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Giuffrè GM, Quaranta D, Citro S, Morganti TG, Martellacci N, Vita MG, Rossini PM, Calabresi P, Marra C. Associations Between Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240150. [PMID: 38905044 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), assessing verbal episodic memory with controlled learning and semantic cueing, has been recommended for detecting the genuine encoding and storage deficits characterizing AD-related memory disorders. Objective The present study aims at investigating the ability of FCSRT in predicting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evidence of amyloid-β positivity in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and exploring its associations with amyloidopathy, tauopathy and neurodegeneration biomarkers. Methods 120 aMCI subjects underwent comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological examinations, including the FCSRT assessment, and CSF collection; CSF Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181, and total-tau quantification were conducted by an automated CLEIA method on Lumipulse G1200. Based on the Aβ42/40 ratio value, subjects were classified as either A+ or A-. Results All FCSRT subitem scores were significantly lower in A+ group and significantly predicted the amyloid-β status, with Immediate Total Recall (ITR) being the best predictor. No significant correlations were found between FCSRT and CSF biomarkers in the A- aMCI group, while in the A+ aMCI group, all FCSRT subitem scores were negatively correlated with CSF p-tau181 and total-tau, but not with the Aβ42/40 ratio. Conclusions FCSRT confirms its validity as a tool for the diagnosis of AD, being able to predict the presence of amyloid-β deposition with high specificity. The associations between FCSRT subitem scores and CSF p-tau-181 and total-tau levels in aMCI due to AD could further encourage the clinical use of this simple and cost-effective test in the evaluation of individuals with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Maria Giuffrè
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Memory Clinic Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Memory Clinic Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Citro
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giuseppe Morganti
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Martellacci
- Memory Clinic Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Vita
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Memory Clinic Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Markowitsch HJ, Staniloiu A. Behavioral, neurological, and psychiatric frailty of autobiographical memory. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2023; 14:e1617. [PMID: 35970754 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical-episodic memory is considered to be the most complex of the five long-term memory systems. It is autonoetic, which means, self-reflective, relies on emotional colorization, and needs the features of place and time; it allows mental time traveling. Compared to the other four long-term memory systems-procedural memory, priming, perceptual, and semantic memory-it develops the latest in phylogeny and ontogeny, and is the most vulnerable of the five systems, being easily impaired by brain damage and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, it is characterized by its fragility and proneness to distortion due to environmental influences and subsequent information. On the brain level, a distinction has to be made between memory encoding and consolidating, memory storage, and memory retrieval. For encoding, structures of the limbic system, with the hippocampus in its center, are crucial, for storage of widespread cortical networks, and for retrieval again a distributed recollection network, in which the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role, is engaged. Brain damage and psychiatric diseases can lead to what is called "focal retrograde amnesia." In this context, the clinical picture of dissociative or functional or psychogenic amnesia is central, as it may result in autobiographical-emotional amnesia of the total past with the consequence of an impairment of the self as well. The social environment therefore can have a major impact on the brain and on autobiographical-episodic memory processing. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Markowitsch
- Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelica Staniloiu
- Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Oberberg Clinic, Hornberg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Zago S, Preti AN, Difonzo T, D'Errico A, Sartori G, Zangrossi A, Bolognini N. Two Cases of Malingered Crime-Related Amnesia. Top Cogn Sci 2023. [PMID: 36855315 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Amnesia is a frequent claim in major crimes, and it is estimated that the complete or partial absence of memory following a crime ranges from 25% to 50% of total cases. Although some cases may constitute a genuine form of amnesia, due to organic-neurological defects or psychological causes, and possibly combined with a dissociative or repressive coping style after an extreme experience, malingering is still fairly common in offenders. Therefore, one of the main goals in medico-legal proceedings is to find methods to determine the credibility of crime-related amnesia. At present, a number of lie and memory detection techniques can assist the forensic assessment of the reliability of declarative proof, and have been devised and improved over the past century: for example, modern polygraphs, event-related potentials, thermal imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, kinematic, and facial analysis. Other ad hoc psychological tests, such as the so-called Symptom Validity Test (SVT) and Performance Validity Test (PVT), as well as the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT), can also be used. To date, however, there is little evidence or case reports that document their real usefulness in forensic practice. Here, we report two cases of crime-related amnesia, whereby both defendants, who were found guilty of homicide, appeared to exhibit dissociative amnesia but where the application of SVTs, PVTs, and aIAT detected a malingered amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zago
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Alice N Preti
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Teresa Difonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Annalisa D'Errico
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico
| | | | - Andrea Zangrossi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, University of Milano-Bicocca
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Dimitrova LI, Dean SL, Schlumpf YR, Vissia EM, Nijenhuis ERS, Chatzi V, Jäncke L, Veltman DJ, Chalavi S, Reinders AATS. A neurostructural biomarker of dissociative amnesia: a hippocampal study in dissociative identity disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:805-813. [PMID: 34165068 PMCID: PMC9975991 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the neural correlates of dissociative amnesia, a transdiagnostic symptom mostly present in the dissociative disorders and core characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID). Given the vital role of the hippocampus in memory, a prime candidate for investigation is whether total and/or subfield hippocampal volume can serve as biological markers of dissociative amnesia. METHODS A total of 75 women, 32 with DID and 43 matched healthy controls (HC), underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using Freesurfer (version 6.0), volumes were extracted for bilateral global hippocampus, cornu ammonis (CA) 1-4, the granule cell molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), fimbria, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (HATA), parasubiculum, presubiculum and subiculum. Analyses of covariance showed volumetric differences between DID and HC. Partial correlations exhibited relationships between the three factors of the dissociative experience scale scores (dissociative amnesia, absorption, depersonalisation/derealisation) and traumatisation measures with hippocampal global and subfield volumes. RESULTS Hippocampal volumes were found to be smaller in DID as compared with HC in bilateral global hippocampus and bilateral CA1, right CA4, right GC-ML-DG, and left presubiculum. Dissociative amnesia was the only dissociative symptom that correlated uniquely and significantly with reduced bilateral hippocampal CA1 subfield volumes. Regarding traumatisation, only emotional neglect correlated negatively with bilateral global hippocampus, bilateral CA1, CA4 and GC-ML-DG, and right CA3. CONCLUSION We propose decreased CA1 volume as a biomarker for dissociative amnesia. We also propose that traumatisation, specifically emotional neglect, is interlinked with dissociative amnesia in having a detrimental effect on hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora I. Dimitrova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie L. Dean
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yolanda R. Schlumpf
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Private Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Littenheid, Switzerland
| | | | - Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Private Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Littenheid, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Chatzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit for Plasticity and Learning of the Healthy Aging Brain, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sima Chalavi
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antje A. T. S. Reinders
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Sarkis RA, Gale SA, Yang HS, Lam AD, Singhal T, Cicero S, Willment K, McGinnis SM. Utility of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Older Adults With Epilepsy and Cognitive Decline. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231160005. [PMID: 36892007 PMCID: PMC10580726 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231160005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
In older adults with cognitive decline and epilepsy, diagnosing the etiology of cognitive decline is challenging. We identified 6 subjects enrolled in the Imaging Dementia-Evidence of Amyloid Imaging Scanning (IDEAS) study and nonlesional epilepsy. Three cognitive neurologists reviewed each case to determine the likelihood of underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Their impressions were compared to amyloid PET findings. In 3 cases the impression was concordant with PET findings. In 2 cases "possibly suggestive," the PET reduced diagnostic uncertainty, with 1 having a PET without elevated amyloid and the other PET with intermediate amyloid. In the remaining case with lack of reviewer concordance, the significance of PET with elevated amyloid remains uncertain. This case series highlights that in individuals with a history of epilepsy and cognitive decline, amyloid PET can be a useful tool in evaluating the etiology of cognitive decline when used in an appropriate context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani A. Sarkis
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice D. Lam
