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Lee M, Yoo JH, Kim I, Kang S, Lee W, Kim S, Han KS. The compartment-specific manipulation of the NAD +/NADH ratio affects the metabolome and the function of glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20575. [PMID: 39232046 PMCID: PMC11375122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of cancer in the brain and has an inferior prognosis because of the lack of suitable medicine, largely due to its tremendous invasion. GBM has selfish metabolic pathways to promote migration, invasion, and proliferation compared to normal cells. Among various metabolic pathways, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is essential in generating ATP and is used as a resource for cancer cells. LbNOX (Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase) is an enzyme that can directly manipulate the NAD+/NADH ratio. In this study, we found that an increased NAD+/NADH ratio by LbNOX or mitoLbNOX reduced intracellular glutamate and calcium responses and reduced invasion capacity in GBM. However, the invasion was not affected in GBM by rotenone, an ETC (Electron Transport Chain) complex I inhibitor, or nicotinamide riboside, a NAD+ precursor, suggesting that the crucial factor is the NAD+/NADH ratio rather than the absolute quantity of ATP or NAD+ for the invasion of GBM. To develop a more accurate and effective GBM treatment, our findings highlight the importance of developing a new medicine that targets the regulation of the NAD+/NADH ratio, given the current lack of effective treatment options for this brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinbeom Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liu X, Wan Z, Chen K, Yan Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhao R, Pei J, Zhang L, Sun S, Li J, Chen X, Xin Q, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang H, Liu C, Mu X, Zhang XD. Mated-Atom Nanozymes with Efficient Assisted NAD + Replenishment for Skin Regeneration. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38619329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) within biological organisms is closely associated with many diseases. It remains a challenge to efficiently convert superfluous and detrimental NADH to NAD+. NADH oxidase (NOX) is a crucial oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. Herein, M1M2 (Mi=V/Mn/Fe/Co/Cu/Mo/Rh/Ru/Pd, i = 1 or 2) mated-atom nanozymes (MANs) are designed by mimicking natural enzymes with polymetallic active centers. Excitingly, RhCo MAN possesses excellent and sustainable NOX-like activity, with Km-NADH (16.11 μM) being lower than that of NOX-mimics reported so far. Thus, RhCo MAN can significantly promote the regeneration of NAD+ and regulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype through down-regulation of TLR4 expression, which may help to recover skin regeneration. However, RhRu MAN with peroxidase-like activity and RhMn MAN with superoxide dismutase-like activity exhibit little modulating effects on eczema. This work provides a new strategy to inhibit skin inflammation and promote skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhen Wan
- Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Miaoyu Wang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruoli Zhao
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiahui Pei
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinzhu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaofang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuangjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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3
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Liu XX, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Lu YF, Dong ZX, Yue C, Huang XQ, Zhang SP, Li DD, Yao LG, Tang CD. Engineering Escherichia coli for high-yielding 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine synthesis from L-Threonine by reconstructing metabolic pathways and enhancing cofactors regeneration. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38500189 PMCID: PMC10949639 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) is important pharmaceutical raw material and food flavoring agent. Recently, engineering microbes to produce 2,5-DMP has become an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis approach. In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were used to optimize the modified Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain for efficient synthesis of 2,5-DMP using L-threonine dehydrogenase (EcTDH) from Escherichia coli BL21, NADH oxidase (EhNOX) from Enterococcus hirae, aminoacetone oxidase (ScAAO) from Streptococcus cristatus and L-threonine transporter protein (EcSstT) from Escherichia coli BL21, respectively. We further optimized the reaction conditions for synthesizing 2,5-DMP. In optimized conditions, the modified strain can convert L-threonine to obtain 2,5-DMP with a yield of 2897.30 mg/L. Therefore, the strategies used in this study contribute to the development of high-level cell factories for 2,5-DMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan, 473300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Lu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xing Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Pu Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan, 473300, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Chen S, Zhou J, Gu X, Ni Y. A comparative study of two aldehyde dehydrogenases from Sphingobium sp.: the substrate spectrum and catalytic mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1269-1278. [PMID: 38258380 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic oxidation is one of the most important and indispensable organic reactions for the development of green and sustainable biomanufacturing processes. NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Here, two ALDHs, SpALDH1 and SpALDH2, were identified from Sphingobium sp. SYK-6. They belong to different ALDH families and share only 32.30% amino acid identity. Interestingly, SpALDH1 and SpALDH2 exhibit significantly different enzymatic properties and substrate profiles. SpALDH2 has better thermostability than SpALDH1. SpALDH1 is a metalloenzyme and is activated by potassium ions, while SpALDH2 is not metallic-dependent. Compared with SpALDH1, SpALDH2 has a relatively broad substrate spectrum toward aromatic aldehydes. Based on homology modeling and molecular docking analysis, mechanisms underlying the substrate specificity of ALDHs were elucidated. For both ALDHs, hydrophobicity of substrate binding pockets is important for the catalytic properties, especially substrate specificity. Notably, optimization of the flexible loop 444-457 reforms a hydrogen bond between pyridine substrates and SpALDH1, contributing to the high catalytic activity. Finally, a coupling reaction catalyzed by ALDHs and NOX was constructed for efficient production of aromatic carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Russmayer H, Ergoth S, Marx H, Sauer M. Process engineering towards an oxidative cellular state improves 3-hydroxypropionic acid production with Lentilactobacillus diolivorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129160. [PMID: 37178779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is among the top platform chemicals proposed for bio based production by microbial fermentation from renewable resources. A promising renewable substrate for 3-HP production is crude glycerol. Only a few microorganisms can efficiently convert glycerol to 3-HP. Among the most promising organisms is Lentilactobacillus diolivorans. In this study, an already established fed-batch process, accumulating 28 g/L 3-HP, was used as a starting point for process engineering. The engineering approaches focused on modulating the cellular redox household towards a more oxidized state, as these conditions favour 3-HP production. Variations of oxygen and glucose availability (controlled by the glucose/glycerol ratio in the feed medium) individually already improved 3-HP production. However, the combination of both optimal parameters (30% O2, 0.025 mol/mol glu/gly) led to the production of 67.7 g/L 3-HP after 180 h of cultivation, which is so far the highest titer reported for 3-HP production using Lactobacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Russmayer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Ergoth
