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Belaid H, Barou C, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Desoutter A, Kajdan M, Bernex F, Tétreau R, Cuisinier F, Barés J, Huon V, Teyssier C, Cornu D, Cavaillès V, Bechelany M. Fabrication of Radio-Opaque and Macroporous Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3075-3085. [PMID: 35584545 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the development of injectable radio-opaque and macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to be used as a bone substitute for the treatment of pathologic vertebral fractures. A CPC was first rendered radio-opaque by the incorporation of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). In order to create macroporosity, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres around 100 μm were homogeneously incorporated into the CPC as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical analyses by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the brushite phase of the cement. The mechanical properties of the CPC/PLGA cement containing 30% PLGA (wt/wt) were characterized by a compressive strength of 2 MPa and a Young's modulus of 1 GPa. The CPC/PLGA exhibited initial and final setting times of 7 and 12 min, respectively. Although the incorporation of PLGA microspheres increased the force necessary to inject the cement and decreased the percentage of injected mass as a function of time, the CPC/PLGA appeared fully injectable at 4 min. Moreover, in comparison with CPC, CPC/PLGA showed a full degradation in 6 weeks (with 100% mass loss), and this was associated with an acidification of the medium containing the CPC/PLGA sample (pH of 3.5 after 6 weeks). A cell viability test validated CPC/PLGA biocompatibility, and in vivo analyses using a bone defect assay in the caudal vertebrae of Wistar rats showed the good opacity of the CPC through the tail and a significant increased degradation of the CPC/PLGA cement a month after implantation. In conclusion, this injectable CPC scaffold appears to be an interesting material for bone substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Belaid
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Barou
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France.,Biologics 4 Life, 84120 Pertuis, France
| | | | - Alban Desoutter
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Nanosciences, EA4203, Université de Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France
| | - Marilyn Kajdan
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France.,BioCampus, RHEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UAR3426, INSERM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Tétreau
- Service d'Imagerie, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Frédéric Cuisinier
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Nanosciences, EA4203, Université de Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Barés
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Vincent Huon
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Catherine Teyssier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Nemcakova I, Jirka I, Doubkova M, Bacakova L. Heat treatment dependent cytotoxicity of silicalite-1 films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy evaluated by bone-derived cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9456. [PMID: 32528137 PMCID: PMC7289882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A silicalite-1 film (SF) deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated in this study as a promising coating for metallic implants. Two forms of SFs were prepared: as-synthesized SFs (SF-RT), and SFs heated up to 500 °C (SF-500) to remove the excess of template species from the SF surface. The SFs were characterized in detail by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle measurements (WCA). Two types of bone-derived cells (hFOB 1.19 non-tumor fetal osteoblast cell line and U-2 OS osteosarcoma cell line) were used for a biocompatibility assessment. The initial adhesion of hFOB 1.19 cells, evaluated by cell numbers and cell spreading area, was better supported by SF-500 than by SF-RT. While no increase in cell membrane damage, in ROS generation and in TNF-alpha secretion of bone-derived cells grown on both SFs was found, gamma H2AX staining revealed an elevated DNA damage response of U-2 OS cells grown on heat-treated samples (SF-500). This study also discusses differences between osteosarcoma cell lines and non-tumor osteoblastic cells, stressing the importance of choosing the right cell type model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nemcakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Jirka
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Doubkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Efficient materially nonlinear [Formula: see text]FE solver for simulations of trabecular bone failure. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:861-874. [PMID: 31749070 PMCID: PMC7203600 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient solver for large-scale linear \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mu \hbox {FE}$$\end{document}μFE simulations was extended for nonlinear material behavior. The material model included damage-based tissue degradation and fracture. The new framework was applied to 20 trabecular biopsies with a mesh resolution of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${36}\,{{\upmu }\hbox {m}}$$\end{document}36μm. Suitable material parameters were identified based on two biopsies by comparison with axial tension and compression experiments. The good parallel performance and low memory footprint of the solver were preserved. Excellent correlation of the maximum apparent stress was found between simulations and experiments (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R^2 > 0.97$$\end{document}R2>0.97). The development of local damage regions was observable due to the nonlinear nature of the simulations. A novel elasticity limit was proposed based on the local damage information. The elasticity limit was found to be lower than the 0.2% yield point. Systematic differences in the yield behavior of biopsies under apparent compression and tension loading were observed. This indicates that damage distributions could lead to more insight into the failure mechanisms of trabecular bone.
