinct transcriptional subgroup among lung cancers and comprise two molecular subgroups, type I (TP53 and STK11/KEAP1 alterations) and type II (TP53 and RB1 inactivation).
Collapse
|
38
|
Pelosi G, Bianchi F, Dama E, Simbolo M, Mafficini A, Sonzogni A, Pilotto S, Harari S, Papotti M, Volante M, Fontanini G, Mastracci L, Albini A, Bria E, Calabrese F, Scarpa A. Most high-grade neuroendocrine tumours of the lung are likely to secondarily develop from pre-existing carcinoids: innovative findings skipping the current pathogenesis paradigm. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:567-577. [PMID: 29388013 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
39
|
Zhou F, Hou L, Ding T, Song Q, Chen X, Su C, Li W, Gao G, Ren S, Wu F, Fan J, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhou C. Distinct clinicopathologic features, genomic characteristics and survival of central and peripheral pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: From different origin cells? Lung Cancer 2017; 116:30-37. [PMID: 29413048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) represents a rare entity in lung cancer with dismal prognosis. In the present study, we investigated whether there are significant differences between central and peripheral tumors of LCNEC, in terms of clinicopathologic features, genomic profiles, and survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 126 cases of LCNEC were included. The tumors with invasion of the segmental and/or lobar bronchus were classified as central LCNEC and those without as peripheral LCNEC. EGFR/BRAF/Kras mutations and ALK/ROS1 translocations were detected. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier plots. RESULTS The majority of LCNEC proved to be of the peripheral type (64.3%, 81/126). Central tumors were associated with smoking habit (p = 0.047), higher TNM-stage (p = 0.014) and larger tumor size (p < 0.001). Expression of neuroendocrine markers (CD56, CGA, and SYN) was not significantly different by tumor location but central tumors had higher serum levels of NSE (p = 0.004). Peripheral tumors had a higher incidence of EGFR mutations (18.8% vs. 0%, p = 0.023). ROS1 translocation was detected in 1 patient with peripheral LCNEC. RB1 protein was more frequently expressed in peripheral tumor than central tumor. The median OS was 3.71 years in the entire cohort. Peripheral tumors had better survival compared with central tumors (median OS: 4.04 vs. 1.51 years, p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated tumor location (hazard ratio [HR], 6.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-23.44, p = 0.009), resection status (HR, 6.58, 95% CI, 1.92-22.51, p = 0.003) and EGFR mutational status (HR, 0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.75, p = 0.018) were independent prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION Primary tumor location of LCNEC, divided into central and peripheral type, has distinct clinicopathologic features, genomic characteristics and survival. These differences are likely due to differences in the origin cells and pathogenesis of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanming Song
- Department of Pathology, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung are classified into two categories: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). While typical cases of LCNEC are morphologically distinct from SCLC, the differentiation between LCNEC and SCLC can be challenging in some cases. In fact, there are borderline high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas that morphologically fall between LCNEC and SCLC. Growing evidence suggests that LCNEC is a histologically and biologically heterogeneous group of tumors. Molecular profiling with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed a few biologically distinct subsets of LCNEC. Of those, the SCLC-like subset is characterized by concurrent inactivating mutations in TP53 and loss of RB1 that are typically seen in SCLC, whereas the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like subset frequently harbors molecular alterations that are usually seen in NSCLC. Furthermore, the SCLC-like subset exhibits morphologic features of SCLC, and NSCLC-like morphology predominates in the NSCLC-like subset, although there was a substantial overlap in morphologic features between these subsets. As for the treatment of LCNEC, surgery is advocated for early stage tumors, but surgery alone does not appear to be sufficient and adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of platinum/etoposide, likely prevents recurrence in patients with completely resected LCNEC. For advanced disease, there have been conflicting reports as to whether LCNEC responds to chemotherapeutic regimens in the similar manner to SCLC rather than NSCLC, and the heterogeneous biology of LCNEC may contribute in part to the discrepant results. A further understanding of the biology of LCNEC will lead to novel approaches to clinical managements of patients with LCNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pelosi G, Sonzogni A, Harari S, Albini A, Bresaola E, Marchiò C, Massa F, Righi L, Gatti G, Papanikolaou N, Vijayvergia N, Calabrese F, Papotti M. Classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: new insights. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:513-529. [PMID: 29114468 PMCID: PMC5653522 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (Lu-NETs) embrace a heterogeneous family of neoplasms classified into four histological variants, namely typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Defining criteria on resection specimens include mitotic count in 2 mm2 and the presence or absence of necrosis, alongside a constellation of cytological and histological traits including cell size and shape, nuclear features and overall architecture. Clinically, TC are low-grade malignant tumors, AC intermediate-grade malignant tumors and SCLC/LCNEC high-grade malignant full-blown carcinomas with no significant differences in survival between them. Homologous tumors arise in the thymus that occasionally have some difficulties in differentiating from the lung counterparts when presented with large unresectable or metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) helps refine NE diagnosis at various anatomical sites, particularly on small-sized tissue material, in which only TC and small cell carcinoma categories can be recognized easily on hematoxylin & eosin stain, while AC and LCNEC can only be suggested on such material. The Ki-67 labeling index effectively separates carcinoids from small cell carcinoma and may prove useful for the clinical management of a metastatic disease to help the therapeutic decision-making process. Although carcinoids and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in the lung and elsewhere make up separate tumor categories on molecular grounds, emerging data supports the concept of secondary high-grade NETs arising in the preexisting carcinoids, whose clinical and biological relevance will have to be placed into the proper context for the optimal management of these patients. In this review, we will discuss the selected, recent literature with a focus on current issues regarding Lu-NET nosology, i.e., classification, derivation and tumor evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Inter-hospital Pathology Division, Science & Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Medical Sciences and Division of Pneumology, San Giuseppe Hospital, Science & Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Science & Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bresaola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, and Pathology Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Massa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, and Pathology Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Pathology Division, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaia Gatti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Pathology Division, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Papanikolaou
- Inter-hospital Pathology Division, Science & Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Namrata Vijayvergia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, and Pathology Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inamura K, Yokouchi Y, Kobayashi M, Ninomiya H, Sakakibara R, Nishio M, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y. Relationship of tumor PD-L1 (CD274) expression with lower mortality in lung high-grade neuroendocrine tumor. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2347-2356. [PMID: 28925087 PMCID: PMC5633594 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) promotes immunosuppression by binding to PD-1 on T lymphocytes. Although tumor PD-L1 expression is a potential predictive marker of clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, little is known about its association with clinicopathological features, including prognosis, in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (HGNETs), including small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), of the lung. We immunohistochemically examined the membranous of expression of PD-L1 in 115 consecutive surgical cases of lung HGNET (74 SCLC cases and 41 LCNEC cases). We examined the prognostic association of tumor PD-L1 positivity using the log-rank test as well as Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality. Programmed death-ligand 1 immunostaining (at least 5% tumor cells) was observed in 25 (21%) of the 115 HGNET cases. In a univariable analysis, PD-L1 positivity was associated with lower lung cancer-specific (univariable HR = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.056-0.64; P = 0.0028) and overall (univariable HR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.11-0.60; P = 0.0005) mortality. Additionally, in a multivariable analysis, PD-L1 positivity was independently associated with lower lung cancer-specific (multivariable HR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.058-0.67; P = 0.0039) and overall (multivariable HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.11-0.61; P = 0.0006) mortality. Our study demonstrated the prevalence of PD-L1 positivity in lung HGNET cases, and the independent association of tumor PD-L1 positivity with lower mortality in lung HGNET cases. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokouchi
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.1‐2‐58, HiromachiShinagawa‐kuTokyo140‐0005Japan
| | - Maki Kobayashi
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| | - Hironori Ninomiya
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| | - Rie Sakakibara
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
- Department of Integrated PulmonologyTokyo Medical and Dental University1‐5‐45, YushimaBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8519Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| | - Sakae Okumura
