1
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Aydoğan B, Usta N. Effects of dolomite and intumescent flame retardant additions on thermal and combustion behaviors of rigid polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aydoğan
- Ship Construction Department, Maritime Vocational High School Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Balıkesir Turkey
| | - Nazim Usta
- Energy Division, Mechanical Engineering Department Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
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2
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Fire-retardant and electrocatalytic performance of N, P-graphene fiber nonwoven fabrics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Liu Y, Tang Z, Zhu J. Synergistic flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Zhaobin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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4
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Hobson J, Yin GZ, Yu X, Zhou X, Prolongo SG, Ao X, Wang DY. Synergistic Effect of Cerium Oxide for Improving the Fire-Retardant, Mechanical and Ultraviolet-Blocking Properties of EVA/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5867. [PMID: 36079247 PMCID: PMC9457504 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth oxide particles have received important attention in recent years, and due to the wide diversity of promising applications, the need for this kind of material is predicted to expand as the requirements to use the current resources become more demanding. In this work, cerium oxide (CeO2) was introduced into ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composites for enhancing the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and anti-ultraviolet aging performance. The target EVA/MDH/CeO2 composites were prepared by extrusion and injection molding, and the effects of the addition of the CeO2 were explored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetry test, and anti-ultraviolet aging test. Typically, the incorporation of the CeO2 allows a significant increase of the elongation at break and Young's modulus compared with EVA/MDH by 52.25% and 6.85%, respectively. The pHRR remarkably decreased from 490.6 kW/m2 for EVA/MDH to 354.4 kW/m2 for EVA/MDH/CeO2 composite. It was found that the CeO2 presents excellent synergism with MDH in the composites for the anti-UV properties in terms of mechanical properties preservation. Notably, the combination of CeO2 with MDH is a novel and simple method to improve the filler-polymer interaction and dispersion, which resulted in the improvement of the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and the anti-ultraviolet aging performance of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Hobson
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Prolongo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Xiang Ao
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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5
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Tomiak F, Drummer D. The Impact of β-Radiation Crosslinking on Flammability Properties of PA6 Modified by Commercially Available Flame-Retardant Additives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153168. [PMID: 35956684 PMCID: PMC9371137 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted investigating the influence of β-radiation crosslinking (β-RC) on the fire behavior of flame retardant-modified polyamide 6 (PA6). In order to provide a comprehensive overview, a variety of commercially available flame-retardant additives were investigated, exhibiting different flame retarding actions such as delusion, char formation, intumescence and flame poisoning. This study focused on the identification of differences in the influence of β-RC on fire behavior. Coupled thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to conduct changes within the decomposition processes. Dynamic thermal analysis (DTA) was used to identify structural stability limits and fire testing was conducted using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 and cone calorimeter testing. Crosslinking was found to substantially change the fire behavior observed, whereas the observed phenomena were exclusively physical for the given formulations studied: warpage, char residue destruction and anti-dripping. Despite these phenomena being observed for all β-RC formulations, the impact on fire resistivity properties were found to be very different. However, the overall fire protection properties measured in UL-94 fire tests were found to deteriorate for β-RC formulations. Only β-RC formulations based on PA6/EG were found to achieve a UL-94 V0 classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tomiak
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fuerth, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fuerth, Germany
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6
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Xu J, Yang H, Luo Z, Wu D, Cao G. Synergistic effects of core@double-shell structured magnesium hydroxide microcapsules on flame retardancy and smoke suppression in flexible poly(vinyl chloride). RSC Adv 2022; 12:2914-2927. [PMID: 35425324 PMCID: PMC8979050 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop an effective flame retardant for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), a core@double-shell structured magnesium hydroxide@9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide@melamine formaldehyde resin (MH@DOPO@ MF) encapsulated flame retardant was prepared. Its flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects in flexible PVC were investigated. Results show that the PVC/10 wt% MH@DOPO@MF composite has the best flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance in comparison with pure flexible PVC and the PVC/20 wt% MH composite. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PVC/10 wt% MH@DOPO@MF composite was ∼30.8%, achieving a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test. MH@DOPO@MF in PVC remarkably increases the yields of the residual char and drastically decreased the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP). The mechanical property testing showed that MH@DOPO@MF had slight damage on the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC. This is ascribed to the synergistic flame-retardant effects of MH coordination with DOPO and MF. The present work demonstrates that the core@double-shell structured microcapsule (MH@DOPO@MF) prepared in this efficient manner has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression, and may provide a candidate flame retardant for applying in flexible PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshui Xu
