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Elgharbi F, Salem K, Elbedoui M, Hmida-Sayari A. High-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from B. pumilus US570 Strain: Purification, Characterization and Application in Banana and Orange Peels Hydrolysis and Breadmaking. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04866-x. [PMID: 38393579 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
New xylanase (XylUS570) was purified from the Bacillus pumilus US570 strain. It has a molecular mass of about 232 kDa. This is the first report on the highest molecular weight monomeric xylanase produced by bacteria. The optimum pH and temperature recorded for enzyme activity were 7 and 55 °C, respectively with a half-life time of 10 min at 60 °C. At 37 °C, the enzyme retains more than 50% of its activity at a pH ranging from 6 to 9.5 for 24 h. The XylUS570 exhibited a high activity on xylan, but no activity was detected for cellulosic substrates. The Vmax and Km values exhibited by the purified enzyme on beechwood xylan were 37.05 U mL-1 and 4.189 mg mL-1, respectively. The XylUS570 was used in banana and orange peels hydrolysis and showed potential efficiency to liberate reducing sugars. It could be a good candidate for bio-ethanol production from fruit waste. The purified enzyme was used also as an additive in breadmaking. A decrease in water absorption, an increase in dough rising and improvements in volume and specific volume of the bread were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Elgharbi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - Karima Salem
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Maissa Elbedoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisie
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Alagöz D, Varan NE, Toprak A, Yildirim D, Tukel SS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of xylanase on differently functionalized silica gel supports for orange juice clarification. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Baker JT, Duarte ME, Holanda DM, Kim SW. Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:609. [PMID: 33652614 PMCID: PMC7996850 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.T.B.); (M.E.D.); (D.M.H.)
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Boonyapakron K, Chitnumsub P, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Enhancement of catalytic performance of a metagenome-derived thermophilic oligosaccharide-specific xylanase by binding module removal and random mutagenesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:13-19. [PMID: 33067124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XO) is a promising pre-biotic with applications in food, feed and healthcare products. XO can be produced by enzymatic digestion of xylan with xylanase. In this study, we aimed to improve the biochemical properties relevant to catalysis and kinetics of X11, a thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase derived from a metagenomic library isolated from sugarcane bagasse, under high-temperature conditions preferred for XO synthesis. Removal of a carbohydrate-binding module (X11C) resulted in 6.5 fold greater catalytic efficiency. X11C was further improved by a Pro71Thr mutation in the X11P variant obtained from a random mutagenesis library, which exhibited 15.9 fold greater catalytic efficiency compared with wild-type X11 under the enzyme's optimal conditions of 80°C and pH 6.0. Homology modeling suggested that the improved performance of X11P could be attributed to formation of an extra H-bond between Thr71 and Ser75, which stabilizes the key catalytic residue Glu180 at the active pocket and β-sheet layers and agrees with the respective increase in melting temperature (Tm) where X11P >X11C >X11 as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The X11P variant was tested for hydrolysis of beechwood xylan, which showed X6 as the major product followed by X3 and X4 XOs. The highest yield of 5.5 g total XOs product/mg enzyme was observed for X11P, equivalent to 3.7 fold higher than that of wild-type with XO production of >800 mg/g xylan. The X11P enzyme could be developed as a thermophilic biocatalyst for XO synthesis in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katewadee Boonyapakron
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- Biomolecular Analysis and Application Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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5
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Dysvik A, La Rosa SL, Buffetto F, Liland KH, Myhrer KS, Rukke EO, Wicklund T, Westereng B. Secondary Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation with Wood-Derived Xylooligosaccharides as a Tool To Expedite Sour Beer Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:301-314. [PMID: 31820631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from woody biomass were evaluated as a substrate for secondary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation in sour beer production. XOS were extracted from birch (Betula pubescens) and added to beer to promote the growth of Lactobacillus brevis BSO 464. Growth, pH, XOS degradation, and metabolic products were monitored throughout fermentations, and the final beer was evaluated sensorically. XOS were utilized, metabolic compounds were produced (1800 mg/L lactic acid), and pH was reduced from 4.1 to 3.6. Secondary fermentation changed sensory properties significantly, and the resulting sour beer was assessed as similar to a commercial reference in multiple attributes, including acidic taste. Overall, secondary LAB fermentation induced by wood-derived XOS provided a new approach to successfully produce sour beer with reduced fermentation time (from 1-3 years to 4 weeks). The presented results demonstrate how hemicellulosic biomass can be valorized for beverage production and to obtain sour beer with improved process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dysvik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Sabina Leanti La Rosa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Fanny Buffetto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1433 Ås , Norway