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Wang H, Tang X, Li W, Chen J, Li H, Yan J, Yuan X, Wu H, Liu C. Enhanced osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells cultured on hydroxyapatite/collagen I scaffold in the presence of low-frequency magnetic field. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:89. [PMID: 31342178 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a non-invasive biophysical therapy, electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been widely used to promote the healing of fractures. In the present study, hydroxyapatite/collagen I (HAC) loaded with rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in a dynamic perfusion bioreactor and exposed to EMF of 15 Hz/1mT. Osteogenic differentiation of the seeded cells was analyzed through the evaluation of ALP activity and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. The in vivo osteogenesis efficacy of the cell laden HAC constructs treated with/without EMF was evaluated through a rabbit femur condyle defect model. The results showed that EMF of 15 Hz/1mT could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of the cells seeded on HAC scaffold. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that EMF exposure could promote bone regeneration within the defect and bone integration between the graft and host bone. Taking together, the MSCs seeded HAC scaffold combined with EMF exposure could be a promising approach for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixi Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu road, 450003, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiyuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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5
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Rose LF, Wolf EJ, Brindle T, Cernich A, Dean WK, Dearth CL, Grimm M, Kusiak A, Nitkin R, Potter K, Randolph BJ, Wang F, Yamaguchi D. The convergence of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation: federal perspectives. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:19. [PMID: 30323950 PMCID: PMC6180133 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative rehabilitation is the synergistic integration of principles and approaches from the regenerative medicine and rehabilitation fields, with the goal of optimizing form and function as well as patient independence. Regenerative medicine approaches for repairing or replacing damaged tissue or whole organs vary from utilizing cells (e.g., stem cells), to biologics (e.g., growth factors), to approaches using biomaterials and scaffolds, to any combination of these. While regenerative medicine offers tremendous clinical promise, regenerative rehabilitation offers the opportunity to positively influence regenerative medicine by inclusion of principles from rehabilitation sciences. Regenerative medicine by itself may not be sufficient to ensure successful translation into improving the function of those in the most need. Conversely, with a better understanding of regenerative medicine principals, rehabilitation researchers can better tailor rehabilitation efforts to accommodate and maximize the potential of regenerative approaches. Regenerative rehabilitative strategies can include activity-mediated plasticity, exercise dosing, electrical stimulation, and nutritional enhancers. Critical barriers in translating regenerative medicine techniques into humans may be difficult to overcome if preclinical studies do not consider outcomes that typically fall in the rehabilitation research domain, such as function, range of motion, sensation, and pain. The authors believe that encouraging clinicians and researchers from multiple disciplines to work collaboratively and synergistically will maximize restoration of function and quality of life for disabled and/or injured patients, including U.S. Veterans and Military Service Members (MSMs). Federal Government agencies have been investing in research and clinical care efforts focused on regenerative medicine (NIH, NSF, VA, and DoD), rehabilitation sciences (VA, NIH, NSF, DoD) and, more recently, regenerative rehabilitation (NIH and VA). As science advances and technology matures, researchers need to consider the integrative approach of regenerative rehabilitation to maximize the outcome to fully restore the function of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Rose
- 1Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - E J Wolf
- 1Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - T Brindle
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Cernich
- 3National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - W K Dean
- 4Tissue Injury and Regenerative Medicine Project Management Office, U.S. Army Materiel Development Authority, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - C L Dearth
- 5Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center & Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - M Grimm
- 6Disability & Rehabilitation Engineering and Engineering of Biomedical Systems Programs, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA USA
| | - A Kusiak
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC, USA
| | - R Nitkin
- 3National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - K Potter
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC, USA
| | - B J Randolph
- 5Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center & Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - F Wang
- 7National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - D Yamaguchi
- Veteran's Administration, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Doyle H, Lohfeld S, McHugh P. Evaluating the effect of increasing ceramic content on the mechanical properties, material microstructure and degradation of selective laser sintered polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate materials. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Zeng Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li R, Zhang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zou X. Integrin-β1, not integrin-β5, mediates osteoblastic differentiation and ECM formation promoted by mechanical tensile strain. Biol Res 2015; 48:25. [PMID: 25971622 PMCID: PMC4436743 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical strain plays a great role in growth and differentiation of osteoblast. A previous study indicated that integrin-β (β1, β5) mediated osteoblast proliferation promoted by mechanical tensile strain. However, the involvement of integrin-β in osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation induced by mechanical tensile strain, remains unclear. RESULTS After transfection with integrin-β1 siRNA or integrin-β5 siRNA, mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured in cell culture dishes and stimulated with mechanical tensile strain of 2500 microstrain (με) at 0.5 Hz applied once a day for 1 h over 3 or 5 consecutive days. The cyclic tensile strain promoted osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Transfection with integrin-β1 siRNA attenuated the osteoblastic diffenentiation induced by the tensile strain. By contrast, transfection with integrin-β5 siRNA had little effect on the osteoblastic differentiation induced by the strain. At the same time, the result of ECM formation promoted by the strain, was similar to the osteoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION Integrin-β1 mediates osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic ECM formation promoted by cyclic tensile strain, and integrin-β5 is not involved in the osteoblasts response to the tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangcheng Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China. .,Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Yongming Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ruixin Li
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Xinchang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Chemistry Department, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xizheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
