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Gamal A, Fikry E, Tawfeek N, El-Shafae AM, El-Sayed ASA, El-Domiaty MM. Production and bioprocessing of Taxol from Aspergillus niger, an endophyte of Encephalartos whitelockii, with a plausible biosynthetic stability: antiproliferative activity and cell cycle analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:78. [PMID: 38475853 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic potency of Taxol by fungi raises their prospective to be a platform for commercial production of Taxol, nevertheless, the attenuation of its productivity with the fungal storage, is the challenge. Thus, screening for a novel fungal isolate inhabiting ethnopharmacological plants, with a plausible metabolic stability for Taxol production could be one of the most affordable approaches. Aspergillus niger OR414905.1, an endophyte of Encephalartos whitelockii, had the highest Taxol productivity (173.9 μg/L). The chemical identity of the purified Taxol was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS analyses, exhibiting the same molecular mass (854.5 m/z) and molecular fragmentation pattern of the authentic Taxol. The purified Taxol exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7 and Caco-2, with IC50 values 0.011, 0.016, and 0.067 μM, respectively, in addition to a significant activity against A. flavus, as a model of human fungal pathogen. The purified Taxol displayed a significant effect against the cellular migration of HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells, by ~ 52-59% after 72 h, compared to the control, confirming its interference with the cellular matrix formation. Furthermore, the purified Taxol exhibited a significant ability to prompt apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, by about 11-fold compared to control cells, suppressing their division at G2/M phase. Taxol productivity by A. niger has been optimized by the response surface methodology with Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design, resulting in a remarkable ~ 1.6-fold increase (279.8 μg/L), over the control. The biological half-life time of Taxol productivity by A. niger was ~ 6 months of preservation at 4 ℃, however, the Taxol yield by A. niger was partially restored in response to ethyl acetate extracts of E. whitelockii, ensuring the presence of plant-derived signals that triggers the cryptic Taxol encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gamal
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman Fikry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Shafae
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Maher M El-Domiaty
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Elmowafy M, Shalaby K, Elkomy MH, Alsaidan OA, Gomaa HAM, Abdelgawad MA, Mostafa EM. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Delivery of Natural Bioactive Agents: Recent Advances and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051123. [PMID: 36904364 PMCID: PMC10007077 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, several natural bioactive agents have been widely utilized in the treatment and prevention of many diseases owing to their unique and versatile therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective action. However, their poor aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, low GIT stability, extensive metabolism as well as short duration of action are the most shortfalls hampering their biomedical/pharmaceutical applications. Different drug delivery platforms have developed in this regard, and a captivating tool of this has been the fabrication of nanocarriers. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles were reported to offer proficient delivery of various natural bioactive agents with good entrapment potential and stability, an efficiently controlled release, improved bioavailability, and fascinating therapeutic efficacy. In addition, surface decoration and polymer functionalization have opened the door to improving the characteristics of polymeric nanoparticles and alleviating the reported toxicity. Herein, a review of the state of knowledge on polymeric nanoparticles loaded with natural bioactive agents is presented. The review focuses on frequently used polymeric materials and their corresponding methods of fabrication, the needs of such systems for natural bioactive agents, polymeric nanoparticles loaded with natural bioactive agents in the literature, and the potential role of polymer functionalization, hybrid systems, and stimuli-responsive systems in overcoming most of the system drawbacks. This exploration may offer a thorough idea of viewing the polymeric nanoparticles as a potential candidate for the delivery of natural bioactive agents as well as the challenges and the combating tools used to overcome any hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-541869569
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. M. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Advances in Polymeric Colloids for Cancer Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245445. [PMID: 36559812 PMCID: PMC9788371 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer colloids have remarkable features and are gaining importance in many areas of research including medicinal science. Presently, the innovation of cancer drugs is at the top in the world. Polymer colloids have been used as drug delivery and diagnosis agents in cancer treatment. The polymer colloids may be of different types such as micelles, liposomes, emulsions, cationic carriers, and hydrogels. The current article describes the state-of-the-art polymer colloids for the treatment of cancer. The contents of this article are about the role of polymeric nanomaterials with special emphasis on the different types of colloidal materials and their applications in targeted cancer therapy including cancer diagnoses. In addition, attempts are made to discuss future perspectives. This article will be useful for academics, researchers, and regulatory authorities.