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Kanter JP, Honold PJ, Lüke D, Heiles S, Spengler B, Fraatz MA, Harms C, Ley JP, Zorn H, Hammer AK. An enzymatic tandem reaction to produce odor-active fatty aldehydes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6095-6107. [PMID: 36040487 PMCID: PMC9468042 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aldehydes represent a versatile and favored class of flavoring substances. A biocatalytic access to odor-active aldehydes was developed by conversion of fatty acids with two enzymes of the α-dioxygenase pathway. The recombinant enzymes α-dioxygenase (α-DOX) originating from Crocosphaera subtropica and fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) from Vibrio harveyi were heterologously expressed in E. coli, purified, and applied in a coupled (tandem) repetitive reaction. The concept was optimized in terms of number of reaction cycles and production yields. Up to five cycles and aldehyde yields of up to 26% were achieved. Afterward, the approach was applied to sea buckthorn pulp oil as raw material for the enzyme catalyzed production of flavoring/fragrance ingredients based on complex aldehyde mixtures. The most abundant fatty acids in sea buckthorn pulp oil, namely palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acid, were used as substrates for further biotransformation experiments. Various aldehydes were identified, semi-quantified, and sensorially characterized by means of headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS–O). Structural validation of unsaturated aldehydes in terms of double-bond positions was performed by multidimensional high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments of their Paternò–Büchi (PB) photoproducts. Retention indices and odor impressions of inter alia (Z,Z)-5,8-tetradecadienal (Z,Z)-6,9-pentadecadienal, (Z)-8-pentadecenal, (Z)-4-tridecenal, (Z)-6-pentadecenal, and (Z)-8-heptadecenal were determined for the first time. Key points • Coupled reaction of Csα-DOX and VhFALDH yields chain-shortened fatty aldehydes. • Odors of several Z-unsaturated fatty aldehydes are described for the first time. • Potential for industrial production of aldehyde-based odorants from natural sources. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12134-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Kanter
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakob Honold
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Lüke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco Alexander Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Jakob Peter Ley
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Klaus Hammer
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
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7
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Shin K, Kang S, Lee T, Kim T, Oh D. Pentadecanedioic acid production from 15‐hydroxypentadecanoic acid using an engineered biocatalyst with a co‐factor regeneration system. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Chul Shin
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Hwan Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Eui Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
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8
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Burnett JWH, Chen H, Li J, Li Y, Huang S, Shi J, McCue AJ, Howe RF, Minteer SD, Wang X. Supported Pt Enabled Proton-Driven NAD(P) + Regeneration for Biocatalytic Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20943-20952. [PMID: 35482431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of biocatalytic oxidations has evolved from the niche applications of the early 21st century to a widely recognized tool for general chemical synthesis. One of the major drawbacks that hinders commercialization is the dependence on expensive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)+) cofactors, and so, their regeneration is essential. Here, we report the design of carbon-supported Pt catalysts that can regenerate NAD(P)+ by proton-driven NAD(P)H oxidation with concurrent hydrogen formation. The carbon support was modified to tune the electronic nature of the Pt nanoparticles, and it was found that the best catalyst for NAD(P)+ regeneration (TOF = 581 h-1) was electron-rich Pt on carbon. Finally, the heterogeneous Pt catalyst was applied in the biocatalytic oxidation of a variety of alcohols catalyzed by different alcohol dehydrogenases. The Pt catalyst exhibited good compatibility with the biocatalytic system. Its NAD(P)+ regeneration function successfully supported biocatalytic conversion from alcohols to corresponding ketone or lactone products. This work provides a promising strategy for chemical synthesis via NAD(P)+-dependent pathways utilizing a cooperative inorganic-enzymatic catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W H Burnett
- Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jianwei Li
- Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Shouying Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Jiafu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alan J McCue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Russell F Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
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9
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Jia Q, Zheng YC, Li HP, Qian XL, Zhang ZJ, Xu JH. Engineering Isopropanol Dehydrogenase for Efficient Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0034122. [PMID: 35442081 PMCID: PMC9088361 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00341-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive options for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration due to its low cost and simple downstream processing. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application for bioconversions. In this study, we simultaneously improved the thermostability (433-fold) and catalytic activity (3.3-fold) of IPADH from Brucella suis via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H) by 1.23 × 106-fold. When these variants were employed in three typical bioredox reactions to drive the synthesis of important chiral pharmaceutical building blocks, they outperformed the commonly used cofactor regeneration systems (glucose dehydrogenase [GDH], formate dehydrogenase [FDH], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) with respect to efficiency of cofactor regeneration. Overall, our study provides two promising IPADH variants with complementary cofactor specificities that have great potential for wide applications. IMPORTANCE Oxidoreductases represent one group of the most important biocatalysts for synthesis of various chiral synthons. However, their practical application was hindered by the expensive nicotinamide cofactors used. Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive biocatalysts for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application. In this work, the thermostability and catalytic activity of an IPADH were simultaneously improved via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H). The resultant variants show great potential for regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors, and the engineering strategy might serve as a useful approach for future engineering of other oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Suzhou Bioforany EnzyTech Co., Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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10
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Genetically encoded probiotic EcN 1917 alleviates alcohol-induced acute liver injury and restore gut microbiota homeostasis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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11
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Efficient 1-Hydroxy-2-Butanone Production from 1,2-Butanediol by Whole Cells of Engineered E. coli. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Hydroxy-2-butanone (HB) is a key intermediate for anti-tuberculosis pharmaceutical ethambutol. Commercially available HB is primarily obtained by the oxidation of 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BD) using chemical catalysts. In present study, seven enzymes including diol dehydrogenases, secondary alcohol dehydrogenases and glycerol dehydrogenase were chosen to evaluate their abilities in the conversion of 1,2-BD to HB. The results showed that (2R, 3R)- and (2S, 3S)-butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) from Serratia sp. T241 could efficiently transform (R)- and (S)-1,2-BD into HB respectively. Furthermore, two biocatalysts co-expressing (2R, 3R)-/(2S, 3S)-BDH, NADH oxidase and hemoglobin protein in Escherichia coli were developed to convert 1,2-BD mixture into HB, and the transformation conditions were optimized. Maximum HB yield of 341.35 and 188.80 mM could be achieved from 440 mM (R)-1,2-BD and 360 mM (S)-1,2-BD by E. coli (pET-rrbdh-nox-vgb) and E. coli (pET-ssbdh-nox-vgb) under the optimized conditions. In addition, two biocatalysts showed the ability in chiral resolution of 1,2-BD isomers, and 135.68 mM (S)-1,2-BD and 112.43 mM (R)-1,2-BD with the purity of 100% could be obtained from 300 and 200 mM 1,2-BD mixture by E. coli (pET-rrbdh-nox-vgb) and E. coli (pET-ssbdh-nox-vgb), respectively. These results provided potential application for HB production from 1,2-BD mixture and chiral resolution of (R)-1,2-BD and (S)-1,2-BD.