- Shantou Guangyou-Malion New Materials Research Institute, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Shantou Guangyou-Malion New Materials Research Institute, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Zibo Luo
- Shantou Guangyou-Malion New Materials Research Institute, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Dang Wu
- Shantou Guangyou-Malion New Materials Research Institute, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Gengyu Cao
- Shantou Guangyou-Malion New Materials Research Institute, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
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7
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Expandable Graphite for Flame Retardant PA6 Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162733. [PMID: 34451272 PMCID: PMC8400737 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new expandable graphite (EG) type was studied as a flame retardant additive in Polyamide 6 (PA6). The fire behavior was characterized by a cone calorimeter using external heat fluxes of 35, 50 and 65 kW/m2, limiting the oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 burning tests. Additionally, electric and thermal conductivity as well as rheological properties were characterized to provide a general property overview. Fire tests were conducted using dry and humid conditioned samples. Cone Calorimeter tests showed a minimum filling degree of 15 wt.% (8.6 vol.%) EG was required to achieve a significant fire inhibiting effect in PA6 independent of the sample condition. UL-94 fire tests show a V0 classification at filling degrees greater than 20 wt.% (humid) and 25 wt.% (dry), although the associated LOI values of 39% and 38% demonstrate good flammability inhibition. Correlation analyses were conducted to identify major influences given by the sample condition for most important key figures measured in cone calorimeter tests. Accordingly, humid-conditioned samples containing between 2.5 (PA6 + 25 wt.% EG) and 4.2 wt.% (PA6) water were found to reduce the total heat evolved (THE) on average by 16% and the total smoke production (TSP) on average by 22%.
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8
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Li R, Wang N, Bai Z, Chen S, Guo J, Chen X. Microstructure design of polypropylene/expandable graphite flame retardant composites toughened by the polyolefin elastomer for enhancing its mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6022-6034. [PMID: 35423165 PMCID: PMC8694853 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09978c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced toughness of flame-retardant polymer composites is still a big challenge due to the deterioration of their mechanical properties. In this work, polypropylene (PP)/nanohybrid expandable graphite (nEG) flame-retardant composites toughened by octene-ethylene copolymer (POE) were fabricated for obtaining good mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The structure, rheological and crystallization behaviors, morphology, flame retardancy, and mechanical property of PP/nEG/POE composites with different contents of POE were investigated. Results show that the elongation at break and impact strength of PP composites were significantly improved due to the incorporation of POE. The elongation at break and notched impact strength of toughened PP composites with only 20% POE were increased to 521.6% and 22.9 kJ m-2 from 16.1% and 9.3 kJ m-2 for untoughened PP composites, respectively. The scanning electron micrography (SEM) images showed that POE droplets were dispersed finely and uniformly in the PP matrix, exhibiting a typical two-phase structure. Additionally, the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and inorganic particles was enhanced due to the addition of POE. The rheological behaviors of PP composites showed improved elasticity and longer relaxation times, and a stress-yield behavior appeared with the addition of POE. The interfacial interaction in PP composites was enhanced and the formation of an interparticle network was further proved. Additionally, the toughened PP/nEG20 composites with different contents of POE exhibited excellent flame retardancy. Therefore, the toughened flame-retardant PP composites should possess a wider range of application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China .,Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute, Ningxia Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China Energy Group Yinchuan 750411 China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhuyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610015 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang 550014 China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China .,Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610015 China
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9
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Chen Z, Xu Y, Yu Y, Chen T, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. Polyaniline-modified Fe2O3 / expandable graphite: A system for promoting the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and electrical properties of epoxy resin. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Chen W, Li H, Li L, Wang X. Reinforcing Condensed Phase Flame Retardancy through Surface Migration of Brucite@Zinc Borate-Incorporated Systems. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28186-28195. [PMID: 33163801 PMCID: PMC7643222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An efficient brucite@zinc borate (3ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O) composite flame retardant (CFR), consisting of an incorporated nanostructure, is designed and synthesized via a simple and facile electrostatic adsorption route. It has been demonstrated that this incorporated system can enhance the interfacial interaction and improve the mechanical properties when used in ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composites. Meanwhile, in the process of burning, the CFR particles can successively migrate and accumulate to the surface of the burning zone, increasing the local concentration and rapidly generating a compact barrier layer through a condensed phase reinforcement mechanism even at a lower loading value. Especially, compared with the EVA/physical mixture (PM, with the same proportion of brucite and zinc borate), the heat release rate (HRR), the peak of the heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat released (THR), the smoke production rate (SPR), and mass loss are considerably reduced. According to this study, controlling the nanostructure of flame-retardant particles, to improve the condensed phase char layer, gives a new approach for the design of green flame retardants.