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M S, N RP, Rajendrasozhan S. Bacterial redox response factors in the management of environmental oxidative stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:11. [PMID: 36369499 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria evolved to survive in the available environmental chemosphere via several cellular mechanisms. A rich pool of antioxidants and stress regulators plays a significant role in the survival of bacteria in unfavorable environmental conditions. Most of the microbes exhibit resistant phenomena in toxic environment niches. Naturally, bacteria possess efficient thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin, and peroxiredoxin redox systems to handle environmental oxidative stress. Further, an array of transcriptional regulators senses the oxidative stress conditions. Transcription regulators, such as OxyR, SoxRS, PerR, UspA, SsrB, MarA, OhrR, SarZ, etc., sense and transduce bacterial oxidative stress responses. The redox-sensitive transcription regulators continuously recycle the utilized antioxidant enzymes during oxidative stress. These regulators promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxides that overcome oxidative insults. Therefore, the transcriptional regulations maintain steady-state activities of antioxidant enzymes representing the resistance against host cell/environmental oxidative insults. Further, the redox system provides reducing equivalents to synthesize biomolecules, thereby contributing to cellular repair mechanisms. The inactive transcriptional regulators in the undisturbed cells are activated by oxidative stress. The oxidized transcriptional regulators modulate the expression of antioxidant and cellular repair enzymes to survive in extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, targeting these antioxidant systems and response regulators could alter cellular redox homeostasis. This review presents the mechanisms of different redox systems that favor bacterial survival in extreme environmental oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsan M
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad N
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
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Singh D, Kaur P, Attri S, Singh S, Sharma P, Mohana P, Kaur K, Kaur H, Singh G, Rashid F, Singh D, Kumar A, Rajput A, Bedi N, Singh B, Buttar HS, Arora S. Recent Advances in the Local Drug Delivery Systems for Improvement of Anticancer Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:560 - 586. [PMID: 34906056 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211214112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional anticancer chemotherapies not only cause serious toxic effects, but also produce resistance in tumor cells exposed to long-term therapy. Usually, the killing of metastasized cancer cells requires long-term therapy with higher drug doses, because the cancer cells develop resistance due to the induction of poly-glycoproteins (P-gps) that act as a transmembrane efflux pump to transport drugs out of the cells. During the last few decades, scientists have been exploring new anticancer drug delivery systems such as microencapsulation, hydrogels, and nanotubes to improve bioavailability, reduce drug-dose requirement, decrease multiple drug resistance, and to save normal cells as non-specific targets. Hopefully, the development of novel drug delivery vehicles (nanotubes, liposomes, supramolecules, hydrogels, and micelles) will assist to deliver drug molecules at the specific target site and reduce the undesirable side effects of anticancer therapies in humans. Nanoparticles and lipid formulations are also designed to deliver small drug payload at the desired tumor cell sites for their anticancer actions. This review will focus on the recent advances in the drug delivery systems, and their application in treating different cancer types in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Palvi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Pallavi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga. India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario. Canada
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
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Guruprasad Reddy P, Domb AJ. Formation of micro/nanoparticles and microspheres from polyesters by dispersion ring‐opening polymerization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
- School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Center for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis Jerusalem Israel
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Center for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis Jerusalem Israel
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7
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Albalawi F, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ. Engineered Nanomaterials: The Challenges and Opportunities for Nanomedicines. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:161-184. [PMID: 33447033 PMCID: PMC7802788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s288236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology as a key enabling technology over the past years has opened avenues for new and innovative applications in nanomedicine. From the business aspect, the nanomedicine market was estimated to worth USD 293.1 billion by 2022 with a perception of market growth to USD 350.8 billion in 2025. Despite these opportunities, the underlying challenges for the future of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in nanomedicine research became a significant obstacle in bringing ENMs into clinical stages. These challenges include the capability to design bias-free methods in evaluating ENMs' toxicity due to the lack of suitable detection and inconsistent characterization techniques. Therefore, in this literature review, the state-of-the-art of engineered nanomaterials in nanomedicine, their toxicology issues, the working framework in developing a toxicology benchmark and technical characterization techniques in determining the toxicity of ENMs from the reported literature are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Albalawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory Institute of Bioscience, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Ali I, Mukhtar SD, Ali HS, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Advances in Nanoparticles as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vector: Need of this Century. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1637-1649. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203124330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nanotechnology has contributed a great deal to the field of medical science. Smart drugdelivery
vectors, combined with stimuli-based characteristics, are becoming increasingly important. The use of
external and internal stimulating factors can have enormous benefits and increase the targeting efficiency of
nanotechnology platforms. The pH values of tumor vascular tissues are acidic in nature, allowing the improved
targeting of anticancer drug payloads using drug-delivery vectors. Nanopolymers are smart drug-delivery vectors
that have recently been developed and recommended for use by scientists because of their potential targeting
capabilities, non-toxicity and biocompatibility, and make them ideal nanocarriers for personalized drug delivery.
Method:
The present review article provides an overview of current advances in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as
anticancer drug-delivery vectors.
Results:
This article reviews the molecular basis for the use of NPs in medicine, including personalized medicine,
personalized therapy, emerging vistas in anticancer therapy, nanopolymer targeting, passive and active targeting
transports, pH-responsive drug carriers, biological barriers, computer-aided drug design, future challenges and
perspectives, biodegradability and safety.
Conclusions:
This article will benefit academia, researchers, clinicians, and government authorities by providing a
basis for further research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara – 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofi D. Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Heyam S. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Al-Rawi NN, Anwer BA, Al-Rawi NH, Uthman AT, Ahmed IS. Magnetism in drug delivery: The marvels of iron oxides and substituted ferrites nanoparticles. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:876-887. [PMID: 32647490 PMCID: PMC7335713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional utilization of drugs is characterized by poor biodistribution, limited effectiveness, and lack of selectivity, besides undesirable side effects on multiple body systems. Seeking a DDS with a modifiable skeleton to customize drug targeting is of extreme importance for successful therapy of many diseases. Among the different synthesis strategies for MNPs, chemical methods are the most common, and on top of the pyramid, is the co-precipitation method. MNPs have customizable properties, where applying a hydrophilic coating protects the particles from opsonization and human-immunity recognition, which increases their circulation time. The route MNPs usually follow in the body starts with magnetic guidance to the target, immobilization for drug release, and finally clearance. Interestingly, multifunctional nanocomplexes with conjugated SPIONS and PEI presented enhanced transfection while decreased PEI toxicity. Theranostic applications of MNPs are limitless, whether it is a dual function of diagnosis and therapy simultaneously, or a multimodal imaging system. IONPs participate in the production of oxidative stress that leads to cell damage. Metal ferrite NPs can overcome the drawbacks of IONPs provided that the substituting metal in use is less toxic. Metal ferrite NPs present unique properties of high saturation magnetization, enhanced encapsulation efficacy, as well as enzyme-mimetic activities. Magnesium ferrite NPs (MFNPs) were found to exhibit greater magnetic heating capacity compared to other ferrites. MFNPs also show safe metabolism and high biocompatibility, making them a promising system for cancer applications.