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Hu Q, Li Y, Miao G, Zhao N, Chen X. Size control and biological properties of monodispersed mesoporous bioactive glass sub-micron spheres. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monodispersed mesoporous bioactive glass sub-micron spheres with a controllable size and good biocompatibility were fabricated by an improved sol–gel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guohou Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Naru Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- Guangzhou 510006, China
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Starý V, Douděrová M, Bačáková L. Influence of surface roughness of carbon materials on human osteoblast-like cell growth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1868-79. [PMID: 23776096 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a study of the dependence of the biocompatibility of a carbon-based material, namely a 2D C/C composite, on mechanical and chemical surface modifications. The mechanical modifications were surface grinding and polishing, and chemical modifications were made by depositing thin layers of pyrolytic carbon, titanium-carbon and DLC layers. Human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells were cultivated on these materials. The densities of the cells after one-day cultivation and after four-day cultivation, and the average cell spreading area after one-day cultivation, were evaluated in dependence on particular surface roughness parameters. The minima of the cell density on pyrolytic carbon and titanium-carbon layers were found; they were connected with the maxima of the average cell area. For DLC, the cell area decreased as the roughness parameter Ra increased in the range 0.1-10 µm, although the minimum appeared for the density of the cells. Using a multivariate test, the dependences of the biocompatibility parameters on the layer material and on surface grinding were statistically significant. The results suggest that the optimal roughness parameters for MG 63 cell on carbon based surface were Ra ∼ 3.5 µm, RSm ∼0.03-0.08 mm, Rsk ∼0 or negative and Rku ∼ 20, DLC being the best material choice. These values of roughness were obtained by simple mechanical grinding of substrate and coating by DLC layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Starý
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Karlovo nám, 13, 121 35 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Alghamdi HS, Jansen JA. Bone Regeneration Associated with Nontherapeutic and Therapeutic Surface Coatings for Dental Implants in Osteoporosis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:233-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan S. Alghamdi
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li J, Wan Z, Liu H, Li H, Liu L, Li R, Guo Y, Chen W, Zhang X, Zhang X. Osteoblasts subjected to mechanical strain inhibit osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption in a co-culture system. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2056-66. [PMID: 23609024 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is strictly mediated by the coupled activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and resorption, respectively. Although many papers have been published on the mechanical responses of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, little is known about their communication during mechanical loading. In this study, a novel co-culture system was first established using Transwell culture inserts; MC3T3-E1 cells were embedded in the lower compartment of the inserts, and RAW264.7 cells were co-cultured in the upper compartment. The MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to a mechanical strain of 2500 με at 0.5 Hz to investigate the effect of strain-loaded osteoblasts on co-cultured osteoclasts. The results showed that osteoblast-like cells were activated with an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The strain-conditioned medium caused decreased activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and reduced the number of mature multinucleated osteoclasts, which subsequently resulted in the suppressed formation of resorption pits. The expression levels of cathepsin-K and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were also depressed by the strain-conditioned medium. In addition, we found that the expression ratio between osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand in osteoblasts was significantly up-regulated due to the enhanced levels of OPG. In summary, we conclude that the strain-stimulated osteoblasts inhibited the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts and that the mechanism was associated with the increased secretion of OPG in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- Institute of Medical Equipment of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 106 Wandong Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300161, China
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12
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El-wassefy NA, Hammouda IM, Habib ANEDA, El-awady GY, Marzook HA. Assessment of anodized titanium implants bioactivity. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 25:e1-9. [PMID: 23173838 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to create nanostructured surface titanium implants by anodic oxidation process aiming to bring out bioactivity and to assess the resultant bioactivity both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS An economic protocol was used to apply anodic spark discharge and create surface nanoporosities on grade II commercially pure titanium (cpTi). The in vitro investigation included morphology, surface chemical analysis, roughness and crystalline structure of titanium oxide (TiO₂) film prepared. Assessment of the bioactivity was carried out by immersing the specimens in simulate body fluid (SBF) and investigating the surface-deposited layer. The in vivo investigation was conducted by surgically placing the anodized implants into rabbits tibia for different healing periods. Then biomechanical evaluation was performed to verify the effect of treatments on the interface resistance to shear force. Routine histological analysis was performed to evaluate the bone tissue reactions to anodized implants. RESULTS Anodization of titanium implants produced morphological changes, raised the percentage of oxygen in the TiO₂ layer, increased surface area and roughness of implants remarkably, and modified the crystallinity of the film. The in vitro assessments of bioactivity showed that a layer of calcium phosphate was precipitated on the titanium surfaces 7 days after soaking into SBF. The implant-bone interface resistance to shear force was enhanced at 2-week healing period. This was confirmed by histological findings. CONCLUSION Nanostructured surface titanium implants could be prepared by anodic oxidation with resultant accelerated bioactivity that may be recommended for early loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A El-wassefy