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11
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Hu Z, Xu T, Liu P, Oeser M, Wang H. Improvements of Developed Graphite Based Composite Anti-Aging Agent on Thermal Aging Properties of Asphalt. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184005. [PMID: 32927682 PMCID: PMC7558940 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt and the release amount of harmful volatiles during the construction of asphalt pavement, a new composite anti-aging agent was developed. Since the volatiles were mainly released from saturates and aromatics during the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt, expanded graphite (EG) was selected as a stabilizing agent to load magnesium hydroxide (MH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles for preparing the anti-aging agents of saturates and aromatics, respectively. Thermal stability and volatile constituents released from saturates and aromatics before and after the thermal-oxidative aging were characterized using the isothermal Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimetry-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer test (TG/DSC-FTIR test). Test results indicate that anti-aging agents of EG/MH and EG/CaCO3 effectively inhibit the volatilization of light components in asphalt and improve the thermal stability of saturates and aromatics. Then, the proportions of EG, MH, and CaCO3 added in the developed composite anti-aging agent of EG/MH/CaCO3 are 2:1:3 by weight. EG/MH/CaCO3 plays a synergetic effect on inhibiting the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt, and reduces the release amount of harmful volatiles during the thermal-oxidative aging after EG/MH/CaCO3 is added into asphalt at the proposed content of 10 wt.%. EG plays a synergistic role with MH and CaCO3 nanoparticles to prevent the chain reactions, inhibiting the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Hu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Institute of Highway Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Street 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (H.W.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Institute of Highway Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Street 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Markus Oeser
- Institute of Highway Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Street 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Section of Pavement Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (H.W.)
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12
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Zhang K, Wu H, Wu R, Yang G, Wang T, Xie J, Qu H. Effect of Ni
2+
chelated to the surface of
PBFA
on the charring flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- Department of Basic Courses Agriculture University of Hebei Huanghua China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Guang Yang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Tian Wang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Jixing Xie
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongqiang Qu
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
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13
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Reuter J, Greiner L, Kukla P, Döring M. Efficient flame retardant interplay of unsaturated polyester resin formulations based on ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Liu T, Wang F, Li G, Liu P, Gao C, Ding Y, Zhang S, Kong X, Yang M. Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles grafted by DOPO and its flame retardancy in ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Gen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Department of Fire and Thermal Insulation Test Beijing Building Materials Testing Academy Co., LTD. Beijing PR China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
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15
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Liu J, He Y, Chang H, Guo Y, Li H, Pan B. Simultaneously improving flame retardancy, water and acid resistance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer by introducing magnesium hydroxide/red phosphorus co-microcapsule and carbon nanotube. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Wang J, Xue L, Zhao B, Lin G, Jin X, Liu D, Zhu H, Yang J, Shang K. Flame Retardancy, Fire Behavior, and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant EPDM Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythrotol and Expandable Graphite. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244035. [PMID: 31817279 PMCID: PMC6947204 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intumescent flame retardant ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) was prepared using intumescent flame retardant (IFR), including ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /pentaerythrotol (PER) and expandable graphite (EG), as the flame retardant agent. The effects of IFR and EG on the flame retardancy, fire behavior, and thermal stability of the EPDM were investigated. The results show that IFR and EG have excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. When the mass ratio of IFR to EG is 3:1 and the total addition content is 40 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the EPDM material (EPDM/IFR/EG) can reach 30.4%, and it can pass a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion (UL-94) test. Meanwhile, during the cone calorimetry test, the heat release rate and total heat release of EPDM/IFR/EG are 69.0% and 33.3% lower than that of the pure EPDM, respectively, and the smoke release of the material also decreases significantly, suggesting that the sample shows good fire safety. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of IFR and EG is systematically investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results indicate that IFR and EG have only physical interaction. Moreover, the reason why IFR exhibits a poor flame retardant effect in EPDM materials is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bi Zhao
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Guide Lin
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Xing Jin
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Haibo Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-022-23861237 (K.S.)
| | - Ke Shang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-022-23861237 (K.S.)
