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Ponjavic M, Malagurski I, Lazic J, Jeremic S, Pavlovic V, Prlainovic N, Maksimovic V, Cosovic V, Atanase LI, Freitas F, Matos M, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Advancing PHBV Biomedical Potential with the Incorporation of Bacterial Biopigment Prodigiosin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031906. [PMID: 36768226 PMCID: PMC9915418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for sustainable biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and tailorable properties has put polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) into the research spotlight. However, high production costs and the lack of bioactivity limit their market penetration. To address this, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was combined with a bacterial pigment with strong anticancer activity, prodigiosin (PG), to obtain functionally enhanced PHBV-based biomaterials. The samples were produced in the form of films 115.6-118.8 µm in thickness using the solvent casting method. The effects of PG incorporation on the physical properties (morphology, biopolymer crystallinity and thermal stability) and functionality of the obtained biomaterials were investigated. PG has acted as a nucleating agent, in turn affecting the degree of crystallinity, thermal stability and morphology of the films. All samples with PG had a more organized internal structure and higher melting and degradation temperatures. The calculated degree of crystallinity of the PHBV copolymer was 53%, while the PG1, PG3 and PG3 films had values of 64.0%, 63.9% and 69.2%, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies have shown the excellent anticancer activity of films against HCT116 (colon cancer) cells, thus advancing PHBV biomedical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Ponjavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Malagurski
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.N.-R.); Tel.: +381-11-397-6034 (J.N.-R.)
| | - Jelena Lazic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jeremic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Prlainovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Maksimovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Cosovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Filomena Freitas
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Matos
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.N.-R.); Tel.: +381-11-397-6034 (J.N.-R.)
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Gareb B, van Bakelen NB, Driessen L, Buma P, Kuipers J, Grijpma DW, Vissink A, Bos RR, van Minnen B. Biocompatibility and degradation comparisons of four biodegradable copolymeric osteosynthesis systems used in maxillofacial surgery: A goat model with four years follow-up. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:439-456. [PMID: 35386449 PMCID: PMC8961280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying biodegradable osteosyntheses avoids the disadvantages of titanium osteosyntheses. However, foreign-body reactions remain a major concern and evidence of complete resorption is lacking. This study compared the physico-chemical properties, histological response and radiographs of four copolymeric biodegradable osteosynthesis systems in a goat model with 48-months follow-up. The systems were implanted subperiosteally in both tibia and radius of 12 Dutch White goats. The BioSorb FX [poly(70LLA-co-30DLLA)], Inion CPS [poly([70–78.5]LLA-co-[16–24]DLLA-co-4TMC)], SonicWeld Rx [poly(DLLA)], LactoSorb [poly(82LLA-co-18GA)] systems and a negative control were randomly implanted in each extremity. Samples were assessed at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month follow-up. Surface topography was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography were performed on initial and explanted samples. Histological sections were systematically assessed by two blinded researchers using (polarized) light microscopy, SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The SonicWeld Rx system was amorphous while the others were semi-crystalline. Foreign-body reactions were not observed during the complete follow-up. The SonicWeld Rx and LactoSorb systems reached bone percentages of negative controls after 18 months while the BioSorb Fx and Inion CPS systems reached these levels after 36 months. The SonicWeld Rx system showed the most predictable degradation profile. All the biodegradable systems were safe to use and well-tolerated (i.e., complete implant replacement by bone, no clinical or histological foreign body reactions, no [sterile] abscess formation, no re-interventions needed), but nanoscale residual polymeric fragments were observed at every system's assessment. Foreign-body reactions are a major concern of biodegradable osteosyntheses. Amorphous poly(DLLA) showed the most predictable degradation profile. Nanoscale residual polymeric fragments could still be observed after 4 years.
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Huang C, Yu M, Li H, Wan X, Ding Z, Zeng W, Zhou Z. Research Progress of Bioactive Glass and Its Application in Orthopedics. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology North‐Kuanren General Hospital No. 69 Xingguang Avenue, Yubei District Chongqing 401121 P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zichuan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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How to Sterilize Polylactic Acid Based Medical Devices? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132115. [PMID: 34203204 PMCID: PMC8271615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How sterilization techniques accurately affect the properties of biopolymers continues to be an issue of discussion in the field of biomedical engineering, particularly now with the development of 3D-printed devices. One of the most widely used biopolymers in the manufacture of biomedical devices is the polylactic acid (PLA). Despite the large number of studies found in the literature on PLA devices, relatively few papers focus on the effects of sterilization treatments on its properties. It is well documented in the literature that conventional sterilization techniques, such as heat, gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide, can induced damages, alterations or toxic products release, due to the thermal and hydrolytical sensitivity of PLA. The purposes of this paper are, therefore, to review the published data on the most common techniques used to sterilize PLA medical devices and to analyse how they are affecting their physicochemical and biocompatible properties. Emerging and alternative sterilization methods for sensitive biomaterials are also presented.
