1
|
Bagder Elmaci S, Schultz J, Isci A, Scherzinger M, Aslanhan DD, Cam MD, Sakiyan O, Kaltschmitt M. Deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of cork dust - Effects on biomass composition, phenolic extraction and anaerobic degradability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 181:114-127. [PMID: 38608526 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, phenolic compounds using deep eutectic solvents (DES) were extracted from cork dust, and the biogas production potential of DES-treated cork dust samples was determined. The DES treatment was carried out using choline chloride and formic acid (1:2 M ratio) at various temperatures (90, 110 and 130 °C) and treatment times (20, 40 and 60 min) at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 g mL-1. The highest total phenolic content (137 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 dry cork dust) was achieved at 110 °C/20 min. The extracts exhibited an antioxidant capacity of up to 56.3 ± 3.1 % 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) inhibition at a dilution rate of 100. DES treatment resulted in minimal sugar solubilization at low temperatures, while approximately 42 % of the xylan fraction in the biomass degraded under severe conditions (e.g., 130 °C/60 min). Catechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid were the major phenolics in DES extracts. The biogas yield of DES-treated cork dust increased with treatment severity. The highest biogas yield (115.1mLN gVS-1) was observed at 130 °C/60 min, representing an increase of 125 % compared to the untreated sample. SEM images revealed that the surface structure of the samples became smoother after mild pretreatment and rougher after harsh pretreatment. Compositional and FTIR analyses indicated that a higher biogas formation potential was associated with increased cellulose content in the substrate, which could be attributed to hemicellulose solubilization in the hydrolysate. Overall, DES pretreatment effectively enhanced phenol extraction and anaerobic degradability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simel Bagder Elmaci
- Ankara University, Food Engineering Department, 06830 Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jana Schultz
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics (IUE), Eissendorfer Straße 40, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asli Isci
- Ankara University, Food Engineering Department, 06830 Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Marvin Scherzinger
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics (IUE), Eissendorfer Straße 40, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Miyase Deniz Cam
- Ankara University, Food Engineering Department, 06830 Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Sakiyan
- Ankara University, Food Engineering Department, 06830 Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin Kaltschmitt
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics (IUE), Eissendorfer Straße 40, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wise HG, Takana H, Dichiara AB. Dynamic Assembly of Strong and Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Nanocellulose Composite Filaments and Their Application in Resistive Liquid Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37437162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous flow assembly of colloidal nanoparticles from aqueous suspensions into macroscopic materials in a field-assisted double flow focusing system offers an attractive way to bridge the outstanding nanoscale characteristics of renewable cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) at scales most common to human technologies. By incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) during the fabrication process, high-performance functional filament nanocomposites were produced. CNFs and SWNTs were first dispersed in water without any external surfactants or binding agents, and the resulting nanocolloids were aligned by means of an alternating electric field combined with extensional sheath flows. The nanoscale orientational anisotropy was then locked by a liquid-gel transition during the materials assembly into macroscopic filaments, which greatly improved their mechanical, electrical, and liquid sensing properties. Significantly, these findings pave the way toward the environmentally friendly and scalable manufacturing of a variety of multifunctional fibers for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather G Wise
- School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hidemasa Takana
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Anthony B Dichiara
- School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmidt P, Koch TJ, Blessing MA, Karakostis FA, Harvati K, Dresely V, Charrié-Duhaut A. Production method of the Königsaue birch tar documents cumulative culture in Neanderthals. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37228449 PMCID: PMC10202989 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-023-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Birch tar is the oldest synthetic substance made by early humans. The earliest such artefacts are associated with Neanderthals. According to traditional interpretations, their study allows understanding Neanderthal tool behaviours, skills and cultural evolution. However, recent work has found that birch tar can also be produced with simple processes, or even result from fortuitous accidents. Even though these findings suggest that birch tar per se is not a proxy for cognition, they do not shed light on the process by which Neanderthals produced it, and, therefore, cannot evaluate the implications of that behaviour. Here, we address the question of how tar was made by Neanderthals. Through a comparative chemical analysis of the two exceptional birch tar pieces from Königsaue (Germany) and a large reference birch tar collection made with Stone Age techniques, we found that Neanderthals did not use the simplest method to make tar. Rather, they distilled tar in an intentionally created underground environment that restricted oxygen flow and remained invisible during the process. This degree of complexity is unlikely to have been invented spontaneously. Our results suggest that Neanderthals invented or developed this process based on previous simpler methods and constitute one of the clearest indicators of cumulative cultural evolution in the European Middle Palaeolithic. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-023-01789-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schmidt
- Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Applied Mineralogy, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tabea J. Koch
- Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias A. Blessing
- Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F. Alexandros Karakostis
- DFG Centre for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Paleoanthropology, Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- DFG Centre for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Paleoanthropology, Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veit Dresely
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt – State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
| | - Armelle Charrié-Duhaut
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Des Interactions Et Des Systèmes (LSMIS), Strasbourg University, CNRS, UMR 7140, Strasbourg, CMC France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Liu Y, Wu X, Wang L, Li J, Wan M, Jia B, Ye Z, Liu L, Tang X, Tao S, Zhu L, Heng W. MYB1R1 and MYC2 Regulate ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Involved in ABA-Mediated Suberization in the Russet Skin of a Mutant of 'Dangshansuli' ( Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910938. [PMID: 35755695 PMCID: PMC9225576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Russeting, a disorder of pear fruit skin, is mainly caused by suberin accumulation on the inner part of the outer epidermal cell layers. ABA was identified as a crucial phytohormone in suberification. Here, we demonstrated that the ABA content in russet pear skin was higher than in green skin. Then, ABA was applied to explore the changes in phenotype and suberin composition coupled with RNA-Seq and metabolomics to investigate the probably regulatory pathway of ABA-mediated suberification. The results showed that ABA treatment increased the expression of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and the content of α-linolenic acid. We identified 17 PbFADs in white pear, and the expression of PbFAD3a was induced by ABA. In addition, the role of PbFAD3a in promoting suberification has been demonstrated by overexpression in Arabidopsis and VIGS assays in the fruitlets. GUS staining indicated that the promoter of PbFAD3a was activated by ABA. Furthermore, MYC2 and MYB1R1 have been shown to bind to the PbFAD3a promoter directly and this was induced by ABA via yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening and qRT-PCR. In summary, our study found that ABA induces the expression of MYC2 and MYB1R1 and activates the PbFAD3a promoter, contributing to the formation of russet pear skin. Functional identification of key transcription factors will be the goal of future research. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of ABA-mediated suberization in the russet skin and provide a good foundation for future studies on the formation of russet skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lindu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Minchen Wan
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Heng
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saar JS, Lienkamp K. Bioinspired All-Polyester Diblock Copolymers Made from Poly(pentadecalactone) and Poly(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoate): Synthesis and Polymer Film Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020; 221:2000118. [PMID: 34404982 PMCID: PMC7611513 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired diblock copolymers poly(pentadecalactone)-block-poly(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-benzoate) (PPDL-block-P2HEB) were synthesized from pentadecalactone and dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-5-one (2,3-DHB). No transesterification between the blocks was observed. In a sequential approach, PPDL obtained by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) was used to initiate 2,3-DHB. Here, the molar mass Mn of the P2HEB block was limited. In a modular approach, end-functionalized PPDL and P2HEB were obtained separately by ROP with functional initiators, and connected by 1,3-dipolar Huisgen reaction ("click-chemistry"). Block copolymer compositions from 85:15 mass percent to 28:72 mass percent (PPDL:P2HEB) were synthesized, with Mn of from about 30,000-50,000 g mol-1. The structure of the block copolymer was confirmed by proton NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Morphological studies by atomic force microscopy (AFM) further confirmed the block copolymer structure, while quantitative nanomechanical AFM measurements revealed that the DMT moduli of the block copolymers ranged between 17.2 ± 1.8 MPa and 62.3 ± 5.7 MPa, i.e. between the values of the parent P2HEB and PPDL homopolymers (7.6 ± 1.4 MPa and 801 ± 42 MPa, respectively). Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the thermal properties of the homopolymers were retained by each of the copolymer blocks (melting temperature 90 °C, glass transition temperature 36 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Saar