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tarun Singhal
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Cicero
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Willment
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M. McGinnis
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Katiyar P, Singh Rathore A, Banerjee S, Nathani S, Zahra W, Singh SP, Sircar D, Roy P. Wheatgrass extract imparts neuroprotective actions against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8474-8488. [PMID: 35861716 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich and diverse phytoconstituents of wheatgrass have established it as a natural antioxidant and detoxifying agent. The anti-inflammatory potential of wheatgrass has been studied extensively. However, the neuroprotective potential of wheatgrass has not been studied in depth. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective response of wheatgrass against age-related scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Scopolamine is an established anticholinergic drug that demonstrates the behavioural and molecular characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, wheatgrass extracts (prepared from 5 and 7 day old plantlets) were administered to scopolamine-induced memory deficit mice. The Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests demonstrated that wheatgrass treatment improves the behavior and simultaneously enhances the memory of amnesic mice. We further evaluated the expression of neuroinflammation related genes and proteins in the hippocampal region of mice. Wheatgrass significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of neuroprotective markers such as BDNF and CREB in scopolamine-induced mice. Simultaneously, wheatgrass also downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and tau genes in these mice. The treatment of scopolamine-induced memory impaired mice with wheatgrass resulted in an elevation in the level of the phosphorylated form of ERK and Akt proteins. Wheatgrass treatment of mice also regulated the phosphorylation of tau protein and simultaneously prevented its aggregation in the hippocampal region of the brain. Overall, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of wheatgrass in the treatment of age-related memory impairment, possibly through the involvement of ERK/Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway and concomitantly ameliorating the tau-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Katiyar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sandip Nathani
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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7
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Lee SH, Kim KY, Lee JW, Park SJ, Jung JM. Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with transient global amnesia: a propensity-matched cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2022; 7:101-107. [PMID: 34702748 PMCID: PMC9067272 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2021-001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact pathophysiological mechanism of transient global amnesia (TGA) is unknown. It is debatable whether TGA is a risk factor for stroke. Therefore, here we investigated the possibility of TGA as a risk factor for stroke in a real-world setting using large-scale nationwide health claims data. METHODS We used health claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Patients diagnosed with TGA between 2007 and 2013 were selected. We initially extracted patients without TGA who were preferentially matched for age and sex with the patients with TGA at a ratio of 10:1 from the whole dataset. Further, we performed 1:2 propensity score matching analysis to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups. In the propensity score-matched dataset, we performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to investigate the association between TGA and stroke type, including ischaemic, haemorrhagic and all stroke types. RESULTS Patients with TGA (n=14 673) were selected from the NHIS database. After extracting from the whole database (n=140 486) and propensity score matching their data at a 1:2 ratio, a total of 10 448 and 20 442 patients were finally assigned to the TGA and control groups, respectively. The multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the TGA group had a higher risk of ischaemic stroke and all types of stroke (adjusted HR=1.194; 95% CI: 1.043 to 1.368; and HR=1.197; 95% CI: 1.056 to 1.357, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the nationwide claims database showed that TGA could be an important risk factor for stroke, especially for ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hum Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Yeup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jeong Park
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Jung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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8
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Mehan S, Bhalla S, Siddiqui EM, Sharma N, Shandilya A, Khan A. Potential Roles of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Analogues in Dementia Targeting Impaired Insulin Secretion and Neurodegeneration. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 12:31-59. [PMID: 35300067 PMCID: PMC8921673 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s247153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic, irreversible condition marked by memory loss, cognitive decline, and mental instability. It is clinically related to various progressive neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s. The primary cause of neurological disorders is insulin desensitization, demyelination, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation accompanied by various aberrant proteins such as amyloid-β deposits, Lewy bodies accumulation, tau formation leading to neurofibrillary tangles. Impaired insulin signaling is directly associated with amyloid-β and α-synuclein deposition, as well as specific signaling cascades involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin dysfunction may initiate various intracellular signaling cascades, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Neuronal death, inflammation, neuronal excitation, mitochondrial malfunction, and protein deposition are all influenced by insulin. Recent research has focused on GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential therapeutic target. They increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion and are beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress and cytokine production. They reduce the deposition of abnormal proteins by crossing the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of insulin dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, specifically dementia. Additionally, we reviewed the therapeutic target (GLP-1) and its receptor activators as a possible treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: Sidharth Mehan, Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India, Tel +91 8059889909; +91 9461322911, Email ;
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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France G, Volianskis R, Ingram R, Bannister N, Rothärmel R, Irvine MW, Fang G, Burnell ES, Sapkota K, Costa BM, Chopra DA, Dravid SM, Michael-Titus AT, Monaghan DT, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Jane DE, Collingridge GL, Volianskis A. Differential regulation of STP, LTP and LTD by structurally diverse NMDA receptor subunit-specific positive allosteric modulators. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108840. [PMID: 34678377 PMCID: PMC8803579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different types of memory are thought to rely on different types of synaptic plasticity, many of which depend on the activation of the N-Methyl-D Aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the possibility of using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) as cognitive enhancers. Here we firstly review the evidence that NMDA receptor-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity: short-term potentiation (STP), long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) can be pharmacologically differentiated by using NMDAR ligands. These observations suggest that PAMs of NMDAR function, depending on their subtype selectivity, might differentially regulate STP, LTP and LTD. To test this hypothesis, we secondly performed experiments in rodent hippocampal slices with UBP714 (a GluN2A/2B preferring PAM), CIQ (a GluN2C/D selective PAM) and UBP709 (a pan-PAM that potentiates all GluN2 subunits). We report here, for the first time, that: (i) UBP714 potentiates sub-maximal LTP and reduces LTD; (ii) CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP; (iii) UBP709 enhances LTD and decreases LTP. We conclude that PAMs can differentially regulate distinct forms of NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity due to their subtype selectivity. This article is part of the Neuropharmacology Special Issue on ‘Glutamate Receptors – NMDA receptors’. NMDAR-dependent STP, LTP and LTD can be dissociated pharmacologically GluN2A/2B PAM UBP714 potentiates LTP and reduces LTD GluN2C/D PAM CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP NMDAR pan-PAM UBP709 potentiates LTD and reduces LTP
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Affiliation(s)
- G France
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Volianskis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Ingram
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - N Bannister
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Rothärmel
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M W Irvine
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Fang
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E S Burnell
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - K Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - B M Costa
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA & Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - D A Chopra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - S M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - A T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - D T Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - J Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z A Bortolotto
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D E Jane
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G L Collingridge
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Volianskis
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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10
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Atkins JL, Pilling LC, Heales CJ, Savage S, Kuo CL, Kuchel GA, Steffens DC, Melzer D. Hemochromatosis Mutations, Brain Iron Imaging, and Dementia in the UK Biobank Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1203-1211. [PMID: 33427739 PMCID: PMC7990419 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Brain iron deposition occurs in dementia. In European ancestry populations, the HFE p.C282Y variant can cause iron overload and hemochromatosis, mostly in homozygous males.