| | - Kristine S Myhrer
- NOFIMA - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , PB 210, N-1431 Ås , Norway
| | - Elling-Olav Rukke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Trude Wicklund
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Bjørge Westereng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
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7
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Arana-Cuenca A, Tovar-Jiménez X, Favela-Torres E, Perraud-Gaime I, González-Becerra AE, Martínez A, Moss-Acosta CL, Mercado-Flores Y, Téllez-Jurado A. Use of water hyacinth as a substrate for the production of filamentous fungal hydrolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:21. [PMID: 30622859 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the water hyacinth (WH) as a substrate for the production of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases and hemicellulases) of 100 strains of filamentous fungi under conditions of solid growth. Five fungal strains, identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium commune and Aspergillus versicolor, were selected and studied for their ability to grow on water hyacinth as a substrate and carbon source only, evaluating hydrolytic enzymatic activities (α-l-arabinofuranosidase, cellulase, xylanase and β-d-xylopyranosidase) and extracellular protein per g of water hyacinth dry matter (gdm). The five strains selected were able to produce the four enzymes studied; however, T. harzianum strain PBCA produces the highest xylanase (149.3 ± 14.3 IU/gdm at 108 h), cellulase (16.4 ± 0.6 IU/gdm at 84 h) and β-d-xylopyranosidase (127.7 ± 14.8 IU/gdm at 48 h). In contrast, the fungus with the highest α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity was A. versicolor, with 129.8 ± 13.3 IU/gdm after 108 h. In conclusion, T. harzianum showed the best production of the hydrolytic enzymes studied, using as a matrix and carbon source, water hyacinth. In addition, catalytic activities of arabinofuranosidase and xylopyranosidase were reported for the first time in T. versicolor and T. harzianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arana-Cuenca
- 1Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún, km 20, 43830 Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Xochitl Tovar-Jiménez
- 1Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún, km 20, 43830 Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- 2Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Vicentina, 09340 México City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Perraud-Gaime
- 3Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, UMR CNRS/IRD 193, IMEP Case 441, FST Saint Jérôme, Université Paul Cézanne, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marselle Cedex 20, France
| | - Aldo E González-Becerra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, C/ Nicolás Cabrera nº1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- 5Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Cessna L Moss-Acosta
- 5Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Yuridia Mercado-Flores
- 1Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún, km 20, 43830 Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- 1Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún, km 20, 43830 Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
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8
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Solid-state cultivation of recombinant Aspergillus nidulans to co-produce xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, and xylooligosaccharides from soybean fibre. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Statistical Optimization of Medium and Fermentation Conditions of Recombinant Pichia pastoris for the Production of Xylanase. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Purohit A, Rai SK, Chownk M, Sangwan RS, Yadav SK. Xylanase from Acinetobacter pittii MASK 25 and developed magnetic cross-linked xylanase aggregate produce predominantly xylopentose and xylohexose from agro biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:793-799. [PMID: 28822953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the chemical and biochemical processes used for the de-polymerization of structural polymers of lignocellulosic biomass are environment unfriendly and costly. Here an efficient process based on xylanase, produced by Acinetobacter pittii MASK25 (MTCC 25132), hydrolysis of only physically treated rice straw and corn cob has been developed for the production of xylooligosaccharides. Bacterial strain isolated from soil was found to produce maximum xylanase at 30°C and pH 7. While the optimum temperature and pH of xylanase were characterized as 40°C and 5. Process was further improved by developing magnetic-xylanase CLEA. Crude xylanase and magnetic-xylanase CLEA could convert respectively more than 45% and 60% xylan of the powdered rice straw and corn cob into xylooligosaccharides. Interestingly, hydrolysis by both types of enzymatic forms was found to produce predominantly xylopentose and xylohexose. Hence, the process is environment friendly and the predominant production of xylopentose and xylohexose could find unique prebiotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Purohit
- Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Shushil Kumar Rai
- Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Manisha Chownk
- Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India.