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17
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Abstract
Intumescent flame-retardant coating (IFRC) provides a protective barrier to heat and mass transfer for the most efficient utilization of a wide variety of passive fire protection systems at the recent development. This article highlights the fire-resistance, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the IFRC using a Bunsen burner, furnace, Scanning Electron Microscope, freeze-thaw stability test, Instron Micro Tester, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. The five IFRC formulations were mixed with vermiculite and perlite for the fabrication of fire-resistant timber door prototypes in this research project. Additionally, the best fire-resistance performance of the fire-rated door prototype was selected and compared with a commercial prototype under the fire endurance test. An inventive fire-rated door prototype (P2), with a low density of 636.45 kg/m3, showed an outstanding fire-resistance rating performance, resulting in temperature reduction by up to 54.9 °C, as compared with that of the commercial prototype. Significantly, a novel fire-rated timber door prototype with the addition of formulating intumescent coating has proven to be efficient in preventing fires and maintaining its integrity by surviving a fire resistance period of 2 h.
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18
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Reuter J, Greiner L, Schönberger F, Döring M. Synergistic flame retardant interplay of phosphorus containing flame retardants with aluminum trihydrate depending on the specific surface area in unsaturated polyester resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Reuter
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lara Greiner
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt Germany
| | - Frank Schönberger
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt Germany
| | - Manfred Döring
- Division Plastics; Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF; Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt Germany
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19
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Rao WH, Liao W, Wang H, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams based on reactive phosphorus-containing polyol and expandable graphite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:651-660. [PMID: 30153630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were designed and synthesized based on novel liquid phosphorus-containing polyol named as PDEO and expandable graphite (EG). The reactive PDEO can be chemically added into the chain of FPUF, while expandable graphite was blended into the matrix of foam through foaming process. Benefitting from the incorporation of reactive PDEO with a long chain, the resultant FPUF containing EG exhibited considerable mechanical properties. More importantly, the synergistic effect of PDEO and EG can endow FPUF with great flame retardancy, anti-driping performances. Furthermore, the resultant FPUF/EG/PDEO foams exhibit considerable smoke suppression performances. The vertical burning test revealed that the FPUF containing 5 php PDEO and 10 php EG extinguished quickly without dripping and kept the original shape after removing the igniter. The cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of PDEO and EG can effectively reduce the heat release rate (HRR) and total release rate (THR) of the composite foam. Remarkably, the smoke production release (SPR), total smoke production (TSP), light transmission and specific optical density results indicated significantly smoke-suppressant properties of the composite foam. The mechanism analysis confirmed that the synergistic effect of gas-condensed bi-phase action from PDEO and EG contributed the great flame retardation of the composite foam. This novel FPUF provides a promising strategy for producing the polymer foam with flame retardation, smoke suppression and anti-dripping performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Rao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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20
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Zhang B, Jiang Y. Highly electrically conductive and smart fire-resistant coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE: MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2018; 29:16378-16387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-018-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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21
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Zaghloul MMYM. Mechanical properties of linear low-density polyethylene fire-retarded with melamine polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Preparation and characterization of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)–magnesium hydroxide (MH)–hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) composite flame-retardant materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Zhu ZM, Rao WH, Kang AH, Liao W, Wang YZ. Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Hou S, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Synergistic effects of synthetic phosphonium sulfonates with expandable graphite on flame retardancy for EVA rubber blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Guo X, Wang H, Ma D, He J, Lei Z. Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Delong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Jinnan He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 China
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26
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Oualha MA, Amdouni N, Laoutid F. Synergistic flame-retardant effect between calcium hydroxide and zinc borate in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Vahabi H, Raveshtian A, Fasihi M, Sonnier R, Saeb MR, Dumazert L, Kandola BK. Competitiveness and synergy between three flame retardants in poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Cousy S, Gorodylova N, Svoboda L, Zelenka J. Influence of synthesis conditions over simonkolleite/ZnO precipitation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Ding Z, Li Y, He M, Wang W, Wang C. The combination of expandable graphite, organic montmorillonite, and magnesium hydrate as fire-retardant additives for ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/chloroprene rubber foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Ding
- School of Material Science and Engineering; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Maoyong He
- School of Material Science and Engineering; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 China
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30
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31
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The enhanced compatibility and flame retarding ability of UHMWPE-MH composites by adding phenoxycyclophosphazene (HPCTP). Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Luo F, Wu K, Zhu H, Li X, Lu M. Intrinsically flame retarded foams based on melamine − formaldehyde condensates: thermal and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 PR China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 PR China
- Guangzhou Green Building Materials Academy, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 PR China