- Department of Dental biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Chen B, Li Y, Xie D, Yang X. Low-magnitude high-frequency loading via whole body vibration enhances bone-implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:733-9. [PMID: 22058045 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration is vital to avoid long-time implants loosening after implantation surgery. This study investigated the effect of low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) loading via whole body vibration on bone-implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats, and a comparison was made between LMHF vibration and alendronate on their effects. Thirty rats were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis, and then treated with LMHF vibration (VIB) or alendronate (ALN) or a control treatment (OVX). Another 10 rats underwent sham operation to establish Sham control group. Prior to treatment, hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium implants were inserted into proximal tibiae bilaterally. Both LMHF vibration and alendronate treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Histomorphometrical assess showed that both group VIB, ALN and Sham significantly increased bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone fraction (p < 0.05) when compared with group OVX. Nevertheless the bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone fraction of group VIB were inferior to group ALN and Sham (p < 0.05). Biomechanical tests also revealed similar results in maximum push out force and interfacial shear strength. Accordingly, it is concluded that LMHF loading via whole body vibration enhances bone-to-implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats, but its effectiveness is weaker than alendronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaiLing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Involvement of p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways in osteoblasts differentiation in response to mechanical stretch. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:1884-94. [PMID: 22441665 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to be important in osteoblasts' response to mechanical stimuli. BMPs/Smad signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a regulatory role in the mechanical signal transduction in osteoblasts. However, little is currently known about the Smad independent pathway in osteoblasts differentiation in mechanical loading. In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to mechanical stretch of 2000 micro-stain (με) at 0.5 Hz, in order to investigate the involvement of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in mechanical response in osteoblasts. We found BMP-2/BMP-4 were up-regulated by mechanical stretch via the earlier activation of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which enhanced osteogenic gene expressions including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I) and osteocalcin (OCN), and the expressions of these osteogenic genes were remarkably decreased with Noggin (an inhibitor for BMPs signals) pretreatment. Furthermore, BMP-2/BMP-4 expressions were suppressed by PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK pathway, respectively, leading to the declined levels of ALP, Col I and OCN. Interestingly, blocking in p38MAPK pathway can also cause the inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mechanical stretch. Collectively, the results indicate during mechanical stretch p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways are activated first, and then up-regulate BMP-2/BMP-4 to enhance osteogenic gene expressions. Moreover, p38MAPK and NF-κB signals have cross-talk in regulation of BMP-2/BMP-4 in mechanical response.
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15
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Kauther MD, Xu J, Wedemeyer C. Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide can reverse the catabolic influence of UHMWPE particles on RANKL expression in primary human osteoblasts. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:525-36. [PMID: 20877694 PMCID: PMC2945923 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: A linkage between the neurotransmitter alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP) and particle-induced osteolysis has been shown previously. The suggested osteoprotective influence of alpha-CGRP on the catabolic effects of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles is analyzed in this study in primary human osteoblasts. Methods: Primary human osteoblasts were stimulated by UHMWPE particles (cell/particle ratios 1:100 and 1:500) and different doses of alpha-CGRP (10-7 M, 10-9 M, 10-11 M). Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression and protein levels were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Particle stimulation leads to a significant dose-dependent increase of RANKL mRNA in both cell-particle ratios and a significant down-regulation of OPG mRNA in cell-particle concentrations of 1:500. A significant depression of alkaline phosphatase was found due to particle stimulation. Alpha-CGRP in all tested concentrations showed a significant depressive effect on the expression of RANKL mRNA in primary human osteoblasts under particle stimulation. Comparable reactions of RANKL protein levels due to particles and alpha-CGRP were found by Western blot analysis. In cell-particle ratios of 1:100 after 24 hours the osteoprotective influence of alpha-CGRP reversed the catabolic effects of particles on the RANKL expression. Interpretation: The in-vivo use of alpha-CGRP, which leads to down-regulated RANKL in-vitro, might inhibit the catabolic effect of particles in conditions of particle induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max D Kauther
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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16
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Dynamic cell culturing and its application to micropatterned, elastin-like protein-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) scaffolds. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5417-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Kokkinos PA, Zarkadis IK, Kletsas D, Deligianni DD. Effects of physiological mechanical strains on the release of growth factors and the expression of differentiation marker genes in human osteoblasts growing on Ti-6Al-4V. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:387-95. [PMID: 18523952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading factors at the bone-implant interface are critical for the osseointegration and clinical success of the implant. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of mechanical strain on the orthopedic biomaterial Ti-6Al-4V/osteoblast interface, using an in vitro model. Homogeneous strain was applied to human bone marrow derived osteoblasts (HBMDOs) cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, at physiological levels (strain magnitudes 500 microstrain (microepsilon) and 1000 microepsilon, at frequencies of load application 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz), by a mechanostimulatory system, based on the principle of four-point bending. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of Cbfa1 and osteocalcin at different loading conditions. The release of growth factors as a response to stretch was also investigated by transferring stretch-conditioned media to nonstretched cells and by measuring their effect on the regulation of DNA synthesis. Mechanical loading was found to contribute to the regulation of osteoblast differentiation by influencing the level of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Cbfa1, both at the mRNA and protein level, and also the level of osteocalcin, which is regarded as the most osteoblast-specific gene. Both genes were differentially expressed shortly after the application of different mechanical stimuli, in terms of strain frequency, magnitude, and time interval. Media conditioned from mechanically stressed HBMDOs stimulate DNA synthesis more intensely compared to media conditioned from unstressed control cultures, indicating that mechanical strain induces the release of a mitogenic potential that regulates cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros A Kokkinos
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Rion GR 26500 Patra, Greece
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18
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A uniaxial bioMEMS device for imaging single cell response during quantitative force-displacement measurements. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 10:883. [PMID: 18648937 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A microfabricated device has been developed for imaging of a single, adherent cell while quantifying force under an applied displacement. The device works in a fashion similar to that of a displacement-controlled uniaxial tensile machine. The device was calibrated using a tipless atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever and shows excellent agreement with the calculated spring constant. A step input was applied to a single, adherent fibroblast cell and the viscoelastic response was characterized with a mechanical model. The adherent fibroblast was imaged by use of epifluorescence and phase contrast techniques.
