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Siraj S, Yameen D, Bhati S, Athar T, Khan S, Bhattacharya J, Islam A, Haque MM. Sugar osmolyte inhibits and attenuates the fibrillogenesis in RNase A: An in vitro and in silico characterizations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127378. [PMID: 37839601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of protein aggregation are of immense interest in therapeutic biology and neurodegenerative medicine. Biochemical processes within the living cell occur in a highly crowded environment. The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding affects the diffusional and conformational dynamics of proteins and modulates their folding. Macromolecular crowding is reported to cause protein aggregation in some cases, so it is a cause of concern as it leads to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders and systemic amyloidosis. To divulge the mechanism of aggregation, it is imperative to study aggregation in well-characterized model proteins in the presence of macromolecular crowder. One such protein is ribonuclease A (RNase A), which deciphers neurotoxic function in humans; therefore we decided to explore the amyloid fibrillogenesis of this thermodynamically stable protein. To elucidate the impact of crowder, dextran-70 and its monomer glucose on the aggregation profile of RNase-A various techniques such as Absorbance, Fluorescence, Fourier Transforms Infrared, Dynamic Light Scattering and circular Dichroism spectroscopies along with imaging techniques like Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy were employed. Thermal aggregation and fibrillation were further promoted by dextran-70 while glucose counteracted the effect of the crowding agent in a concentration-dependent manner. This study shows that glucose provides stability to the protein and prevents fibrillation. Intending to combat aggregation, which is the hallmark of numerous late-onset neurological disorders and systemic amyloidosis, this investigation unveils that naturally occurring osmolytes or other co-solutes can be further exploited in novel drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Siraj
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Daraksha Yameen
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Teeba Athar
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Molecular Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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pH-responsive organic/inorganic hybrid nanocolloids for transcellular delivery of ribonucleolytic payloads toward targeted anti-glioma therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:388-401. [PMID: 36542969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have been appreciated to be a superlative modality of therapeutics in view of their direct roles in regulating diverse sets of biological events, nonetheless, the clinical applications of the proteinic therapeutics have been strictly limited to act on the cell surface receptors owing to their inherent cell-impermeable character of the proteins. To this obstacle, we contrived carboxylation reaction upon the proteins (RNase A) into the overall negatively charged pro-RNase, followed by elaboration of intelligent pH-responsive pro-RNase delivery nanocolloids based on co-precipitation of pro-RNase and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-block-polyanion with aids of inorganic calcium phosphate (CaP). The resulting nanocolloids appeared to actively accumulate into glioma due to the specific binding affinities of RGD and glioma-enriched αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins. Furthermore, the pH responsiveness to the acidic endolysosomal microenvironment of all compositions of nanocolloids (including: decarboxylation of pro-RNase composition to restore the native RNase A, ionization of CaP composition to elicit osmotic pressure, and charge reversal of PEG-block-polyanion into membrane-disruptive polycation) could stimulate not only efficient endolysosomal escape for translocation into the cytosol but also structural disassembly for ready liberation of the RNase A payloads, eventually exerting non-specific RNA degradation for apoptosis of the affected cells. Systemic dosage of the proposed nanocolloids demonstrated potent anti-tumor efficacies towards xenograft glioma due to massive RNA degradation. Therefore, our proposed RNase A prodrug nanocolloids could represent as a versatile platform for engineering transcellular protein delivery systems, which are expected to spur thriving emergence of a spectrum of proteins in precision intervention of intractable diseases.