- Freiburg Center für Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center für Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saar JS, Shi Y, Lienkamp K. Bioinspired All-Polyester Diblock Copolymers Made from Poly(pentadecalactone) and Poly(3-hydroxycinnamate): Synthesis and Polymer Film Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020; 221:2000045. [PMID: 34404981 PMCID: PMC7611514 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired diblock copolymer was synthesized from pentadecalactone and 3-hydroxy cinnamic acid. Poly(pentadecalactone) (PPDL) with a molar mass of up to 43,000 g mol-1 was obtained by ring-opening polymerization initiated propargyl alcohol. Poly(3-hydroxy cinnamate) (P3HCA) was obtained by polycondensation and end-functionalized with 3-azido propanol. The two functionalized homopolymers were connected via 1,3-dipolar Huisgen addition to yield the block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA. The structure the block copolymer was confirmed by proton NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and GPC. By analyzing the morphology of polymer films made from the homopolymers, from a 1:1 homopolymer blend, and from the PPDL-triazole-P3HCA block copolymer, clearly distinct micro- and nanostructures were revealed. Quantitative nanomechanical measurements revealed that the block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA had a DMT modulus of 22.3 ± 2.7 MPa, which was lower than that of the PPDL homopolymer (801 ± 42 MPa), yet significantly higher than that of the P3HCA homopolymer (1.77 ± 0.63 MPa). Thermal analytics showed that the melting point of PPDL-triazole-P3HCA was similar to PPDL (89-90 °C), while it had a glass transition was similar to P3HCA (123-124 °C). Thus, the semicrystalline, potentially degradable all-polyester block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA combines the thermal properties of either homopolymer, and has an intermediate elastic modulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Saar
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yue Shi
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Correia VG, Bento A, Pais J, Rodrigues R, Haliński ŁP, Frydrych M, Greenhalgh A, Stepnowski P, Vollrath F, King AWT, Silva Pereira C. The molecular structure and multifunctionality of the cryptic plant polymer suberin. Mater Today Bio 2019; 5:100039. [PMID: 32211605 PMCID: PMC7083753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suberin, a plant polyester, consists of polyfunctional long-chain fatty acids and glycerol and is an intriguing candidate as a novel antimicrobial material. We purified suberin from cork using ionic-liquid catalysis during which the glycerol bonds that ensure the polymeric nature of suberin remained intact or were only partially cleaved—yielding the closest to a native configuration reported to date. The chemistry of suberin, both in situ (in cryogenically ground cork) and ex situ (ionic-liquid extracted), was elucidated using high-resolution one- and two-dimensional solution-state NMR analyses. Centrifugation was used to isolate suberin particles of distinct densities and their monomeric composition, assembly, and bactericidal effect, inter alia, were assessed. Analysis of the molecular structure of suberin revealed the relative abundance of linear aliphatic vs. acylglycerol esters, comprising all acylglycerol configurations and the amounts of total carbonyls (C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>O), free acid end groups (COOH), OH aliphatics, and OH aromatics. Suberin centrifuged fractions revealed generic physiochemical properties and monomeric composition and self-assemble into polygonal structures that display distinct degrees of compactness when lyophilized. Suberin particles—suberinsomes—display bactericidal activity against major human pathogenic bacteria. Fingerprinting the multifunctionality of complex (plant) polyesters such as suberin allows for the identification of novel polymer assemblies with significant value-added properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A Bento
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J Pais
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - R Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ł P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Frydrych
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenhalgh
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - F Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - A W T King
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 (Chemicum), PL 55, 00014, Finland
