1
|
Peng Q, Zheng H, Xu H, Cheng S, Yu C, Wu J, Meng K, Xie G. Response of soil fungi to textile dye contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124577. [PMID: 39032546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of textile dye contamination on the structure of soil fungal communities near a Shaoxing textile dye factory. We quantified the concentrations of various textile dyes, including anthraquinone azodye and phthalocyanine, which ranged from 20.20 to 140.62 mg kg^-1, 102.01-698.12 mg kg^-1, and 7.78-42.65 mg kg^-1, respectively, within a 1000 m radius of the factory. Our findings indicate that as dye concentration increases, the biodiversity of soil fungi, as measured by the Chao1 index, decreases significantly, highlighting the profound influence of dye contamination on fungal community structure. Additionally, microbial correlation network analysis revealed a reduction in fungal interactions correlating with increased dye concentrations. We also observed that textile dyes suppressed carbon and nitrogen metabolism in fungi while elevating the transcription levels of antioxidant-related genes. Enzymes such as lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase (Lac), dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs), and versatile peroxidase (VP) were upregulated in contaminated soils, underscoring the critical role of fungi in dye degradation. These insights contribute to the foundational knowledge required for developing in situ bioremediation technologies for contaminated farmlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, 900 Chengnan Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, 900 Chengnan Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Hangxi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, 900 Chengnan Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Shuangqi Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, 900 Chengnan Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chaohua Yu
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Food and Drug, National Center for Quality Inspection and Testing of Chinese Rice Wine, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jianjiang Wu
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality and Technical Supervision, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Kai Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, 900 Chengnan Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Guangfa Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology8and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shakerian F, Zhao J, Li SP. Recent development in the application of immobilized oxidative enzymes for bioremediation of hazardous micropollutants - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124716. [PMID: 31521938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the past several years, abundant progresses has been made in the development of immobilized oxidative enzymes with focus on finding new support materials, improving the immobilization methods and their applications. Nowadays, immobilized oxidative enzymes are broadly accepted as a green way to face the challenge of high amounts of micropollutants in nature. Among all oxidative enzymes, laccases and horseradish peroxidase were used frequently in recent years as they are general oxidative enzymes with ability to oxidize various types of compounds. Immobilized laccase or horseradish peroxidase are showed better stability, and reusability as well as easy separation from reaction mixture that make them more favorable and economic in compared to free enzymes. However, additional improvements are still essential such as: development of the new materials for immobilization with higher capacity, easy preparation, and cheaper price. Moreover, immobilization methods are still need improving to become more efficient and avoid enzyme wasting during immobilization and enzyme leakage through working cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Shakerian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Savoie JM, Mata G, Mamoun M. Variability in brown line formation and extracellular laccase production during interaction between white-rot basidiomycetes and Trichoderma harzianum biotype Th2. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2001.12063154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Savoie
- Unité de Recherches sur les Champignons, INRA, BP. 81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Gerardo Mata
- Departamento Hongos, Instituto de Ecologia, Apartado postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, México
| | - Michèle Mamoun
- Unité de Recherches sur les Champignons, INRA, BP. 81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Upscale and characterization of lignin-modifying enzymes from Marasmiellus palmivorus VE111 in a bioreactor under parameter optimization and the effect of inducers. J Biotechnol 2019; 295:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Biotransformation of industrial tannins by filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10361-10375. [PMID: 30293196 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They act as growth inhibitors for many microorganisms: they are released upon microbial attack, helping to fight infection in plant tissues. Extraction of tannins from plants is an active industrial sector with several applications, including oenology, animal feeding, mining, the chemical industry, and, in particular, the tanning industry. However, tannins are also considered very recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater of diverse origin. The ability to grow on plant substrates rich in tannins and on industrial tannin preparations is usually considered typical of some species of fungi. These organisms are able to tolerate the toxicity of tannins thanks to the production of enzymes that transform or degrade these substrates, mainly through hydrolysis and oxidation. Filamentous fungi capable of degrading tannins could have a strong environmental impact as bioremediation agents, in particular in the treatment of tanning wastewaters.