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Tiba AA, Tiba A, Horvath F, Huh EY, Ford AA, Arens DK, Sarwar TA, Hwang YY. Effects of a Two-Step Silver Diamine Fluoride Varnish on Shear Bond Strength of Restorations, Dentin and Enamel Hardness, and Biofilm Formation. Mil Med 2024; 189:592-597. [PMID: 35849001 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries are a limiting factor in maintaining dental and medical readiness in the military. Untreated dental caries can lead to dire health consequences. Consistent and comprehensive access to dental care is often limited due to the intensive operational demands on our nation's warfighters. The standard of care for dental caries is a surgical model where diseased tooth tissue is surgically removed and restored with appropriate restorative materials. While effective, it is not practical in the military operational environment, especially under time constraints. Dental restoratives offer military personnel a simple and preventive treatment of dental caries and are suitable as self-applied first aids. The purpose of this study was to measure the shear bond strengths of two dental restorative materials to human teeth paired with two different fluoride treatments and the hardness and biofilm formation on teeth after applying the fluoride varnishes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were made of human molar teeth treated with each of the following four materials: glass ionomer cement GC Fuji II LC Capsules, Filtek Z250, Riva Star steps 1 and 2, or Mark3 NaF varnish. Step 1 of Riva Star consists of silver diamine fluoride and step 2 contains potassium iodide. On human molar slabs, 10 circular specimens of 5 cm in diameter were prepared with restoratives according to manufacturer procedures. Etch-Rite and a proprietary aluminum chloride-based cavity conditioner were used as etchants on tooth surfaces for the Filtek Z250 and glass ionomer cement, respectively. After at least 24 hours underwater, each assembly was removed, and the shear bond strength of the adhesive was measured according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 29022.The hardness was measured according to ISO 14233. Hardness measurements were performed before varnish application, then after storage in an incubator at 37 °C for 4 hours in a demineralization solution (pH = 4.5), and after 1 day in a mineralization solution (pH = 7). A crystal violet staining assay was used to measure biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria on human molar teeth after the application of fluoride varnish. RESULTS We report a 16% increase in shear bond strength of the Filtek Z250/Riva Star coupled treatment compared to the Filtek Z250/Mark3 NaF coupled treatment. We also demonstrate a significant 84% decrease in bond strength with a GC Fuji II LC/Mark3 NaF treatment compared to control (P = .0002), while Riva Star remains statistically unchanged. Enamel and dentinal hardness are significantly improved when Riva Star is applied compared to NaF varnish. A 25%-35% (P < .0001) decrease in oral biofilm formation was observed on samples where a Riva Star or NaF varnish was applied. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical and antimicrobial testing indicated Riva Star, compared favorably with and in some cases, performed better in the laboratory than a Mark3 NaF varnish. Hardness measurements indicated Riva Star is more effective in dentin tubule occlusion compared to NaF varnish. Our findings help provide practical suggestions to dental treatment, particularly to the unique dental environments seen in the military. Riva Star may be used as an adjunctive treatment prior to placing a final restoration. This study supports the use of Riva Star in conjunction with GC Fuji II LC or Filtek Z250 restorative materials, making it a promising treatment in military dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al A Tiba
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Amer Tiba
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Francis Horvath
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Eun Y Huh
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - April A Ford
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Daniel K Arens
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Thamar A Sarwar
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Yoon Y Hwang
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, Craniofacial Health and Restorative Medicine Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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Çınar B, Eren D, Akın Ş. Effect of Low pH Dietary Supplements on Discoloration of Resin Composites. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1784-1791. [PMID: 38158343 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_345_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the consumption of low pH dietary supplements on the color stability of different resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different restorative materials were used for this in vitro study: Filtek One Bulk-Fill (FOB), Filtek Z550 (Z550), and Fill-Up (FUP). Samples fabricated from each composite group were divided into four subgroups, and color measurements were performed at baseline. The control subgroup was stored in distilled water, and the other three subgroups were immersed in acidic dietary supplement solutions (Redoxon, Supradyn, and Voonka Collagen Shake) for 2 minutes daily for 28 days. Color measurements were obtained using a digital spectrophotometer. Color change values (ΔE1) were calculated after each color measurement. Next, all samples were immersed in a coffee solution for 7 days and repeat color measurements were taken to determine ΔE2 values. The study groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α =0.05). RESULTS ΔE1 values were significantly different among the groups (P < 0.05). While Voonka Collagen Shake produced the greatest discoloration in FOB (1.67 ± 1.08) and Filtek Z550 (3.59 ± 1.90) materials, Fill-Up showed the highest discoloration (3.14 ± 0.37) with Supradyn. Analysis of ΔE2 values demonstrated a significant difference only for the Filtek Z550-Redoxon group versus the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Acidic dietary supplements not only produce color alterations in resin composites but also reduce the staining resistance of the composite further, depending on the type of composite and dietary supplement. Consumption of staining food after taking Redoxon effervescent tablets produces greater discoloration in Filtek Z550 restorations compared with other restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Çınar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas, Turkey