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Poly(l-Lactic Acid)-co-poly(Butylene Adipate) New Block Copolymers for the Preparation of Drug-Loaded Long Acting Injectable Microparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070930. [PMID: 34201567 PMCID: PMC8308927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the use of newly synthesized poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(butylene adipate) (PLA/PBAd) block copolymers as microcarriers for the preparation of aripiprazole (ARI)-loaded long acting injectable (LAI) formulations. The effect of various PLA to PBAd ratios (95/5, 90/10, 75/25 and 50/50 w/w) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the copolymers showed increasing erosion rates by increasing the PBAd content, while cytotoxicity studies revealed non-toxicity for all prepared biomaterials. SEM images showed the formation of well-shaped, spherical MPs with a smooth exterior surface and no particle's agglomeration, while DSC and pXRD data revealed that the presence of PBAd in the copolymers favors the amorphization of ARI. FTIR spectroscopy showed the formation of new ester bonds between the PLA and PBAd parts, while analysis of the MP formulations showed no molecular drug-polyester matrix interactions. In vitro dissolution studies suggested a highly tunable biphasic extended release, for up to 30 days, indicating the potential of the synthesized copolymers to act as promising LAI formulations, which will maintain a continuous therapeutic level for an extended time period. Lastly, several empirical and mechanistic models were also tested, with respect to their ability to fit the experimental release data.
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Öztürk AA, Yenilmez E, Şenel B, Kıyan HT, Güven UM. Effect of different molecular weight PLGA on flurbiprofen nanoparticles: formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect by using HET-CAM assay. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:682-695. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1755304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Alper Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Evrim Yenilmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Behiye Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tuba Kıyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Umay Merve Güven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Ginjupalli K, Shavi GV, Averineni RK, Bhat M, Udupa N, Nagaraja Upadhya P. Poly(α-hydroxy acid) based polymers: A review on material and degradation aspects. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Biocompatibility Assessment of Poly(lactic acid) Films after Sterilization with Ethylene Oxide in Histological Study In Vivo with Wistar Rats and Cellular Adhesion of Fibroblasts In Vitro. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials must meet certain fundamental requirements for their usage in living beings, such as biocompatibility, bifunctionality, and sterilizability, without having chemical and structural changes. The biocompatibility of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, shaped by compression, was evaluated after sterilization by ethylene oxide by a histological in vivo test with Wistar rats and cytotoxicity in cell adhesion in vitro. The cytotoxicity test was performed by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Thermal and chemical changes in PLA films concerning the proposed sterilization process and characteristics were not observed to evidence polymer degradation due to sterilization. The analysis of the cytotoxicity by the MTT method has shown that the sterilized PLA films are not cytotoxic. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on PLA films were homogeneously distributed over the evaluation period, showing an elongated appearance with unnumbered cytoplasmic extensions and cell-cell interactions. By examining the biocompatibility in a histological study, a mild tissue inflammation was observed with the presence of fibrosis in the samples that had been exposed for 21 days in the rats’ bodies. PLA films sterilized with ethylene oxide did not exhibit cell adhesion in vitro and toxicity to the surrounding tissue in vivo and they may be used in future in vivo testing, according to histological findings in Wistar rats in the present study.
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Modelling pH-Optimized Degradation of Microgel-Functionalized Polyesters. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2016; 2016:8125416. [PMID: 29062470 PMCID: PMC5058564 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8125416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We establish a novel mathematical model to describe and analyze pH levels in the vicinity of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinylimidazole) (VCL/AAEM/VIm) microgel-functionalized polymers during biodegradation. Biodegradable polymers, especially aliphatic polyesters (polylactide/polyglycolide/polycaprolactone homo- and copolymers), have a large range of medical applications including delivery systems, scaffolds, or stents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most of those applications are limited by the inherent drop of pH level during the degradation process. The combination of polymers with VCL/AAEM/VIm-microgels, which aims at stabilizing pH levels, is innovative and requires new mathematical models for the prediction of pH level evaluation. The mathematical model consists of a diffusion-reaction PDE system for the degradation including reaction rate equations and diffusion of acidic degradation products into the vicinity. A system of algebraic equations is coupled to the degradation model in order to describe the buffering action of the microgel. The model is validated against the experimental pH-monitored biodegradation of microgel-functionalized polymer foils and is available for the design of microgel-functionalized polymer components.