In modern drug delivery, seeking a drug delivery system (DDS) with a modifiable skeleton for proper targeting of loaded actives to specific sites in the body is of extreme importance for a successful therapy. Magnetically guided nanosystems, where particles such as iron oxides are guided to specific regions using an external magnetic field, can provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while delivering a therapeutic payload at the same time, which represents a breakthrough in disease therapy and make MNPs excellent candidates for several biomedical applications. In this review, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) along with their distinguishable properties, including pharmacokinetics and toxicity, especially in cancer therapy will be discussed. The potential perspective of using other elements within the MNP system to reduce toxicity, improve pharmacokinetics, increase the magnetization ability, improve physical targeting precision and/or widen the scope of its biomedical application will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Natheer Al-Rawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma Azad Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natheer Hashim Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asmaa Tahseen Uthman
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Su S, Kang PM. Systemic Review of Biodegradable Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E656. [PMID: 32244653 PMCID: PMC7221794 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine is a field of science that uses nanoscale materials for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. It has emerged as an important aspect of the therapeutics, but at the same time, also raises concerns regarding the safety of the nanomaterials involved. Recent applications of functionalized biodegradable nanomaterials have significantly improved the safety profile of nanomedicine. OBJECTIVE Our goal is to evaluate different types of biodegradable nanomaterials that have been functionalized for their biomedical applications. METHOD In this review, we used PubMed as our literature source and selected recently published studies on biodegradable nanomaterials and their applications in nanomedicine. RESULTS We found that biodegradable polymers are commonly functionalized for various purposes. Their property of being naturally degraded under biological conditions allows these biodegradable nanomaterials to be used for many biomedical purposes, including bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery, implantation and tissue engineering. The degradability of these nanoparticles can be utilized to control cargo release, by allowing efficient degradation of the nanomaterials at the target site while maintaining nanoparticle integrity at off-target sites. CONCLUSION While each biodegradable nanomaterial has its advantages and disadvantages, with careful design and functionalization, biodegradable nanoparticles hold great future in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M. Kang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 910, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
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11
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Ali I, Alsehli M, Scotti L, Tullius Scotti M, Tsai ST, Yu RS, Hsieh MF, Chen JC. Progress in Polymeric Nano-Medicines for Theranostic Cancer Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E598. [PMID: 32155695 PMCID: PMC7182942 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease killing millions of people globally. Among various medical treatments, nano-medicines are gaining importance continuously. Many nanocarriers have been developed for treatment, but polymerically-based ones are acquiring importance due to their targeting capabilities, biodegradability, biocompatibility, capacity for drug loading and long blood circulation time. The present article describes progress in polymeric nano-medicines for theranostic cancer treatment, which includes cancer diagnosis and treatment in a single dosage form. The article covers the applications of natural and synthetic polymers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Efforts were also made to discuss the merits and demerits of such polymers; the status of approved nano-medicines; and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory—Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory—Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Shang-Ting Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Center for Minimally-Invasive Medical Devices and Technologies, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Siang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No.2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Ming Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; (S.-T.T.); (R.-S.Y.); (M.F.H.)
- Center for Minimally-Invasive Medical Devices and Technologies, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
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12
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Zhang J, Sun R, DeSouza-Edwards AO, Frueh J, Sukhorukov GB. Microchamber arrays made of biodegradable polymers for enzymatic release of small hydrophilic cargos. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2266-2275. [PMID: 32039413 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of small hydrophilic molecules and response to specific biological triggers in a controlled manner have become two of the significant challenges in biomedical research, in particular in the field of localized drug delivery and biosensing. This work reports the fabrication of free-standing microchamber array films made of biodegradable polymers for the encapsulation and enzymatically triggered release of small hydrophilic molecules. Polycaprolactone (PCL) microchamber arrays were demonstrated to fully biodegrade within 5 hours of exposure to lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (lipase PS) at a concentration of 0.5 mg ml-1, with lower concentrations producing correspondingly longer degradation times. The gradual process of deterioration was real-time monitored utilising laser Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Additionally, a small hydrophilic molecule, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), was loaded into the PCL microchamber arrays in a dry state; however, the substantial permeability of the PCL film led to leakage of the dye molecules. Consequently, polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with PCL to reduce its permeability, enabling blended PCL-PLA (1 : 2 ratio correspondingly) microchamber arrays to trap the small hydrophilic molecule CF. PCL-PLA (1 : 2) microchamber arrays hold potential for controlled release under the catalysis of lipase within 26 hours. Additionally, it is calculated that approximately 11 pg of CF dye crystals was loaded into individual microchambers of 10 μm size, indicating that the microchamber array films could yield a highly efficient encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Arun O DeSouza-Edwards
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Johannes Frueh
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China and Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143025, Russia.
