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de Baat ML, Wieringa N, Droge STJ, van Hall BG, van der Meer F, Kraak MHS. Smarter Sediment Screening: Effect-Based Quality Assessment, Chemical Profiling, and Risk Identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14479-14488. [PMID: 31714076 PMCID: PMC6921687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play an essential role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems but simultaneously retain harmful compounds. However, sediment quality assessment methods that consider the risks caused by the combined action of all sediment-associated contaminants to benthic biota are still underrepresented in water quality assessment strategies. Significant advancements have been made in the application of effect-based methods, but methodological improvements can still advance sediment risk assessment. The present study aimed to explore such improvements by integrating effect-monitoring and chemical profiling of sediment contamination. To this end, 28 day life cycle bioassays with Chironomus riparius using intact whole sediment cores from contaminated sites were performed in tandem with explorative chemical profiling of bioavailable concentrations of groups of legacy and emerging sediment contaminants to investigate ecotoxicological risks to benthic biota. All contaminated sediments caused effects on the resilient midge C. riparius, stressing that sediment contamination is ubiquitous and potentially harmful to aquatic ecosystems. However, bioassay responses were not in line with any of the calculated toxicity indices, suggesting that toxicity was caused by unmeasured compounds. Hence, this study underlines the relevance of effect-based sediment quality assessment and provides smarter ways to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo L. de Baat
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Wieringa
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. J. Droge
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart G. van Hall
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel H. S. Kraak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lira VS, Watanabe CH, Carvalho MM, Rosa AH, Fracácio R. The Effects of Sediment Classification Pattern on a Water Column Organism, Ceriodaphnia dubia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:778-785. [PMID: 29651544 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sediment compartment stands out because it functions as both a temporary sink of pollutants and a potential source of these elements that may become available to the water column.This study aimed to correlate the concentrations of total metals in the crude sediment and in the interstitial water with the ecotoxicity in the water column using an a modified sediment ecotoxicity test with Ceriodaphnia dubia. The results indicate that the sediment may contribute to the toxicity in the water column and that such toxicity is possibly not related to the metals present. Based on the chemical analysis of the metals, the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) would frame the sediment as non-toxic to benthic organisms, but the SQGs have no reference standards for possible effects on nektonic organisms. Due to the complexity of this compartment, it is fundamental to evaluate the interactions of the different pollutants in the system and possible effects on the nektonic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Silva Lira
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Hitomi Watanabe
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Merides Carvalho
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, SP, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Fracácio
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, SP, Brazil.
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Buttino I, Vitiello V, Macchia S, Scuderi A, Pellegrini D. Larval development ratio test with the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa as a new bioassay to assess marine sediment quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:1-9. [PMID: 29145160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The copepod Acartia tonsa was used as a model species to assess marine sediment quality. Acute and chronic bioassays, such as larval development ratio (LDR) and different end-points were evaluated. As a pelagic species, A. tonsa is mainly exposed to water-soluble toxicants and bioassays are commonly performed in seawater. However, an interaction among A. tonsa eggs and the first larval stages with marine sediments might occur in shallow water environments. Here we tested two different LDR protocols by incubating A. tonsa eggs in elutriates and sediments coming from two areas located in Tuscany Region (Central Italy): Livorno harbour and Viareggio coast. The end-points analyzed were larval mortality (LM) and development inhibition (DI) expressed as the percentage of copepods that completed the metamorphosis from nauplius to copepodite. Aims of this study were: i) to verify the suitability of A. tonsa copepod for the bioassay with sediment and ii) to compare the sensitivity of A. tonsa exposed to different matrices, such as water and sediment. A preliminary acute test was also performed. Acute tests showed the highest toxicity of Livorno's samples (two out of three) compared to Viareggio samples, for which no effect was observed. On the contrary, LDR tests with sediments and elutriates revealed some toxic effects also for Viareggio's samples. Results were discussed with regards to the chemical characterization of the samples. Our results indicated that different end-points were affected in A. tonsa, depending on the matrices to which the copepods were exposed and on the test used. Bioassays with elutriates and sediments are suggested and LDR test could help decision-makers to identify a more appropriate management of dredging materials.