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Hiltunen M, Pelto J, Ellä V, Kellomäki M. Uniform and electrically conductive biopolymer-doped polypyrrole coating for fibrous PLA. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1721-1729. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hiltunen
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering; Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech; Tampere Finland
| | - J. Pelto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tampere Finland
| | - V. Ellä
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering; Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech; Tampere Finland
| | - M. Kellomäki
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering; Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech; Tampere Finland
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Biodegradable nanoparticles designed for drug delivery: The number of nanoparticles impacts on cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sabbatier G, Larrañaga A, Guay-Bégin AA, Fernandez J, Diéval F, Durand B, Sarasua JR, Laroche G. Design, Degradation Mechanism and Long-Term Cytotoxicity of Poly(l-lactide) and Poly(Lactide-co-ϵ-Caprolactone) Terpolymer Film and Air-Spun Nanofiber Scaffold. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1392-410. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gad Sabbatier
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux; Université Laval; 1065, avenue de la Médecine Québec City Canada G1V 0A6
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec; Hôpital St François d'Assise; 10, rue de l'Espinay Québec City Canada G1L 3L5
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textile, Université de Haute Alsace; École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs du Sud Alsace; 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Alameda de Urquijo s/n 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Andrée-Anne Guay-Bégin
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec; Hôpital St François d'Assise; 10, rue de l'Espinay Québec City Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Jorge Fernandez
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Alameda de Urquijo s/n 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Florence Diéval
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textile, Université de Haute Alsace; École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs du Sud Alsace; 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Bernard Durand
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textile, Université de Haute Alsace; École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs du Sud Alsace; 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Alameda de Urquijo s/n 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux; Université Laval; 1065, avenue de la Médecine Québec City Canada G1V 0A6
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec; Hôpital St François d'Assise; 10, rue de l'Espinay Québec City Canada G1L 3L5
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Fehér K, Romstadt T, Böhm CA, Kolkenbrock M, Blau MF, Kuehlwetter J, Molano Lopez AC, Pich A, Hannen J, Bürgermeister L, Schaaps N, Vogt F, Gries T, Jockenhövel S. Microgel-functionalised fibres with pH-optimised degradation behaviour – a promising approach for short-term medical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/bnm-2015-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResorbable polymers have been established for several decades in biomedical applications. The most frequently used resorbable polymers are still the aliphatic polyesters polylactides (PLA), polyglycolid (PGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) homo- and copolymers. However, inherent pH dropping during degradation of some biomaterials may provoke inflammation and, thus, hamper the healing process. In this study we investigate the manufacturing method of microgel functionalised PLA Fibres in a dry-spinning process and the buffering effect of the poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate) vinylimidazole (VCL/AAEM/Vlm) microgels during the degradation of the fibres. Furthermore we examine the biocompatibility of the produced fibres and established a mathematical model to describe and analyse the pH level in the vicinity of the PLA fibre.
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Adjustable degradation properties and biocompatibility of amorphous and functional poly(ester-acrylate)-based materials. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2800-7. [PMID: 24915542 DOI: 10.1021/bm500689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of materials toward a special application is crucial in the area of tissue engineering. The design of materials with predetermined degradation rates and controlled release of degradation products is therefore vital. Providing a material with various functional groups is one of the best ways to address this issue because alterations and modifications of the polymer backbone can be performed easily. Two different 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane/glycidyl methacrylate-based (MDO/GMA) copolymers were synthesized with different feed ratios and immersed into a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and in deionized water at 37 °C for up to 133 days. After different time intervals, the molecular weight changes, mass loss, pH, and degradation products were determined. By increasing the amount of GMA functional groups in the material, the degradation rate and the amount of acidic degradation products released from the material were decreased. As a result, the composition of the copolymers greatly affected the degradation rate. A rapid release of acidic degradation products during the degradation process could be an important issue for biomedical applications because it might affect the biocompatibility of the material. The cytotoxicity of the materials was evaluated using a MTT assay. These tests indicated that none of the materials demonstrated any obvious cytotoxicity, and the materials could therefore be considered biocompatible.