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13
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Noreen A, Zia KM, Tabasum S, Khalid S, Shareef R. A review on grafting of hydroxyethylcellulose for versatile applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:289-303. [PMID: 32004607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, hydrophilic, non- ionic water soluble derivative of cellulose. It is broadly used in biomedical field, paint industry, as a soil amendment in agriculture, coal dewatering, cosmetics, absorbent pads, wastewater treatment and gel electrolyte membranes. Industrial uses of HEC can be extended by the its grafting with different polymers including poly acrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polylactic acid, polyethyleneglycol, polydimethyleamide, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate. This permits the formation of new biomaterials with improved properties and versatile applications. In this article, a comprehensive overview of graft copolymers of HEC with other polymers/compounds and their applications in drug delivery, stimuli sensitive hydrogels, super absorbents, personal hygiene products and coal dewatering is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqdas Noreen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030-Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030-Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030-Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030-Pakistan
| | - Rahila Shareef
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030-Pakistan
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14
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Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Rehman NU, Sarwar R, Ahmad T, Ghaffar R, Khan H, Al-Amri I, Csuk R, Al-Rawahi A. Loading AKBA on surface of silver nanoparticles to improve their sedative-hypnotic and anti-inflammatory efficacies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2783-2798. [PMID: 31617445 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a potent anti-inflammatory compound limited by its low water solubility and bioavailability. To load AKBA on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to improve bioavailability and water solubility of the compound. Materials & methods: AKBA-AgNPs were chemically synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. AKBA and AKBA-Ag were studied for their sedative-hypnotic and anti-inflammatory efficacies. Results: Pretreatment with AKBA or AKBA-Ag caused significant dose-dependent sedative-hypnotic effects at 5 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal. The effects of AKBA-loaded AgNPs caused pronounced changes in mice compared with those of AKBA, and the AKBA-AgNPs demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects that were superior to those of AKBA. Conclusion: The loading of AKBA on nanoparticles improved its pharmacokinetic effects, and capacity for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rizwana Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman.,Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Issa Al-Amri
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rene Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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15
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Witt S, Scheper T, Walter J. Production of polycaprolactone nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters below 100 nm. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:658-665. [PMID: 32624959 PMCID: PMC6999587 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide increasing burden and its therapy is often challenging and causes severe side effects in healthy tissue. If drugs are loaded into nanoparticles, side effects can be reduced, and efficiency can be increased via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. This effect is based on the fact that nanoparticles with sizes from 10 to 200 nm can accumulate in tumor tissue due to their leaky vasculature. In this work, we produced polycaprolactone (PCL) in the sizes 1.8, 5.4, and 13.6 kDa and were able to produce spherical shaped nanoparticles with mean diameters of 64 ± 19 nm out of the PCL5.4 and 45 ± 8 nm out of the PCL13.6 reproducibly. By encapsulation of paclitaxel the diameter of that nanoparticles did not increase, and we were able to encapsulate 73 ± 7 fmol paclitaxel per 1000 particles in the PCL5.4-nanoparticles and 35 ± 8 fmol PTX per 1000 PCL13.6-nanoparticles. Furthermore, we coupled the aptamer S15 to preformed PCL5.4-nanoparticles resulting in particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 153 nm. This offers the opportunity to use these nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Witt
- Institut für Technische Chemie HannoverLeibniz Universität HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institut für Technische Chemie HannoverLeibniz Universität HannoverHannoverGermany
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16
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Parveen S, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Clinical developments of antitumor polymer therapeutics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24699-24721. [PMID: 35528643 PMCID: PMC9069890 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics encompasses polymer-drug conjugates that are nano-sized, multicomponent constructs already in the clinic as antitumor compounds, either as single agents or in combination with other organic drug scaffolds. Nanoparticle-based polymer-conjugated therapeutics are poised to become a leading delivery strategy for cancer treatments as they exhibit prolonged half-life, higher stability and selectivity, water solubility, longer clearance time, lower immunogenicity and antigenicity and often also specific targeting to tissues or cells. Compared to free drugs, polymer-tethered drugs preferentially accumulate in the tumor sites unlike conventional chemotherapy which does not discriminate between the cancer cells and healthy cells, thereby causing severe side-effects. It is also desirable that the drug reaches its site of action at a particular concentration and the therapeutic dose remains constant over a sufficiently long period of time. This can be achieved by opting for new formulations possessing polymeric systems of drug carriers. However, many challenges still remain unanswered in polymeric drug conjugates which need to be readdressed and therefore, can broaden the scope of this field. This review highlights some of the antitumor polymer therapeutics including polymer-drug conjugates, polymeric micelles, polymeric liposomes and other polymeric nanoparticles that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Parveen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Yanbu Branch 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia +966 504522069
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 India
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17
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Farooq U, Ahmad T, Khan A, Sarwar R, Shafiq J, Raza Y, Ahmed A, Ullah S, Ur Rehman N, Al-Harrasi A. Rifampicin conjugated silver nanoparticles: a new arena for development of antibiofilm potential against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3983-3993. [PMID: 31213810 PMCID: PMC6549787 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections caused by drug resistant bacteria are a major health concern worldwide and have prompted scientists to carry out efforts to overcome this challenge. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop new kinds of antimicrobial agents by using different physical and chemical methods to overcome these problems. Materials and methods: In the present study, rifampicin conjugated silver (Rif-Ag) nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized using a chemical method. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and AFM. Results: The AFM, SEM, and TEM results showed that the average particle size of Rif-Ag nanoparticles was about 15-18±4 nm. The FTIR spectra revealed the conjugation of -NH2 and -OH functional moiety with silver nanoparticles surface. Considering the penetrating power of rifampicin, the free drug is compared with synthesized nanoparticle for antimicrobial, biofilm inhibition, and eradication potential. Synthesized nanoparticles were found to be significantly active as compared to drug alone. Conclusion: This study has shown greater biofilm inhibitory and eradicating potential against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as evident by crystal violet, MTT staining, and microscopic analysis. So, it will be further modified, and studies for the mechanism of action are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rizwana Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jazib Shafiq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Raza