| | - C Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Belyy VA, Karmanov AP, Kocheva LS, Nekrasova PS, Kaneva MV, Lobov AN, Spirikhin LV. Comparative study of chemical and topological structure of macromolecules of lignins of birch (Betula verrucosa) and apple (Malus domestica) wood. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Garcia AR, Júlio MDF, Ilharco LM. Structure and Properties of Cork-Silica Xerogel Nanocomposites: Influence of the Cork Content. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:804-814. [PMID: 30584889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly nanocomposites were synthesized from a silica precursor and cork under mild conditions and dried at atmospheric pressure. Because of the covalent bonding between the components, these CorSil nanocomposites are homogeneous, light (apparent density in the range 360-750 kg m-3), machinable, with the Shore D hardness up to 67 and compressive strength up to 22.6 MPa. These properties place them as good replacements for wood, other natural products, and thermoplastic polymers, with the advantage of being flame-retardant. The influence of the cork content and grain size on the structure, porosity, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was studied using infrared spectroscopy, sorption isotherms, compressive strength, and Shore D hardness measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Garcia
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , Lisboa 1049-001 , Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, FCT , Universidade do Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , Faro 8000 , Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima Júlio
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , Lisboa 1049-001 , Portugal
| | - Laura M Ilharco
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , Lisboa 1049-001 , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han X, Lu W, Wei X, Li L, Mao L, Zhao Y. Proteomics analysis to understand the ABA stimulation of wound suberization in kiwifruit. J Proteomics 2018; 173:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Xia M, Talhelm AF, Pregitzer KS. Chronic nitrogen deposition influences the chemical dynamics of leaf litter and fine roots during decomposition. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 112:24-34. [PMID: 31178608 PMCID: PMC6550334 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition induces a forest carbon sink across broad parts of the Northern Hemisphere; this carbon sink may partly result from slower litter decomposition. Although microbial responses to experimental nitrogen deposition have been well-studied, evidence linking these microbial responses to changes in the degradation of specific compounds in decaying litter is sparse. We used wet chemistry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods to study effects of chronic simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf litter and fine root chemistry during a three-year decomposition experiment at four northern hardwood forests in the north-central USA. Leaf litter and fine roots were highly different in initial chemistry, such as concentrations of acid-insoluble fraction (AIF, or Klason lignin) and condensed tannins (CTs). These initial differences persisted over the course of decomposition. Gravimetrically-defined AIF and lignin/carbohydrate reference IR peak ratios both provide evidence that lignin in fine roots was selectively preserved under simulated nitrogen deposition. Lignin/carbohydrate peak ratios were strongly correlated with AIF, suggesting that AIF is a good predictor of lignin. Because AIF is abundant in fine roots, slower AIF degradation was the major driver of the slower fine root decomposition under nitrogen enrichment, explaining 73.5% of the additional root mass retention. Nitrogen enrichment also slowed the loss of CTs and proteins in fine roots. Nitrogen additions initially slowed the loss of AIF, CTs, and proteins in leaf litter, which was comparatively low in AIF, but these effects disappeared at the later stage and did not affect leaf litter mass loss during the experiment. Our results suggest that decomposition of chemical classes subject to oxidative degradation, such as lignin and CTs, is generally inhibited by nitrogen enrichment; but whether this inhibition eventually slows litter mass loss and leads to organic matter accumulation depends on the initial quantities of these classes in litter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
| | - Alan F. Talhelm
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National
Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kurt S. Pregitzer
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia AR, Lopes LF, Brito de Barros R, Ilharco LM. The problem of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in cork planks studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy: proof of concept. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:128-135. [PMID: 25487962 DOI: 10.1021/jf503309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) proved to be a promising detection technique for 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which confers organoleptic defects to bottled alcoholic beverages, allowing the proposal of a criterion for cork plank acceptance when meant for stopper production. By analysis of a significant number of samples, it was proved that the presence of TCA, even in very low concentrations, imparts subtle changes to the cork spectra, namely, the growth of two new bands at ∼1417 (νC═C of TCA ring) and 1314 cm–1 (a shifted νCC of TCA) and an increase in the relative intensities of the bands at ∼1039 cm–1 (δCO of polysaccharides) and ∼813 cm–1 (τCH of suberin), the latter by overlapping with intense bands of TCA. These relative intensities were evaluated in comparison to a fingerprint of suberin (νasC–O–C), at 1161 cm–1. On the basis of those spectral variables, a multivariate statistics linear analysis (LDA) was performed to obtain a discriminant function that allows classifying the samples according to whether they contain or not TCA. The methodology proposed consists of a demanding acceptance criterion for cork planks destined for stopper production (with the guarantee of nonexistence of TCA) that results from combining the quantitative results with