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Vidal A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ, Marín S. Effect of xylanase and α-amylase on DON and its conjugates during the breadmaking process. Food Res Int 2017; 101:139-147. [PMID: 28941676 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently occurring mycotoxins in wheat crops worldwide and poses a risk to human and animal health due to its wide range of adverse effects. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) is a DON plant conjugate that is widely found in cereal products. As DON accumulation in the field seems unavoidable, it is important to investigate all of the conditions that affect its stability during food processing. One of the most consumed cereal product around the world is bread, however the published information about DON stability in bread shows a large variability of results because a huge amount of factors affect DON and its modified forms. So, the aim of this research was to study the fate of DON and its modified forms through the breadmaking process with the addition of xylanase and α-amylase at different fermentation temperatures. Moreover, different α-amylase and xylanase concentrations were added to the dough to be fermented. To quantify DON and its derived forms in the samples, liquid chromatography with double mass spectrophotometer was used. DON was reduced during fermentation and baking; however, the reduction at each step was related to the fermentation temperature. The presence of α-amylase and xylanase caused increases in DON during fermentation and during early baking. DON-3-glucoside was slightly reduced after fermentation and was widely increased (>80%) after baking. Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) increased during the breadmaking process. Breadmaking process can reduce DON concentration, however xylanase and α-amylase presence cause increases of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vidal
- Food Technology Dept, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - Vicente Sanchis
- Food Technology Dept, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ramos
- Food Technology Dept, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - Sonia Marín
- Food Technology Dept, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Spain.
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Purification and characterization of low molecular weight extreme alkaline xylanase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila BF1-7. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Vidal A, Ambrosio A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ, Marín S. Enzyme bread improvers affect the stability of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during breadmaking. Food Chem 2016; 208:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Seemakram W, Boonrung S, Katekaew S, Aimi T, Boonlue S. Purification and characterization of low molecular weight alkaline xylanase from Neosartorya tatenoi KKU-CLB-3-2-4-1. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Dutta SK, Chakraborty S. Kinetic analysis of two-phase enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose of xylan type. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:642-650. [PMID: 26433789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a coupled experimental and theoretical framework for quantifying the kinetics of two-phase enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose. For xylan loading of 1-5mg/ml, the nature of inhibition by the product xylose (non-competitive), the kinetic constants (Km=3.93 mg/ml, Vmax=0.0252 mg/ml/min) and the xylose inhibition constant (Kx=0.122 mg/ml) are experimentally determined. Our multi-step two-phase kinetic model incorporating enzyme adsorption to the solid substrate and non-competitive product inhibition is simulated using our kinetic data and validated against our experimentally measured temporal dynamics of xylose and reducing sugars. Further experiments show that higher substrate loading reduces the specific adsorption of the endoxylanase to the solid xylan and the enzyme's solid-liquid distribution ratio, which decelerates the solid hydrolysis and accelerates the liquid phase reactions. Thus, the xylose yield increases with substrate loading, which increases product inhibition and decreases reducing sugar yields. An operating cost analysis gives 3mg/ml as the optimal substrate loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kanti Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Kaushal R, Sharma N, Dogra V. Optimization of the production and molecular characterization of cellulase-free xylanase from an alkalophillic Bacillus subtilis SD8 isolated from paper mill effluent. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Chanwicha N, Katekaew S, Aimi T, Boonlue S. Purification and characterization of alkaline xylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus var. levisporus KKU-PN-I2-1 cultivated by solid-state fermentation. MYCOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Purification strategies and properties of a low-molecular weight xylanase and its application in agricultural waste biomass hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Uçkun Kiran E, Akpinar O, Bakir U. Improvement of enzymatic xylooligosaccharides production by the co-utilization of xylans from different origins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Production and Partial Characterization of Cellulases and Xylanases from Trichoderma atroviride 676 Using Lignocellulosic Residual Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1373-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Biotechnological approaches for the production of prebiotics and their potential applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:345-64. [PMID: 22985065 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.709482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in prebiotics have been increasing extensively both as food ingredients and pharmacological supplements, since they have beneficial properties for human health. Prebiotics not only stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut but also increase the resistance towards pathogens. In addition to this, they also act as dietary fiber, an energy source for intestinal cells after converting to short-chain fatty acids, a stimulator of immune systems, sugar replacer etc. Moreover, due to heat resistant properties, they are able to maintain their intact form during the baking process and allow them to be incorporated into every day food products. Thus, they can be interesting and useful ingredients in the development of novel functional foods. This review provides comprehensive information about the different biotechnological techniques employed in the production of prebiotics and their potential applications in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology , Longowal, Punjab , India
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Chapla D, Pandit P, Shah A. Production of xylooligosaccharides from corncob xylan by fungal xylanase and their utilization by probiotics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 115:215-221. [PMID: 22100233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The selective production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) was carried out using partially purified xylanase from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 4898. Corncob xylan was extracted using a mild alkali treatment which yielded 178.73±5.8 g of xylan/kg of corncobs. Partially purified β-xylosidase free xylanase was found efficient in releasing xylooligosaccharides from corncob xylan. Maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides was 6.73±0.23 mg/ml after 8 h of reaction time using 20 U of xylanase at 45°C. Purification of XOS was done using activated charcoal column chromatography. The purified XOS preparation contained mainly xylobiose and xylotriose. XOS mixture was found suitable for food industry looking at its high thermal stability at low pH. Prebiotic effect of XOS was evaluated by in vitro fermentation of XOS using known probiotic strains viz. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results of this study revealed better growth of Bifidobacterium spp. on XOS than Lactobacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digantkumar Chapla
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.
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Purification and properties of a psychrotrophic Trichoderma sp. xylanase and its gene sequence. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:944-56. [PMID: 21302145 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A psychrotrophic fungus identified as Trichoderma sp. SC9 produced 36.7 U/ml of xylanase when grown on a medium containing corncob xylan at 20 °C for 6 days. The xylanase was purified 37-fold with a recovery yield of 8.2%. The purified xylanase appeared as a single protein band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of approximately 20.5 kDa. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 6.0, and was stable over pH 3.5-9.0. The optimal temperature of the xylanase was 42.5 °C and it was stable up to 35 °C at pH 6.0 for 30 min. The xylanase was thermolabile with a half-life of 23.9 min at 45 °C. The apparent K(m) values of the xylanase for birchwood, beechwood, and oat-spelt xylans were found to be 3, 2.1, and 16 mg/ml respectively. The xylanase hydrolyzed beechwood xylan and birchwood xylan to yield mainly xylobiose as end products. The enzyme-hydrolysed xylotriose, xylotetraose, and xylopentose to produce xylobiose, but it hardly hydrolysed xylobiose. A xylanase gene (xynA) with an open reading frame of 669 nucleotide base pairs (bp), encoding 222 amino acids, from the strain was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of XynA showed 85% homology with Xyn2 from a mesophilic strain of Trichoderma viride.