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19
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Villa-Diaz LG, Torisawa YS, Uchida T, Ding J, Nogueira-de-Souza NC, O’Shea KS, Takayama S, Smith GD. Microfluidic culture of single human embryonic stem cell colonies. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1749-55. [PMID: 19495459 PMCID: PMC2820408 DOI: 10.1039/b820380f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a miniaturized microfluidic culture system that allows experimentation on individual human embryonic stem cell (hESC) colonies in dynamic (flow applied) or static (without flow) conditions. The system consists of three inlet channels that converge into a cell-culture channel and provides the capability to spatially and temporally deliver specific treatments by using patterned laminar fluid flow to different parts of a single hESC colony. We show that microfluidic culture for 96 h with or without flow results in similar maintenance of hESC self-renewal, the capability to differentiate into three germ cell lineages, and to maintain a normal karyotype, as in standard culture dishes. Localized delivery of a fluorescent nucleic acid dye was achieved with laminar flow, producing staining only in nuclei of exposed cells. Likewise, cells in desired regions of colonies could be removed with enzymatic treatment and collected for analysis. Re-coating the enzyme treated area of the channel with extracellular matrix led to re-growth of hESC colonies into this region. Our study demonstrates the culture of hESCs in a microfluidic device that can deliver specific treatments to desired regions of a single colony. This miniaturized culture system allows in situ treatment and analysis with the ability to obtain cell samples from part of a colony without micromanipulation and to perform sensitive molecular analysis while permitting further growth of the hESC colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gerardo Villa-Diaz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | - Yu-suke Torisawa
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Uchida
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | | | - Kathy Sue O’Shea
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
- Departments of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
| | - Gary Daniel Smith
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
- Departments of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
- Departments of Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0617, USA
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20
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Kokkinos PA, Zarkadis IK, Panidis TT, Deligianni DD. Estimation of hydrodynamic shear stresses developed on human osteoblasts cultured on Ti-6Al-4V and strained by four point bending. Effects of mechanical loading to specific gene expression. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:655-665. [PMID: 18941870 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of mechanical strain on the orthopedic biomaterial Ti-6Al-4V-osteoblast interface, using an in vitro model. Homogeneous strain was applied to Human Bone Marrow derived Osteoblasts (HBMDOs) cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, at levels which are considered physiological, by a four-point bending mechanostimulatory system. A simple model for the estimation of maximum hydrodynamic shear stresses developed on cell culture layer and induced by nutrient medium flow during mechanical loading, as a function of the geometry of the culture plate and the load characteristics, is proposed. Shear stresses were lower than those which can elicit cell response. Mechanical loading was found that contributes to the regulation of osteoblast differentiation by influencing the expression of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Cbfa1, both at the mRNA and protein level, and also the osteocalcin expression, whereas osteopontin gene expression was unaffected by mechanical loading at all experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros A Kokkinos
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Rion, 26500, Patra, Greece
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21
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Stops AJF, McMahon LA, O’Mahoney D, Prendergast PJ, McHugh PE. A Finite Element Prediction of Strain on Cells in a Highly Porous Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Scaffold. J Biomech Eng 2008; 130:061001. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2979873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering often involves seeding cells into porous scaffolds and subjecting the scaffold to mechanical stimulation. Current experimental techniques have provided a plethora of data regarding cell responses within scaffolds, but the quantitative understanding of the load transfer process within a cell-seeded scaffold is still relatively unknown. The objective of this work was to develop a finite element representation of the transient and heterogeneous nature of a cell-seeded collagen-GAG-scaffold. By undertaking experimental investigation, characteristics such as scaffold architecture and shrinkage, cellular attachment patterns, and cellular dimensions were used to create a finite element model of a cell-seeded porous scaffold. The results demonstrate that a very wide range of microscopic strains act at the cellular level when a sample value of macroscopic (apparent) strain is applied to the collagen-GAG-scaffold. An external uniaxial strain of 10% generated a cellular strain as high as 49%, although the majority experienced less than ∼5% strain. The finding that the strain on some cells could be higher than the macroscopic strain was unexpected and proves contrary to previous in vitro investigations. These findings indicate a complex system of biophysical stimuli created within the scaffolds and the difficulty of inducing the desired cellular responses from artificial environments. Future in vitro studies could also corroborate the results from this computational prediction to further explore mechanoregulatory mechanisms in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. F. Stops
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - L. A. McMahon
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. O’Mahoney
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - P. J. Prendergast
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P. E. McHugh