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Gugerell A, Kober J, Laube T, Walter T, Nürnberger S, Grönniger E, Brönneke S, Wyrwa R, Schnabelrauch M, Keck M. Electrospun poly(ester-Urethane)- and poly(ester-Urethane-Urea) fleeces as promising tissue engineering scaffolds for adipose-derived stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90676. [PMID: 24594923 PMCID: PMC3942471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An irreversible loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients after tumor removal or deep dermal burns makes soft tissue engineering one of the most important challenges in biomedical research. The ideal scaffold for adipose tissue engineering has yet not been identified though biodegradable polymers gained an increasing interest during the last years. In the present study we synthesized two novel biodegradable polymers, poly(ε-caprolactone-co-urethane-co-urea) (PEUU) and poly[(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)-co-(L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate)-block-oligo(ethylene glycol)-urethane] (PEU), containing different types of hydrolytically cleavable bondings. Solutions of the polymers at appropriate concentrations were used to fabricate fleeces by electrospinning. Ultrastructure, tensile properties, and degradation of the produced fleeces were evaluated. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were seeded on fleeces and morphology, viability, proliferation and differentiation were assessed. The biomaterials show fine micro- and nanostructures composed of fibers with diameters of about 0.5 to 1.3 µm. PEUU fleeces were more elastic, which might be favourable in soft tissue engineering, and degraded significantly slower compared to PEU. ASCs were able to adhere, proliferate and differentiate on both scaffolds. Morphology of the cells was slightly better on PEUU than on PEU showing a more physiological appearance. ASCs differentiated into the adipogenic lineage. Gene analysis of differentiated ASCs showed typical expression of adipogenetic markers such as PPARgamma and FABP4. Based on these results, PEUU and PEU meshes show a promising potential as scaffold materials in adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Gugerell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna Kober
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Grönniger
- Research Department Applied Skin Biology, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Brönneke
- Research Department Applied Skin Biology, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e. V., Jena, Germany
| | | | - Maike Keck
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Basnett P, Ching K, Stolz M, Knowles J, Boccaccini A, Smith C, Locke I, Keshavarz T, Roy I. Novel Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends for medical applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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The influence of chain microstructure of biodegradable copolyesters obtained with low-toxic zirconium initiator to in vitro biocompatibility. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:176946. [PMID: 24062998 PMCID: PMC3766997 DOI: 10.1155/2013/176946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of the wide use of biodegradable materials in tissue engineering, it is necessary to obtain biocompatible polymers with different mechanical and physical properties as well as degradation ratio. Novel co- and terpolymers of various composition and chain microstructure have been developed and applied for cell culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion and proliferation of human chondrocytes to four biodegradable copolymers: lactide-coglycolide, lactide-co-ε-caprolactone, lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate, glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone, and one terpolymer glycolide-colactide-co-ε-caprolactone synthesized with the use of zirconium acetylacetonate as a nontoxic initiator. Chain microstructure of the copolymers was analyzed by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and surface properties by AFM technique. Cell adhesion and proliferation were determined by CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit. After 4 h the chondrocyte adhesion on the surface of studied materials was comparable to standard TCPS. Cell proliferation occurred on all the substrates; however, among the studied polymers poly(L-lactide-coglycolide) 85 : 15 that characterized the most blocky structure best supported cell growth. Chondrocytes retained the cell membrane integrity evaluated by the LDH release assay. As can be summarized from the results of the study, all the studied polymers are well tolerated by the cells that make them appropriate for human chondrocytes growth.
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Singh RP, Ramarao P. Accumulated Polymer Degradation Products as Effector Molecules in Cytotoxicity of Polymeric Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:131-43. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Assessing the Degradation Profile of Functional Aliphatic Polyesters with Precise Control of the Degradation Products. Macromol Biosci 2011; 12:260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hu HT, Shin TC, Lee SY, Chen CC, Yang JC. Influence of hydrolytic degradation on the surface properties of poly-5d/95l-lactide resorbable bone plates. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Will J, Gerhardt LC, Boccaccini AR. Bioactive glass-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 126:195-226. [PMID: 22085919 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Originally developed to fill and restore bone defects, bioactive glasses are currently also being intensively investigated for bone tissue engineering applications. In this chapter, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds made from bioactive silicate glasses. A brief historical review and the fundamental requirements in the field of bone tissue engineering scaffolds will be presented, followed by a detailed overview of recent developments in bioactive glass-based scaffolds. In addition, the effects of ionic dissolution products of bioactive glasses on osteogenesis and angiogenic properties of scaffolds are briefly addressed. Finally, promising areas of future research and requirements for the advancement of the field are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Will
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Gerhardt LC, Boccaccini AR. Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 3:3867-3910. [PMID: 28883315 PMCID: PMC5445790 DOI: 10.3390/ma3073867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, bioactive glasses have been used to fill and restore bone defects. More recently, this category of biomaterials has become an emerging research field for bone tissue engineering applications. Here, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds on the basis of melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and relevant composite structures. Starting with an excerpt on the history of bioactive glasses, as well as on fundamental requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, a detailed overview on recent developments of bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds will be given, including a summary of common fabrication methods and a discussion on the microstructural-mechanical properties of scaffolds in relation to human bone (structure-property and structure-function relationship). In addition, ion release effects of bioactive glasses concerning osteogenic and angiogenic responses are addressed. Finally, areas of future research are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK.