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12
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Romero-Fernandez M, Paradisi F. Biocatalytic access to betazole using a one-pot multienzymatic system in continuous flow. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:4594-4603. [PMID: 34220333 PMCID: PMC8215649 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to classical synthetic approaches for the production of betazole drug, a one-pot biocatalytic system for this pharmaceutical molecule from its alcohol precursor has been developed. An ω-transaminase, an alcohol dehydrogenase and a water-forming NADH oxidase for in situ cofactor recycling have been combined to catalyse this reaction, yielding 75% molar conversion in batch reactions with soluble enzymes. This multienzyme system was then co-immobilised through a newly established protocol for sequential functionalization of a methacrylate-based porous carrier to enable tailored immobilisation chemistries for each enzyme. This pluri-catalytic system has been set up in a continuous flow packed-bed reactor, generating a space-time yield of up to 2.59 g L-1 h-1 with 15 min residence and a constant supply of oxygen for in situ cofactor recycling through a segmented air-liquid flow. The addition of an in-line catch-and-release column afforded >80% product recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern Switzerland
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13
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Castillo-Villanueva A, Reyes-Vivas H, Oria-Hernández J. Kinetic stability of the water-forming NADH oxidase from Giardia lamblia: implications for biotechnological processes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1987325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Horacio Reyes-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús Oria-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
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14
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A multi-enzyme strategy for the production of a highly valuable lactonized statin side-chain precursor. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Rubredoxin from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum donates a redox equivalent to the flavodiiron protein in an NAD(P)H dependent manner via ferredoxin-NAD(P) + oxidoreductase. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:799-808. [PMID: 33051772 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The green sulfur bacterium, Chlorobaculum tepidum, is an anaerobic photoautotroph that performs anoxygenic photosynthesis. Although genes encoding rubredoxin (Rd) and a putative flavodiiron protein (FDP) were reported in the genome, a gene encoding putative NADH-Rd oxidoreductase is not identified. In this work, we expressed and purified the recombinant Rd and FDP and confirmed dioxygen reductase activity in the presence of ferredoxin-NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (FNR). FNR from C. tepidum and Bacillus subtilis catalyzed the reduction of Rd at rates comparable to those reported for NADH-Rd oxidoreductases. Also, we observed substrate inhibition at high concentrations of NADPH similar to that observed with ferredoxins. In the presence of NADPH, B. subtilis FNR and Rd, FDP promoted dioxygen reduction at rates comparable to those reported for other bacterial FDPs. Taken together, our results suggest that Rd and FDP participate in the reduction of dioxygen in C. tepidum and that FNR can promote the reduction of Rd in this bacterium.
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16
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Abstract
Enzymatic methods for the oxidation of alcohols are critically reviewed. Dehydrogenases and oxidases are the most prominent biocatalysts, enabling the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes or acids. In the case of secondary alcohols, region and/or enantioselective oxidation is possible. In this contribution, we outline the current state-of-the-art and discuss current limitations and promising solutions.