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Picone M, Bergamin M, Delaney E, Ghirardini AV, Kusk KO. Testing lagoonal sediments with early life stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): An approach to assess sediment toxicity in the Venice Lagoon. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:217-227. [PMID: 28843531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The early-life stages of development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa from egg to copepodite I is proposed as an endpoint for assessing sediment toxicity by exposing newly released eggs directly onto the sediment-water interface. A preliminary study of 5 sediment samples collected in the lagoon of Venice highlighted that the larval development rate (LDR) and the early-life stages (ELS) mortality endpoints with A. tonsa are more sensitive than the standard amphipod mortality test; moreover LDR resulted in a more reliable endpoint than ELS mortality, due to the interference of the sediment with the recovery of unhatched eggs and dead larvae. The LDR data collected in a definitive study of 48 sediment samples from the Venice Lagoon has been analysed together with the preliminary data to evaluate the statistical performances of the bioassay (among replicate variance and minimum significant difference between samples and control) and to investigate the possible correlation with sediment chemistry and physical properties. The results showed that statistical performances of the LDR test with A. tonsa correspond with the outcomes of other tests applied to the sediment-water interface (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryotoxicity test), sediments (Neanthes arenaceodentata survival and growth test) and porewater (S. purpuratus); the LDR endpoint did, however, show a slightly higher variance as compared with other tests used in the Lagoon of Venice, such as 10-d amphipod lethality test and larval development with sea urchin and bivalves embryos. Sediment toxicity data highlighted the high sensitivity and the clear ability of the larval development to discriminate among sediments characterized by different levels of contamination. The data of the definitive study evidenced that inhibition of the larval development was not affected by grain-size and the organic carbon content of the sediment; in contrast, a strong correlation between inhibition of the larval development and the sediment concentrations of some metals (Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was found. No correlation was found with DDTs, hexachlorobenzene and organotin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Thetis S.p.A., Castello 2737/f, I-30122 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, Mestre, I-30170 Venice, Italy.
| | | | | | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, Mestre, I-30170 Venice, Italy
| | - Kresten Ole Kusk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Moreira LB, Castro ÍB, Hortellani MA, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Petti MAV, Fillmann G, Sarkis JES, Bícego MC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Abessa DMS. Effects of harbor activities on sediment quality in a semi-arid region in Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:137-151. [PMID: 27723466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical marine environments are rich in biodiversity and the presence of harbor activities in these areas can harm the coastal ecosystems. In this study, we assessed sediment quality of two harbors from a tropical region in Brazil by applying multiple lines-of-evidence approach. This approach included the integration of results on: (1) grain size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and tributyltin; (2) acute toxicity of whole sediments and chronic toxicity of liquid phases; and (3) benthic community descriptors. Our results revealed that the main contaminants detected in sediments from Mucuripe and Pecém Harbors were chromium, copper, nitrogen, zinc, and tributyltin. These toxicants arise from typical harbor activities. However, the changes in benthic composition and structure appear to depend on a combination of physical impacts, such as the deposition of fine sediments and the toxic potential of contaminants, especially in Mucuripe. Thus, apart from toxicants physical processes are important in describing risks. This information may assist in management and conservation of marine coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo B Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Hortellani
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio T Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica A V Petti
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge E S Sarkis
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denis M S Abessa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil
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Souza IS, Araujo GS, Cruz ACF, Fonseca TG, Camargo JBDA, Medeiros GF, Abessa DMS. Using an integrated approach to assess the sediment quality of an estuary from the semi-arid coast of Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:70-82. [PMID: 26892205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Jundiaí-Potengi Estuary (JPE) on the semi-arid coast of Brazil is influenced by multiple sources of pollution. Sediment quality at 10 JPE sites was evaluated through an integrated approach. Rainy and dry seasons were considered. Collected sediments were analyzed for texture, metal, nitrogen, phosphorus concentrations, and toxicity to invertebrates. Geochemical and ecotoxicological data were integrated using qualitative approaches and multivariate techniques. We observed decreased sediment quality in both seasons, particularly in the mid-estuary. In the dry season, the contamination-toxicity relationship was clearer, as hydrological conditions favor contaminant retention within the estuary. Rainy season conditions were found to be worse, since stormwater drainage from agricultural and urban areas carries the contamination into the estuary. Because of the contamination sources and dissolved and particle-bound metal transport, contamination and toxicity did not correlate as clearly in the rainy season. The results suggest that unmeasured contaminants are contributing to JPE sediment degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanildo Surini Souza
- Ceará Federal University - UFC, Institute of Marine Sciences, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE 60165-081, Brazil; Rio Grande do Norte Federal Institute for Science and Technology Education - IFRN, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, Natal, RN 59015-000, Brazil.