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zdarta J, Meyer AS, Jesionowski T, Pinelo M. Developments in support materials for immobilization of oxidoreductases: A comprehensive review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 258:1-20. [PMID: 30075852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation, a biologically mediated transformation or degradation of persistent chemicals into nonhazardous or less-hazardous substances, has been recognized as a key strategy to control levels of pollutants in water and soils. The use of enzymes, notably oxidoreductases such as laccases, tyrosinases, various oxygenases, aromatic dioxygenases, and different peroxidases (all of EC class 1) is receiving significant research attention in this regard. It should be stated that immobilization is emphasized as a powerful tool for enhancement of enzyme activity and stability as well as for protection of the enzyme proteins against negative effects of harsh reaction conditions. As proper selection of support materials for immobilization and their performance is overlooked when it comes to comparing performance of immobilized enzyme in academic studies, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the materials used for enzyme immobilization of these oxidoreductase enzymes for environmental applications. In the presented study, thorough physicochemical characteristics of the support materials was presented. Moreover, various types of reactions and notably operational modes of enzymatic processes for biodegradation of harmful pollutants are summarized, and future trends in use of immobilized oxidoreductases for environmental applications are discussed. Our goal is to provide an improved foundation on which new technological advancements can be made to achieve efficient enzyme-assisted bioremediation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneider WDH, Fontana RC, Mendonça S, de Siqueira FG, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. High level production of laccases and peroxidases from the newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Marasmiellus palmivorus VE111 in a stirred-tank bioreactor in response to different carbon and nitrogen sources. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Valette N, Perrot T, Sormani R, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. Antifungal activities of wood extractives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
10
|
Qasemian L, Guiral D, Belghazi M, Ferré E, Gros R, Farnet AM. Identification of various laccases induced by anthracene and contribution to its degradation in a Mediterranean coastal pine litter. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1321-8. [PMID: 21663935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal ecosystems are known to be highly subject to natural and anthropic environmental stress. In this study, we examine the effects of anthracene as a common pollutant on the total microbial communities from a Pinus halepensis litter of a typical Mediterranean coastal site (Les Calanques, Marseille). The main objective was to identify the microbial factors leading the resilience of this ecosystem. Two questions were addressed: (i) how lignin-degrading enzymes (Laccase, Lignin-peroxidase and Mn-peroxidase) are affected by the presence of this molecule, (ii) whether the indigenous consortia are involved in its degradation in mesocosms under favorable incubation conditions (25 °C, 60% WHC) and after different time intervals (1 and 3 month(s)). We found a strong increase in laccase production in the presence of anthracene after 3 months, together with anthracene degradation (28%±5). Moreover 9,10-anthraquinone is detected as the product of anthracene oxidation after 3 months. However neither lignin-peroxidase activity nor Mn-peroxidase activity is detected. Laccase proteins directly extracted from litter were sequenced via Nano-LC-MS/MS and reveal twelve different peptide sequences induced by the presence of anthracene in the mesocoms. Our study confirms the major detoxification role of this enzymatic system and highlights the high degradation potential of fungal species inhabiting P. halepensis litter, a factor in the resilience of Mediterranean ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Qasemian
- Equipe Ecologie Microbienne et Biotechnologies, UMR CNRS IRD 6116, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de St. Jérôme, Université Paul Cézanne, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Steffen KT, Cajthaml T, Snajdr J, Baldrian P. Differential degradation of oak (Quercus petraea) leaf litter by litter-decomposing basidiomycetes. Res Microbiol 2007; 158:447-55. [PMID: 17537615 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, saprotrophic litter-decomposing basidiomycetes can significantly contribute to the turnover of soil organic matter. The production of lignin and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and changes in the chemical composition of litter was studied with Marasmius quercophilus, Mycena inclinata and Pholiota lenta, three basidiomycete species typical of oak (Quercus petraea) forests. Within 12weeks of incubation, M. inclinata decomposed 33%, M. quercophilus 36% and P. lenta 48% of the substrate dry mass. All fungi produced laccase and Mn-peroxidase and none of them produced lignin peroxidase or Mn-independent peroxidases. M. inclinata and M. quercophilus produced considerable laccase activity, while production by P. lenta was low. M. quercophilus and P. lenta produced most Mn-peroxidase at the beginning of the experiment, while the production by M. inclinata was more stable in time. Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase exhibited the highest activity among endocleaving glycosyl hydrolases while 1,4-beta-glucosidase was the main exocleaving enzyme. All fungi decreased the C:N ratio of the litter from 27 to 13-17 and M. inclinata and M. quercophilus also decreased the lignin content. Analytical pyrolysis of decayed litter showed changes in litter composition similar to those caused by white-rot fungi during wood decay, e.g. a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin ratio. These changes were more pronounced in M. inclinata and M. quercophilus. The results indicate that different litter-decomposing fungi can cause substantial litter transformation despite considerable differences in the production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari T Steffen