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17
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Kim T, Kang S, Park J, Oh D. Construction of an engineered biocatalyst system for the production of medium‐chain α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids from medium‐chain ω‐hydroxycarboxylic acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2648-2657. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae‐Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyKonkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Hwan Kang
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyKonkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringEwha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyKonkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
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18
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Mordhorst S, Andexer JN. Round, round we go - strategies for enzymatic cofactor regeneration. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1316-1333. [PMID: 32582886 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the beginning of 2020Enzymes depending on cofactors are essential in many biosynthetic pathways of natural products. They are often involved in key steps: catalytic conversions that are difficult to achieve purely with synthetic organic chemistry. Hence, cofactor-dependent enzymes have great potential for biocatalysis, on the condition that a corresponding cofactor regeneration system is available. For some cofactors, these regeneration systems require multiple steps; such complex enzyme cascades/multi-enzyme systems are (still) challenging for in vitro biocatalysis. Further, artificial cofactor analogues have been synthesised that are more stable, show an altered reaction range, or act as inhibitors. The development of bio-orthogonal systems that can be used for the production of modified natural products in vivo is an ongoing challenge. In light of the recent progress in this field, this review aims to provide an overview of general strategies involving enzyme cofactors, cofactor analogues, and regeneration systems; highlighting the current possibilities for application of enzymes using some of the most common cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Tseliou V, Knaus T, Vilím J, Masman MF, Mutti FG. Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Primary Amines Using Geobacillus stearothermophilus Amine Dehydrogenase Variant. ChemCatChem 2020; 12:2184-2188. [PMID: 32802214 PMCID: PMC7422701 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A NADH-dependent engineered amine dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (LE-AmDH-v1) was applied together with a NADH-oxidase from Streptococcus mutans (NOx) for the kinetic resolution of pharmaceutically relevant racemic α-chiral primary amines. The reaction conditions (e. g., pH, temperature, type of buffer) were optimised to yield S-configured amines with up to >99 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tseliou
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Jan Vilím
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Marcelo F. Masman
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
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20
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Kim TH, Kang SH, Han JE, Seo EJ, Jeon EY, Choi GE, Park JB, Oh DK. Multilayer Engineering of Enzyme Cascade Catalysis for One-Pot Preparation of Nylon Monomers from Renewable Fatty Acids. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Han
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Seo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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21
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Baek Y, Kim J, Ahn J, Jo I, Hong S, Ryu S, Ha NC. Structure and function of the hypochlorous acid-induced flavoprotein RclA from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3202-3212. [PMID: 31988242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to microbial invasion, the animal immune system generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that kills microorganisms in the oxidative burst. HOCl toxicity is amplified in the phagosome through import of the copper cation (Cu2+). In Escherichia coli and Salmonella, the transcriptional regulator RclR senses HOCl stress and induces expression of the RclA, -B, and -C proteins involved in bacterial defenses against oxidative stress. However, the structures and biochemical roles of the Rcl proteins remain to be elucidated. In this study, we first examined the role of the flavoprotein disulfide reductase (FDR) RclA in the survival of Salmonella in macrophage phagosomes, finding that RclA promotes Salmonella survival in macrophage vacuoles containing sublethal HOCl levels. To clarify the molecular mechanism, we determined the crystal structure of RclA from E. coli at 2.9 Å resolution. This analysis revealed that the structure of homodimeric RclA is similar to those of typical FDRs, exhibiting two conserved cysteine residues near the flavin ring of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Of note, we observed that Cu2+ accelerated RclA-mediated oxidation of NADH, leading to a lowering of oxygen levels in vitro Compared with the RclA WT enzyme, substitution of the conserved cysteine residues lowered the specificity to Cu2+ or substantially increased the production of superoxide anion in the absence of Cu2+ We conclude that RclA-mediated lowering of oxygen levels could contribute to the inhibition of oxidative bursts in phagosomes. Our study sheds light on the molecular basis for how bacteria can survive HOCl stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjin Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Ju JH, Wang D, Heo SY, Kim MS, Seo JW, Kim YM, Kim DH, Kang SA, Kim CH, Oh BR. Enhancement of 1,3-propanediol production from industrial by-product by Lactobacillus reuteri CH53. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:6. [PMID: 31931797 PMCID: PMC6956512 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is the most widely studied value-added product that can be produced by feeding glycerol to bacteria, including Lactobacillus sp. However, previous research reported that L. reuteri only produced small amounts and had low productivity of 1,3-PDO. It is urgent to develop procedures that improve the production and productivity of 1,3-PDO. Results We identified a novel L. reuteri CH53 isolate that efficiently converted glycerol into 1,3-PDO, and performed batch co-fermentation with glycerol and glucose to evaluate its production of 1,3-PDO and other products. We optimized the fermentation conditions and nitrogen sources to increase the productivity. Fed-batch fermentation using corn steep liquor (CSL) as a replacement for beef extract led to 1,3-PDO production (68.32 ± 0.84 g/L) and productivity (1.27 ± 0.02 g/L/h) at optimized conditions (unaerated and 100 rpm). When CSL was used as an alternative nitrogen source, the activity of the vitamin B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase (dhaB) and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (dhaT) increased. Also, the productivity and yield of 1,3-PDO increased as well. These results showed the highest productivity in Lactobacillus species. In addition, hurdle to 1,3-PDO production in this strain were identified via analysis of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for growth (IC50) of numerous substrates and metabolites. Conclusions We used CSL as a low-cost nitrogen source to replace beef extract for 1,3-PDO production in L. reuteri CH53. These cells efficiently utilized crude glycerol and CSL to produce 1,3-PDO. This strain has great promise for the production of 1,3-PDO because it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and non-pathogenic. Also, this strain has high productivity and high conversion yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Ju
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science & Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dexin Wang
- Radiation Utilization and Facilities Management Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ah Kang
- Department of Conversing Technology, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul, 06724, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Xu MQ, Li FL, Yu WQ, Li RF, Zhang YW. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of glycerol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase for high efficiency in situ NAD + regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:1013-1021. [PMID: 31669469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor regeneration is an important method to avoid the consumption of large quantities of oxidized cofactor NAD+ in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Herein, glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) and NADH oxidase preparations by aggregating enzymes with ammonium sulphate followed by cross-linking formed aggregates for effective regeneration of NAD+. After optimization, the activity of combi-CLEAs and separate CLEAs mixtures were 950 and 580 U/g, respectively. And the catalytic stability of combi-CLEAs against pH and temperature was superior to the free enzyme mixture. After ten cycles of reuse, the catalytic efficiency could still retain 63.3% of its initial activity, indicating that the constructed combi-CLEAs system had excellent reusability. Also, the conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was improved by the constructed NAD+ regeneration system, resulting in 4.6%, which was 2.5 times of the free enzyme system. Thus, wide applications of this co-immobilization method in the production of various chiral chemicals could be expected in the industry for its high efficiency at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qiu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Switching the substrate specificity from NADH to NADPH by a single mutation of NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:328-336. [PMID: 31128193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic NADP+ regeneration is a promising approach to produce valuable chemicals under economic conditions. Among all the enzymatic routes, using water-forming NADH oxidase is an ideal one because there is no by-product. However, most NADH oxidases have a low specific activity to NADPH. In this work, a thermostable NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LrNox) was rationally engineered to switch its specificity from NADH to NADPH. The results show that mutants D177A, G178R, D177A/G178R, D177A/G178R/L179S improved the NADPH activity by a factor of 4-6. The highest NADPH catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km 223.71 S-1 μm-1, 47.6-fold higher than wild-type LrNox) and 51% of NADH activity retention were achieved by replacing the single amino acid Leu179 for serine (L179S) in LrNox. Modeling of L179S-NADPH complex reveals that the phosphate group of NADPH interacts with the hydroxyl of Ser179 with a strong hydrogen bond and several shorter hydrogen bonds with the amino group of Lys185 could stabilize the binding of NADPH in the L179S mutant. This work provides an efficient method for converting NAD(P)H specificity and shows that L179S mutant is a potential and efficient auxiliary enzyme for NADP+ regeneration.