- Department of Thoracic Surgical OncologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 AriakeKoto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of PathologyThe Cancer InstituteDepartment of PathologyThe Cancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer Research3‐8‐31 Ariake, Koto‐kuTokyo135‐8550Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karlsson A, Brunnström H, Micke P, Veerla S, Mattsson J, La Fleur L, Botling J, Jönsson M, Reuterswärd C, Planck M, Staaf J. Gene Expression Profiling of Large Cell Lung Cancer Links Transcriptional Phenotypes to the New Histological WHO 2015 Classification. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1257-1267. [PMID: 28535939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large cell lung cancer (LCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) constitute a small proportion of NSCLC. The WHO 2015 classification guidelines changed the definition of the debated histological subtype LCLC to be based on immunomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cancer. We sought to determine whether these new guidelines also translate into the transcriptional landscape of lung cancer, and LCLC specifically. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed by using Illumina V4 HT12 microarrays (Illumina, San Diego, CA) on samples from 159 cases (comprising all histological subtypes, including 10 classified as LCLC WHO 2015 and 14 classified as LCNEC according to the WHO 2015 guidelines), with complimentary mutational and immunohistochemical data. Derived transcriptional phenotypes were validated in 199 independent tumors, including six WHO 2015 LCLCs and five LCNECs. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis of gene expression data identified a phenotype comprising 90% of WHO 2015 LCLC tumors, with characteristics of poorly differentiated proliferative cancer, a 90% tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) mutation rate, and lack of well-known NSCLC oncogene driver alterations. Validation in independent data confirmed aggregation of WHO 2015 LCLCs in the specific phenotype. For LCNEC tumors, the unsupervised gene expression analysis suggested two different transcriptional patterns corresponding to a proposed genetic division of LCNEC tumors into SCLC-like and NSCLC-like cancer on the basis of TP53 and retinoblastoma 1 gene (RB1) alteration patterns. CONCLUSIONS Refined classification of LCLC has implications for diagnosis, prognostics, and therapy decisions. Our molecular analyses support the WHO 2015 classification of LCLC and LCNEC tumors, which herein follow different tumorigenic paths and can accordingly be stratified into different transcriptional subgroups, thus linking diagnostic immunohistochemical staining-driven classification with the transcriptional landscape of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karlsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Veerla
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnea La Fleur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christel Reuterswärd
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Prelaj A, Rebuzzi SE, Del Bene G, Giròn Berrìos JR, Emiliani A, De Filippis L, Prete AA, Pecorari S, Manna G, Ferrara C, Rossini D, Longo F. Evaluation of the efficacy of cisplatin-etoposide and the role of thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation in LCNEC. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00128-2016. [PMID: 28382303 PMCID: PMC5370316 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00128-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well established. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) shares several clinicopathological features with SCLC, but its optimal therapy is not defined. We evaluated clinical response and survival outcomes of advanced LCNEC treated in first-line therapy compared with SCLC. 72 patients with stage III–IV LCNEC (n=28) and extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) (n=44) received cisplatin–etoposide with/without thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Comparing LCNEC with SCLC, we observed similar response rates (64.2% versus 59.1%), disease control rates (82.1% versus 88.6%), progression-free survival (mPFS) (7.4 versus 6.1 months) and overall survival (mOS) (10.4 versus 10.9 months). TRT and PCI in both histologies showed a benefit in mOS (34 versus 7.8 months and 34 versus 8.6 months, both p=0.0001). LCNEC patients receiving TRT showed an improvement in mPFS and mOS (12.5 versus 5 months, p=0.02 and 28.3 versus 5 months, p=0.004), similarly to ES-SCLC. PCI in LCNEC showed an increase in mPFS (20.5 versus 6.4 months, p=0.09) and mOS (33.4 versus 8.6 months, p=0.05), as in ES-SCLC. Advanced LCNEC treated with SCLC first-line therapy has a similar clinical response and survival outcomes to ES-SCLC. Cisplatin–etoposide is an efficient treatment for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. RT and PCI improve survival.http://ow.ly/sBJo309HG8s
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsela Prelaj
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Del Bene
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Emiliani
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla De Filippis
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Anna Prete
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pecorari
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Manna
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferrara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Polo Oncologico, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- Dept of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu D, Lim J, Wang X, Liang F, Xiao G. Enhanced construction of gene regulatory networks using hub gene information. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:186. [PMID: 28335719 PMCID: PMC5364645 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene regulatory networks reveal how genes work together to carry out their biological functions. Reconstructions of gene networks from gene expression data greatly facilitate our understanding of underlying biological mechanisms and provide new opportunities for biomarker and drug discoveries. In gene networks, a gene that has many interactions with other genes is called a hub gene, which usually plays an essential role in gene regulation and biological processes. In this study, we developed a method for reconstructing gene networks using a partial correlation-based approach that incorporates prior information about hub genes. Through simulation studies and two real-data examples, we compare the performance in estimating the network structures between the existing methods and the proposed method. RESULTS In simulation studies, we show that the proposed strategy reduces errors in estimating network structures compared to the existing methods. When applied to Escherichia coli, the regulation network constructed by our proposed ESPACE method is more consistent with current biological knowledge than the SPACE method. Furthermore, application of the proposed method in lung cancer has identified hub genes whose mRNA expression predicts cancer progress and patient response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that incorporating hub gene information in estimating network structures can improve the performance of the existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeon Yu
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, TX 75205 USA
| | - Faming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jotatsu T, Yagishita S, Tajima K, Takahashi F, Mogushi K, Hidayat M, Wirawan A, Ko R, Kanemaru R, Shimada N, Mitani K, Saito T, Takamochi K, Suzuki K, Kohsaka S, Kojima S, Mukae H, Yatera K, Takahashi K. LSD1/KDM1 isoform LSD1+8a contributes to neural differentiation in small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:86-94. [PMID: 28955993 PMCID: PMC5614583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor characterized by rapid progression. The mechanisms that lead to a shift from initial therapeutic sensitivity to ultimate therapeutic resistance are poorly understood. Although the SCLC genomic landscape led to the discovery of promising agents targeting genetic alterations that were already under investigation, results have been disappointing. Achievements in targeted therapeutics have not been observed for over 30 years. Therefore, the underlying disease biology and novel targets urgently require a better understanding. Epigenetic regulation is deeply involved in the cellular plasticity that could shift tumor cells to the malignant phenotype. We have focused on a histone modifier, LSD1, that is overexpressed in SCLC and is a potent therapeutic target. Interestingly, the LSD1 splice variant LSD1+8a, the expression of which has been reported to be restricted to neural tissue, was detected and was involved in the expression of neuroendocrine marker genes in SCLC cell lines. Cells with high expression of LSD1+8a were resistant to CDDP and LSD1 inhibitor. Moreover, suppression of LSD1+8a inhibited cell proliferation, indicating that LSD1+8a could play a critical role in SCLC. These findings suggest that LSD1+8a should be considered a novel therapeutic target in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Jotatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ken Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aditya Wirawan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryo Ko
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryota Kanemaru
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitani
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
FAIM2, as a novel diagnostic maker and a potential therapeutic target for small-cell lung cancer and atypical carcinoid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34022. [PMID: 27677402 PMCID: PMC5039724 DOI: 10.1038/srep34022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine (NE) tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells that includes typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and large cell NE cancer. The subtyping of NE tumors is based on the number of mitoses per high powered field and the presences of necrosis. However, the best diagnostic criteria to differentiate various subtypes of lung NE tumors remains controversial and few diagnostic markers distinguish typical and atypical carcinoid. In this study, we show that FAIM2, an inhibitory molecule in the Fas-apoptosis pathway, is significantly overexpressed in SCLC compared to non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, FAIM2 expression is significantly higher in atypical carcinoid than typical carcinoid. As atypical carcinoid has been shown to have worse clinical outcomes than typical carcinoid, our data suggests that FAIM2 may be a useful diagnostic marker for atypical carcinoid. Knockdown of FAIM2 expression increases Fas-induced apoptotic cell death in SCLC cells. Etoposide treatment combined with FAIM2 inhibition also shows modest but significant reduction of viable SCLC cells. Taken together, our results suggest that FAIM2 is a potential NE tumor marker with higher expression in atypical carcinoid and SCLC, and could be a new therapeutic target for SCLC.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ariura M, Kasajima R, Miyagi Y, Ishidera Y, Sugo Y, Oi Y, Hayashi H, Shigeta H, Miyagi E. Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium: a shared gene mutation signature between the two histological components. Int Cancer Conf J 2016; 6:11-15. [PMID: 31149461 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-016-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with FIGO Stage IB endometrioid cancer (EC) combined with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Metastasis to the lymph nodes in the right bronchopulmonary area, mediastinum and brain were also identified. The patient eventually developed pleuritis and pericarditis carcinomatosa, and died of cancer at 51 months after surgery. Because gene aberrations in uterine neuroendocrine carcinoma are still not well understood, we examined alterations in the mutational hotspots of 50 selected cancer-associated genes. The EC and LCNEC components shared identical alterations in PTEN, PIK3CA and FGFR3. Both the EC and LCNEC components had heterozygous SBSs on CTNNB1 but at different codons (G34R in EC, and T41A in LCNEC). The altered gene signature raised a possibility that the EC and LCNEC components were derived from a common precursor lesion. The LCNEC independently obtained a significant CTNNB1 mutation and the lymph node metastasis originated from this component. Because the LCNEC component seemed to bring about the aggressive course of the disease and defined the patient outcome, further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanism of NE carcinoma development in the endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ariura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rika Kasajima
- 2Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- 2Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yumi Ishidera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sugo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuka Oi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizens Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miyoshi T, Umemura S, Matsumura Y, Mimaki S, Tada S, Makinoshima H, Ishii G, Udagawa H, Matsumoto S, Yoh K, Niho S, Ohmatsu H, Aokage K, Hishida T, Yoshida J, Nagai K, Goto K, Tsuboi M, Tsuchihara K. Genomic Profiling of Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:757-765. [PMID: 27507618 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung shares many clinical characteristics with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), little is known about its molecular features. We analyzed lung LCNECs to identify biologically relevant genomic alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed targeted capture sequencing of all the coding exons of 244 cancer-related genes on 78 LCNEC samples [65 surgically resected cases, including 10 LCNECs combined with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types analyzed separately, and biopsies of 13 advanced cases]. Frequencies of genetic alterations were compared with those of 141 SCLCs (50 surgically resected cases and biopsies of 91 advanced cases). RESULTS We found a relatively high prevalence of inactivating mutations in TP53 (71%) and RB1 (26%), but the mutation frequency in RB1 was lower than that in SCLCs (40%, P = 0.039). In addition, genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected in 12 (15%) of the tumors: PIK3CA 3%, PTEN 4%, AKT2 4%, RICTOR 5%, and mTOR 1%. Other activating alterations were detected in KRAS (6%), FGFR1 (5%), KIT (4%), ERBB2 (4%), HRAS (1%), and EGFR (1%). Five of 10 cases of LCNECs combined with NSCLCs harbored previously reported driver gene alterations, all of which were shared between the two components. The median concordance rate of candidate somatic mutations between the two components was 71% (range, 60%-100%). CONCLUSIONS LCNECs have a similar genomic profile to SCLC, including promising therapeutic targets, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other gene alterations. Sequencing-based molecular profiling is warranted in LCNEC for targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 757-65. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ohmatsu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hishida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanji Nagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bunn PA, Minna JD, Augustyn A, Gazdar AF, Ouadah Y, Krasnow MA, Berns A, Brambilla E, Rekhtman N, Massion PP, Niederst M, Peifer M, Yokota J, Govindan R, Poirier JT, Byers LA, Wynes MW, McFadden DG, MacPherson D, Hann CL, Farago AF, Dive C, Teicher BA, Peacock CD, Johnson JE, Cobb MH, Wendel HG, Spigel D, Sage J, Yang P, Pietanza MC, Krug LM, Heymach J, Ujhazy P, Zhou C, Goto K, Dowlati A, Christensen CL, Park K, Einhorn LH, Edelman MJ, Giaccone G, Gerber DE, Salgia R, Owonikoko T, Malik S, Karachaliou N, Gandara DR, Slotman BJ, Blackhall F, Goss G, Thomas R, Rudin CM, Hirsch FR. Small Cell Lung Cancer: Can Recent Advances in Biology and Molecular Biology Be Translated into Improved Outcomes? J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:453-74. [PMID: 26829312 PMCID: PMC4836290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Bunn
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John D Minna
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Adi F Gazdar
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Anton Berns
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yokota
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Barcelona, Spain; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - John T Poirier
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lauren A Byers
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Murry W Wynes
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Anna F Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jane E Johnson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - David Spigel
- Sara Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ping Yang
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Lee M Krug
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John Heymach
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Caicun Zhou
- Cancer Institute of Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Martin J Edelman
- University of Maryland, Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - David E Gerber
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - David R Gandara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, California
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred R Hirsch
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
| |
Collapse
|