Objective: To estimate p.C282Y associations with brain MRI features plus incident dementia diagnoses during follow-up in a large community cohort. Methods:
UK Biobank participants with follow-up hospitalization records (mean 10.5 years). MRI in 206 p.C282Y homozygotes versus 23,349 without variants, including T2* measures (lower values indicating more iron).
Results:
European ancestry participants included 2,890 p.C282Y homozygotes. Male p.C282Y homozygotes had lower T2* measures in areas including the putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus, compared to no HFE mutations. Incident dementia was more common in p.C282Y homozygous men (Hazard Ratio HR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.72, p = 0.003), as was delirium. There were no associations in homozygote women or in heterozygotes.
Conclusion:
Studies are needed of whether early iron reduction prevents or slows related brain pathologies in male HFE p.C282Y homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Christine J Heales
- Medical Imaging, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sharon Savage
- Psychology Department, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- Biostatistics Center, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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11
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Serra L, De Simone MS, Fadda L, Perri R, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M, Carlesimo GA. Memory for public events in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: The role of hippocampus and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:131-148. [PMID: 34170071 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current theories assume that retrograde memory deficits for semantic information in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are temporally graded and partially sparing most remote memories. Moreover, these models assume a prevalent role of the hippocampus in early phases of memory consolidation and of the prefrontal mesial neocortical areas in permanent consolidation of traces. PURPOSE To explore the relationship between hippocampus and memory accuracy for the most recent public events and between the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and memory accuracy irrespective of the memory age, we investigated in aMCI patients the retrograde memory for public events and its relationship with grey matter volume reductions in the hippocampus and vmPFC. METHODS 18 aMCI patients and 13 healthy subjects (HS) underwent a modified version of the Famous Events questionnaire (FEq) to assess their memory performance for public events. Patients underwent 3T-MRI scanning to assess correlations between FEq's scores and grey matter volumes. RESULTS aMCI showed significantly reduced performances on FEq compared to HS in the recollection of most recent events, while no significant difference was observed for more remote memories, thus demonstrating a temporal gradient. Moreover, hippocampal volumes predicted accuracy scores for most recent, but not older, public events. Finally, an area in the subcallosal portion of the vmPFC, corresponding to BA32, predicted accuracy scores on FEq irrespective of the period examined. CONCLUSIONS Pathological changes in a neural circuit linking hippocampal to medial prefrontal cortical regions are responsible for impaired recollection of retrograde memories in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Fadda
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Perri
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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12
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Markowitsch HJ. [Memory and memory disorders]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:1164-1165. [PMID: 33123770 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Markowitsch
- Physiologische Psychologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
- , Zum Keltenring 8a, 76530, Baden-Baden, Deutschland.
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13
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14
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Lesman-Segev OH, Edwards L, Rabinovici GD. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Comparison with Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:394-410. [PMID: 32820492 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is challenging due to heterogeneous clinical presentations and overlap with other neurodegenerative dementias. Depending on the clinical presentation, the differential diagnosis of CTE includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychotic disorders. The aim of this article is to compare the clinical aspects, genetics, fluid biomarkers, imaging, treatment, and pathology of CTE to those of AD and bvFTD. A detailed clinical evaluation, neurocognitive assessment, and structural brain imaging can inform the differential diagnosis, while molecular biomarkers can help exclude underlying AD pathology. Prospective studies that include clinicopathological correlations are needed to establish tools that can more accurately determine the cause of neuropsychiatric decline in patients at risk for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit H Lesman-Segev
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Weill Neuroscience Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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15
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Acute amnestic syndromes. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116781. [PMID: 32203745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute amnestic syndromes are usually rare clinical events occurring in emergency situations. Etiological diagnosis can be challenging and underlying causes diverse. They can be transient and totally reversible, or accompanied by other neurological symptoms resulting in serious and irreversible brain damage. Pathophysiology of these syndromes mainly corresponds to structural or functional alteration of memory circuits, including those in the hippocampus. One of the most frequent forms is transient global amnesia (TGA), characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia lasting less than 24 hours, in the absence of other neurological signs or symptoms. Another acute and transient memory disorder is transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), due to focal crisis activity. Stroke injuries occurring at strategic memory-related sites can also present as sudden episodes of amnesia. In addition to neurological etiologies, amnesia may be a symptom of a psychiatric disorder (dissociative amnesia). Traumatic brain injuries, autoimmune encephalitis and acute toxic metabolic disorders can also cause amnesia and should be included among the differential diagnoses. In this review, we summarize the most relevant clinical findings in acute amnestic syndromes, and discuss the different ancillary tests needed to establish a correct diagnosis and management as well the best treatment options. Relevant anatomical and pathophysiological aspects underlying these conditions will be also be presented.