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25
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Dishisha T, Sabet-Azad R, Arieta V, Hatti-Kaul R. Lactobacillus reuteri NAD(P)H oxidase: Properties and coexpression with propanediol-utilization enzymes for enhancing 3-hydroxypropionic acid production from 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:135-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Petroll K, Kopp D, Care A, Bergquist PL, Sunna A. Tools and strategies for constructing cell-free enzyme pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:91-108. [PMID: 30521853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single enzyme systems or engineered microbial hosts have been used for decades but the notion of assembling multiple enzymes into cell-free synthetic pathways is a relatively new development. The extensive possibilities that stem from this synthetic concept makes it a fast growing and potentially high impact field for biomanufacturing fine and platform chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. However, the translation of individual single enzymatic reactions into cell-free multi-enzyme pathways is not trivial. In reality, the kinetics of an enzyme pathway can be very inadequate and the production of multiple enzymes can impose a great burden on the economics of the process. We examine here strategies for designing synthetic pathways and draw attention to the requirements of substrates, enzymes and cofactor regeneration systems for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of cell-free biocatalysis. In addition, we comment on methods for the immobilisation of members of a multi-enzyme pathway to enhance the viability of the system. Finally, we focus on the recent development of integrative tools such as in silico pathway modelling and high throughput flux analysis with the aim of reinforcing their indispensable role in the future of cell-free biocatalytic pathways for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Petroll
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Kopp
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter L Bergquist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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27
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Han SW, Shin JS. One-Pot Preparation of d-Amino Acids Through Biocatalytic Deracemization Using Alanine Dehydrogenase and ω-Transaminase. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Li FL, Shi Y, Zhang JX, Gao J, Zhang YW. Cloning, expression, characterization and homology modeling of a novel water-forming NADH oxidase from Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [PMID: 29514042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase from Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (SmNox) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1374bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 457 amino acid residues. The molecular mass of the purified SmNox was estimated to be ∼49.9kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified SmNox had the highest specific activity of 281.2U·mg-1 at optimal pH and temperature of 7.0 and 35°C, with a Km of 57.7μM and a Vmax of 154.3U·mg-1. The good stability at room temperature was observed. Homology modeling and substrate docking were performed to evaluate the catalytic characteristics. The results indicated that Nicotinamide ring of NADH extends vertically toward to re-face of coenzyme (FAD), and the specific conformation of NADH suggested that the charges transfer in SmNox complex could be easier than in its homologous enzyme (LbNox) under alkaline environment. The characterization of the SmNox indicated it has potential in industrial regeneration of coenzyme NAD+ for coupling with dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, United Pharmaceutical Institute of Jiangsu University and Shandong Tianzhilvye Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, United Pharmaceutical Institute of Jiangsu University and Shandong Tianzhilvye Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Xun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, United Pharmaceutical Institute of Jiangsu University and Shandong Tianzhilvye Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou 535011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, United Pharmaceutical Institute of Jiangsu University and Shandong Tianzhilvye Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou 535011, People's Republic of China.
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Oxygen-Inducible Conversion of Lactate to Acetate in Heterofermentative Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01659-17. [PMID: 28842545 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01659-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis is an obligatory heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that produces high levels of acetate, which improve the aerobic stability of silages against deterioration caused by yeasts and molds. However, the mechanism involved in acetate accumulation has yet to be elucidated. Here, experimental evidence indicated that aerobiosis resulted in the conversion of lactate to acetate after glucose exhaustion in L. brevis ATCC 367 (GenBank accession number NC_008497). To elucidate the conversion pathway, in silico analysis showed that lactate was first converted to pyruvate by the reverse catalytic reaction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); subsequently, pyruvate conversion to acetate might be mediated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) or pyruvate oxidase (POX). Transcriptional analysis indicated that the pdh and pox genes of L. brevis ATCC 367 were upregulated 37.92- and 18.32-fold, respectively, by oxygen and glucose exhaustion, corresponding to 5.32- and 2.35-fold increases in the respective enzyme activities. Compared with the wild-type strain, the transcription and enzymatic activity of PDH remained stable in the Δpox mutant, while those of POX increased significantly in the Δpdh mutant. More lactate but less acetate was produced in the Δpdh mutant than in the wild-type and Δpox mutant strains, and more H2O2 (a product of the POX pathway) was produced in the Δpdh mutant. We speculated that the high levels of aerobic acetate accumulation in L. brevis ATCC 367 originated mainly from the reuse of lactate to produce pyruvate, which was further converted to acetate by the predominant and secondary functions of PDH and POX, respectively.IMPORTANCE PDH and POX are two possible key enzymes involved in aerobic acetate accumulation in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It is currently thought that POX plays the major role in aerobic growth in homofermentative LAB and some heterofermentative LAB, while the impact of PDH remains unclear. In this study, we reported that both PDH and POX worked in the aerobic conversion of lactate to acetate in L. brevis ATCC 367, in dominant and secondary roles, respectively. Our findings will further develop the theory of aerobic metabolism by LAB.