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Liu Y, Shelton R, Gbureck U, Barralet J. Influence of calcium phosphate crystal morphology on the adhesion, spreading, and growth of bone derived cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pamula E, Filová E, Bačáková L, Lisá V, Adamczyk D. Resorbable polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: The influence of their microstructure on the growth of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:432-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anada T, Kumagai T, Honda Y, Masuda T, Kamijo R, Kamakura S, Yoshihara N, Kuriyagawa T, Shimauchi H, Suzuki O. Dose-dependent osteogenic effect of octacalcium phosphate on mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009. [PMID: 19230123 DOI: 10.1089/tea.2007.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been advocated to be a precursor of biological apatite crystals in bones and teeth. Our previous studies showed that synthetic OCP stimulates bone regeneration, followed by the progressive conversion of OCP into hydroxyapatite (HA), when implanted in bone defects. However, the precise mechanism to induce the osteogenic phenotype in osteoblasts by OCP has not been identified. The present study was designed to investigate whether the physicochemical aspect, specific to and derived from the structural properties of OCP, influences the function of an osteoblastic cell line, mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells. Different amounts of synthetic OCP and synthetic sintered ceramic HA were coated onto 48-well tissue culture plates. The amounts of OCP and HA were controlled to strengthen their intrinsic physicochemical properties, in which the milieu around the crystals will be modified during the culture. The roughness of the OCP coatings was independent of the amount of coating. Chemical analyses of the supernatants of the OCP coatings revealed that the concentration of Ca2+ decreased with increasing amounts of OCP, while the concentration of inorganic phosphate increased markedly, most probably through OCP--apatite conversion. ST-2 cells were cultured on the OCP or HA coatings up to day 21. The OCP coating caused a significant decrease in cell attachment and in the initial stage of proliferation, dependent upon the amount of coating. On the other hand, OCP enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers, including type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osterix. However, HA did not alter the expression of these markers in ST-2 cells cultured on different amounts of HA coating. These results demonstrated that OCP is capable of inducing the differentiation of stromal cells into osteoblastic cells, especially differentiation into early stage osteoblastic cells, prior to reaching the stage of mature osteoblastic cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Gundy S, Manning G, O'Connell E, Ellä V, Harwoko MS, Rochev Y, Smith T, Barron V. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cell response to a novel PLA textile/fibrin gel composite scaffold. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1734-44. [PMID: 18599374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of fibrin as a cell carrier for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. Unfortunately, fibrin exhibits poor mechanical properties. One method of addressing this issue is to incorporate a textile in fibrin to provide structural support. However, it is first necessary to develop a deeper understanding of the effect of the textile on cell response. In this study, the cytotoxicity of a polylactic acid (PLA) warp-knit textile was assessed with human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to examine the gene expression of HCASMC embedded in fibrin with and without the textile. Five genes were examined over a 3-week period: smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMalphaA), myosin heavy chain 11 smooth muscle (SM1/SM2), calponin, myosin heavy chain 10 non-muscle (SMemb) and collagen. Additionally, a microarray analysis was performed to examine a wider range of genes. The knitting process did not adversely affect the cell response; there was no dramatic change in cell number or metabolic rate compared to the negative control. After 3 weeks, there was no significant difference in gene expression, except for a slight decrease of 10% in SMemb in the fibrin with textile. After 3 weeks, there were no obvious cytotoxic effects observed as a result of the knitting process and the gene expression profile did not appear to be altered in the presence of the mesh in the fibrin gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gundy
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Chen YW, Shi GQ, Ding YL, Yu XX, Zhang XH, Zhao CS, Wan CX. In vitro study on the influence of strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate on the angiogenesis-related behaviors of HUVECs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2655-2662. [PMID: 18197373 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is of great importance in bone tissue engineering, and has gained large attention in the past decade. Strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) is a novel biodegradable material which has been proved to be able to promote in vivo angiogenesis during bone regeneration. An in vitro culture system was developed in the present work to examine its influence on angiogenesis-related behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), including cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation and migration. The effects of microtopography, chemical property and the ingredients in the degradation fluid (DF) on cell behaviors were discussed. The results showed that cells attached and spread better on SCPP scaffold than on calcium polyphosphate (CPP), which might partially result from the less rough surface of SCPP scaffold and the less hydrogel formed on the surface. In addition, cell proliferation was significantly improved when treated with SCPP DF compared with the treatment with CPP DF. Statistical analysis indicated that Sr(2+) in SCPP DF might be the main reason for the improved cell proliferation. Moreover, cell migration, another important step during angiogenesis, was evidently stimulated by SCPP DF. The improved in vivo angiogenesis by SCPP might be assigned to its better surface properties and strontium in the DF. This work also provides a new method for in vitro evaluation of biodegradable materials' potential effects on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Chen