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Scott A, Khan KM, Duronio V, Hart DA. Mechanotransduction in human bone: in vitro cellular physiology that underpins bone changes with exercise. Sports Med 2008; 38:139-60. [PMID: 18201116 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone has a remarkable ability to adjust its mass and architecture in response to a wide range of loads, from low-level gravitational forces to high-level impacts. A variety of types and magnitudes of mechanical stimuli have been shown to influence human bone cell metabolism in vitro, including fluid shear, tensile and compressive strain, altered gravity and vibration. Therefore, the current article aims to synthesize in vitro data regarding the cellular mechanisms underlying the response of human bone cells to mechanical loading. Current data demonstrate commonalities in response to different types of mechanical stimuli on the one hand, along with differential activation of intracellular signalling on the other. A major unanswered question is, how do bone cells sense and distinguish between different types of load? The studies included in the present article suggest that the type and magnitude of loading may be discriminated by overlapping mechanosensory mechanisms including (i) ion channels; (ii) integrins; (iii) G-proteins; and (iv) the cytoskeleton. The downstream signalling pathways identified to date appear to overlap with known growth factor and hormone signals, providing a mechanism of interaction between systemic influences and the local mechanical environment. Finally, the data suggest that exercise should emphasize the amount of load rather than the number of repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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23
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Clark PA, Clark AM, Rodriguez A, Hussain MA, Mao JJ. Nanoscale characterization of bone–implant interface and biomechanical modulation of bone ingrowth. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Lewandowska-Szumieł M, Sikorski K, Szummer A, Lewandowski Z, Marczyński W. Osteoblast response to the elastic strain of metallic support. J Biomech 2007; 40:554-60. [PMID: 16616173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that metallic elements of joint endoprostheses undergo elastic strain due to their mechanical function. This is one of the factors which may be responsible for the loosening of endoprostheses. Since mechanisms involved in it remain unclear, it seems valuable to verify if cells responsible for bone regeneration are affected by a strain of the implant. Our experiment examines the influence of elastic strain applied to Ti6Al4V samples on osteoblasts cultured on their surface in vitro. Human bone-derived cells are observed in contact with metallic plates. Titanium alloy was chosen as a support since it is one of the most commonly used materials for stems in joint endoprostheses. Cyclic elastic deformation of 0.1% was applied to the support once daily for 7 days. Two thousand cycles were applied each time. Samples which were not subject to strain served as control. After the observation period XTT assay was performed, alkaline phosphatase activity as well as osteocalcin concentration and nitric oxide secretion were determined and compared with the results obtained in the control group. It was found that the number of viable cells in the mechanically stimulated population was significantly higher than in control, while both alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration were significantly lower in the experimental group. Nitric oxide secretion was found in the culture which was subject to elastic strain, but not in the control. The possible clinical implication is that elastic strain of the metallic endoprostheses may influence osteoblasts which are in contact with the implant in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Serrell DB, Oreskovic TL, Slifka AJ, Mahajan RL, Finch DS. A uniaxial bioMEMS device for quantitative force-displacement measurements. Biomed Microdevices 2006; 9:267-75. [PMID: 17187300 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for experimental techniques that allow the simultaneous imaging of cellular cystoskeletal components with quantitative force measurements on single cells. A bioMEMS device has been developed for the application of strain to a single cell while simultaneously quantifying its force response. The prototype device presented here allows the mechanical study of a single, adherent cell in vitro. The device works in a fashion similar to a displacement-controlled uniaxial tensile machine. The device is calibrated using an AFM cantilever and shows excellent agreement with the calculated spring constant. The device is demonstrated on a single fibroblast. The force response of the cell is seen to be linear until the onset of de-adhesion with the de-adhesion from the cell platform occurring at a force of approximately 1500 nN.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Serrell
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
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26
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Gabbay JS, Zuk PA, Tahernia A, Askari M, O'Hara CM, Karthikeyan T, Azari K, Hollinger JO, Bradley JP. In VitroMicrodistraction of Preosteoblasts: Distraction Promotes Proliferation and Oscillation Promotes Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:3055-65. [PMID: 17518621 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast biology is influenced in vivo by a 3-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix that mediates their adhesion and interaction and by a constant state of compressive and tensile forces. To study the role of mechanical stress on osteoblasts in vitro, these parameters must be addressed. Therefore, this study describes the use of a novel, in vitro system that subjects cells to distractive and compressive forces in a 3D environment. This system, termed a microdistractor system, was used to apply linear forces to 3D collagen type I gels containing preosteoblasts. Gels were induced for up to 16 days in osteogenic medium and subjected to either constant linear distraction (distraction gels) or to repeating cycles of distraction and compression (oscillation gels). The effect of these stresses was evaluated over time by measuring proliferation rates, protein synthesis (i.e., cellular activity), and osteogenic differentiation levels. While linear forces in general appeared to increase protein synthesis, force-specific effects on proliferation and differentiation were observed. Specifically, distraction forces appeared to enhance MC3T3 proliferation while distraction/compressive forces appeared to accelerate their osteogenic differentiation program. Therefore, these results suggest that the microdistraction system may be an appropriate in vitro system for the study of mechanobiology in osteoblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubin S Gabbay