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Feng J, Pan Y, Yang M, Fernandez C, Chen X, Peng Q. A Lactoglobulin-Composite Self-Healing Coating for Mg Alloys. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6843-6852. [PMID: 35006984 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion issue is one of the most crucial bottlenecks for extensive employment of Mg alloys, in particular under harsh engineering conditions. Differing from traditional approaches, a self-healing protective coating composed of lactoglobulin is proposed herein to offer sustainable protection to the underlying Mg parts. Corrosion resistance, evaluated by electrochemical measurements and hydrogen evolution tests, indicates that the lactoglobulin composite film exhibits nobler corrosion potential (-1.28 VSCE), smaller corrosion current density (8.4 × 10-6 A/cm2), and lower average corrosion rate (∼0.03 mm/y) than those of its bare counterparts. Moreover, the pre-made cracks in the film were evidently self-healed within 24 h of exposure to corrosive media. The proposed self-healing lactoglobulin composite film provides opportunities to tackle the corrosion challenges of Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yukun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB107GJ, U.K
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Carlton 3053, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Ong SH, Yoo SH. Surface roughness and chemical composition changes of resin-modified glass ionomer immersed in 0.2% sodium fluoride solution. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:389-396. [PMID: 33384825 PMCID: PMC7770322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Glass ionomers undergo degradation when exposed to fluoride, which changes the physico-chemical characteristics of the materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface changes of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) when immersed in a sodium fluoride (NaF) solution according to pH and time. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 RMGI specimens were prepared, and 30 specimens were placed in four types of storage solutions for four weeks; pH 7 artificial saliva with or without 0.2% NaF (As7 and NaF7), pH 5 artificial saliva with or without 0.2% NaF (As5 and NaF5). Interferometry and microscopy were performed to evaluate the surface roughness and topography, while spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical composition changes. RESULTS Rougher topography and increased roughness was exhibited in NaF groups, owing to the disintegration of the polysalt matrix. Reduced Sr and F was exhibited in all groups, whereas NaF group showed a decrease in Al and inorganic components. CONCLUSION This study suggest that excessive use of fluoride therapy could lead to severe degradation of RMGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Ong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yoo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Gurdogan Guler EB, Bayrak GD, Unsal M, Selvi Kuvvetli S. Effect of pediatric multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets on the surface microhardness and roughness of restorative materials: An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:311-317. [PMID: 33384814 PMCID: PMC7770251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets are commonly used for dietary support in children; however, these preparations may have detrimental effects on the surface of restorative materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two multivitamin syrups and two effervescent tablets taken daily on the surface microhardness and roughness of two different restorative materials. Materials and methods The study groups were comprised of a conventional glass ionomer cement, Ketac Molar, and a giomer, Beautifil II. A total of 140 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to 5 subgroups. The samples were immersed in 4 multivitamins (Supradyne syrup, Supradyne effervescent, Sambucol syrup, Sambucol effervescent) and deionized water (control group) for 2 min once a day for 28 days. Surface microhardness and roughness measurements were recorded at baseline and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days. Surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness was determined using a profilometer. Results For all subgroups; the surface microhardness values of the Ketac Molar and Beautifil II demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from the baseline to the 28th day measurements (p < 0.05), while the surface roughness displayed increased values that were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Ketac Molar surface roughness values were significantly higher than Beautifil II in all subgroups for all measurement days (p = 0.0001). Conclusion The prolonged use of multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets may have negative effects on the physical properties of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Unsal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Selvi Kuvvetli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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LOPES CMCDF, GALVAN J, CHIBINSKI ACR, WAMBIER DS. Fluoride release and surface roughness of a new glass ionomer cement: glass carbomer. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.06717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study analyzed the fluoride release/recharge and surface roughness of glass carbomer compared to other encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and method The GICs tested were Glass Fill® (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure® (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure® (RL-SDI), Equia Fil® (EF-GC Europe). The composite resin Luna® (LU-SDI) was used as control. Five samples of each material were prepared and kept in a humidifier for 24 hours (37 °C, 100% relative humidity). Fluoride release was measured in two times: before (T1: days 1, 2, 7, 14) and after topical application of fluoride (T2: days 15, 16, 21 and 28). The surface roughness was also measured in both times (T1: days 1 and 14; T2: days 15 and 28). All samples were submitted to a single topical application of acidulated fluoride phosphate (Fluor Care - FGM). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Result Equia Fil presented the highest fluoride release in both evaluation periods, with a higher release in T1 (p <0.05). The other materials tested, including glass carbomer presented similar release in both periods (T1 and T2). Regarding surface roughness, no significant differences were observed in the interaction between the material × time factors (T1 and T2) (p=0.966). Conclusion The GICs tested presented fluoride release and recharge ability and showed no surface roughness increase by topical application of fluoride.