- Guangzhou Green Building Materials Academy, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 PR China
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33
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Dang L, Nai X, Dong Y, Li W. Functional group effect on flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of organophosphorus-based magnesium oxysulfate whiskers as a flame retardant in polypropylene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02863f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Pang XY, Tian Y, Shi XZ. Synergism between hydrotalcite and silicate-modified expandable graphite on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer combustion behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yan Pang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Zhu Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
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35
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Sonnier R, Viretto A, Dumazert L, Longerey M, Buonomo S, Gallard B, Longuet C, Cavodeau F, Lamy R, Freitag A. Fire retardant benefits of combining aluminum hydroxide and silica in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Perthué A, Bussière PO, Baba M, Larche JF, Gardette JL, Therias S. Correlation between water uptake and loss of the insulating properties of PE/ATH composites used in cables applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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A strategy and mechanism of fabricating flame retarding glass fiber fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites with simultaneously improved thermal stability, impact and interlaminar shear strengths. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Hu C, Xue J, Dong L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Qu L, Dai L. Scalable Preparation of Multifunctional Fire-Retardant Ultralight Graphene Foams. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1325-1332. [PMID: 26745649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional flame-retardant materials often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strong acidic/alkaline reagents, organic solvents, along with toxicity problems. Herein, highly fire-retardant ultralight graphene foam has been developed, which possesses not only ultralight and compressible characteristics but also efficient flame-retardant properties, outperforming those traditional polymer, metallic oxide, and metal hydroxide based flame retardant materials and their composites. The newly developed unconventional refractory materials are promising for specific applications as demonstrated by the observed high temperature resistant microwave absorption capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon), Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jiangli Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liye Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon), Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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39
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Hong L, Hu X. Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties and Microstructure of Expandable Graphite/Silicone Rubber Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Wang M, Han XW, Liu L, Zeng XF, Zou HK, Wang JX, Chen JF. Transparent Aqueous Mg(OH)2 Nanodispersion for Transparent and Flexible Polymer Film with Enhanced Flame-Retardant Property. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xing-Wei Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hai-Kui Zou
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie-Xin Wang
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research
Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and
Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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41
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42
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Liu J, Peng S, Zhang Y, Chang H, Yu Z, Pan B, Lu C, Ma J, Niu Q. Influence of microencapsulated red phosphorus on the flame retardancy of high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide composite and its mode of action. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Fire property and charring behavior of high impact polystyrene containing expandable graphite and microencapsulated red phosphorus. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Tang M, Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X, Sun Z, Zhang Z. Combustion characteristics and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite in the flame retardant HDPE/EVA composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | | | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhidan Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
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45
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Cao X, Lu K, Li Y. Isolated Protective Char Layers by Nanoclay Network: Significantly Improved Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Performance of TPV/MH Composites by Small Amount of Nanoclay. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin
Road Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin
Road Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin
Road Hangzhou 310036, China
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46
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Liu Y, He J, Yang R. Effects of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, Aluminum Hydroxide, Ammonium Polyphosphate, and Expandable Graphite on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Properties of Polyisocyanurate–Polyurethane Foams. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Liu
- National Laboratory of Flame
Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District,
Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiyu He
- National Laboratory of Flame
Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District,
Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Laboratory of Flame
Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District,
Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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47
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The effect of expanded graphite on the flammability and thermal conductivity properties of phase change material based on PP/wax blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Thermo-oxidative degradation behavior and fire performance of high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite with an alternating layered structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Chen X, Zhuo J, Song W, Jiao C, Qian Y, Li S. Flame retardant effects of organic inorganic hybrid intumescent flame retardant based on expandable graphite in silicone rubber composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhuo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
| | - Wenkui Song
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 PR China
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Liu J, Yu Z, Shi Y, Chang H, Zhang Y, Luo J, Lu C. A preliminary study on the thermal degradation behavior and flame retardancy of high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite with a gradient structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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