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16
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Staniloiu A, Kordon A, Markowitsch HJ. Stress- and trauma-related blockade of episodic-autobiographical memory processing. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107364. [PMID: 32006541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory disorders without a direct neural substrate still belong to the riddles in neuroscience. Although they were for a while dissociated from research and clinical arenas, risking becoming forgotten diseases, they sparked novel interests, paralleling the refinements in functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Although Endel Tulving has not fully embarked himself on exploring this field, he had published at least one article on functional amnesia (Schacter et al., 1982) and ignited a seminal article on amnesia with mixed etiology (Craver et al., 2014). Most importantly, the research of Endel Tulving has provided the researchers and clinicians in the field of dissociative or functional amnesia with the best framework for superiorly understanding these disorders through the lens of his evolving concept of episodic memory and five long term memory systems classification, which he developed and advanced. Herein we use the classification of long-term memory systems of Endel Tulving as well as his concepts and views on autonoetic consciousness, relationships between memory systems and relationship between episodic memory and emotion to describe six cases of dissociative amnesia that put a challenge for researchers and clinicians due to their atypicality. We then discuss their possible triggering and maintaining mechanisms, pointing to their clinical heterogeneity and multifaceted causally explanatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Staniloiu
- University of Bielefeld, Germany; University of Bucharest, Romania; Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Haubrich J, Bernabo M, Baker AG, Nader K. Impairments to Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Long-Term Memory Maintenance Lead to Memory Erasure. Annu Rev Neurosci 2020; 43:297-314. [PMID: 32097575 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091319-024636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An enduring problem in neuroscience is determining whether cases of amnesia result from eradication of the memory trace (storage impairment) or if the trace is present but inaccessible (retrieval impairment). The most direct approach to resolving this question is to quantify changes in the brain mechanisms of long-term memory (BM-LTM). This approach argues that if the amnesia is due to a retrieval failure, BM-LTM should remain at levels comparable to trained, unimpaired animals. Conversely, if memories are erased, BM-LTM should be reduced to resemble untrained levels. Here we review the use of BM-LTM in a number of studies that induced amnesia by targeting memory maintenance or reconsolidation. The literature strongly suggests that such amnesia is due to storage rather than retrieval impairments. We also describe the shortcomings of the purely behavioral protocol that purports to show recovery from amnesia as a method of understanding the nature of amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Haubrich
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada;
| | - Matteo Bernabo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew G Baker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada;
| | - Karim Nader
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada;
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18
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Aljanabi NM, Mamtani S, Al-Ghuraibawi MMH, Yadav S, Nasr L. Alzheimer's and Hyperglycemia: Role of the Insulin Signaling Pathway and GSK-3 Inhibition in Paving a Path to Dementia. Cureus 2020; 12:e6885. [PMID: 32190448 PMCID: PMC7058396 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this project, we are trying to review the articles that discuss the relationship between insulin signaling and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Another focus of this project is to find the best treatment regimen that can reduce the progression of AD in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. We used Pubmed database to collect our data and used the following keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, insulin signaling pathway, type 3 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin, and insulin resistance in our revision; we included free articles that were published in the last 10 years and excluded articles that were written in any language other than English. We reviewed 68 articles. Forty-nine out of 68 articles were containing materials that are relevant for this project. We found that there is a relation between AD and the insulin signaling pathway. Insulin signaling pathway impairment leads to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which plays a vital role in AD pathology. The effect of insulin on cognition is bidirectional; the intranasal route of insulin showed to have a promising effect on cognition improvement. Subcutaneous and intravenous insulin can increase the risk of dementia. Further studies are encouraged to use a specific anti-diabetic medication that can reduce the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Muneer Aljanabi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sahil Mamtani
- Infectious Diseases Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lebanon, USA
| | | | | | - Lubna Nasr
- Geriatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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19
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Staniloiu A, Kordon A, Markowitsch HJ. Quo vadis 'episodic memory'? - Past, present, and perspective. Neuropsychologia 2020; 141:107362. [PMID: 32014452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term 'episodic memory' was coined by Endel Tulving, who also created a classification in several memory systems. This classification is presented, and it is described which predecessors existed for the partition of memory into systems. The 'episodic memory system' is discussed as being in general equivalent with the 'episodic-autobiographical memory system'. It is seen as an emotionally colorized system. A special paragraph is devoted to the 'perceptual memory system', as this was not included in Tulving's previous schemes of memory systems. More recent sub-categorizations of the 'episodic memory system' are presented and a perspective on the future of the episodic memory system is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Staniloiu
- University of Bielefeld, Germany; University of Bucharest, Romania; Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Abstract
The memory impairment of neurological and psychiatric patients is seen as occurring mainly in the autobiographical-episodic memory domain and this is considered to depend on limbic structures such as the amygdala or the septal nuclei. Especially the amygdala is a hub for giving an emotional flavor to personal memories. Bastin et al. fail to include the amygdala in their integrative memory model.