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safi Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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18
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Quérette T, Fleury E, Sintes-Zydowicz N. Non-isocyanate polyurethane nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Jiang K, Shen M, Xu W. Arginine, glycine, aspartic acid peptide-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposome for the treatment of lung cancer: in vitro/vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2561-2569. [PMID: 29731631 PMCID: PMC5927341 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, a novel arginine, glycine, aspartic acid peptide (RGD)-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes were developed to evaluate their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Co-loaded liposomes were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The particles had spherical shapes under electron microscopy with sizes <130 nm. Results By comparison with the free drug, RGD-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes and paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes have sustained-release properties in vitro. In vivo, there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the RGD-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes and paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes. A strong green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasmic region after incubation of RGD-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes for 2 h. RGD-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes showed a superior antiproliferative effect on A549 cells with a possible mechanism that suppressed the multidrug resistance phenomenon and exhibited a clear synergistic effect. Conclusion The results indicate that RGD-modified paclitaxel and curcumin co-loaded liposomes had a better antitumor effect in vivo than the non-modified LPs. These results indicate that RGD-modified co-loaded liposomes are a promising candidate for antitumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanqiu Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lee HY, Park JH, Ji YB, Kwon DY, Lee BK, Kim JH, Park K, Kim MS. Preparation of pendant group-functionalized amphiphilic diblock copolymers in the presence of a monomer activator and evaluation as temperature-responsive hydrogels. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Neamtu I, Rusu AG, Diaconu A, Nita LE, Chiriac AP. Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:539-557. [PMID: 28181831 PMCID: PMC8240973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1276232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels in biomedical field are promising and innovative materials as dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles based on crosslinked polymeric networks that have been called as next generation drug delivery systems due to their relatively high drug encapsulation capacity, uniformity, tunable size, ease of preparation, minimal toxicity, stability in the presence of serum, and stimuli responsiveness. Nanogels show a great potential in chemotherapy, diagnosis, organ targeting and delivery of bioactive substances. The main subjects reviewed in this article concentrates on: (i) Nanogel assimilation in the nanomedicine domain; (ii) Features and advantages of nanogels, the main characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization, bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive substances, which are taken into account in designing the structures according to the application; some data on the advantages and limitations of the preparation techniques; (iii) Recent progress in nanogels as a carrier of genetic material, protein and vaccine. The majority of the scientific literature presents the multivalency potential of bioconjugated nanogels in various conditions. Today's research focuses over the overcoming of the restrictions imposed by cost, some medical requirements and technological issues, for nanogels' commercial scale production and their integration as a new platform in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alina Diaconu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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22
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Ye C, Chi H. A review of recent progress in drug and protein encapsulation: Approaches, applications and challenges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 83:233-246. [PMID: 29208283 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs and proteins formulated for treatment of various diseases are not fully utilised due to environmentally problems such as degradation by enzymes or it being hydrophobic. To counter this problem, the drug and protein of interest are encapsulated by synthetic polymers where they are protected from the environment. This allows the molecule to reach its target safely and maximise its function. In this paper, we will discuss about the different techniques of encapsulation that includes emulsion evaporation, self-emulsifying drug delivery system and supercritical fluid. This will be followed by the drugs and proteins that are commonly encapsulated to counter life-threatening diseases such as cancer and diabetes. A novel method using foam was proposed and will be briefly discussed as it can play a huge role in future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China
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23
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Sultana T, Amirian J, Park C, Lee SJ, Lee BT. Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether and polycaprolactone–chitosan electrospun mats potential for vascular tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:648-662. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217733849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, natural polymers are frequently comingled with synthetic polymers either by physical or chemical modification to prepare numerous tissue-engineered graft with promising biological function, strength, and stability. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency for vascular tissue engineering of two distinctly different mats, one that comprised polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether and other that comprised polycaprolactone–chitosan. Nano/microfibrous mats prepared from electro-spinning were characterized for fiber diameter, porosity, wettability, and mechanical strength. Biological efficacy on both biodegradable mats was assessed by rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether showed feasibility for use as an inner layer by inducing endothelial-specific gene expression and polycaprolactone–chitosan as an outer layer on dual layered without sacrificing tensile strength, small-diameter blood vessels. Therefore, scaffolds fabricated from this research could be potential sources for tissue-engineered vascular graft and could also overcome the well-known drawbacks, such as thrombogenicity and stenosis, in managing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Sultana
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyoung-Dong, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhaleh Amirian
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyoung-Dong, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyoung-Dong, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 31, 6-gil, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyoung-Dong, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyoung-Dong, Cheonan City, ChungCheonNam-Do, Republic of Korea
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Badia J, Gil-Castell O, Ribes-Greus A. Long-term properties and end-of-life of polymers from renewable resources. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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PD-PK evaluation of freeze-dried atorvastatin calcium-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 504:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Satoh Y, Miyachi K, Matsuno H, Isono T, Tajima K, Kakuchi T, Satoh T. Synthesis of Well-Defined Amphiphilic Star-Block and Miktoarm Star Copolyethers via t-Bu-P4-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glycidyl Ethers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kana Miyachi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Matsuno