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laufer Z, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV, Lüthje S, Böttger M. Occurrence of laccases in lichenized ascomycetes of the Peltigerineae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:846-53. [PMID: 16797954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous findings of high extracellular redox activity in lichens, the results of the work presented here identify the enzymes involved as laccases. Despite numerous data on laccases in fungi and flowering plants, this is the first report of the occurrence of laccases in lichenized ascomycetes. Extracellular laccase activity was measured in 40 species of lichens from different taxonomic groupings and contrasting habitats. Out of 20 species tested from suborder Peltigerineae, 18 displayed laccase activity, while activity was absent in species tested from other lichen groups. Identification of the enzymes as laccases was confirmed by the ability of lichen leachates to readily metabolize substrates such as 2,2'-azino(bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), syringaldazine and o-tolidine in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, sensitivity of the enzymes to cyanide and azide, the enzymes having typical laccase pH and temperature optima, and an absorption spectrum with a peak at 614nm. Desiccation and wounding stimulated laccase activity. Laccase activity was not increased after treatment with normal inducers of laccase synthesis, suggesting that they are constitutively expressed. Electrophoresis showed that the active form of laccase from Peltigera malacea was a tetramer with an unusually high molecular mass of 340kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.7. The finding of abundant extracellular redox enzymes known to actively produce reactive oxygen species suggest that their roles may include increasing nutrient supply to lichens by delignification, and deterring pathogens by contributing to the oxidative burst. Furthermore, once released into the environment, they may participate in the carbon cycle by facilitating the breakdown or formation of humic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Laufer
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
AIMS To discover novel laccases potential for industrial applications. METHODS AND RESULTS Fungi were cultivated on solid media containing indicator compounds that enabled the detection of laccases as specific colour reactions. The indicators used were Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Poly R-478, guaiacol and tannic acid. The screening work resulted in isolation of 26 positive fungal strains. Liquid cultivations of positive strains confirmed that four efficient laccase producers were found in the screening. Biochemical characteristics of the four novel laccases were typical for fungal laccases in terms of molecular weight, pH optima and pI. The laccases showed good thermal stability at 60 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS Plate-test screening based on polymeric dye compounds, guaiacol and tannic acid is an efficient way to discover novel laccase producers. The results indicated that screening for laccase activity can be performed with guaiacol and RBBR or Poly R-478. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Laccases have many potential industrial applications including textile dye decolourization, delignification of pulp and effluent detoxification. It is essential to find novel, efficient enzymes to further develop these applications. This study showed that relatively simple plate test screening method can be used for discovery of novel laccases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Klonowska A, Gaudin C, Asso M, Fournel A, Réglier M, Tron T. LAC3, a new low redox potential laccase from Trametes sp. strain C30 obtained as a recombinant protein in yeast. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Purification of a laccase from Marasmius quercophilus induced with ferulic acid: reactivity towards natural and xenobiotic aromatic compounds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Ghosh A, Frankland JC, Thurston CF, Robinson CH. Enzyme production by Mycena galopus mycelium in artificial media and in Picea sitchensis F1 horizon needle litter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 107:996-1008. [PMID: 14531622 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756203008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mycena galopus is among the most important leaf litter decomposers in UK coniferous and angiosperm woodlands, having the potential to utilise all the major constituents of plant litter. Even so, the enzyme or combination of enzymes produced by M. galopus responsible for lignin depolymerisation was previously unknown. A range of media from liquid and semi-solid cultures to more natural substrata was tested to determine whether laccase was produced by an isolate of M. galopus, M9053. Malt extract liquid medium (MEL) with 2,5-xylidine favoured laccase production as compared with the same medium containing the inducers veratryl alcohol, veratryl aldehyde, veratric acid, homoveratric acid, vanillic acid or p-anisic acid. A semi-solid