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Borges AB, Pucci CR, Torres CRG, Silva TMD, Sales ALLS. Influence of Chemical Degradation and Toothbrushing on Surface of Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical degradation media associated with brushing on surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) analyses of different composites.
Materials and methods
Eighty specimens were prepared for each composite: GrandioSO (Voco), Amaris (Voco), Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE), Filtek LS (3M ESPE). The specimens were divided into four groups according to the immersion in chemical degradation media for 7 days: artificial saliva (control), heptane, 0.02 M citric acid, 70% ethanol. The surface of specimens was submitted to 10950 brushing cycles (200 gm load) in an automatic toothbrushing machine with abrasive slurry. Surface roughness and microhardness measurements were obtained at baseline, after immersion in chemical degradation media and after brushing. Data were submitted to three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Results
The KHN means for composites were: Grandio (153.5 ± 35.9)a, Filtek Supreme (87.0 ± 24.9)b, Amaris (64.5 ± 24.5)c, LS (69.0 ± 15.3)c; for storage media: artificial saliva (97.3 ± 46.7)a, ethanol (93.3 ± 49.9)a, citric acid (95.8 ± 42.1)a, heptane (87.6 ± 36.7)b; and after treatments: after chemical degradation (104.8 ± 49.7)a, baseline (93.8 ± 42.5)b, after brushing (81.9 ± 36.5)c. The Ra results for composites were: LS (0.15 ± 0.25)a, GrandioSO (0.19 ± 0.24)ab, Filtek Supreme (0.20 ± 0.22)ab, Amaris (0.23 ± 0.37)b; for storage media: artificial saliva (0.18 ± 0.31)a, heptane (0.18 ± 0.25)a, ethanol (0.20 ± 0.26)a, citric acid (0.21 ± 0.28)a, and after treatments: brushing (0.11 ± 0.14)a, after chemical degradation (0.23 ± 0.32)b, baseline (0.24 ± 0.32)b.
Conclusion
Brushing after chemical degradation reduced surface roughness values. In general, chemical degradation did not affect composites roughness, but microhardness was significantly reduced. Heptane produced the biggest reduction in composites microhardness.
Clinical relevance
The food-simulating solutions and brushing simulating alter the composites properties, and these alterations are material-dependent.
How to cite this article
Torres CRG, Da Silva TM, Sales ALLS, Pucci CR, Borges AB. Influence of Chemical Degradation and Toothbrushing on Surface of Composites. World J Dent 2015;6(2):65-70.
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Long-term fluoride exchanges at restoration surfaces and effects on surface mechanical properties. ISRN DENTISTRY 2013; 2013:579039. [PMID: 24024036 PMCID: PMC3760107 DOI: 10.1155/2013/579039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The aim of the study was to determine whether three fluoride containing resin composites could maintain fluoride release, fluoride recharge, and mechanical stability over long-term (18-month) aging. Materials and Methods. Fluoride containing composites Beautifil II, Gradia Direct X, Tetric EvoCeram, and glass ionomer Fuji IX Extra were analyzed. Specimens of each material were fabricated for two test groups: Group 1: bimonthly fluoride release/recharge analysis (n = 5); Group 2: hardness and elastic modulus analysis (n = 6). Nanoindentation was employed at 24 hours and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. After 18 months, each specimen was immersed (recharged) in 5000 ppm NaF gel, and fluoride rerelease, hardness, and elastic modulus were measured. Results. Beautifil II and Gradia Direct X maintained fluoride release and recharge capability throughout 18-month aging (Beautifil II > Gradia Direct X > Tetric EvoCeram). The fluoride rerelease from Beautifil II following a 10-minute NaF recharge (at 18 months) was comparable to the long-term fluoride release from Fuji IX Extra. Elastic modulus and hardness did not change significantly (P > 0.05) with fluoride release, recharge, and water aging over 18 months for all three analyzed composites. Conclusions. The long-term fluoride release, fluoride recharge, and mechanical property stability of Beautifil II and Gradia Direct X render these composites suitable for load bearing restorations in high caries risk patients. Clinical Relevance. The ability for Beautifil II and Gradia Direct X to maintain fluoride release and fluoride recharge capability, despite long-term aging, raises the potential for unrestored tooth surfaces in contact with Beautifil II or Gradia Direct X restorations to demonstrate a reduced rate of caries incidence compared to unrestored surfaces adjacent to conventional nonfluoride containing composites.