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and ‡Division of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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27
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Qian W, Song X, Feng C, Xu P, Jiang X, Li Y, Huang X. Construction of PEG-based amphiphilic brush polymers bearing hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) side chains via successive RAFT polymerization and ROP. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of PEG-b-(PAA-g-PLA) amphiphilic brush polymers by the combination of RAFT polymerization and organocatalytic ROP, which could self-assemble into spheres for sustained release of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qian
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peicheng Xu
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
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Terminal modification of polymeric micelles with π-conjugated moieties for efficient anticancer drug delivery. Biomaterials 2015; 71:1-10. [PMID: 26310358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High drug loading content is the critical factor to polymeric micelles for efficient chemotherapy. Small molecules of cinnamic acid, 7-carboxymethoxy coumarin and chrysin with different π-conjugated moieties were immobilized on the terminal hydroxyl groups of PCL segments in mPEG-PCL micelles to improve drug loading content via the evocation of π-π stacking interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and polymeric micelles. The modification of π-conjugated moieties enhanced the capability of crystallization of mPEG-PCL block copolymers. The drug loading content increased dramatically from 12.9% to 25.5% after modification. All the three modified mPEG-PCL micelles were nontoxic to cells. Chrysin modified polymeric micelles exhibited the most efficient anticancer activity. The in vivo anticancer activity of 10 mg/kg DOX dose of chrysin modified micelle formulation for twice injections was comparable to that of 5 mg/kg dose of free DOX·HCl for four injections under the circumstance of same total DOX amount. The systemic toxicity of DOX loaded chrysin modified micelles was significantly reduced. This research provided a facile strategy to achieve polymeric micelles with high drug loading content and efficient anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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29
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Sirivisoot S, Harrison BS. Magnetically stimulated ciprofloxacin release from polymeric microspheres entrapping iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4447-58. [PMID: 26185446 PMCID: PMC4501354 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend the external control capability of drug release, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated into polymeric microspheres were used as magnetic media to stimulate drug release using an alternating magnetic field. Chemically synthesized iron oxide NPs, maghemite or hematite, and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin were encapsulated together within polycaprolactone microspheres. The polycaprolactone microspheres entrapping ciprofloxacin and magnetic NPs could be triggered for immediate drug release by magnetic stimulation at a maximum value of 40%. Moreover, the microspheres were cytocompatible with fibroblasts in vitro with a cell viability percentage of more than 100% relative to a nontreated control after 24 hours of culture. Macrophage cell cultures showed no signs of increased inflammatory responses after in vitro incubation for 56 hours. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus with the magnetic microspheres under an alternating (isolating) magnetic field increased bacterial inhibition further after 2 days and 5 days in a broth inhibition assay. The findings of the present study indicate that iron oxide NPs, maghemite and hematite, can be used as media for stimulation by an external magnetic energy to activate immediate drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinrath Sirivisoot
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Anari E, Akbarzadeh A, Zarghami N. Chrysin-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles designed for enhanced effect on the breast cancer cell line. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1410-6. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1029633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Anari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Tian R, Wang H, Niu R, Ding D. Drug delivery with nanospherical supramolecular cell penetrating peptide-taxol conjugates containing a high drug loading. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 453:15-20. [PMID: 25956129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Supramolecular nanostructures via small molecule self-assembly hold great promise for controlled delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs. Particularly, taxol has recently been discovered to possess excellent self-assembly property, which may provide new opportunities to develop a new class of functional supramolecular nanomaterials for drug delivery application. EXPERIMENTS A cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-taxol conjugate (Taxol-CPP) was designed and synthesized. The self-assembling property of Taxol-CPP was investigated and the resultant nanomaterials were well characterized. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of the Taxol-CPP after self-assembly against HepG2 cancer cells was evaluated. FINDINGS It is found that the Taxol-CPP possesses a high drug loading of 26.4% in each molecule, which is able to self-assemble into supramolecular nanospheres. By taking advantages of the self-assembly ability of taxol, Taxol-CPP supramolecular nanospheres with a mean size of around 130 nm can be obtained, composed of only the functional peptide (CPP) and the drug (taxol). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the Taxol-CPP nanospheres do not compromise the taxol's potency, which can also be utilized as the carriers for co-delivery of another anticancer drug (doxorubicin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Tianjin 300060, PR China.
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Chen J, Jiang H, Wu Y, Li Y, Gao Y. A novel glycyrrhetinic acid-modified oxaliplatin liposome for liver-targeting and in vitro/vivo evaluation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2265-75. [PMID: 25945038 PMCID: PMC4408971 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, oxaliplatin (OX) liposomes surface-modified with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were developed by the film-dispersion method. Their morphology, physical and chemical properties, and in vitro release performance were investigated. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image showed that most liposomes were spherical particles with similar size and uniform dispersion. Both OX-liposomes and GA-OX-liposomes had an average size of 90 nm. They were negatively charged, with zeta potentials of −20.6 and −21.3 mV, respectively, and the entrapment efficiency values of both were higher than 94%. In vitro data showed that the application of liposomes could prolong the OX release. The relatively high correlation coefficient values obtained from analyzing the amount of drug released versus the square root of time depicted that release followed the Weibull model. No significant changes were observed after the addition of GA to the liposomes. In vivo, the relatively long time to reach the maximum plasma concentration of OX-liposomes suggested a sustained-release profile of liposomes, which was consistent with the results of the in vitro release study. The increased area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration of OX-liposomes and GA-OX-liposomes demonstrated an increased absorption. The drug concentration in tissues indicated that the GA-modified liposomes delivered OX mainly to liver after intravenous administration. In addition, no severe signs, such as appearance of epithelial necrosis or sloughing of epithelial cells, were detected in histology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingde Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Kim TH, Kim HW, Kim SY. Pheophorbide a-Conjugated pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle Vectors for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.1002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wan L, Wang X, Zhu W, Zhang C, Song A, Sun C, Jiang T, Wang S. Folate-polyethyleneimine functionalized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:207-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang FH, Zhang Q, Liang QY, Wang SQ, Zhao BX, Wang YT, Cai Y, Li GF. Bioavailability enhancement of paclitaxel via a novel oral drug delivery system: paclitaxel-loaded glycyrrhizic acid micelles. Molecules 2015; 20:4337-56. [PMID: 25756651 PMCID: PMC6272134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX, taxol), a classical antitumor drug against a wide range of tumors, shows poor oral bioavailability. In order to improve the oral bioavailability of PTX, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) was used as the carrier in this study. This was the first report on the preparation, characterization and the pharmacokinetic study in rats of PTX-loaded GA micelles The PTX-loaded micelles, prepared with ultrasonic dispersion method, displayed small particle sizes and spherical shapes. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms indicated that PTX was entrapped in the GA micelles and existed as an amorphous state. The encapsulation efficiency was about 90%, and the drug loading rate could reach up to 7.90%. PTX-loaded GA micelles displayed a delayed drug release compared to Taxol in the in vitro release experiment. In pharmacokinetic study via oral administration, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0→24 h) of PTX-loaded GA micelles was about six times higher than that of Taxol (p < 0.05). The significant oral absorption enhancement of PTX from PTX-loaded GA micelles could be largely due to the increased absorption in jejunum and colon intestine. All these results suggested that GA would be a promising carrier for the oral delivery of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Heng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qian-Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bo-Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ya-Tian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Guo-Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Manikandan R, Manikandan B, Raman T, Arunagirinathan K, Prabhu NM, Jothi Basu M, Perumal M, Palanisamy S, Munusamy A. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanolic petals extract of Rosa indica and characterization of its antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:120-129. [PMID: 25481491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using ethanolic extract of rose (Rosa indica) petals and testing their potential antibacterial activity using selective human pathogenic microbes, anticancer activity using human colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell line HCT 15 as well as anti-inflammatory activity using rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The biologically synthesized AgNPs were also characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterized AgNPs showed an effective antibacterial activity against Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) than Gram positive (Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria. MTT assay, analysis of nuclear morphology, mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax and protein expression of caspase 3 as well as 9, indicated potential anticancer activity. In addition, green synthesized AgNPs also attenuated cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology and free radical generation (O2(-) and NO) by rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results of our study show the potential green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in mitigating their toxicity while retaining their antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | | | | | | | - Muthulakshmi Perumal
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Arumugam Munusamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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37
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Kim SY, Hwang JY, Seo JW, Shin US. Production of CNT-taxol-embedded PCL microspheres using an ammonium-based room temperature ionic liquid: As a sustained drug delivery system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 442:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Estanqueiro M, Amaral MH, Conceição J, Sousa Lobo JM. Nanotechnological carriers for cancer chemotherapy: The state of the art. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:631-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S. Polymeric-based particulate systems for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:367-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.999785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,
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40
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Barghi L, Asgari D, Barar J, Nakhlband A, Valizadeh H. Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumoral Evaluation of Erlotinib-PCEC Nanoparticles. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10281-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Zhu Q, Song W, Xia D, Fan W, Yu M, Guo S, Zhu C, Gan Y. A poly-l-glutamic acid functionalized nanocomplex for improved oral drug absorption. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8508-8517. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A PGA-based complex enhanced intestinal absorption due to the improved active epithelial endocytosis through specific interactions with epithelium-bound γ-GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wenyi Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Dengning Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Miaorong Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shiyan Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chunliu Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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42
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Zhao R, Wang H, Ji T, Anderson G, Nie G, Zhao Y. Biodegradable cationic ε-poly-L-lysine-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles as a new effective antibacterial agent. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Gulzar A, Gai S, Yang P, Li C, Ansari MB, Lin J. Stimuli responsive drug delivery application of polymer and silica in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8599-8622. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, using polymer and mesoporous silica materials as efficient drug delivery carriers has attracted great attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Gulzar
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Chunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Mohd Bismillah Ansari
- SABIC Technology & Innovation Centre
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC)
- Riyadh 11551
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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Synthesis and optimization of a novel polymeric micelle based on hyaluronic acid and phospholipids for delivery of paclitaxel, in vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:163-73. [PMID: 25148729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymeric micelles were synthesized based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and phospholipids (PEs) including 1,2-dimiristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and 1,2-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE). The newly developed micelles evaluated for the physicochemical properties including structural analysis by means of FTIR. Micelles were optimized for delivery of paclitaxel (PTX). The D-optimal design was applied in order to reach micelles with high entrapment efficiency (EE %) and minimum size, simultaneously. In this design the independent variables were the co-polymer type, the drug to polymer ratio and the formulation temperature, whereas the dependent variables were EE% and micelle size. The EE% of the optimized micelles was 46.8% and 59.9% for HA-DMPE and HA-DSPE micelles, respectively. The size of the optimized micelles was in the range of around 250 nm. In vitro release study of the optimized micelles showed that PTX was released from HA-DMPE and HA-DSPE micelles as long as 23 h and 34 h, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed a conversion of the crystalline PTX molecules into the amorphous form in the micelles. In vivo real time image analysis showed that micellar system was mostly accumulated in the liver, spleen and heart. Accelerated stability studies represented that PTX loaded micelle formulations were stable both physically and chemically at least in 6 months' time.