medium of cereal bran in phosphate buffer and a solid medium of Picea sitchensis F1 horizon needle litter were also not as effective as MEL with 2,5-xylidine as an inducer. Compared with six other isolates of the same species grown in MEL without inducers, M9053 exhibited rates of laccase activity fairly typical for M. galopus. An isolate from a dark coloured basidiome of M. galopus, but not var. nigra, exhibited the greatest activity while var. candida showed relatively low laccase activity. Marasmius androsaceus exhibited peak laccase production several days later than M. galopus. In addition, a manganese-dependent peroxidase that was responsible for 15% (in MEL culture fluid) and 39% (in needle litter extract III) of ligninolytic activity was produced by M9053. A further peroxidase was found to be the major ligninolytic constituent in MEL extracts (53%), and had a similar contribution to total activity (29%) as laccase (32%) in needle litter fraction III. Mycena galopus produced water- and buffer-extractable mannases and xylanases when grown on needle litter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Ghosh
- Division of Life Sciences, King's College, University of London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NN, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klonowska A, Gaudin C, Ruzzi M, Colao MC, Tron T. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis shows that the basidiomycete C30 belongs to the genus Trametes. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:25-8. [PMID: 12576155 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The basidiomycete C30 was considered as an isolate of a population of Marasmius quercophilus collected on evergreen oak litter from the Mediterranean forest. Recent phenotypic studies have clearly shown that it differs from newly characterized M. quercophilus isolates. Subsequent analysis of laccase genes revealed that C30 sequences are similar to laccase encoding sequences from organisms belonging to the polyporoid clade. Comparison of sequences of the C30 ITS regions, including 5.8S rDNA, with those found in databanks confirmed that C30 is not a Marasmius. Finally, 25S rDNA analysis revealed that C30 is closely related to the Coriolaceae and, in particular, to Trametes trogii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Klonowska
- Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale CNRS UMR 6517, case 432, Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klonowska A, Gaudin C, Fournel A, Asso M, Le Petit J, Giorgi M, Tron T. Characterization of a low redox potential laccase from the basidiomycete C30. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:6119-25. [PMID: 12473107 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new exocellular laccase was purified from the basidiomycete C30. LAC2 is an acidic protein (pI = 3.2) preferentially produced upon a combined induction by copper and p-hydroxybenzoate. The spectroscopic signature (UV/visible and EPR) of this isoform is typical of multicopper oxidases, but its enzymatic and physico-chemical properties proved to be markedly different from those of LAC1, the constitutive laccase previously purified from the same organism. In particular, the LAC2 kcat values observed for the oxidation of the substrates syringaldazine (kcat = 65 600 min-1), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-[3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate] (kcat = 41 000 min-1) and guaiacol (kcat = 75 680 min-1) are 10-40 times those obtained with LAC1 and the redox potential of its T1 copper is 0.17 V lower than that of LAC1 (E degrees = 0.73 V). This is the first report on a single organism producing simultaneously both a high and a low redox potential laccase. The cDNA, clac2, was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a protein of 528 amino acids that shares 69% identity (79% similarity) with LAC1 and 81% identity (95% similarity) with Lcc3-2 from Polyporus ciliatus (AF176321-1), its nearest neighbor in database. Possible reasons for why this basidiomycete produces, in vivo, enzyme forms with such different behaviors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Klonowska
- Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale CNRS UMR 6517 and Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS UMR 6116, Faculté des Sciences de St Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farnet A, Criquet S, Pocachard E, Gil G, Ferre E. Purification of a new isoform of laccase from a Marasmius quercophilusstrain isolated from a cork oak litter ( Quercus suberL). Mycologia 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2003.11833166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Pocachard
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Service 452, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 6116, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de St Jérôme, 13397, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | | | - E. Ferre
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Biologie et Radicaux Libres, Service 532, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 6517, Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Effect of different carbon and nitrogen regimes on Poly R decolorization by white-rot fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756201005202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Klonowska A, Le Petit J, Tron T. Enhancement of minor laccases production in the basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus C30. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 200:25-30. [PMID: 11410344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Marasmius quercophilus C30 is able to produce several laccases. The proportion of the enzymes produced depends on culture conditions. On malt medium, LAC1 was produced continuously over the 14 days of the cultivation period and was the only activity detectable. Copper increased total laccase activity by a factor 10 and induced the transient expression of one or more extra laccases in the culture medium. A combination of copper and p-hydroxybenzoic acid made it possible to extend the expression of induced laccase activities over the cultivation period and to reach a maximum activity 30 times higher than in non-induced culture. Extracellular laccases produced in this last condition were eluted as four peaks on an anion exchange column and were partially characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Klonowska
- Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale, CNRS UMR 6517, Faculté des Sciences de St Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Farnet AM, Criquet S, Tagger S, Gil G, Le Petit J. Purification, partial characterization, and reactivity with aromatic compounds of two laccases from Marasmius quercophilus strain 17. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:189-94. [PMID: 10749532 DOI: 10.1139/w99-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two isozymes of laccase were obtained from an induced liquid culture of Marasmius quercophilus with p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the inducer. Both the constitutive and the induced isozyme have a molecular mass of 60 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using isoelectric focusing, we found three isozymes with the constitutive enzyme (pI 4, 4.2, 4.4) and four of the induced form (pI 4.75, 4.85, 4.95, 5.1). We observed certain differences between these two isozymes; the specific activity of the induced isozyme was twice as high, and two optimum pH levels (5 and 6) were observed with the induced isozyme (only one, pH 5, for the constitutive isozyme). However, both of these enzymes have the same thermal stability and the same temperature for their highest activity (80 degrees C). Furthermore, the reactivity of both these enzymes with aromatic compounds was similar. The use of mediators extended the oxidized substrate range of the laccases studied. Various products of degradation were observed, depending on the mediator used. When laccase was used alone, the decrease of the signal corresponding to the aromatic cycle, without any formations of other peaks at different wavelengths, suggested polymerisation of aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Farnet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Service 452, Institute Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de St. Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dedeyan B, Klonowska A, Tagger S, Tron T, Iacazio G, Gil G, Le Petit J. Biochemical and molecular characterization of a laccase from Marasmius quercophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:925-9. [PMID: 10698753 PMCID: PMC91924 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.3.925-929.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycete Marasmius quercophilus is commonly found during autumn on the decaying litter of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), a plant characteristic of Mediterranean forest. This white-rot fungus colonizes the leaf surface with rhizomorphs, causing a total bleaching of the leaf. In synthetic liquid media, this white-rot fungus has strong laccase activity. From a three-step chromatographic procedure, we purified a major isoform to homogeneity. The gene encodes a monomeric glycoprotein of approximately 63 kDa, with a 3.6 isoelectric point, that contains 12% carbohydrate. Spectroscopic analysis of the purified enzyme (UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic absorption) confirmed that it belongs to the "blue copper oxidase" family. With syringaldazine as the substrate, the enzyme's pH optimum was 4.5, the optimal temperature was 75 degrees C, and the K(m) was 7.1 microM. The structural gene, lac1, was cloned and sequenced. This gene encodes a 517-amino-acid protein 99% identical to a laccase produced by PM1, an unidentified basidiomycete previously isolated from wastewater from a paper factory in Spain. This similarity may be explained by the ecological distribution of the evergreen oak in Mediterranean forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Dedeyan
- Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale, CNRS UMR 6517, Faculté des Sciences de St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Farnet AM, Roux M, Petit JL. Genotypic variations among isolates ofMarasmius quercophilus, a white-rot fungus isolated from evergreen oak litter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/b99-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Marasmius quercophilus is a white-rot basidiomycete isolated from evergreen oak litter. This fungus plays an extensive role in litter degradation because of its cellulase, pectinase, and laccase production. Our objective was to investigate the potential genotypic polymorphism of this species using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and the amplification and the sequencing of fragments ITS (internal transcribed spacer) from the rRNA repeat. An intraspecies polymorphism was observed for the M. quercophilus isolates studied as suggested by the tree found with RAPD data: seven subgroups were defined. The minimum similarity coefficient observed in these groups was 0.278. The sizes of fragments ITS 1 and ITS 2 were the same for each isolate (ITS 1: 320 bp and ITS 2: 450 bp), and the percentages of nucleotide variation were 1.25 and 1.11%, respectively. Few isolates from the studied population had the same RAPD pattern that would suggest a clonal development in some zones of the site of La Gardiole.Key words: Marasmius quercophilus, intraspecific variability, ITS, RAPD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Farnet AM, Tagger S, Petit JL. Effects of copper and aromatic inducers on the laccases of the white-rot fungus Marasmius quercophilus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|