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YU H, BUCHALLA W, CHENG H, WIEGAND A, ATTIN T. Topical fluoride application is able to reduce acid susceptibility of restorative materials. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:433-42. [PMID: 22673456 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maturation affects fluoride uptake by glass-ionomer dental cements. Dent Mater 2011; 28:e1-5. [PMID: 22100725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Four commercial glass-ionomer cements have been studied for their ability to take up fluoride from aqueous solution following variable maturation times in the dry at 37°C. METHODS Sets of five specimens of four different materials were cured for times of 10 min, 24 h and 1 month, then transferred to a neutral solution of NaF at approximately 1000 ppm in fluoride. Fluoride concentration was then measured at regular time intervals up to 1 month using a fluoride ion selective electrode. RESULTS Specimens cured for 1 month showed little or no uptake over 24 h, specimens cured for 24 h showed fluctuating uptake over time, and specimens cured for 10 min showed the greatest fluoride uptake. For the latter specimens, simple kinetic models were found to apply in two cases (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order for Chemflex and Ketac Molar Quick respectively). SIGNIFICANCE The ability to take up fluoride has been shown to decline with age of cement which suggests that in clinical use glass-ionomers may become less effective at undergoing fluoride recharge than has been previously assumed.
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Avşar A, Tuloglu N. Effect of different topical fluoride applications on the surface roughness of a colored compomer. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:171-7. [PMID: 20485929 PMCID: PMC5349754 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neutral sodium fluoride (NNaF)
gel and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on the surface roughness of
colored compomer (Twinky Star), conventional compomer (Compoglass F) and
resin-modified glassionomer cement (RMGIC) (Photac-Fil). Material and Methods A total of 45 standardized disc-shaped specimens were prepared for each material.
After 24 h, finishing and polishing of specimens were done with aluminum oxide
disc. Surface treatments with topical fluoride agents or distilled water (control)
were performed four times, and interspersed with 8 pH cycles, simulating high
cariogenic challenges. After the treatment, the surface roughness (Ra) was
determined using a profilometer. In each group, specimens with Ra closest to the
mean were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at ×1,000 and ×3,500
magnifications. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate Ra measurements, and the
differences in Ra values between subgroups for each material and each topical
applications were compared by Tukey’s highly significant difference pairwise
comparisons. Results No statistically significant difference in Ra between the Twinky Star and
Compoglass F was found. However, Photac Fil showed significantly higher Ra than
these materials after all surface treatments. There was a general trend of Ra
increase from controls to NNaF and APF gels for all materials. SEM observations
revealed that the surface micromorphology of Twinky-Star did not differ
significantly from that of Compoglass F. Conclusion Both the compomers and the RMGIC showed significantly higher surface roughness
when subjected to APF gel application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Avşar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Valinoti AC, Neves BG, da Silva EM, Maia LC. Surface degradation of composite resins by acidic medicines and pH-cycling. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:257-65. [PMID: 19089257 PMCID: PMC4327534 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of acidic medicines (Dimetapp® and Claritin®), under pH-cycling conditions, on the surface degradation of four composite resins (microhybrid: TPH, Concept, Opallis and Nanofilled: Supreme). Thirty disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 5.0 mm / thickness = 2.0 mm) of each composite were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): a control and two experimental groups, according to the acidic medicines evaluated. The specimens were finished and polished with aluminum oxide discs, and the surface roughness was measured by using a profilometer. After the specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen and immersion in acidic medicines for 12 days, the surface roughness was measured again. Two specimens for each material and group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pH-cycling. Data were analyzed by the Student's-t test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and paired t-test (α=0.05). Significant increase in roughness was found only for TPH in the control group and TPH and Supreme immersed in Claritin® (p<0.05). SEM analyses showed that the 4 composite resins underwent erosion and surface degradation after being subjected to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, although the roughness was slightly affected, the pH-cycling and acidic medicines caused surface degradation of the composite resins evaluated. Titratable acidity seemed to play a more crucial role on surface degradation of composite resins than pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Valinoti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Skrinjaric K, Vranic DN, Glavina D, Skrinjaric I. Heat-treated glass ionomer cement fissure sealants: retention after 1 year follow-up. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008; 18:368-73. [PMID: 18298543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the retention rate of glass ionomer cement (GIC) fissure sealants heated during setting time. METHODS One hundred and twelve teeth with well-delineated fissure morphology were sealed with composite resin and GIC. Composite resin (Helioseal F, Vivadent) was used in control group A (56 teeth). GIC (Fuji VII, GC) was applied using split-mouth design with conditioning in group B (26 teeth) and without surface conditioning in group C (30 teeth). GIC was heated with external heat source (Elipar Trilight, Espe) for 40 s during the setting time according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fissure sealants were evaluated 1 year after clinical service. RESULTS Retention rate in group A was 80.4% after 1 year of clinical service. Group B showed retention rate of 30.8%, and group C of 26.7%. Two new caries lesions were detected in groups B and C. Significant differences in retention between the composite group and GIC groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that retention rate of GIC sealing treated with heat during setting time was significantly lower than retention of conventional composite resin. The heating procedure during setting of GIC sealants cannot be recommended as routine treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Skrinjaric
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pawluk K, Booth SE, Coleman NJ, Nicholson JW. The interaction of zinc oxide-based dental cements with aqueous solutions of potassium fluoride. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:3035-3039. [PMID: 18389342 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability of zinc oxide-based dental cements (zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate) to take up fluoride from aqueous solution has been studied. Only zinc phosphate cement was found to take up any measurable fluoride after 5 h exposure to the solutions. The zinc oxide filler of the zinc phosphate also failed to take up fluoride from solution. The key interaction for this uptake was thus shown to involve the phosphate groups of the set cement. However, whether this took the form of phosphate/fluoride exchange, or the formation of oxyfluoro-phosphate groups was not clear. Fluoride uptake followed radicaltime kinetics for about 2 h in some cases, but was generally better modelled by the Elovich equation, dq(t)/dt = alpha exp(-betaq(t)). Values for alpha varied from 3.80 to 2.48 x 10(4), and for beta from 7.19 x 10(-3) to 0.1946, though only beta showed any sort of trend, becoming smaller with increasing fluoride concentration. Fluoride was released from the zinc phosphate cements in processes that were diffusion based up to M(t)/M(infinity) of about 0.4. No further release occurred when specimens were placed in fresh volumes of deionised water. Only a fraction of the fluoride taken up was re-released, demonstrating that most of the fluoride taken up becomes irreversibly bound within the cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pawluk
- Department of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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15
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Bagheri R, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ. Surface characteristics of aesthetic restorative materials ? an SEM study. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 34:68-76. [PMID: 17207080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the degree of surface roughness of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) and polyacid-modified resin composite (PAMRC) after polishing and immersion in various foodstuffs. Three tooth-coloured restorative materials were used: a PAMRC (F2000), a conventional glass-ionomer cement (CGIC) (Fuji IX) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RM-GIC) (Fuji II LC). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared and tested with either a plastics matrix finish or after polishing with wet silicon carbide papers up to 2000-grit. All specimens were immersed in 37 degrees C-distilled water for 1 week, followed by three different foodstuffs (red wine, coffee or tea) for a further 2 weeks. Replicas of specimens were prepared by taking polyvinyl siloxane impressions, casting in epoxy resin, gold sputter-coating and examining using a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The polished and matrix finish specimens of F2000 showed many microcracks at low magnification, and eroded surfaces with missing and protruding particles at high magnification in the polished specimens. The surface-polished specimens of Fuji II LC were considerably rougher than the matrix-finish specimens, with large voids and protruding filler particles. The effects of foodstuffs on Fuji II LC and F2000 were not noticeable. The CGIC became noticeably rougher after exposure to coffee and tea. All specimens had the smoothest surface when they were cured against a plastics matrix strip, and all materials had a rougher surface after polishing. None of the foodstuffs produced a perceptible increase in roughness on RM-GIC and PAMRC surfaces, whereas coffee and tea markedly increased the surface roughness of Fuji IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bagheri