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21
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Al-Adawi S, Al-Kalbani Y, Panchatcharam SM, Al-Zadjali MA, Al-Adawi SS, Essa MM, Qoronfleh MW. Differential executive functioning in the topology of Spirit possession or dissociative disorders: an explorative cultural study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:379. [PMID: 31791283 PMCID: PMC6889563 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Oman, anecdotal and impressionistic observation have helped parse and categorize various manifestations of spirit possession into two broad and distinct categories: intermittent dissociative phenomenon and transitory dissociative phenomenon. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the performance of participants on neuropsychological tests among different grades of possession. Other correlates were also sought. METHODS Assessment criteria for the two groups included measures examining executive functioning: controlled oral word association test Verbal Fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverative error and the number of categories achieved), Trail Making Test and the Tower of London Test (number of correctly solved problems). Sociodemographic variables and the history of trauma were also sought. RESULT Among 84 participants, one third of them presented the intermittent possession type and two thirds, the transitory possession type. Their mean age was 34.17 ± 11.82 and 56% of them were female. Nearly 35% of them endorsed a history of a traumatic experience. Both the multivariate models showed statistical significance (F (5, 78) = 5.57, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22), F (5, 78) = 11.38, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.39) with an independent predictor of intermittent dissociative phenomenon (β = - 3.408, p < 0.001), (β = 63.88, p < 0.001) for Verbal Fluency and Trail Making Test, respectively. The history of the traumatic event was also statistically significant with the results of the Trail Making Test (β = - 26.01, p < 0.041. Furthermore, the subtype of Pathogenic Possession turned out to be an independent predictor across all models: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test perseverative error, Wisconsin card sorting test categories achieved and the number of problems solved in the Tower of London Test (OR = 3.70, 95% C.I. 2.97-4.61; p < 0.001), (OR = 0.57, 95% C.I.0.39-0.84; p = 0.004) and (OR = 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.65-0.99; p < 0.037) respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that typology of spirit possession found in Oman tends to differ on indices of executive function. Those with 'diagnosis' of intermittent possession showed impairment in many indices of executive functioning. Despite its wide prevalence, spirit possession has not been examined in terms of its neuropsychological functioning. We believe that this study will be instrumental in laying the groundwork for a more robust methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Adawi
- 0000 0001 0726 9430grid.412846.dDepartment of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yahya Al-Kalbani
- 0000 0001 0726 9430grid.412846.dDepartment of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Matlooba Ayoub Al-Zadjali
- 0000 0004 0571 4213grid.415703.4Ministry of Health, Directorate of Non-Communicable Diseases, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Musthafa M. Essa
- 0000 0001 0726 9430grid.412846.dDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- 0000 0001 0516 2170grid.418818.cResearch & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper, I review three 'anomalies' or disorders in autobiographical memory: neurological retrograde amnesia (RA), spontaneous confabulation, and psychogenic amnesia. METHODS Existing theories are reviewed, their limitations considered, some of my own empirical findings briefly described, and possible interpretations proposed and interspersed with illustrative case-reports. RESULTS In RA, there may be an important retrieval component to the deficit, and factors at encoding may give rise to the relative preservation of early memories (and the reminiscence bump) which manifests as a temporal gradient. Spontaneous confabulation appears to be associated with a damaged 'filter' in orbitofrontal and ventromedial frontal regions. Consistent with this, an empirical study has shown that both the initial severity of confabulation and its subsequent decline are associated with changes in the executive function (especially in cognitive estimate errors) and inversely with the quantity of accurate autobiographical memories retrieved. Psychogenic amnesia can be 'global' or 'situation-specific'. The former is associated with a precipitating stress, depressed mood, and (often) a past history of a transient neurological amnesia. In these circumstances, frontal control mechanisms can inhibit retrieval of autobiographical memories, and even the sense of 'self' (identity), while compromised medial temporal function prevents subsequent retrieval of what occurred during a 'fugue'. An empirical investigation of psychogenic amnesia and some recent imaging studies have provided findings consistent with this view. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these various observations point to the importance of frontal 'control' systems (in interaction with medial temporal/hippocampal systems) in the retrieval and, more particularly, the disrupted retrieval of 'old' memories.
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23
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Zago S, Piacquadio E, Monaro M, Orrù G, Sampaolo E, Difonzo T, Toncini A, Heinzl E. The Detection of Malingered Amnesia: An Approach Involving Multiple Strategies in a Mock Crime. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:424. [PMID: 31263432 PMCID: PMC6589901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of amnesia in the context of crime has been the subject of a prolonged debate. It is not uncommon that after committing a violent crime, the offender either does not have any memory of the event or recalls it with some gaps in its recollection. A number of studies have been conducted in order to differentiate between simulated and genuine amnesia. The recognition of probable malingering requires several inferential methods. For instance, it typically involves the defendant's medical records, self-reports, the observed behavior, and the results of a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. In addition, a variety of procedures that may detect very specific malingered amnesia in crime have been developed. In this paper, we investigated the efficacy of three techniques, facial thermography, kinematic analysis, and symptom validity testing in detecting malingering of amnesia in crime. Participants were randomly assigned to two different experimental conditions: a group was instructed to simulate amnesia after a mock homicide, and a second group was simply asked to behave honestly after committing the mock homicide. The outcomes show that kinematic analysis and symptom validity testing achieve significant accuracy in detecting feigned amnesia, while thermal imaging does not provide converging evidence. Results are encouraging and may provide a first step towards the application of these procedures in a multimethod approach on crime-specific cases of amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zago
- U.O.C. Neurologia, IRCSS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Piacquadio
- U.O.C. Neurologia, IRCSS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular & Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Sampaolo
- U.O.C. Neurologia, IRCSS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Teresa Difonzo
- U.O.C. Neurologia, IRCSS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Toncini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Heinzl
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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24
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Episodic Memory Multimodal Learning for Robot Sensorimotor Map Building and Navigation. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2018.2875309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Barragán Martínez D, García Soldevilla M, Parra Santiago A, Tejeiro Martínez J. Enfermedad de Alzheimer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Serra L, Bozzali M, Fadda L, De Simone MS, Bruschini M, Perri R, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. The role of hippocampus in the retrieval of autobiographical memories in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychol 2018; 14:46-68. [PMID: 30451384 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hippocampus and neocortical areas in the retrieval of past memories in pre-dementia Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients was investigated. The aim was to assess whether the hippocampus has a temporary role in memory trace formation, according to the Cortical Reallocation Theory (CRT), or whether it continuously updates and enriches memories, according to the Multiple Trace Theory. According to the former theory, hippocampal damage should affect more recent memories, whereas the association cortex is expected to affect memories of the entire lifespan. In the second case, damage to either the hippocampus or the association cortices should affect memories of the entire lifespan. Seventeen patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment due to AD were submitted to autobiographical (i.e., episodic and semantic personal) memory assessment. Patients underwent MRI for the acquisition of T1-weighted brain volumes. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess correlations between grey matter (GM) volumes and autobiographical memory. Correlation analyses revealed a strict association between GM volumes in the hippocampus and patients' ability to retrieve the most recent but not the oldest autobiographical memories in both aspects, episodic and semantic. Moreover, patients' GM volumes in the pre-frontal and temporal polar areas were associated with recollection of episodic and semantic events, respectively. Finally, GM volumes in the precuneus and occipital cortex were associated with retrieval of the most recent episodic events. These findings indicate that the hippocampus has a specific time-dependent role; thus, they support the CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fadda