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The Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Amines Using a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst Co-Expressing Amine Dehydrogenase and NADH Oxidase. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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31
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Nowak C, Pick A, Csepei LI, Sieber V. Characterization of Biomimetic Cofactors According to Stability, Redox Potentials, and Enzymatic Conversion by NADH Oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1944-1949. [PMID: 28752634 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases are attractive biocatalysts that convert achiral substrates into products of higher value, but they are also for the most part dependent on nicotinamide cofactors. Recently, biomimetic nicotinamide derivatives have received attention as less costly alternatives to natural cofactors. However, recycling of biomimetics is still challenging because there are only limited opportunities. Here, we have characterized various biomimetic cofactors with regard to stability and redox potentials to find the best alternative to natural cofactors. Further, the cofactor spectrum of NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus (LpNox) could be expanded, and the enzymatic activity was also compared to activities with different small-molecule catalysts. As a result, we succeeded in identifying several strategies for regeneration of oxidized biomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nowak
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Life Science Engineering, Straubing Center of Science, Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - André Pick
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Life Science Engineering, Straubing Center of Science, Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Lénárd-István Csepei
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Life Science Engineering, Straubing Center of Science, Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 68 Cooper Road, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia
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Taniguchi H, Okano K, Honda K. Modules for in vitro metabolic engineering: Pathway assembly for bio-based production of value-added chemicals. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:65-74. [PMID: 29062963 PMCID: PMC5636945 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based chemical production has drawn attention regarding the realization of a sustainable society. In vitro metabolic engineering is one of the methods used for the bio-based production of value-added chemicals. This method involves the reconstitution of natural or artificial metabolic pathways by assembling purified/semi-purified enzymes in vitro. Enzymes from distinct sources can be combined to construct desired reaction cascades with fewer biological constraints in one vessel, enabling easier pathway design with high modularity. Multiple modules have been designed, built, tested, and improved by different groups for different purpose. In this review, we focus on these in vitro metabolic engineering modules, especially focusing on the carbon metabolism, and present an overview of input modules, output modules, and other modules related to cofactor management.
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Zhao G, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhu X, Guo Y, He C, Anwar Khan F, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen H, Guo A. Mycoplasma bovis NADH oxidase functions as both a NADH oxidizing and O 2 reducing enzyme and an adhesin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44. [PMID: 28246386 PMCID: PMC5427908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes considerable economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. In mycoplasmal infections, adhesion to the host cell is of the utmost importance. In this study, the amino acid sequence of NOX was predicted to have enzymatic domains. The nox gene was then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic activity of recombinant NOX (rNOX) was confirmed based on its capacity to oxidize NADH to NAD+ and reduce O2 to H2O2. The adherence of rNOX to embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells was confirmed with confocal laser scanning microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Both preblocking EBL cells with purified rNOX and preneutralizing M. bovis with polyclonal antiserum to rNOX significantly reduced the adherence of M. bovis to EBL cells. Mycoplasma bovisNOX–expressed a truncated NOX protein at a level 10-fold less than that of the wild type. The capacities of M. bovisNOX– for cell adhesion and H2O2 production were also significantly reduced. The rNOX was further used to pan phage displaying lung cDNA library and fibronectin was determined to be potential ligand. In conclusion, M. bovis NOX functions as both an active NADH oxidase and adhesin, and is therefore a potential virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yusi Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenfei He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Rehn G, Pedersen AT, Woodley JM. Application of NAD(P)H oxidase for cofactor regeneration in dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Hydrolysis and oxidation of racemic esters into prochiral ketones catalyzed by a consortium of immobilized enzymes. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wahl C, Hirtz D, Elling L. Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60 th birthday. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1298-1308. [PMID: 27311566 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wahl
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Hirtz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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A high effective NADH-ferricyanide dehydrogenase coupled with laccase for NAD(+) regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1315-20. [PMID: 27146212 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find an efficient and cheap system for NAD(+) regeneration RESULTS A NADH-ferricyanide dehydrogenase was obtained from an isolate of Escherichia coli. Optimal activity of the NADH dehydrogenase was at 45 °C and pH 7.5, with a K m value for NADH of 10 μM. By combining the NADH dehydrogenase, potassium ferricyanide and laccase, a bi-enzyme system for NAD(+) regeneration was established. The system is attractive in that the O2 consumed by laccase is from air and the sole byproduct of the reaction is water. During the reaction process, 10 mM NAD(+) was transformed from NADH in less than 2 h under the condition of 0.5 U NADH dehydrogenase, 0.5 U laccase, 0.1 mM potassium ferricyanide at pH 5.6, 30 °C CONCLUSION: The bi-enzyme system employed the NADH-ferricyanide dehydrogenase and laccase as catalysts, and potassium ferricyanide as redox mediator, is a promising alternative for NAD(+) regeneration.