the absence of the two TCA correlated bands. ATR infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive and easy to apply technique, both on cork planks and on stoppers, and has proven more restrictive than other techniques used in the cork industry that analyze the cleaning solutions. At the level of proof of concept, the method here proposed is appealing for high-value stopper applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Olivella MÀ, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Fiol N, Villaescusa I. New insights into the interactions between cork chemical components and pesticides. The contribution of π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:863-870. [PMID: 25240950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of chemical components of cork in the sorption of several pesticides has been investigated. For this purpose raw cork and three cork extracted fractions (i.e. cork free of aliphatic extractives, cork free of all extractives and cork free of all extractives and suberin) were used as sorbent of three ionic pesticides (propazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and alachlor) and five non-ionic pesticides (chlorpyrifos, isoproturon, metamitron, methomyl and oxamyl) with a logKow within the range -0.47 to 4.92. The effect of cations on the ionic pesticides, propazine and 2,4-D sorption was also analyzed. Results indicated that the highest yields were obtained for chlorpyrifos and alachlor sorption onto raw cork (>55%). After removal of aliphatic extractives sorption of all pesticides increased that ranged from 3% for propazine to 31% for alachlor. In contrast, removal of phenolic extractives caused a sorption decrease. Low sorption yields were obtained for hydrophobic pesticides such as metamitron, oxamyl and methomyl (<11%) by using all cork fractions and extremely low when using raw cork (<1%). FTIR analysis was useful to indicate that lignin moieties were the main components involved on the sorption process. Modelling calculations evidenced that π-stacking interactions with the aromatic groups of lignin play a major role in determining the adsorption properties of cork toward aromatic pesticides. Results presented in this paper gain insights into the cork affinities for pesticides and the interactions involved in the sorption process and also enables to envisage sorption affinity of cork for other organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M À Olivella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - C Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - N Fiol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - I Villaescusa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17071 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Serra O, Chatterjee S, Figueras M, Molinas M, Stark RE. Deconstructing a plant macromolecular assembly: chemical architecture, molecular flexibility, and mechanical performance of natural and engineered potato suberins. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:799-811. [PMID: 24502663 PMCID: PMC3983150 DOI: 10.1021/bm401620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic-aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberin and associated wax remodels the periderm with more flexible aliphatic chains and abundant aromatic constituents that can resist transesterification, attenuates cooperative hydroxyfatty acid motions, and produces a mechanically compromised and highly water-permeable periderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Subhasish Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth E. Stark
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopes CB, Oliveira JR, Rocha LS, Tavares DS, Silva CM, Silva SP, Hartog N, Duarte AC, Pereira E. Cork stoppers as an effective sorbent for water treatment: the removal of mercury at environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2108-2121. [PMID: 24026204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The technical feasibility of using stopper-derived cork as an effective biosorbent towards bivalent mercury at environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions was evaluated in this study. Only 25 mg/L of cork powder was able to achieve 94 % of mercury removal for an initial mercury concentration of 500 μg/L. It was found that under the conditions tested, the efficiency of mercury removal expressed as equilibrium removal percentage does not depend on the amount of cork or its particle size, but is very sensitive to initial metal concentration, with higher removal efficiencies at higher initial concentrations. Ion exchange was identified as one of the mechanisms involved in the sorption of Hg onto cork in the absence of ionic competition. Under ionic competition, stopper-derived cork showed to be extremely effective and selective for mercury in binary mixtures, while in complex matrices like seawater, moderate inhibition of the sorption process was observed, attributed to a change in mercury speciation. The loadings achieved are similar to the majority of literature values found for other biosorbents and for other metals, suggesting that cork stoppers can be recycled as an effective biosorbent for water treatment. However, the most interesting result is that equilibrium data show a very rare behaviour, with the isotherm presenting an almost square convex shape to the concentration axis, with an infinite slope for an Hg concentration in solution around 25 μg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia B Lopes
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana R Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana S Rocha