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Anada T, Kumagai T, Honda Y, Masuda T, Kamijo R, Kamakura S, Yoshihara N, Kuriyagawa T, Shimauchi H, Suzuki O. Dose-Dependent Osteogenic Effect of Octacalcium Phosphate on Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:965-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taisuke Masuda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Department of Translational Research, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Yoshihara
- Department of Nanomechanics, Center for Micro/Nano Design and Processing Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa
- Department of Nanomechanics, Center for Micro/Nano Design and Processing Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Hakkarainen M, Adamus G, Höglund A, Kowalczuk M, Albertsson AC. ESI-MS Reveals the Influence of Hydrophilicity and Architecture on the Water-Soluble Degradation Product Patterns of Biodegradable Homo- and Copolyesters of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and ε-Caprolactone. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800365m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anders Höglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Meiners S, Ahmed I, Ponery AS, Amor N, Harris SL, Ayres V, Fan Y, Chen Q, Delgado-Rivera R, Babu AN. Engineering electrospun nanofibrillar surfaces for spinal cord repair: a discussion. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Höglund A, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M, Albertsson AC. Controllable Degradation Product Migration from Cross-Linked Biomedical Polyester-Ethers through Predetermined Alterations in Copolymer Composition. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2025-32. [PMID: 17521165 DOI: 10.1021/bm070292x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uniformly degrading biomaterials with adjustable degradation product migration rates were customized by combining the advantages of cross-linked poly(epsilon-caprolactone) with the hydrophilic character of poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one). Hydrolytic degradation of these random cross-linked networks using 2,2'-bis-(epsilon-caprolactone-4-yl) propane (BCP) as the cross-linking agent was studied for up to 546 days in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. The hydrophilicity of the materials was altered by varying the copolymer compositions. After different hydrolysis times the materials were characterized, and the degradation products were extracted from the buffer solution and analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to observe the changes taking place during the hydrolysis. From the results it was concluded that degradation profiles and migration of degradation products are controllable by tailoring the hydrophilicity of cross-linked polyester-ether networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Höglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hakkarainen M, Höglund A, Odelius K, Albertsson AC. Tuning the Release Rate of Acidic Degradation Products through Macromolecular Design of Caprolactone-Based Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6308-12. [PMID: 17439125 DOI: 10.1021/ja0702871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular engineering is presented as a tool to control the degradation rate and release rate of acidic degradation products from biomedical polyester ethers. Three different caprolactone/1,5-dioxepan-2-one (CL/DXO) copolymers were synthesized: DXO/CL/DXO triblock, CL/DXO multiblock, and random cross-linked CL/DXO copolymer. The relation of CL and DXO units in all three copolymers was 60/40 mol %. The polymer discs were immersed in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for up to 364 days. After different time periods degradation products were extracted from the buffer solution and analyzed. In addition mass loss, water absorption, molecular weight changes, and changes in thermal properties were determined. The results show that the release rate of acidic degradation products, a possible cause of acidic microclimates and inflammatory responses, is controllable through macromolecular design, i.e., different distribution of the weak linkages in the copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Landes CA, Ballon A, Roth C. Maxillary and mandibular osteosyntheses with PLGA and P(L/DL)LA implants: a 5-year inpatient biocompatibility and degradation experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117:2347-60. [PMID: 16772941 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000218787.49887.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study consists of a 5-year experience with 413 maxillary and mandibular resorbable plate osteosyntheses focusing on clinically apparent foreign body reaction (i.e., swelling, osteolyses, and fistulation), indirect implant degradation (i.e., palpability and radiographic reossification), and direct implant degradation (i.e., molecular weight and crystallinity of explants). METHODS Eighty fracture and reconstruction cases (32 female and 48 male patients, aged 1 to 83 years) were osteofixated with poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer (n = 20) (139 PLGA osteosyntheses) or poly(L-lactide-co-DL-lactide) [P(L/DL)LA] (n = 60) [274 P(L/DL)LA osteosyntheses]. Local revisions (n = 30) were performed during secondary operations at 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months. Average clinical and radiographic follow-up lasted 29 months (range, 6 to 63 months). RESULTS Five patients (6 percent) had apparent foreign body reactions, whereas 75 (94 percent) did not. One P(L/DL)LA mild reaction was effectively treated with cold packs and analgesics, one PLGA and three P(L/DL)LA medium severe reactions were treated with curettage, and one local osteolysis disappeared at 6 months. Implant palpability lasted 12 (PLGA) or 24 months [P(L/DL)LA]. The difference was significant (p < 0.000001). Burr holes reossified at 24 (PLGA) and 36 months [P(L/DL)LA] (p < 0.05). The 85:15 PLGA explants' initial 44,600 molecular weight decreased to 11,000 at 6 months; and scarce powdering granular residuals, too small for molecular weight assessment, were encountered at 12 months. The 70:30 P(L/DL)LA initial molecular weight of 45,000 decreased to 25,000 at 6 months and 8,000 at 18 months and to similar granules at 24 months (p < 0.02). Histology showed macrophages, giant cells, lymphocyte infiltration, little granulocytic infiltration, and minimal bleeding residuals. CONCLUSIONS Both copolymers showed reliable biocompatibility and disintegration. Overall, 6 percent clinically apparent foreign body reactions were controlled conservatively and by local curettage; 85:15 PLGA degraded within 12 months and 70:30 P(L/DL)LA within 24 months, leaving powdering residual granules. Burr holes reossified 12 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin A Landes
- Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, J. W. Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Marques AP, Cruz HR, Coutinho OP, Reis RL. Effect of starch-based biomaterials on the in vitro proliferation and viability of osteoblast-like cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2005; 16:833-42. [PMID: 16167112 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-3580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of starch-based polymers was investigated using different methodologies. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) was used as a control for comparison purposes. Extracts of four different starch-based blends (corn starch and ethylene vinyl alcohol (SEVA-C), corn starch and cellulose acetate (SCA), corn starch and polycaprolactone (SPCL) and starch and poly-lactic acid (SPLA70) were prepared in culture medium and their toxicity was analysed. Osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were incubated with the extracts and cell viability was assessed using the MTT test and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. In addition DNA and total protein were quantified in order to evaluate cell proliferation. Cells were also cultured in direct contact with the polymers for 3 and 7 days and observed in light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LDH and DNA quantification revealed to be the most sensitive tests to assess respectively cell viability and cell proliferation after incubation with starch-based materials and PLLA. SCA was the starch blend with higher cytotoxicity index although similar to PLLA polymer. Cell adhesion tests confirmed the worst performance of the blend of starch with cellulose acetate but also showed that SPCL does not perform as well as it could be expected. All the other materials were shown to present a comparable behaviour in terms of cell adhesion showing slight differences in morphology that seem to disappear for longer culture times. The results of this study suggest that not only the extract of the materials but also their three-dimensional form has to be biologically tested in order to analyse material-associated parameters that are not possible to consider within the degradation extract. In this study, the majority of the starch-based biomaterials presented very promising results in terms of cytotoxicity, comparable to the currently used biodegradable PLLA which might lead the biocompatibility evaluation of those novel biomaterials to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Marques
- 3B's Research Group--Biomaterials, Biodegradables, Biomimetics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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De Jong WH, Eelco Bergsma J, Robinson JE, Bos RRM. Tissue response to partially in vitro predegraded poly-L-lactide implants. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1781-91. [PMID: 15576152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo local reaction of as-polymerized poly-L-lactide composed of 96% L-lactide and 4% D-lactide (PLA96) was investigated by histology at 2, 13 and 26 weeks after subcutaneous implantation in rats. In order to simulate possible end stage reactions the PLA96 was also predegraded in vitro until approximately 50% weight loss. The local reaction of predegraded PLA (PLA96(168)) was compared to the local reaction of polyethylene (PE) and non-predegraded PLA (PLA96). For PE and PLA96 a mild local reaction was observed at all time points consisting of a minimal layer of macrophage like cells with incidentally multinucleated giant cells at the implant interface, surrounded by a mild connective tissue capsule. For PLA96 at weeks 13 and 26 some minimal alterations in terms of degradation and ingrowth of cells was noted. The in vitro incubation (90 degrees C for 168 h) of PLA96(168) resulted for the thin 0.2 mm samples in complete degradation. Predegraded 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm PLA96(168) samples were implanted and evaluated. The 1.0 and 2.0 mm samples could be evaluated for all time points investigated, but some 0.5 mm PLA96(168) samples were already completely resorbed at week 2 after implantation. In general, responses found for the predegraded PLA96(168) at weeks 2, 13 and 26 were similar with a pronounced macrophage infiltrate containing birefringent material, encapsulation of polymer fragments, and the presence of a debris area consisting of polymer and cellular remnants. In lymph nodes foamy macrophages with birefringent material were only observed in lymph nodes draining sites with predegraded PLA96(168). Immunohistochemistry was performed for further characterization of the cellular infiltrate. At the implant interface of the non-degrading PE and PLA96, ED1 and OX6 (MHC class II) positive cells were identified. In the capsule macrophage like cells expressed all three macrophage markers ED1, ED2, and ED3. CD4 and CD8 positive cells, indicating T helper and T supressor/cytotoxic cells, respectively, could be observed in low numbers, CD4 more than CD8. Both CD4 and CD8 were occasionally observed within the degrading PLA96(168) implant. Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes were mainly observed at 2 weeks after implantation. We showed that predegradation could be used as a means to study late tissue reactions to polymers. Complete degradation may be studied with relatively thin implants, but this may lead to rather optimistic interpretation of resorption periods. When materials are intended to be used for screws and/or plates for bone fixation, implants of at least 1.0-2.0 mm thickness should be used as these may show a more realistic representation of the resorption characteristics of the material under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H De Jong