| | - Giuliana Seraphim Araujo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Tainá Garcia Fonseca
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | | | - Guilherme Fulgêncio Medeiros
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 1524, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Ceará Federal University - UFC, Institute of Marine Sciences, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE 60165-081, Brazil; São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
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Díaz-Garduño B, Rueda-Márquez JJ, Manzano MA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Are combined AOPs effective for toxicity reduction in receiving marine environment? Suitability of battery of bioassays for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent as an ecotoxicological assessment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 114:1-11. [PMID: 26741736 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessment of three different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents D1, D2 and D3 was performed before and after tertiary treatment using combination of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A multibarrier treatment (MBT) consisting of microfiltration (MF), hydrogen peroxide photolysis (H2O2/UVC) and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was applied for all effluents. Sparus aurata, Paracentrotus lividus, Isochrysis galbana and Vibrio fischeri, representing different trophic levels, constituted the battery of bioassays. Different acute toxicity effects were observed in each WWTP effluents tested. The percentage of sea urchin larval development and mortality fish larvae were the most sensitive endpoints. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) of effluent's toxicity was observed using a classification pT-method after MBT process. Base on obtained results, tested battery of bioassays in pT-method framework can be recommended for acute toxicity preliminary evaluation of WWTP effluents for the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - J J Rueda-Márquez
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M A Manzano
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Tavakoly Sany SB, Hashim R, Rezayi M, Salleh A, Safari O. A review of strategies to monitor water and sediment quality for a sustainability assessment of marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:813-833. [PMID: 24142490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The basic aim of this work is (1) to review and present practically operational requirements for a sustainability assessment of marine environment, such as describing the monitoring process, research approaches, objectives, guidelines, and indicators and (2) to illustrate how physico-chemical and biological indicators can be practically applied, to assess water and sediment quality in marine and coastal environment. These indicators should meet defined criteria for practical usefulness, e.g. they should be simple to understand and apply to managers and scientists with different educational backgrounds. This review aimed to encapsulate that variability, recognizing that meaningful guidance should be flexible enough to accommodate the widely differing characteristics of marine ecosystems.
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Nilin J, Moreira LB, Aguiar JE, Marins R, de Souza Abessa DM, da Cruz Lotufo TM, Costa-Lotufo LV. Sediment quality assessment in a tropical estuary: the case of Ceará River, Northeastern Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 91:89-96. [PMID: 23522752 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the sediment quality in a tropical estuary located in the northeast of Brazil under semi-arid conditions and multiple sources of contamination, using both toxicity bioassays and metal distribution. The metal distribution followed a concentration gradient decreasing one order of magnitude from the inner station toward the outer estuary, with amounts in the following order: Fe > Al > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu. The index of geoaccumulation indicated a metal enrichment in the Ceará river sediment, mainly at inner sites, considered from moderately to strongly contaminated by Al, Cu, Cr and Zn. Sediment samples were considered toxic by means of whole sediment tests with copepods (reproduction) and amphipods (survival), and also elutriate fraction and sediment-water interface with sea urchin embryos (development). Acute and chronic toxicity did not exhibit a significant correlation with metals, emphasizing the influence of other contaminants mainly related to the pollution sources installed in the mid-estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeamylle Nilin
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza 60165-081, Ceará, Brazil
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Banks JL, Ross DJ, Keough MJ, Eyre BD, Macleod CK. Measuring hypoxia induced metal release from highly contaminated estuarine sediments during a 40 day laboratory incubation experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 420:229-237. [PMID: 22321900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient inputs to estuarine and coastal waters worldwide are increasing and this in turn is increasing the prevalence of eutrophication and hypoxic and anoxic episodes in these systems. Many urbanised estuaries are also subject to high levels of anthropogenic metal contamination. Environmental O(2) levels may influence whether sediments act as sinks or sources of metals. In this study we investigated the effect of an extended O(2) depletion event (40 days) on fluxes of trace metals (and the metalloid As) across the sediment-water interface in sediments from a highly metal contaminated estuary in S.E. Tasmania, Australia. We collected sediments from three sites that spanned a range of contamination and measured total metal concentration in the overlying water using sealed core incubations. Manganese and iron, which are known to regulate the release of other divalent cations from sub-oxic sediments, were released from sediments at all sites as hypoxia developed. In contrast, the release of arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc was comparatively low, most likely due to inherent stability of these elements within the sediments, perhaps as a result of their refractory origin, their association with fine-grained sediments or their being bound in stable sulphide complexes. Metal release was not sustained due to the powerful effect of metal-sulphide precipitation of dissolved metals back into sediments. The limited mobilisation of sediment bound metals during hypoxia is encouraging, nevertheless the results highlight particular problems for management in areas where hypoxia might occur, such as the release of metals exacerbating already high loads or resulting in localised toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Banks
