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De Jong A, Penne C, Kapandji N, Touaibia M, Laatar C, Penne M, Carr J, Pouzeratte Y, Jaber S. Determinants of information provided by anaesthesiologists to relatives of patients during surgical procedures. BJA OPEN 2023; 7:100205. [PMID: 37638078 PMCID: PMC10457491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Data and interventions are lacking for family-centred perioperative care in adults. Perioperative information given to relatives by nurses or surgeons is associated with improved satisfaction and fewer symptoms of anxiety for relatives and the patient themselves. However, the frequency of the provision of information by anaesthesiologists to patients' relatives during surgery has never been reported. Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to French anaesthesiologists in October 2020 to inquire how often they provided information to patients' family members during surgery and what factors led to them providing information frequently (i.e. in more than half of cases). Results Among 607 anaesthesiologists, 53% (319/607) were male, with median age 47 (36-60) yr and nearly half (43%, 260/607) reported more than 20 years of clinical experience; most responders (96%, 580/607) mainly treated adults. Forty-nine (8%) anaesthesiologists declared that they frequently provide information to relatives during surgery. After multivariate analysis, age >50 yr, female gender, and paediatric practice were associated with providing information more frequently. Reasons for not providing information included a lack of time and dedicated space to talk to relatives. Urgent surgery or surgery lasting >2 h were identified as factors associated with provision of information to relatives. Conclusions Giving information to relatives during surgery is not a common practice among anaesthesiologists. It depends on individual anaesthesiologists' personal characteristics and practice. Information during surgery could be provided systematically in situations identified as being the most important by anaesthesiologists in our survey. By creating new pathways of information, we could reduce stress and anxiety of patients and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey De Jong
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, France
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Penne
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Kapandji
- GRC 29, AP-HP, DMU DREAM, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Maha Touaibia
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Chahir Laatar
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Michaela Penne
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Carr
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Yvan Pouzeratte
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Jaber
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, France
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
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Ho A, Leach E, Virani A, Arbour L, Bartels K, Wong EK. Cascade testing for inherited arrhythmia conditions: Experiences and attitudes of family communication approaches for a Canadian cohort. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:815-828. [PMID: 35032083 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inherited arrhythmia conditions (IAC) can lead to sudden cardiac death at any age, and relatives of an affected person have up to a 50% chance of inheriting the condition and are at risk for developing features. Cascade testing is a stepwise approach for identifying relatives at risk for IACs through clinical screening and genetic testing. Early detection can reduce morbidity and mortality for affected individuals and determine potential risk mitigation strategies for relatives. However, cardiovascular genetic studies have reported an incomplete uptake of cascade testing in at-risk relatives. We explored patient perspectives on cascade testing for IACs and alternative approaches to family communication. Twelve semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with probands of the British Columbia Inherited Arrhythmia Program confirmed to carry a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a gene associated with an IAC. Thematic analysis of transcripts through an iterative coding process revealed five main themes: (a) a stepwise approach is followed in disclosing risk to relatives, (b) relatives' autonomy in cascade testing is supported, (c) lived experience with the condition influences disclosure and uptake of cascade testing, (d) collaborative approach to informing relatives reduces negative impact of disclosure, and (e) direct contact from a healthcare provider is viewed as acceptable. The findings highlight this patient cohort's experiences and opinions with approaches to disclosure and demonstrate their understanding and acceptance of their relatives' approaches to cascade testing. In addition, while the notion of direct contact was generally accepted, a collaborative approach to contacting relatives between the proband and provider may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ho
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Leach
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Inherited Arrhythmia Program, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice Virani
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Clinical Ethics Service, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirsten Bartels
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Inherited Arrhythmia Program, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eugene K Wong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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van den Heuvel LM, Maeckelberghe ELM, Ploem MC, Christiaans I. A genetic researcher's devil's dilemma: Warn relatives about their genetic risk or respect confidentiality agreements with research participants? BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:155. [PMID: 34814911 PMCID: PMC8609755 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With advances in sequencing technologies, increasing numbers of people are being informed about a genetic disease identified in their family. In current practice, probands (the first person in a family in whom a genetic predisposition is identified) are asked to inform at-risk relatives about the diagnosis. However, previous research has shown that relatives are sometimes not informed due to barriers such as family conflicts. Research on family communication in genetic diseases aims to explore the difficulties encountered in informing relatives and to identify ways to support probands in this. MAIN BODY Research on family communication may also reveal that participants did not inform their relatives about the risk of a serious genetic condition, even when preventive and treatment options are available. Researchers may then face a dilemma: Do they need to warn at-risk relatives about the finding? Or do they keep silent due to prior confidentiality agreements with study participants? CONCLUSIONS We believe that the absolute confidence promised to research participants outweighs the interests of their relatives, even though it can be claimed that relatives at risk of a genetic disease do, in principle, have a right to know information collected about their health. Not respecting confidentiality agreements could cause distrust between researchers and research participants and possibly harm the relationship between probands and relatives. Relatives' health interests can still be taken into account without jeopardizing participant trust, by considering alternative scenarios, including sharing general study findings on the barriers participants experience with their healthcare professionals and by offering participants psychosocial support for family communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke M van den Heuvel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht/University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Els L M Maeckelberghe