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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van Minnen B, Stegenga B, van Leeuwen MBM, van Kooten TG, Bos RRM. A long-termin vitro biocompatibility study of a biodegradable polyurethane and its degradation products. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 76:377-85. [PMID: 16270347 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biological safety of degradation products from degradable biomaterials is very important. In this study a new method is proposed to test the cytotoxicity of these degradation products with the aim to save time, laboratory animals, and research funds. A biodegradable polyurethane (PU) foam was subjected to this test method. The PU had soft segments of DL-lactide/epsilon-caprolactone and hard segments synthesized from butanediol and 1,4-butanediiosocyanate. Copolymer foams without urethane segments, consisting of DL-lactide/epsilon-caprolactone, were tested as well. Accumulated degradation products were collected by degrading the foams in distilled water at 60 degrees C up to 52 weeks. Cell-culture medium was prepared from powder medium with this water. In different tests the cytotoxicity of this medium was established. The first signs of cytotoxicity were observed after 3-5 weeks of degradation. This accounts for both materials and reestablishes the good short-term biocompatibility of these materials. The PU showed more toxicity toward the end stages of degradation in comparison with the copolymer. This is probably related to the accumulation of degradation products of the urethane segments. In the in vivo situation the degradation of the PU and the metabolism and excretion of degradation products may differ. Therefore, long-term in vivo studies will have to establish whether these in vitro results are representative for the in vivo behavior of the degrading PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- B van Minnen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Czajkowska B, Dobrzynski P, Bero M. Interaction of cells withL-lactide/glycolide copolymers synthesized with the use of tin or zirconium compounds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 74:591-7. [PMID: 16015641 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Comparative studies have been carried out on the viability of cells culture and production of collagen on lactide/glycolide copolymers synthesized using zirconium or tin initiators. Cell response of various cell types: fibroblast-like cells, osteoblast-like cells, monocyte/macrophage-like cells has been examined. Cell response depends on the kind of cells and the initiator used during the synthesis of the polymer. In a number of cases the cells grown on materials containing zirconium have been reported to have better survival (for example, Saos2 cells). An enhanced collagen production on these copolymers has been also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Czajkowska
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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van Dijkhuizen-Radersma R, Hesseling SC, Kaim PE, de Groot K, Bezemer JM. Biocompatibility and degradation of poly(ether-ester) microspheres: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomaterials 2002; 23:4719-29. [PMID: 12361610 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microspheres of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic poly(ether-ester) copolymer were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and degradation. The microspheres prior to and after sterilization were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity. The in vivo biocompatibility of the poly(ethylene glycol) terephthalate and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEGT/PBT) microspheres was evaluated subcutaneously and intramuscularly for 24 weeks in rabbits. The in vivo degradation of the microspheres was studied microscopically and compared to the in vitro degradation. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed the biocompatibility of the microspheres of both the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic PEGT/PBT copolymer. Extracts of these microspheres showed no cytotoxic reactivity in the in vitro cytotoxicity test. Sterilization of the microspheres by gamma irradiation did not affect the cytotoxicity. PEGT/PBT microspheres injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly in rabbits showed a mild tissue response in vivo, in terms of the inflammatory response, the foreign body reaction and the granulation tissue response. Although an in vitro degradation experiment showed a decrease in molecular weight due to hydrolysis, the in vivo degradation of the microspheres was slower than previously published.
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Pietrzak WS, Gamboa M, Patel K, Sharma D, Kumar M, Eppley BL. The effect of therapeutic irradiation on LactoSorb absorbable copolymer. J Craniofac Surg 2002; 13:547-53. [PMID: 12140421 DOI: 10.1097/00001665-200207000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioabsorbable implants continue to gain popularity in providing temporary internal fixation due to their many advantages over metallic internal fixation. Coincident with the presence of internal fixation devices, it may be necessary to use radiotherapy to treat tumors. While metal implants can alter the distribution of the radiotherapy beam, bioabsorbable polymer implants are, essentially, tissue equivalent. This ionizing irradiation, in sufficiently high dose, can affect polymers through chain scission and cross-linking and accelerate the hydrolysis of absorbable polymers. However, little is known about the effects of therapeutic doses on such materials. This study exposed LactoSorb (Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, IN) absorbable copolymer to doses of x-ray irradiation in a clinically relevant manner, in vitro, with individual doses of 2 Gy administered five days per week for up to eight weeks, yielding a total cumulative dose of up to 80 Gy. Specimens were tested both mechanically and for inherent viscosity. Overall, the LactoSorb specimens withstood exposure to the irradiation exceedingly well, providing empirical evidence of the suitability of this material for temporary internal fixation when subsequent radiotherapy in the region is probable.
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