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Lab, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
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27
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Saha S, Ji L, de Pablo JJ, Palecek SP. Inhibition of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by mechanical strain. J Cell Physiol 2006; 206:126-37. [PMID: 15965964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces have been reported to induce proliferation and/or differentiation in many cell types, but the role of mechanotransduction during embryonic stem cell fate decisions is unknown. To ascertain the role of mechanical strain in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation, we measured the rate of hESC differentiation in the presence and absence of biaxial cyclic strain. Above a threshold of 10% cyclic strain, applied to a deformable elastic substratum upon which the hESC colonies were cultured, hESC differentiation was reduced and self-renewal was promoted without selecting against survival of differentiated or undifferentiated cells. Frequency of mechanical strain application had little effect on extent of differentiation. hESCs cultured under cyclic strain retained pluripotency, evidenced by their ability to differentiate to cell lineages in all three germ layers. Mechanical inhibition of hESC differentiation could not be traced to secretion of chemical factors into the media suggesting that mechanical forces may directly regulate hESC differentiation. Mechanical strain is not sufficient to inhibit differentiation, however, in unconditioned medium, hESCs grown under strain differentiated at the same rate as cells cultured in the absence of strain. Thus, while mechanical forces play a role in regulating hESC self-renewal and differentiation, they must act synergistically with chemical signals. These findings imply that application of mechanical forces may be useful, in combination with chemical and matrix-encoded signals, towards controlling differentiation of hESCs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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28
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Fleury C, Petit A, Mwale F, Antoniou J, Zukor DJ, Tabrizian M, Huk OL. Effect of cobalt and chromium ions on human MG-63 osteoblasts in vitro: morphology, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Biomaterials 2006; 27:3351-60. [PMID: 16488005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that Co(2+) and Cr(3+) ions induced cell mortality, TNF-alpha secretion, and oxidation of proteins in macrophages. However, little is known about the effects of corrosion products on the osteogenic cells, which have a crucial role in controlling bone remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Co(2+) (0-10 ppm) and Cr(3+) (0-150 ppm) on human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells in term of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Microscopic analysis demonstrated changes in shape, size, and number of cells. Co(2+) had a greater effect on these parameters than Cr(3+). Cell counting showed a significant decrease in the number of MG-63 osteoblasts in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with Co(2+) more toxic than Cr(3+). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis also showed a decreased cellular activity in presence of Co(2+) and Cr(3+) ions. Oxidized and nitrated proteins, two markers of oxidative stress, were detected as single bands and revealed time- and dose-dependent protein modifications. We also studied the expression of three antioxidant enzymes. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 was increased by both ions after 24h, before decreasing gradually thereafter. Glutathione peroxidase expression was also increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by both Co(2+) and Cr(3+) ions. Co(2+) decreased catalase expression while Cr(3+) increased it in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Cr(3+) and Co(2+) have a cytotoxic effect on MG-63 osteoblasts and have the potential to modify their redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Fleury
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, The Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 3775 Chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montreal, Que., Canada H3 T 1E2
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29
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Qu H, Wei M. The effect of fluoride contents in fluoridated hydroxyapatite on osteoblast behavior. Acta Biomater 2006; 2:113-9. [PMID: 16701866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) discs with various fluoride contents (0-0.567 mol F(-)/mol) [corrected] have been used to investigate the effect of fluoride content on osteoblastic cell behavior. SAOS-3 rat osteosarcoma cells were cultured on FHA discs for different time periods. The cell behavior was examined in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, morphology and differentiation. The fluoride content in FHA discs strongly affected the cell activities. More cell attachment and proliferation were observed on the fluoride-containing FHA discs than on pure hydroxyapatite (HA). The fluoride content also affected the differentiation behavior of osteoblastic cells. Cells on FHA discs demonstrated a higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than those on pure HA after 2 [corrected] weeks of culturing. These results suggested that fluoride ions have a significant impact on different osteoblastic cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, 06269-3136, USA