- Institute for Medical Education, University Medical Center Groningen/Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Corrette Ploem
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Imke Christiaans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen/Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Caenazzo L, Tozzo P, Dierickx K. New Frontiers and Old Challenges: How to Manage Incidental Findings When Forensic Diagnosis Goes Beyond. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090731. [PMID: 32971910 PMCID: PMC7555971 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidental findings (IFs) are well known in medical research and clinical practice as unexpected findings having potential health or reproductive importance for an individual. IFs are discovered under different contexts but do not fall within the aim of a study, and/or are unanticipated or unintentionally revealed, and/or are not the specific focus or target of the particular research or clinical query. Today, in forensic settings, we can consider as incidental findings all the information that is neither related to the cause of death nor to the dynamic of the event or the scope of the forensic investigation. The question whether and how professionals should consider traditional values as guiding notions in the reporting of IFs in the context of forensic assessments is the focus of this article. We propose a descriptive analysis, which focuses on the forensic field, describing forensic situations in which IFs may occur, and whether and to whom they may be disclosed. Some considerations will be provided regarding forensic experts concerning their moral commitment to warn relatives about IFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Caenazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Pamela Tozzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498-272-234
| | - Kris Dierickx
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine—KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Incidental findings in forensics: are we sure that it is a question easy to deal with? Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:591-592. [PMID: 32935146 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Professional duties are now considered legal duties of care within genomic medicine. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1301-1304. [PMID: 32514131 PMCID: PMC7609317 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The legal duty to protect patient confidentiality is common knowledge amongst healthcare professionals. However, what may not be widely known, is that this duty is not always absolute. In the United Kingdom, both the General Medical Council governing the practice of all doctors, as well as many other professional codes of practice recognise that, under certain circumstances, it may be appropriate to break confidentiality. This arises when there is a wider duty to protect the health of others, and when the risk of non-disclosure outweighs the potential harm from breaking confidentiality. We discuss this situation specifically in relation to genomic medicine where relatives in a family may have differing views on the sharing of familial genetic information. Overruling a patient’s wishes is predicated on balancing the duty of care towards the patient versus protecting their relative from serious harm. We discuss the practice implications of a pivotal legal case that concluded recently in the High Court of Justice in England and Wales, ABC v St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust & Ors. Professional guidance is already clear that genetic healthcare professionals must undertake a balancing exercise to weigh up contradictory duties of care. However, the judge has provided a new legal weighting to these professional duties: ‘The scope of the duty extends not only to conducting the necessary balancing exercise but also to acting in accordance with its outcome’ [1: 189]. In the context of genomic medicine, this has important consequences for clinical practice.
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Muflih S, Al-Husein BA, Karasneh R, Alzoubi KH. Physicians' Attitudes and Ethical Obligations to Pharmacogenetic Testing. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:249-258. [PMID: 32210569 PMCID: PMC7071873 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s245369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the increased utilization of pharmacogenetic (PGt) testing to guide drug therapy, little is known about the ethical challenges posed by the use of these genetic tools. METHODS This cross-sectional study aimed to address ethical issues related to ancillary genetic information, consent forms, and potential confidentiality breaches from physicians' perspectives. A questionnaire was administered to all practicing physicians working in KAUH. RESULTS Almost 49% and 65% of physicians were willing to recommend PGt testing for adult and pediatric patients, respectively. The findings showed that physicians attitudes towards the clinical utility of PGt testing became more preceptive. The majority (73.7%) indicated that PGt testing should not be treated as other routine laboratory tests. The finding also focused on potential conflicts regarding ancillary genetic information, in which 78.8% indicated that they would like to preserve the confidentiality and privacy of the patients and only 14.4% of physicians did not feel obligated to let patients know about any future risk that might be uncovered using PGt testing. The findings showed that collecting both verbal and written consents was imperative prior to testing. Seriousness and predictability of the diseases were reported to be legitimate circumstances that allow disclosure of genetic information. DISCUSSION Unless the field of PGt testing addresses the ethical challenges that might be encountered during PGt treatment, these issues might influence its acceptance in routine clinical settings. Establishing a minimal set of ethical standards may help emphasize the role of physicians and thus facilitate the implementation of PGt tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib Muflih
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Belal A Al-Husein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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