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Pascoe GA, Kroeger K, Leisle D, Feldpausch RJ. Munition constituents: Preliminary sediment screening criteria for the protection of marine benthic invertebrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:807-816. [PMID: 20674958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sediment screening criteria for many munition constituents (MC) are not available in sources typically used in regulatory-driven ecological risk assessments for contaminated sediment sites. Preliminary sediment quality benchmarks (SQBs) for MC were developed for screening potential risks to marine benthic invertebrates at a munitions contaminated sediment site in Puget Sound, WA, USA. SQBs were developed for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 13 breakdown products; six other explosive nitroaromatic compounds and nitramines (e.g., RDX, HMX); and five propellants, plasticizers, and stabilizers. The SQBs were developed using freshwater and limited marine aquatic toxicity values (and hence are considered preliminary) and equilibrium partitioning theory to relate water concentrations of the compounds to sediment concentrations. The SQBs are derived from the lowest available aquatic toxicity values for aquatic invertebrates from published reviews, original studies, and database sources; ranges of logK(ow) and K(oc) values from published reviews and database sources, and some K(oc) values calculated from logK(ow). SQBs are presented for 25 MC as organic carbon-normalized values and as ranges of dry weight values for various levels of organic carbon content of sediments. Comparison of the preliminary SQBs with method detection limits and sample detection limits achieved at the contaminated sediment site demonstrates their utility in risk screening of benthic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Pascoe
- Pascoe Environmental Consulting, 210 Taylor Street, Room 15, Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA.
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Hernández OD, Gutiérrez AJ, González-Weller D, Lozano G, Melón EG, Rubio C, Hardisson A. Accumulation of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum Philippi, 1845, in an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:227-233. [PMID: 19399849 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This document shows the results obtained from a study on the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the internal tissue and exoskeleton of sea urchins, collected from their natural habitat. The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the internal tissue were 304.04 and 260.54 microg/kg respectively, whereas in the shell they were 185.02 and 142.48 microg/kg. We also performed a statistical analysis of the differences in the distribution of metals between their exoskeleton and their internal content, a correlation study of the metal content in internal tissue and shell and sampling areas, and a correlation study between the metal content and sample size. Since the sea urchin Diadema antillarum presents a wide range of variation in metal content, this study suggests that this species is an excellent bioindicator of heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Dolores Hernández
- Department of Public Health and Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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13
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Standardisation du développement larvaire de l'oursin, Paracentrotus lividus, pour l'évaluation de la qualité d'une eau de mer. C R Biol 2009; 332:1104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liber K, Goodfellow W, den Besten P, Clements W, Galloway T, Gerhardt A, Green A, Simpson S. In situ-based effects measures: considerations for improving methods and approaches. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2007; 3:246-58. [PMID: 17477292 DOI: 10.1897/2006-029fin.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ-based effects measures have gained increased acceptance as a means to improve the link between cause and effect in aquatic ecotoxicological studies. These approaches have primarily been employed where more conventional laboratory tests with field collected samples and routine in-field community surveys have failed to provide reasonable answers with respect to causes of toxicity, primary routes of contaminant exposure, and what constitutes ecotoxicologically relevant contaminant levels, at least at a site-specific level. One of the main advantages provided by in situ tests compared to more conventional field-based monitoring approaches is that they provide better control over stressor exposure to a defined population of test animals under natural or near-natural field conditions. In situ techniques can also be used to avoid artifacts related to sampling, transport and storage of contaminated water and sediment intended for laboratory-based toxicity assessment. In short, they can reduce the need for laboratory to field extrapolation and, when conducted properly, in situ tests can provide improved diagnostic ability and high ecological relevance. This paper provides suggestions and considerations for designing in situ studies, choosing test species and test endpoints, avoiding or minimizing test artifacts, best addressing some of the limitations of in situ test techniques, and generally improving the overall quality of the in situ approach chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
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McDonald BG. Comparison of porewater and elutriate bivalve larval development toxicity testing in a sediment quality triad framework. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2005; 62:383-90. [PMID: 16216632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent porewater (PW) and elutriate (ELU) toxicity testing using newly fertilized larvae of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis was conducted as part of sediment quality triad (SQT) investigations for urban harbor locations. PW samples were consistently more toxic to bivalve larvae than the corresponding ELU sample, including samples collected from uncontaminated reference locations. Ammonia was identified as the most likely toxic agent. EC(20) and EC(50) values of 0.028 and 0.036mg/L un-ionized N, respectively, were determined for M. galloprovincialis. The limitations of incorporating PW bivalve larval development toxicity tests using M. galloprovincialis for routine SQT investigations, as well as possible alternative methods, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair G McDonald
- Golder Associates Ltd., 195 Pemberton Avenue, North Vancouver, BC, Canada V7P 2R4.