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Qing Q, Wyman CE. Hydrolysis of different chain length xylooliogmers by cellulase and hemicellulase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1359-66. [PMID: 20943381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercial cellulase complexes produced by cellulolytic fungi contain enzyme activities that are capable of hydrolyzing non-cellulosic polysaccharides in biomass, primarily hemicellulose and pectins, in addition to cellulose. However, xylanase activities detected in most commercial enzyme preparations have been shown to be insufficient to completely hydrolyze xylan, resulting in high xylooligomer concentrations remaining in the hydrolysis broth. Our recent research showed that these xylooligomers are stronger inhibitors of cellulase activity than others have previously established for glucose and cellobiose, making their removal of great importance. In this study, a HPLC system that can measure xylooligomers with degrees of polymerization (DP) up to 30 was applied to assess how Spezyme CP cellulase, Novozyme 188 β-glucosidase, Multifect xylanase, and non-commercial β-xylosidase enzymes hydrolyze different chain length xylooligomers derived from birchwood xylan. Spezyme CP cellulase and Multifect xylanase partially hydrolyzed high DP xylooligomers to lower DP species and monomeric xylose, while β-xylosidase showed the strongest ability to degrade both high and low DP xylooligomers. However, about 10-30% of the higher DP xylooligomers were difficult to be breakdown by cellulase or xylanase and about 5% of low DP xylooligomers (mainly xylobiose) proved resistant to hydrolysis by cellulase or β-glucosidase, possibly due to low β-xylosidase activity in these enzymes and/or the precipitation of high DP xylooligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, CA 92507, USA
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Aachary AA, Prapulla SG. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an Emerging Prebiotic: Microbial Synthesis, Utilization, Structural Characterization, Bioactive Properties, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bakir U, Yilmaz L. Comparison of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of tobacco stalk xylan for preparation of xylooligosaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen LL, Zhang M, Zhang DH, Chen XL, Sun CY, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Purification and enzymatic characterization of two beta-endoxylanases from Trichoderma sp. K9301 and their actions in xylooligosaccharide production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5230-5236. [PMID: 19527927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma sp. K9301 secreting endoxylanases with an activity of 2836 U/g (dry weight) was screened for XOs production. Two acidic beta-endoxylanases EX1 (30.1 kDa) and EX2 (20.1 kDa) were purified from crude extract of the strain K9301 in solid fermentation. Action modes of EX1 and EX2 towards XOs showed similar hydrolysis characters to endoxylanases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 10 and 11, respectively. EX1 exhibited better affinity but lower hydrolytic efficiency than EX2 to xylans from beechwood, birchwood, and oat-spelt. They had synergistic action on xylan hydrolysis. The optimum condition to prepare XOs from corncobs was obtained as 10 mg/ml corncob xylan incubated with 10 U/mg crude enzymes at 50 degrees C for 3 h. The yield of XOs reached 43.3%, and only a little amount of xylose (3.1%) was simultaneously produced, suggesting the good potential of strain K9301 in XOs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Chen
- The State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Shin JH, Choi JH, Lee OS, Kim YM, Lee DS, Kwak YY, Kim WC, Rhee IK. Thermostable xylanase from Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus for optimal production of xylooligosaccharides. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Purification and Characterization of Two Extracellular Xylanases from Penicillium sclerotiorum: A Novel Acidophilic Xylanase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:429-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bostanci S. Enzymatic production of Xylooligosaccharide from selected agricultural wastes. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of xylanase by a newly isolated strain, Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bokhari SAI, Latif F, Rajoka MI. Purification and characterization of xylanases from Thermomyces lanuginosus and its mutant derivative possessing novel kinetic and thermodynamic properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li N, Shi P, Yang P, Wang Y, Luo H, Bai Y, Zhou Z, Yao B. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a new Streptomyces sp. S27 xylanase for which xylobiose is the main hydrolysis product. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 159:521-31. [PMID: 19002659 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A xylanase gene, xynBS27, was cloned from Streptomyces sp. S27 and consisted of 693 bp encoding a 230-residue protein, including a putative 41-residue signal peptide. Belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 11, XynBS27 exhibits the maximum identity (75.9%) to the xylanase from Streptomyces sp. zxy19. Recombinant XynBS27 was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, and the xylanase activity was 7624.0 U/ml after high-cell-density fermentation in 3.7-L fermenter. The purified recombinant XynBS27 had a high specific activity of 3272.0 U/mg. The optimum temperature and pH for XynBS27 activity was 65 degrees C and pH 6.5, respectively. XynBS27 showed good pH stability and retained more than 80% of the maximum activity after incubation in buffers with pH ranging between 4.0 and 12.0 at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The main hydrolysis product of xylan by XynBS27 was xylobiose (>75%), which was good for human health derived from its ability to modulate the intestinal function. The attractive biochemical characteristics of XynBS27 suggest that it may be a good candidate in a variety of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Tan SS, Li DY, Jiang ZQ, Zhu YP, Shi B, Li LT. Production of xylobiose from the autohydrolysis explosion liquor of corncob using Thermotoga maritima xylanase B (XynB) immobilized on nickel-chelated Eupergit C. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:200-4. [PMID: 17258452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a thermostable recombinant xylanase B (XynB) from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was immobilized on nickel-chelated Eupergit C 250L. This immobilized XynB was then used to hydrolyze the autohydrolysis explosion liquor of corncob (AELC) in a packed-bed enzyme reactor for continuous production of xylooligosaccharides, especially xylobiose. When tested in batch hydrolysis of AELC, the immobilized XynB still retained its relative activity of 92.5% after 10 cycles of hydrolysis at 90 degrees C. The immobilized XynB retained 83.6% of its initial hydrolysis activity even after 168 h of hydrolysis reaction at 90 degrees C and demonstrated a half-life time of 577.6 h (24 days) for continuous hydrolysis. HPLC showed that xylobiose (49.8%) and xylose (22.6%) were the main hydrolysis products yielded during continuous hydrolysis. Xylobiose was adsorbed on an activated charcoal column and eluted with a linear gradient of 15% (v/v) ethanol to yield xylobiose with 84.7% of recovery. Also, the purity of xylobiose was up to 97.2% as determined by HPLC. Therefore, the immobilized XynB was suitable for the efficient production of xylobiose from AELC. This is the first report on the immobilization of xylanase for xylobiose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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MERYANDINI ANJA. Characterization of Xylanase from Streptomyces spp. Strain C1-3. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.14.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Immobilization of Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 xylanase on Eudragit S-100 for xylo-oligosaccharide production. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiang Z, Deng W, Zhu Y, Li L, Sheng Y, Hayashi K. The recombinant xylanase B of Thermotoga maritima is highly xylan specific and produces exclusively xylobiose from xylans, a unique character for industrial applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Katapodis P, Vrsanská M, Kekos D, Nerinckx W, Biely P, Claeyssens M, Macris BJ, Christakopoulos P. Biochemical and catalytic properties of an endoxylanase purified from the culture filtrate of Sporotrichum thermophile. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1881-90. [PMID: 12932372 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanoxydrolase, EC 3.2.1.8) present in culture filtrates of Sporotrichum thermophile ATCC 34628 was purified to homogeneity by Q-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatographies. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 25,000 Da, an isoelectric point of 6.7, and is optimally active at pH 5 and at 70 degrees C. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that endo-xylanase liberates mainly xylose (Xyl) and xylobiose (Xyl2) from beechwood 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronoxylan, O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan and rhodymenan (a beta-(1-->4)-beta(1-->3)-xylan). Also, the enzyme releases an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide from 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronoxylan, and an isomeric xylotetraose and an isomeric xylopentaose from rhodymenan. Analysis of reaction mixtures by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the enzyme cleaves preferentially the internal glycosidic bonds of xylooligosaccharides, [1-3H]-xylooligosaccharides and xylan. The enzyme also hydrolyses the 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides of beta-xylobiose and beta-xylotriose at the second glycosidic bond adjacent to the aglycon. The endoxylanase is not active on pNPX and pNPC. The enzyme mediates a decrease in the viscosity of xylan associated with a release of only small amounts of reducing sugar. The enzyme is irreversibly inhibited by series of omega-epoxyalkyl glycosides of D-xylopyranose. The results suggest that the endoxylanase from S. thermophile has catalytic properties similar to the enzymes belonging to family 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Katapodis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Ave, Zografou Campus, 15700 Athens, Greece
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Optimization of xylanase production by Bacillus circulans D1 in submerged fermentation using response surface methodology. Process Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chivero ET, Mutukumira AN, Zvauya R. Partial purification and characterisation of a xylanase enzyme produced by a micro-organism isolated from selected indigenous fruits of Zimbabwe. Food Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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