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45
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Development and evaluation of paclitaxel loaded PLGA:poloxamer blend nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:393-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Soliman GM, Redon R, Sharma A, Mejía D, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymer Based Multifunctional Traceable Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Poorly Water Soluble Pharmacological Agents. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1312-24. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghareb M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler Montreal Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; 71526 Assiut Egypt
| | - Rocio Redon
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cd. Universitaria A.P. 70-186, C.P. 04510 Coyoacan México D. F., México
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Diana Mejía
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler Montreal Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler Montreal Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
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Ji G, Yang J, Chen J. Preparation of novel curcumin-loaded multifunctional nanodroplets for combining ultrasonic development and targeted chemotherapy. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:314-20. [PMID: 24657138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new class of multifunctional nanodroplets that combine the properties of polymeric drug carriers, ultrasound imaging contrast agents, and enhancers of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery has been developed. We studied the formation mechanism of nanodroplets of a drug and its application in chemotherapy. Curcumin was loaded in polymeric micelles as a anti-cancer drug using polyethylene glycol block-poly(caprolactone) with encapsulation efficiency of 95.60%. At room temperature, the developed systems comprised perfluorocarbon nanodroplets stabilized by walls comprising biodegradable block copolymers. Upon heating to 37°C, the nanodroplets were converted to nano/microbubbles. Under ultrasound, nanobubbles cavitated and collapsed, resulting in release of the encapsulated drug. The percentage release of curcumin-loaded nanodroplets by insonation was 90.95%, showing enhancement compared with the non-ultrasound group. Nanodroplets strongly retained the loaded drugs in vivo yet, under ultrasound-mediated vaporization, they released the drugs, thereby implementing effective targeting into the tumor. The tumor inhibition of the group in which curcumin-loaded nanodroplets were combined with ultrasound was 71.30%, more than that of the group of curcumin-loaded nanodroplets (53.00%). Nanodroplets showed high enhancement of anti-cancer effects under ultrasound. Upon intravenous injection, a long-lasting, strong and selective ultrasound contrast was observed, suggesting their coalescence into larger, highly echogenic microbubbles. These multifunctional nanodroplets, which manifest excellent therapeutic and ultrasound properties, could be promising anti-cancer drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjian Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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Wang H, Xu Y, Zhou X. Docetaxel-loaded chitosan microspheres as a lung targeted drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3519-32. [PMID: 24577314 PMCID: PMC3975351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare docetaxel-loaded chitosan microspheres and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil emulsification method, and characterized in terms of the morphological examination, particle size distribution, encapsulation ratio, drug-loading coefficient and in vitro release. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were used to evaluate that microspheres have more advantage than the conventional formulations. The emulsion crosslinking method was simple to prepare microspheres and easy to scale up. The formed microspheres were spherical in shape, with a smooth surface and the size was uniform (9.6 ± 0.8 μm); the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of prepared microspheres were 88.1% ± 3.5% and 18.7% ± 1.2%, respectively. In vitro release indicated that the DTX microspheres had a well-sustained release efficacy and in vivo studies showed that the microspheres were found to release the drug to a maximum extent in the target tissue (lung). The prepared microspheres were found to possess suitable physico-chemical properties and the particle size range. The sustained release of DTX from microspheres revealed its applicability as drug delivery system to minimize the exposure of healthy tissues while increasing the accumulation of therapeutic drug in target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zheng Min Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Hui Nan Town, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zheng Min Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zaitsev KV, Piskun YA, Oprunenko YF, Karlov SS, Zaitseva GS, Vasilenko IV, Churakov AV, Kostjuk SV. Controlled ring‐opening homo‐ and copolymerization of ɛ‐caprolactone and
d,l
‐lactide by iminophenolate aluminum complexes: An efficient approach toward well‐defined macromonomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of ChemistryMoscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory 1Moscow119991 Russia
| | - Yulia A. Piskun
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State UniversityLeningradskaya St., 14Minsk220030 Belarus
| | - Yuri F. Oprunenko
- Department of ChemistryMoscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory 1Moscow119991 Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department of ChemistryMoscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory 1Moscow119991 Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department of ChemistryMoscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory 1Moscow119991 Russia
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State UniversityLeningradskaya St., 14Minsk220030 Belarus
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Russian Academy Science, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry InstituteLeninskii pr., 31Moscow119991 Russia
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State UniversityLeningradskaya St., 14Minsk220030 Belarus
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50
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Nahar K, Absar S, Patel B, Ahsan F. Starch-coated magnetic liposomes as an inhalable carrier for accumulation of fasudil in the pulmonary vasculature. Int J Pharm 2014; 464:185-95. [PMID: 24463004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the feasibility of magnetic liposomes as a carrier for pulmonary preferential accumulation of fasudil, an investigational drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). To develop an optimal inhalable formulation, various magnetic liposomes were prepared and characterized for physicochemical properties, storage stability and in vitro release profiles. Select formulations were evaluated for uptake by pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) - target cells - using fluorescence microscopy and HPLC. The efficacy of the magnetic liposomes in reducing hyperplasia was tested in 5-HT-induced proliferated PASMCs. The drug absorption profiles upon intratracheal administration were monitored in healthy rats. Optimized spherical liposomes - with mean size of 170 nm, zeta potential of -35mV and entrapment efficiency of 85% - exhibited an 80% cumulative drug release over 120 h. Fluorescence microscopic study revealed an enhanced uptake of liposomes by PASMCs under an applied magnetic field: the uptake was 3-fold greater compared with that observed in the absence of magnetic field. PASMC proliferation was reduced by 40% under the influence of the magnetic field. Optimized liposomes appeared to be safe when incubated with PASMCs and bronchial epithelial cells. Compared with plain fasudil, intratracheal magnetic liposomes containing fasudil extended the half-life and area under the curve by 27- and 14-fold, respectively. Magnetic-liposomes could be a viable delivery system for site-specific treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Shahriar Absar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Brijeshkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States.
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