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela S Tavares
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Silva
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana P Silva
- Corticeira Amorim, S.G.P.S., S.A.S, Paio de Oleiros, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Niels Hartog
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry/CESAM and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Järvinen R, Silvestre AJ, Gil AM, Kallio H. Solid state 13C CP-MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of cuticular fractions of berries and suberized membranes of potato. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Gou JY, Yu XH, Liu CJ. A hydroxycinnamoyltransferase responsible for synthesizing suberin aromatics in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 117:209-219. [PMID: 26093489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Suberin, a polyester polymer in the cell wall of terrestrial plants, controls the transport of water and nutrients and protects plant from pathogenic infections and environmental stresses. Structurally, suberin consists of aliphatic and aromatic domains; p-hydroxycinnamates, such as ferulate, p-coumarate, and/or sinapate, are the major phenolic constituents of the latter. By analyzing the "wall-bound" phenolics of mutant lines of Arabidopsis deficient in a family of acyl-CoA dependent acyltransferase (BAHD) genes, we discovered that the formation of aromatic suberin in Arabidopsis, primarily in seed and root tissues, depends on a member of the BAHD superfamily of enzymes encoded by At5g41040. This enzyme exhibits an omega-hydroxyacid hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity with an in vitro kinetic preference for feruloyl-CoA and 16-hydroxypalmitic acid. Knocking down or knocking out the At5g41040 gene in Arabidopsis reduces specifically the quantity of ferulate in suberin, but does not affect the accumulation of p-coumarate or sinapate. The loss of the suberin phenolic differentially affects the aliphatic monomer loads and alters the permeability and sensitivity of seeds and roots to salt stress. This highlights the importance of suberin aromatics in the polymer's function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Gou
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Identification of new molecules extracted from Quercus suber L. cork. C R Biol 2008; 331:853-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Pathways for the Synthesis of Polyesters in Plants: Cutin, Suberin, and Polyhydroxyalkanoates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1755-0408(07)01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
20
|
Forte C, Piazzi A, Pizzanelli S, Certini G. CP MAS 13C spectral editing and relative quantitation of a soil sample. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2006; 30:81-8. [PMID: 16679007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A hydrofluoric acid (HF)-treated soil sample was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Cross polarization (CP) Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) 13C spectral editing and relative CP peak quantitation, obtained through variable-contact-time experiments, were used to aid the interpretation of the spectrum. The combination of these two types of experiment allowed to obtain a higher degree of detail on the composition of the sample with respect to a standard CP MAS experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Forte
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martín JA, Solla A, Coimbra MA, Gil L. Metabolic distinction of Ulmus minor xylem tissues after inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:2458-67. [PMID: 16176827 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED) is the most devastating and widespread disease of elms. The pathogen, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, spreads systemically causing xylem vessels blocking and cavitation, and ultimately resulting in the development of a wilt syndrome. Twig samples from susceptible and resistant Ulmus minor trees were harvested at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days post-inoculation (dpi) with O. novo-ulmi. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, in tandem with chemometrics, was used to monitor changes in wood chemistry as consequence of infection. Principal component analysis distinguished between spectra from inoculated and control elms, and from susceptible- and resistant-inoculated elms. By 30 dpi, infected xylem showed reduced relative levels of carbohydrates and enhanced relative levels of phenolic compounds, probably due to the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by fungal enzymes and the synthesis of host defence compounds. On 15 dpi, samples from resistant-inoculated elms showed higher levels of starch than samples from susceptible-inoculated elms, suggesting that availability of starch reserves could affect the tree's capacity for defensive responses. The results showed the power of FT-IR spectroscopy for analysing changes in the major components of elm xylem as consequence of infection by DED, and its potential for detecting metabolic profiles related to host resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Martín
- Anatomía, Fisiología y Mejora Genética Forestal, ETSI de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Winck J. Pneumonite de hipersensibilidade: A experiência portuguesa. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Biology, Unit of Plant Biology, University of Fribourg, Pérolles, Switzerland; phone:0041-(0)26-300 88 38; fax: 0041-(0)26-300 97 40;
| |
Collapse
|