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38
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Zhang JD, Cui ZM, Fan XJ, Wu HL, Chang HH. Cloning and characterization of two distinct water-forming NADH oxidases from Lactobacillus pentosus for the regeneration of NAD. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:603-11. [PMID: 26801669 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two uncharacterized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidases (named as LpNox1, LpNox2) from Lactobacillus pentosus ATCC 8041 were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The sequence analysis revealed that the two enzymes are water-forming Noxs with 64 % and 52 % identity to LbNox from Lactobacillus brevis DSM 20054. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified LpNox1 and LpNox2 were 7.0 and 8.0 and 35 and 40 °C, respectively, with K M of 99.0 μM (LpNox1) and 27.6 μM (LpNox2), and yielding catalytic efficiency k cat/K M of 1.0 and 0.2 μM(-1) s(-1), respectively. Heat inactivation studies revealed that the two enzymes are relatively instable. The application of LpNox1 for the regeneration of NAD(+) was demonstrated by coupling with a glycerol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone. The characteristics of the LpNox1 could prove to be of interest in industrial application such as NAD(+) regeneration in dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No.79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Mei Cui
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No.79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Fan
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No.79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua-Lei Wu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No.79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hong Chang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No.79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
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Geelhoed JS, Henstra AM, Stams AJM. Carboxydotrophic growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:997-1007. [PMID: 26481622 PMCID: PMC4703632 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that Geobacter sulfurreducens grows on carbon monoxide (CO) as electron donor with fumarate as electron acceptor. Geobacter sulfurreducens was tolerant to high CO levels, with up to 150 kPa in the headspace tested. During growth, hydrogen was detected in very slight amounts (∼5 Pa). In assays with cell-free extract of cells grown with CO and fumarate, production of hydrogen from CO was not observed, and hydrogenase activity with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor was very low. Taken together, this suggested that CO is not utilized via hydrogen as intermediate. In the presence of CO, reduction of NADP+ was observed at a rate comparable to CO oxidation coupled to fumarate reduction in vivo. The G. sulfurreducens genome contains a single putative carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-encoding gene. The gene is part of a predicted operon also comprising a putative Fe–S cluster-binding subunit (CooF) and a FAD–NAD(P) oxidoreductase and is preceded by a putative CO-sensing transcription factor. This cluster may be involved in a novel pathway for CO oxidation, but further studies are necessary to ascertain this. Similar gene clusters are present in several other species belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes, for which CO utilization is currently not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne M Henstra
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2EF, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nowak C, Beer B, Pick A, Roth T, Lommes P, Sieber V. A water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus suitable for the regeneration of synthetic biomimetic cofactors. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:957. [PMID: 26441891 PMCID: PMC4584968 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-free biocatalytic production of fine chemicals by oxidoreductases has continuously grown over the past years. Since especially dehydrogenases depend on the stoichiometric use of nicotinamide pyridine cofactors, an integrated efficient recycling system is crucial to allow process operation under economic conditions. Lately, the variety of cofactors for biocatalysis was broadened by the utilization of totally synthetic and cheap biomimetics. Though, to date the regeneration has been limited to chemical or electrochemical methods. Here, we report an enzymatic recycling by the flavoprotein NADH-oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus (LpNox). Since this enzyme has not been described before, we first characterized it in regard to its optimal reaction parameters. We found that the heterologously overexpressed enzyme only contained 13% FAD. In vitro loading of the enzyme with FAD, resulted in a higher specific activity towards its natural cofactor NADH as well as different nicotinamide derived biomimetics. Apart from the enzymatic recycling, which gives water as a by-product by transferring four electrons onto oxygen, unbound FAD can also catalyze the oxidation of biomimetic cofactors. Here a two electron process takes place yielding H2O2 instead. The enzymatic and chemical recycling was compared in regard to reaction kinetics for the natural and biomimetic cofactors. With LpNox and FAD, two recycling strategies for biomimetic cofactors are described with either water or hydrogen peroxide as by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nowak
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
| | - Barbara Beer
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
| | - André Pick
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
| | - Teresa Roth
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
| | - Petra Lommes
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Department Life Science Engineering, Technische Universität München, Straubing Germany
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Kirmair L, Seiler DL, Skerra A. Stability engineering of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus alcohol dehydrogenase and application for the synthesis of a polyamide 12 precursor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10501-13. [PMID: 26329849 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thermostable NAD(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (BsADH) was exploited with regard to the biocatalytic synthesis of ω-oxo lauric acid methyl ester (OLAMe), a key intermediate for biobased polyamide 12 production, from the corresponding long-chain alcohol. Recombinant BsADH was produced in Escherichia coli as a homogeneous tetrameric enzyme and showed high activity towards the industrially relevant substrate ω-hydroxy lauric acid methyl ester (HLAMe) with K M = 86 μM and 44 U mg(-1). The equilibrium constant for HLAMe oxidation to the aldehyde (OLAMe) with NAD(+) was determined as 2.16 × 10(-3) from the kinetic parameters of the BsADH-catalyzed forward and reverse reactions. Since BsADH displayed limited stability under oxidizing conditions, the predominant oxidation-prone residue Cys257 was mutated to Leu based on sequence homology with related enzymes and computational simulation. This substitution resulted in an improved BsADH variant exhibiting prolonged stability and an elevated inactivation temperature. Semi-preparative biocatalysis at 60 °C using the stabilized enzyme, employing butyraldehyde for in situ cofactor regeneration with only catalytic amounts of NAD(+), yielded up to 23 % conversion of HLAMe to OLAMe after 30 min. In contrast to other oxidoreductases, no overoxidation to the dodecanoic diacid monomethyl ester was detected. Thus, the mutated BsADH offers a promising biocatalyst for the selective oxidation of fatty alcohols to yield intermediates for industrial polymer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kirmair