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Katsura S, Furuishi T, Ueda H, Yonemochi E. Cholesteryl-Conjugated Ribonuclease A Exhibits Enzyme Activity in Aqueous Solution and Resistance to Dimethyl Sulfoxide. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:533-543. [PMID: 33458505 PMCID: PMC7807799 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and cholesterol, we synthesized cholesteryl-conjugated ribonuclease A (CHRNase A) to evaluate the influence of a conjugated hydrophobic moiety on protein function. Nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry suggested that one cholesteryl group was conjugated to RNase A. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that CHRNase A was denatured in the solid state but was folded in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol/L, pH 6.5). CHRNase A resembled RNase A in its secondary structure, but circular dichroism (CD) spectra revealed that the helical content of CHRNase A was decreased and the tertiary structure of CHRNase A differed from that of RNase A. Furthermore, fluorescence measurements, CD spectra, an 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt-based assay, and surface tension measurements suggested that cholesterol was conjugated to a tyrosine residue on the protein surface. The relative activity of CHRNase A to RNase A was 79 ± 7%, and the enzyme activity of CHRNase A by adding β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) increased to 129 ± 7%. Therefore, we considered that the cholesteryl group interacted with substrate (cytidine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate monosodium salt) to inhibit the enzyme reaction. Finally, the environment around tyrosine residues in CHRNase A in dimethyl sulfoxide was similar to that of native RNase A in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol/L, pH 6.5). These results suggest that cholesterol conjugation to RNase A altered RNase A functionality, including improvement of RNase A resistance to dimethyl sulfoxide and modulation of the ability of β-CyD to control RNase A enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Katsura
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Formulation
Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Furuishi
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ueda
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Lopes JLS, Orcia D, Araujo APU, DeMarco R, Wallace BA. Folding factors and partners for the intrinsically disordered protein micro-exon gene 14 (MEG-14). Biophys J 2014; 104:2512-20. [PMID: 23746524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The micro-exon genes (MEG) of Schistosoma mansoni, a parasite responsible for the second most widely spread tropical disease, code for small secreted proteins with sequences unique to the Schistosoma genera. Bioinformatics analyses suggest the soluble domain of the MEG-14 protein will be largely disordered, and using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy, its secondary structure was shown to be essentially completely unfolded in aqueous solution. It does, however, show a strong propensity to fold into more ordered structures under a wide range of conditions. Partial folding was produced by increasing temperature (in a reversible process), contrary to the behavior of most soluble proteins. Furthermore, significant folding was observed in the presence of negatively charged lipids and detergents, but not in zwitterionic or neutral lipids or detergents. Absorption onto a surface followed by dehydration stimulated it to fold into a helical structure, as it did when the aqueous solution was replaced by nonaqueous solvents. Hydration of the dehydrated folded protein was accompanied by complete unfolding. These results support the identification of MEG-14 as a classic intrinsically disordered protein, and open the possibility of its interaction/folding with different partners and factors being related to multifunctional roles and states within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luiz S Lopes
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kong Y, Chen J, Gao F, Brydson R, Johnson B, Heath G, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhou D. Near-infrared fluorescent ribonuclease-A-encapsulated gold nanoclusters: preparation, characterization, cancer targeting and imaging. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1009-17. [PMID: 23249999 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have unique size-dependent optical, electrical and chemical properties. They have emerged as a new nanomaterial with broad applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, biosensing, and bioimaging. Several strategies have been exploited to prepare AuNCs of different "magic number" sizes, using different templates e.g. dendrimers, polyethyleneimines, peptides, and more recently, proteins. Notwithstanding, almost all bio-template-protected AuNCs reported so far exhibit fairly low fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), typically <5%, which is especially true for AuNCs prepared using the protein templates. In this paper, we report a facile, one-pot aqueous synthesis of highly fluorescent AuNCs using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase-A) as the bio-template. The as-prepared AuNCs not only fluoresce strongly at the near-infrared (NIR) region (λ(em) = 682 nm), but also exhibit an elevated QY of ∼12%. Additionally, the RNase-A-encapsulated AuNC (RNase-A-AuNC) displays an exceptionally large Stokes shift of ∼210 nm as well as a single dominant fluorescence lifetime of ∼1.5 μs, about three orders of magnitude longer than biological autofluorescence. Furthermore, by coupling vitamin B(12) (VB(12)) to the RNase-A-AuNC, we develop a multifunctional nanoplatform that is suitable for simultaneous targeting and imaging of cancer at the cellular level using Caco-2 cell lines as an in vitro model. Since VB(12) has effective uptake pathways in the digestive system, this nanoplatform may have potential for targeted oral drug delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kong
- School of Chemistry and The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Abstract
The antitumor effect of ribonucleases was studied with animal ribonucleolytic enzymes, bovine pancreatic RNase A, bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase), onconase and angiogenin. While bovine pancreatic RNase A exerts a minor antitumor effect, BS-RNase and onconase exert significant effects. Angiogenin, as RNase, works in an opposite way, it initiates vascularization of tumors and subsequent tumor growth. Ribonunclease inhibitors are not able to inhibit the antitumor effectiveness of BS-RNase or onconase. However, they do so in the case of pancreatic RNases. Conjugation of BS-RNase with antibodies against tumor antigens (preparation of immunotoxins) like the conjugation of the enzyme with polymers enhances the antitumor activity of the ribonuclease. After conjugation with polymers, the half-life of BS-RNase in blood is extended and its immunogenicity reduced. Recombinant RNases have the same functional activity as the native enzymes. The synthetic genes have also been modified, some of them with gene sequences typical for the BS-RNase parts. Recent experimental efforts are directed to the preparation of 'humanized antitumor ribonuclease' that would be structurally similar to human enzyme with minimal immunogenicity and side effects. The angiogenesis of tumors is attempted to be minimized by specific antibodies or anti-angiogenic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matousek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 277-21, Libechov, Czech Republic.
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