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Perri
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
| | - Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
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Chechko N, Stickel S, Kellermann T, Kirner A, Habel U, Fernández G, Schneider F, Kohn N. Progressively analogous evidence of covert face recognition from functional magnetic resonance imaging and skin conductance responses studies involving a patient with dissociative amnesia. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1964-1975. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Chechko
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship; Research Center Juelich and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10); Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Susanne Stickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship; Research Center Juelich and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship; Research Center Juelich and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Andre Kirner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship; Research Center Juelich and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10); Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship; Research Center Juelich and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10); Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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28
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Grande G, Vanacore N, Vetrano DL, Cova I, Rizzuto D, Mayer F, Maggiore L, Ghiretti R, Cucumo V, Mariani C, Cappa SF, Pomati S. Free and cued selective reminding test predicts progression to Alzheimer’s disease in people with mild cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1867-1875. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Fehr T, Staniloiu A, Markowitsch HJ, Erhard P, Herrmann M. Neural correlates of free recall of "famous events" in a "hypermnestic" individual as compared to an age- and education-matched reference group. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29914377 PMCID: PMC6006772 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory performance of an individual (within the age range: 50-55 years old) showing superior memory abilities (protagonist PR) was compared to an age- and education-matched reference group in a historical facts ("famous events") retrieval task. RESULTS Contrasting task versus baseline performance both PR and the reference group showed fMRI activation patterns in parietal and occipital brain regions. The reference group additionally demonstrated activation patterns in cingulate gyrus, whereas PR showed additional widespread activation patterns comprising frontal and cerebellar brain regions. The direct comparison between PR and the reference group revealed larger fMRI contrasts for PR in right frontal, superior temporal and cerebellar brain regions. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that PR generally recruits brain regions as normal memory performers do, but in a more elaborate way, and furthermore, that he applied a memory-strategy that potentially includes executively driven multi-modal transcoding of information and recruitment of implicit memory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Fehr
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. .,University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Center for Advanced Imaging, Universities of Bremen and Magdeburg, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Angelica Staniloiu
- Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Hanse Institute for Advanced Study (HWK), Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Hans J Markowitsch
- Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Hanse Institute for Advanced Study (HWK), Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Peter Erhard
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Center for Advanced Imaging, Universities of Bremen and Magdeburg, Bremen, Germany.,AG in vivo MR, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manfred Herrmann
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Center for Advanced Imaging, Universities of Bremen and Magdeburg, Bremen, Germany
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30
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Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ. United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/5/dmm035055. [PMID: 29784659 PMCID: PMC5992608 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amnesia - the loss of memory function - is often the earliest and most persistent symptom of dementia. It occurs as a consequence of a variety of diseases and injuries. These include neurodegenerative, neurological or immune disorders, drug abuse, stroke or head injuries. It has both troubled and fascinated humanity. Philosophers, scientists, physicians and anatomists have all pursued an understanding of how we learn and memorise, and why we forget. In the last few years, the development of memory engram labelling technology has greatly impacted how we can experimentally study memory and its disorders in animals. Here, we present a concise discussion of what we have learned about amnesia through the manipulation of engrams, and how we may use this knowledge to inform novel treatments of amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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31
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Erkkinen MG, Kim MO, Geschwind MD. Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology of the Major Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a033118. [PMID: 28716886 PMCID: PMC5880171 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a common cause of morbidity and cognitive impairment in older adults. Most clinicians who care for the elderly are not trained to diagnose these conditions, perhaps other than typical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each of these disorders has varied epidemiology, clinical symptomatology, laboratory and neuroimaging features, neuropathology, and management. Thus, it is important that clinicians be able to differentiate and diagnose these conditions accurately. This review summarizes and highlights clinical aspects of several of the most commonly encountered neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and its variants, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and Huntington's disease (HD). For each condition, we provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, defining clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria, relevant imaging and laboratory features, genetics, pathology, treatments, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Erkkinen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Mee-Ohk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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32
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Trevena-Peters J, McKay A, Ponsford J. Activities of daily living retraining and goal attainment during posttraumatic amnesia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1441033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trevena-Peters
- Monash Institute of Cognitive & Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Richmond, Australia
| | - Adam McKay
- Monash Institute of Cognitive & Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Richmond, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- Monash Institute of Cognitive & Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Richmond, Australia
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33
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Staniloiu A, Markowitsch HJ, Kordon A. Psychological causes of autobiographical amnesia: A study of 28 cases. Neuropsychologia 2018; 110:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Staniloiu A, Wahl-Kordon A, Markowitsch HJ. Dissoziative Amnesie und Migration. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Dissoziative Amnesie verläuft unter Umständen chronisch und kann zu lebenslanger Arbeitsunfähigkeit führen. Die Krankheit tritt gehäuft im Zusammenhang mit Migration auf und verläuft dann schwerer als in anderen Fällen. Sie ist im Grunde reversibel, d. h., der Abruf der Gedächtnisinhalte ist nur blockiert. Betroffen sind Patienten, die nicht verarbeitete Stress- und Traumaerlebnisse als Hintergrund haben und dann ein erneutes Stresserlebnis erfahren, welches zum dissoziativen Amnesiezustand führt. Es wird postuliert, dass in erster Linie Patienten betroffen sind, die im neuen Heimatland nicht ausreichend und ihrem Anspruch entsprechend Fuß fassen konnten. Mangelnde Sprachkenntnisse und eine nicht den Erwartungen entsprechende neue Arbeitssituation sind am ehesten als Gründe anzuführen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Staniloiu
- Physiologische Psychologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Oberbergklinik, Hornberg
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35
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Simvastatin ameliorate memory deficits and inflammation in clinical and mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via modulating the expression of miR-106b. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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36