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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Fang B, Jiang W, Zhou Q, Wang S. Codon-Optimized NADH Oxidase Gene Expression and Gene Fusion with Glycerol Dehydrogenase for Bienzyme System with Cofactor Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128412. [PMID: 26115038 PMCID: PMC4482596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH oxidases (NOXs) play an important role in maintaining balance of NAD+/NADH by catalyzing cofactors regeneration. The expression of nox gene from Lactobacillus brevis in Escherichia coli BL21 (BL21 (DE3)) was studied. Two strategies, the high AT-content in the region adjacent to the initiation codon and codon usage of the whole gene sequence consistent with the host, obtained the NOX activity of 59.9 U/mg and 73.3 U/mg (crude enzyme), with enhanced expression level of 2.0 and 2.5-folds, respectively. Purified NOX activity was 213.8 U/mg. Gene fusion of glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) and NOX formed bifuctional multi-enzymes for bioconversion of glycerol coupled with coenzyme regeneration. Kinetic parameters of the GDH-NOX for each substrate, glycerol and NADH, were calculated as Vmax(Glycerol) 20 μM/min, Km(Glycerol) 19.4 mM, Vmax (NADH) 12.5 μM/min and Km (NADH) 51.3 μM, respectively, which indicated the potential application of GDH-NOX for quick glycerol analysis and dioxyacetone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- * E-mail:
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Enzyme Module Systems for the Synthesis of Uridine 5′-Diphospho-α-D
-glucuronic Acid and Non-Sulfated Human Natural Killer Cell-1 (HNK-1) Epitope. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolaldehyde using a highly selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang J, Wu S, Wu J, Li Z. Enantioselective Cascade Biocatalysis via Epoxide Hydrolysis and Alcohol Oxidation: One-Pot Synthesis of (R)-α-Hydroxy Ketones from Meso- or Racemic Epoxides. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5016113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Jinchuan Wu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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Eixelsberger T, Nidetzky B. Enzymatic Redox Cascade for One-Pot Synthesis of Uridine 5'-Diphosphate Xylose from Uridine 5'-Diphosphate Glucose. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:3575-3584. [PMID: 26190959 PMCID: PMC4498474 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic ways towards uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP)-xylose are scarce and not well established, although this compound plays an important role in the glycobiology of various organisms and cell types. We show here how UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (hUGDH) and UDP-xylose synthase 1 (hUXS) from Homo sapiens can be used for the efficient production of pure UDP-α-xylose from UDP-glucose. In a mimic of the natural biosynthetic route, UDP-glucose is converted to UDP-glucuronic acid by hUGDH, followed by subsequent formation of UDP-xylose by hUXS. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) required in the hUGDH reaction is continuously regenerated in a three-step chemo-enzymatic cascade. In the first step, reduced NAD+ (NADH) is recycled by xylose reductase from Candida tenuis via reduction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ). Radical chemical re-oxidation of this mediator in the second step reduces molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that is cleaved by bovine liver catalase in the last step. A comprehensive analysis of the coupled chemo-enzymatic reactions revealed pronounced inhibition of hUGDH by NADH and UDP-xylose as well as an adequate oxygen supply for PQ re-oxidation as major bottlenecks of effective performance of the overall multi-step reaction system. Net oxidation of UDP-glucose to UDP-xylose by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could thus be achieved when using an in situ oxygen supply through periodic external feed of H2O2 during the reaction. Engineering of the interrelated reaction parameters finally enabled production of 19.5 mM (10.5 g l−1) UDP-α-xylose. After two-step chromatographic purification the compound was obtained in high purity (>98%) and good overall yield (46%). The results provide a strong case for application of multi-step redox cascades in the synthesis of nucleotide sugar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eixelsberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria ; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria, ; phone: (+43)-316-873-8400 ; e-mail:
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Expression of the NAD-dependent FDH1 β-subunit from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 in Escherichia coli and its characterization. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for acetoin production with NAD+ regeneration system through homologous co-expression of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase in engineered Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102951. [PMID: 25036158 PMCID: PMC4103878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), an extensively-used food spice and bio-based platform chemical, is usually produced by chemical synthesis methods. With increasingly requirement of food security and environmental protection, bio-fermentation of acetoin by microorganisms has a great promising market. However, through metabolic engineering strategies, the mixed acid-butanediol fermentation metabolizes a certain portion of substrate to the by-products of organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which causes energy cost and increases the difficulty of product purification in downstream processes. In this work, due to the high efficiency of enzymatic reaction and excellent selectivity, a strategy for efficiently converting 2,3-butandiol to acetoin using whole-cell biocatalyst by engineered Bacillus subtilis is proposed. In this process, NAD+ plays a significant role on 2,3-butanediol and acetoin distribution, so the NADH oxidase and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase both from B. subtilis are co-expressed in B. subtilis 168 to construct an NAD+ regeneration system, which forces dramatic decrease of the intracellular NADH concentration (1.6 fold) and NADH/NAD+ ratio (2.2 fold). By optimization of the enzymatic reaction and applying repeated batch conversion, the whole-cell biocatalyst efficiently produced 91.8 g/L acetoin with a productivity of 2.30 g/(L·h), which was the highest record ever reported by biocatalysis. This work indicated that manipulation of the intracellular cofactor levels was more effective than the strategy of enhancing enzyme activity, and the bioprocess for NAD+ regeneration may also be a useful way for improving the productivity of NAD+-dependent chemistry-based products.
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50
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Opgenorth PH, Korman TP, Bowie JU. A synthetic biochemistry molecular purge valve module that maintains redox balance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4113. [PMID: 24936528 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest potential environmental benefit of metabolic engineering would be the production of high-volume commodity chemicals, such as biofuels. Yet, the high yields required for the economic viability of low-value chemicals is particularly hard to achieve in microbes owing to the myriad competing biochemical pathways. An alternative approach, which we call synthetic biochemistry, is to eliminate the organism by constructing biochemical pathways in vitro. Viable synthetic biochemistry, however, will require simple methods to replace the cellular circuitry that maintains cofactor balance. Here we design a simple purge valve module for maintaining NADP(+)/NADPH balance. We test the purge valve in the production of polyhydroxybutyryl bioplastic and isoprene--pathways where cofactor generation and utilization are unbalanced. We find that the regulatory system is highly robust to variations in cofactor levels and readily transportable. The molecular purge valve provides a step towards developing continuously operating, sustainable synthetic biochemistry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Opgenorth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA
| | - Tyler P Korman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA
| | - James U Bowie
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA [2] Boyer Hall, UCLA, 611 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA
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