- School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Wilde MGK, Delfino CS, Sassi JF, Garcia PPNS, Palma-Dibb RG. Influence of 0.05% sodium fluoride solutions on microhardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2006; 17:869-73. [PMID: 16932870 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-9847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of fluoride-containing mouthrinse solutions (Fluorgard and Oral B) on the superficial microhardness of two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Vitremer and Fuji II LC). Fifteen discs-shaped specimens of each glass ionomer cement (Ø10 mm; 2 mm thick) were prepared, thereby forming two groups. After 24-hour storage in artificial saliva, the microhardness was measure and the data were recorded. Next, each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 5), according to the solution to be immersed in. Control specimens were kept in artificial saliva along the whole experiment. The test specimens were kept in mouthrinse solution for 30 days. Vickers surface microhardness was analyzed at predetermined evaluation periods: 24 h, 48 h, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after specimens' preparation. Data were subjected to three-way ANOVA and to Tukey test (p<0.05). A better behavior of Fuji II LC was observed and Fluorgard affected most the characteristics of the tested materials. It may be concluded that fluoride-containing solutions influenced the tested characteristics of materials, mainly of Vitremer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gabriela Klan Wilde
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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17
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Billington RW, Williams JA, Pearson GJ. Ion processes in glass ionomer cements. J Dent 2006; 34:544-55. [PMID: 16574301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion processes are involved in many aspects of glass-ionomer cements. The ions released from the glass take part in the formation of the cement matrix. Although this process has been investigated, particularly using model cement systems, no study provides a complete matrix composition. Combining results from different studies enables an approximate composition to be derived. The importance of Phosphorous in controlling ion release from the glass surface has been identified in a number of studies. The release of ions from the set cement into water (and other aqueous liquids) has been much reported, particularly for fluoride. Over most of the release periods studied (i.e. from >7 days up to 3 years), release of F ion is related to t1/2 indicating a diffusion-controlled process. Other ions, except possibly Na+ also show this relationship. The amount of cumulative F release whilst maintaining this relationship indicates that more F than is in the matrix is involved. Ion chromatography would probably elucidate the precise form of the ionic species released. Glass-ionomer cements take up ions from solutions in which they are immersed. The levels are much higher than required to produce as internal/external equilibrium. Studies using dynamic SIMS and XPS give some information on ion location and elemental association. It is suggested that ToF SIMS would elucidate these further. Re-release of uptaken ions can vary considerably for different cements and ion species. Surface disruption of glass ionomers is caused by both F ion and monofluorophosphate ion and occurs much more readily in F containing cements than in F free ones. The mechanism of this process has not been elucidated. Analysis of the ions released from the cement as disruption occurs should provide an indication of the site of attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Billington
- Biomaterials in Relation to Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Medical Science Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Itota T, Carrick TE, Yoshiyama M, McCabe JF. Fluoride release and recharge in giomer, compomer and resin composite. Dent Mater 2004; 20:789-95. [PMID: 15451233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the fluoride recharging and releasing abilities of resin-based materials containing fluoridated glass filler to determine whether the extent of the glass-ionomer matrix of the material affects these properties. METHODS Three materials having a different proportion of the hydrogel matrix surrounding the glass filler, namely: Reactmer paste, Dyract AP and Xeno CF, were used for this study. Five disk specimens of each material were placed into distilled/deionized water and the fluoride release measured during 38 days. For fluoride recharge the disks were exposed to 250 ppm F solution for 1 h and the pre- and post-recharge fluoride release were determined using an ion-selective electrode (total fluoride ions) and ion chromatography (free fluoride ions). RESULTS The amounts of total and free fluoride release from each material at the initial period in descending order were Reactmer paste > Dyract AP > Xeno CF (p < 0.05 ANOVA and Scheffe's test). After fluoride recharge, Reactmer paste showed a greater amount of fluoride release than the other materials. Dyract AP and Xeno CF showed a similar total level of fluoride release after recharging. For Xeno CF the amount of total fluoride released after recharging was significantly greater than that of free fluoride, but there was no significant difference between total and free fluoride released after recharging for Dyract AP (p = 0.05 paired t-test). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that the extent of the glass-ionomer matrix of the glass filler played an important role for fluoride-releasing and recharging abilities of the resin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itota
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Dental Materials Science Unit, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, NE2 4BW, UK
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