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Chaudhari KS, Tiwari NR, Tiwari RR, Sharma RS. Neurocognitive Effect of Nootropic Drug Brahmi ( Bacopa monnieri) in Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurosci 2017; 24:111-122. [PMID: 28588366 DOI: 10.1159/000475900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. The rapid increase in its incidence has necessitated development of newer drugs. Ayurvedic herbal medications are increasingly researched due to their biosafety profile and usefulness in cognitive impairment. In this article, we critically reviewed one such Medhya Rasayana (nootropic drug) Brahmi-derived from extract of Bacopa monnieri (EBm). Studies have shown that EBm promotes free radical scavenger mechanisms and protects cells in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum against cytotoxicity and DNA damage implicated in AD. It also reduces lipoxygenase activity reducing lipid peroxidation, increases glutathione peroxidase and chelates iron. Administration of EBm was seen to protect the cholinergic neurons and reduce anticholinesterase activity comparable to donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. It also reduces hippocampal β-amyloid deposition and stress-induced hippocampal damage. The neuroprotective effect of EBm is also due to nitric oxide-mediated cerebral vasodilation. EBm improved the total memory score and maximum improvement was seen in logical memory and paired associate learning in humans and reversed phenytoin-induced memory impairment in experimental model. EBm has not shown any serious clinical, neurological, hematological complications, or vital organs damage in experimental studies. Rats showed marked reduction in fertility; however, libido was unaffected. There is no experimental evidence of genotoxicity or teratogenesis by use of EBm. Mild nausea and gastrointestinal upset are seen in humans. Brahmi promises to be a novel agent in AD; however, further human trials are recommended to verify the efficacy and rule out any side effects as evidenced by the experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh S Chaudhari
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Samhita Siddhanta (Ayurveda), Kamaladevi Gauridutt Mittal Ayurvedic Hospital and College, Mumbai, India
| | - Nishant R Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Rakesh R Tiwari
- Department of Samhita Siddhanta (Ayurveda), Kamaladevi Gauridutt Mittal Ayurvedic Hospital and College, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohan S Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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37
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Ramirez-Gomez L, Zheng L, Reed B, Kramer J, Mungas D, Zarow C, Vinters H, Ringman JM, Chui H. Neuropsychological Profiles Differentiate Alzheimer Disease from Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in an Autopsy-Defined Cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2017; 44:1-11. [PMID: 28595184 PMCID: PMC5789445 DOI: 10.1159/000477344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the ability of neuropsychological tests to differentiate autopsy-defined Alzheimer disease (AD) from subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). METHODS From a sample of 175 cases followed longitudinally that underwent autopsy, we selected 23 normal controls (NC), 20 SIVD, 69 AD, and 10 mixed cases of dementia. Baseline neuropsychological tests, including Memory Assessment Scale word list learning test, control oral word association test, and animal fluency, were compared between the three autopsy-defined groups. RESULTS The NC, SIVD, and AD groups did not differ by age or education. The SIVD and AD groups did not differ by the Global Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Subjects with AD performed worse on delayed recall (p < 0.01). A receiver operating characteristics analysis comparing the SIVD and AD groups including age, education, difference between categorical (animals) versus phonemic fluency (letter F), and the first recall from the word learning test distinguished the two groups with a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 67%, and positive likelihood ratio of 2.57 (AUC = 0.789, 95% CI 0.69-0.88, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In neuropathologically defined subgroups, neuropsychological profiles have modest ability to distinguish patients with AD from those with SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Zheng
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Chris Zarow
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Helena Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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38
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Friedland D, Swash M. Post-traumatic amnesia and confusional state: hazards of retrospective assessment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:1068-74. [PMID: 26888959 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective assessment of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) must take into account factors other than traumatic brain injury (TBI) which may impact on memory both at the time of injury and subsequent to the injury. These include analgesics, anaesthesia required for surgery, and the development of acute or post-traumatic stress disorder. This is relevant in clinical and medicolegal settings. Repeated assessments of the post-injury state, involving tests for continuing amnesia, risk promoting recall of events suggested by the examiner, or generating confabulations. The PTA syndrome affects the categorical autobiographical memory, and is accompanied by confusion as an essential component; this should be suspected from the initial or early Glasgow Coma Scale score (13-14/15) if not directly recorded by clinical staff. PTA by itself is only one of several indices of severity of TBI. The nature of the head injury, including observers' accounts, clinical and neuroimaging data, the possible role of other external injuries, blood loss, acute stress disorder and the potential for hypoxic brain injury, must be taken into account as well as concomitant alcohol or substance abuse, and systemic shock. A plausible mechanism for a TBI must be demonstrable, and other causes of amnesia excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Swash
- The London Independent Hospital, London, UK Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL at the Royal London Hospital, London, UK Institute of Neuroscience, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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39
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Deconstructing the process of change in cognitive behavioral therapy: An alternative approach focusing on the episodic retrieval mode. Behav Brain Sci 2016; 38:e26. [PMID: 26050690 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x14000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lane et al. view the process of memory reconsolidation as a main ingredient of psychotherapeutic change. They ascertain that in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) high priority is given to the "semantic structure." We argue that memory-related mechanisms of change in CBT are more nuanced than the target article presents. Furthermore, we propose to partially shift the focus from the process of reconsolidation to the retrieval operations.
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40
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Lin SK, Yan SH, Lai JN, Tsai TH. Patterns of Chinese medicine use in prescriptions for treating Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan. Chin Med 2016; 11:12. [PMID: 27028311 PMCID: PMC4810525 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain Chinese medicine (CM) herbs and acupuncture may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of research regarding the use of CM in patients with AD. The aim of this study was to investigate CM usage patterns in patients with AD, and identify the Chinese herbal formulae most commonly used for AD. METHODS This retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using a randomly sampled cohort of one million patients, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2008 in Taiwan. CM use and the top ten most frequently prescribed formulae for treating AD were assessed, including average formulae dose and frequency of prescriptions. Demographic characteristics, including sex, age and insurance level were examined, together with geographic location. Existing medical conditions with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and medications associated with CM were also examined. Factors associated with CM use were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The cohort included 1137 newly diagnosed AD patients, who were given conventional treatment for AD between 1997 and 2008. Among them, 78.2 % also used CM treatments, including Chinese herbal remedies, acupuncture and massage manipulation. Female patients (aOR 1.57 with 95 % CI 1.16-2.13) and those living in urban areas (aOR 3.00 with 95 % CI 1.83-4.90 in the middle of Taiwan) were more likely to use CM. After adjusting for demographic factors, AD patients suffering from the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were more likely to seek CM treatment than those with no symptoms (aOR 2.26 with 95 % CI 1.48-3.43 in patients suffering more than three symptoms). Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang and Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan were the two formulae most frequently prescribed by CM practitioners for treating AD. CONCLUSION Most people with AD who consumed herbal products used supplement qi, nourish the blood, and quiet the heart spirit therapy as complementary medicines to relieve AD-related symptoms, in addition to using standard anti-AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ku Lin
- />Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Hing Yan
- />Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- />The Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- />School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- />Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Abstract
Retrograde amnesia is described as condition which can occur after direct brain damage, but which occurs more frequently as a result of a psychiatric illness. In order to understand the amnesic condition, content-based divisions of memory are defined. The measurement of retrograde memory is discussed and the dichotomy between "organic" and "psychogenic" retrograde amnesia is questioned. Briefly, brain damage-related etiologies of retrograde amnesia are mentioned. The major portion of the review is devoted to dissociative amnesia (also named psychogenic or functional amnesia) and to the discussion of an overlap between psychogenic and "brain organic" forms of amnesia. The "inability of access hypothesis" is proposed to account for most of both the organic and psychogenic (dissociative) patients with primarily retrograde amnesia. Questions such as why recovery from retrograde amnesia can occur in retrograde (dissociative) amnesia, and why long-term new learning of episodic-autobiographic episodes is possible, are addressed. It is concluded that research on retrograde amnesia research is still in its infancy, as the neural correlates of memory storage are still unknown. It is argued that the recollection of episodic-autobiographic episodes most likely involves frontotemporal regions of the right hemisphere, a region which appears to be hypometabolic in patients with dissociative amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Markowitsch
- Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - A Staniloiu
- Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Tajadini H, Saifadini R, Choopani R, Mehrabani M, Kamalinejad M, Haghdoost AA. Herbal medicine Davaie Loban in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:767-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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43
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Ronsoni MF, Remor AP, Lopes MW, Hohl A, Troncoso IHZ, Leal RB, Boos GL, Kondageski C, Nunes JC, Linhares MN, Lin K, Latini AS, Walz R. Mitochondrial Respiration Chain Enzymatic Activities in the Human Brain: Methodological Implications for Tissue Sampling and Storage. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:880-91. [PMID: 26586405 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes enzymatic (MRCCE) activities were successfully evaluated in frozen brain samples. Epilepsy surgery offers an ethical opportunity to study human brain tissue surgically removed to treat drug resistant epilepsies. Epilepsy surgeries are done with hemodynamic and laboratory parameters to maintain physiology, but there are no studies analyzing the association among these parameters and MRCCE activities in the human brain tissue. We determined the intra-operative parameters independently associated with MRCCE activities in middle temporal neocortex (Cx), amygdala (AMY) and head of hippocampus (HIP) samples of patients (n = 23) who underwent temporal lobectomy using multiple linear regressions. MRCCE activities in Cx, AMY and HIP are differentially associated to trans-operative mean arterial blood pressure, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, and anesthesia duration to time of tissue sampling. The time-course between the last seizure occurrence and tissue sampling as well as the sample storage to biochemical assessments were also associated with enzyme activities. Linear regression models including these variables explain 13-17 % of MRCCE activities and show a moderate to strong effect (r = 0.37-0.82). Intraoperative hemodynamic and laboratory parameters as well as the time from last seizure to tissue sampling and storage time are associated with MRCCE activities in human samples from the Cx, AMYG and HIP. Careful control of these parameters is required to minimize confounding biases in studies using human brain samples collected from elective neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fernando Ronsoni
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mark William Lopes
- Laboratório de Transdução de Sinal no Sistema Nervoso Central, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hohl
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Iris H Z Troncoso
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bainy Leal
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Laboratório de Transdução de Sinal no Sistema Nervoso Central, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luchi Boos
- Centro de Ensino e Treinamento Integrado de Anestesiologia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Charles Kondageski
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Divisão de Neurocirurgia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jean Costa Nunes
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropatologia, Serviço de Patologia, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Neves Linhares
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Serviço de Cirurgia de Epilepsia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kátia Lin
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, 3 andar, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Susana Latini
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger Walz
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas, Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. .,Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, 3 andar, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-970, Brazil.
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Daneschvar HL, Aronson MD, Smetana GW. Do statins prevent Alzheimer's disease? A narrative review. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:666-9. [PMID: 26342722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and occurs commonly in patients 65 and older. There is an urgent need to find an effective management that could help prevent or at least slow down the progress of this major public health problem. Cholesterol related pathways might play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) has been suggested to promote the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss potential pathogenetic pathways for the development of Alzheimer's disease and review the evidence regarding the value of statins as a strategy to prevent or delay progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun L Daneschvar
- Harvard Medical School, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Shapiro 621C, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Mark D Aronson
- Harvard Medical School, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Gerald W Smetana
- Harvard Medical School, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
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45
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Design and integration of a spatio-temporal memory with emotional influences to categorize and recall the experiences of an autonomous mobile robot. Auton Robots 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10514-015-9496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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FDG-PET Contributions to the Pathophysiology of Memory Impairment. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:326-55. [PMID: 26319237 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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The nature of the semantic/episodic memory distinction: A missing piece of the “working through” process. Behav Brain Sci 2015; 38:e9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x14000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe relations between the semantic and episodic-autobiographical memory systems are more complex than described in the target article. We argue that understanding the noetic/autonoetic distinction provides critical insights into the foundation of the delineation between the two memory systems. Clarity with respect to the criteria for classification of these two systems, and the evolving conceptualization of episodic memory, can further neuroscientifically informed therapeutic approaches.
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48
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Luoto TM, Iverson GL, Losoi H, Wäljas M, Tenovuo O, Kataja A, Brander A, Öhman J. Clinical correlates of retrograde amnesia in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2015; 29:565-72. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.1002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Infarction in the pars libera of the column of fornix including pre (cholinergic)- and post (circuit of Papez fiber tracts)-commissural fibers causes "basal forebrain" amnesia. Neuroradiology 2015; 57:757-9. [PMID: 25732199 PMCID: PMC4495264 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-015-1504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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DE SOUZA RL, THAIS ME, CAVALLAZZI G, PAIM DIAZ A, SCHWARZBOLD ML, NAU AL, RODRIGUES GM, SOUZA DS, HOHL A, WALZ R. Side of pupillary mydriasis predicts the cognitive prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:392-405. [PMID: 25678229 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupils' abnormalities are associated to bad prognosis in traumatic brain injury. We investigated the association between the side of pupil mydriasis and the long-term cognitive performance of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We analyzed the cognitive performance of patients admitted at the intensive care unit with isochoric pupils (IP, n = 28), left mydriasis (LM, n = 10), right mydriasis (RM, n = 9) evaluated in mean 2.5 years after the severe TBI and controls (n = 26) matched for age, sex and education level. RESULTS Patients and controls had similar scores in the four WAIS-III investigated subtests. In comparison with controls, LM patients had lower scores in Letters and Category Fluency and IP patients in Category Fluency. Among the 10 evaluated memory tests, LM patients had lower scores than controls in eight, RM patients in two and IP in three memory tests. IP and RM were 3.5 to nine times more associated to significant impairment (cognitive scores under the percentile 10 of controls) in six of 16 investigated cognitive tests. LM was six to 15 times more associated to significant impairment in 10 of 16 cognitive tests. The association among the pupil abnormalities and cognitive performances remained significant after the multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, admission coma Glasgow scale and serum glucose, presence of associated trauma, and cranial computed tomography abnormalities. CONCLUSION Side of admission pupil abnormalities may be a useful variable to improve prognostic models for long-term cognitive performance in severe TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. DE SOUZA
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; HU; UFSC; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - M. E. THAIS
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - G. CAVALLAZZI
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - A. PAIM DIAZ
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - M. L. SCHWARZBOLD
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - A. L. NAU
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - G. M. RODRIGUES
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - D. S. SOUZA
- Serviço de Neurocirurgia; HGCR; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - A. HOHL
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - R. WALZ
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp); Hospital Universitário (HU); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica; HU; UFSC; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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