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Eriksson Wiklund AK, Dag Broman BS. Toxicity evaluation by using intact sediments and sediment extracts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:660-7. [PMID: 15935181 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of intact sediments and sediment extracts, from both an uncontaminated site and a site contaminated by pulp-mill effluents, was tested in a five months study. The deposit-feeding amphipod Monoporeia affinis was exposed in soft-bottom flow-through water microcosms. To examine potential toxicity a set of reproduction endpoints was used including fecundity and different embryo aberrations such as malformed eggs. Among extracts, the aliphatic/monoaromatic and diaromatic fractions along with the total extract were shown to cause the highest toxicity measured as malformed eggs, while the polyaromatic fraction caused toxicity at background levels. A comparison between sediment extracts and pulp mill contaminated intact sediment, however, showed no toxicity of the intact sediment. Thus, the extraction procedure seems to increase bioavailability and subsequently toxicity as compared to the intact sediments in situ. In toxicity testing using fractionated extracts of sediments in a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures, caution should therefore be taken when assessing bioavailable contaminants in contaminated areas. This should be taken in account both in determining remediation priorities as well as in ecological risk assessments.
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Simpson SL, Batley GE. Disturbances to metal partitioning during toxicity testing of iron(II)-rich estuarine pore waters and whole sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:424-432. [PMID: 12558176 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620220225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal partitioning is altered when suboxic estuarine sediments containing Fe(II)-rich pore waters are disturbed during collection, preparation, and toxicity testing. Experiments with model Fe(II)-rich pore waters demonstrated the rates at which adsorptive losses of Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn occur upon exposure to air. Experiments with Zn-contaminated estuarine sediments demonstrated large and often unpredictable changes to metal partitioning during sediment storage, removal of organisms, and homogenization before testing. Small modifications to conditions, such as aeration of overlying waters, caused large changes to the metal partitioning. Disturbances caused by sediment collection required many weeks for reestablishment of equilibrium. Bioturbation by benthic organisms led to oxidation of pore-water Fe(II) and lower Zn fluxes because of the formation of Fe hydroxide precipitates that adsorb pore-water Zn. For five weeks after the addition of organisms to sediments, Zn fluxes increased slowly as the organisms established themselves in the sediments, indicating that the establishment of equilibrium was not rapid. The results are discussed in terms of the dynamic nature of suboxic, Fe(II)-rich estuarine sediments, how organisms perturb their environment, and the importance of understanding chemistry in toxicity testing with whole sediments or pore water. Recommendations are provided for the handling of sediments for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Advanced Analytical Chemistry, CSIRO Energy Technology, Private Mail Bag 7, Bangor, NSW 2234, Australia.
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Chapman PM, Wang F, Germano JD, Batley G. Pore water testing and analysis: the good, the bad, and the ugly. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2002; 44:359-366. [PMID: 12146818 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly common practice of collecting and assessing sediment pore water as a primary measure of sediment quality is reviewed. Good features of this practice include: pore water is a key exposure route for some organisms associated with sediments; pore water testing eliminates particle size effects; pore water analyses and tests can provide useful information regarding contamination and pollution. Bad features include: pore water is not the only exposure route; pore water tests lack chemical or biological realism: their "sensitivity" relative to other tests may be meaningless due to manipulation and laboratory artifacts; many sediment and surface dwelling organisms are not directly influenced by pore water. Bad features can become ugly if: other exposure pathways are not considered (for toxicity or bioaccumulation); manipulation techniques are not appropriate; pore water tests are inappropriately linked to population-level effects. Pore water testing and analyses can be effective tools provided their limitations are well understood by researchers and managers.
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