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Di Palma F, Guignandon A, Chamson A, Lafage-Proust MH, Laroche N, Peyroche S, Vico L, Rattner A. Modulation of the responses of human osteoblast-like cells to physiologic mechanical strains by biomaterial surfaces. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4249-57. [PMID: 15683648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we demonstrated that MG-63 cells cultured on Ti-6Al-4V discs covered by alumina ceramic and submitted to intermittent mechanical strain (IMS) presented morphological alteration associated with enhanced differentiation. Here we examine how the mechanical response of osteoblasts can be modulated by the nature of the substrate. MG-63 cells were cultured on four materials: polystyrene and Ti-6Al-4V (average roughness = 0.48 microm) as smooth substrates; Ti-6Al-4V (average roughness = 5.76 microm) and Ti-6Al-4V covered with alumina (average roughness = 5.21 microm) as rough substrates. Mechanical strains were applied for 15 min, three times a day for 1-5 days with a 600 microstrains magnitude and a 0.25 Hz frequency. IMS stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity by 25-35% on all substrates and had no effect on cell growth on either substrate. Fibronectin (FN) was chosen as representative of cell-matrix interaction. FN production was increased by 60% after 1 day of stretching only on alumina-coated discs. FN organization examined on smooth substrates was affected by 5 days of IMS, showing a thickening of the fibres. The same modifications induced by IMS were previously observed on alumina-covered discs. Vinculin expression was not affected by IMS whatever the substrate. Cell-cell interactions were determined by N-cadherin immunoblotting. N-cadherin expression was increased by IMS specifically on rough substrates. Our results suggest that the nature of the surface did not influence the up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity induced by IMS, but modulates specifically cell-substrate as well as cell-cell interactions in response to IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Di Palma
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Faculté de Médecine 15 rue Ambroise Paré, Université Jean Monnet, Equipe INSERM E366, Saint-Etienne 42023, Cedex 02, France
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Yang WD, Gomes RR, Alicknavitch M, Farach-Carson MC, Carson DD. Perlecan domain I promotes fibroblast growth factor 2 delivery in collagen I fibril scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:76-89. [PMID: 15738663 PMCID: PMC1635240 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is widely distributed in developing and adult tissues and plays multiple, important physiological roles. Studies with knockout mouse models indicate that expression of perlecan and heparan sulfate is critical for proper skeletal morphogenesis. Heparan sulfate chains bind and potentiate the activities of various growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Previous studies indicate that important biological activities are associated with the heparan sulfate-bearing domain I of perlecan (PlnDI; French et al. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17 , 48, 2002). In the present study, we have used recombinant, glycosaminoglycan-bearing PlnDI to reconstitute three-dimensional scaffolds of collagen I. Collagen I fibrils bound PlnDI much better than native collagen I monomers or heat-denatured collagen I preparations. Heparitinase digestion demonstrated that recombinant PlnDI was substituted with heparan sulfate and that these heparan sulfate chains were critically important not only for efficient integration of PlnDI into scaffolds, but also for FGF-2 binding and retention. PlnDI-containing collagen I scaffolds to which FGF-2 was bound sustained growth of both MG63, an osteoblastic cell line, and human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) significantly better than scaffolds lacking either PlnDI or FGF-2. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the utility of PlnDI in creating scaffolds that better mimic natural extracellular matrices and better support key biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An entire articular condyle engineered from stem cells may provide an alternative therapeutic approach to total joint replacement. This study describes our continuing effort to optimize the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells toward engineering articular condyles in vivo. METHODS Primary rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in vitro and were suspended in polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel. The hydrogel cell suspensions, each at a density of 20 x 10(6) cells/mL, were stratified into two separate layers that were molded into the shape and dimensions of an adult human cadaveric mandibular condyle by sequential photopolymerization. The osteochondral constructs fabricated in vitro were implanted in the dorsum of immunodeficient mice for twelve weeks. RESULTS De novo formation of articular condyles in the shape and dimensions of the adult human mandibular condyle occurred after a twelve-week period of in vivo implantation. Histological evaluation demonstrated two stratified layers of cartilaginous and osseous tissues, and yet there was mutual infiltration of cartilage-like and bone-like tissues into each other's territories. The cartilaginous portion was stained intensively to safranin O and expressed immunolocalized type-II collagen. Chondrocytes adjacent to the tissue-engineered osteochondral junction were enlarged and expressed type-X collagen, typical of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The osseous portion contained bone trabeculae-like structures and expressed immunolocalized type-I collagen, osteopontin, and osteonectin. CONCLUSIONS A cell encapsulation density of 20 million cells/mL with in vivo incubation for twelve weeks yields further tissue maturation and phenotypic growth of both cartilage-like and bone-like tissues in the tissue-engineered articular condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alhadlaq
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, MC 841, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Clark PA, Rodriguez A, Sumner DR, Hussain MA, Mao JJ. Modulation of bone ingrowth of rabbit femur titanium implants by in vivo axial micromechanical loading. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 98:1922-9. [PMID: 15640386 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01080.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium implants commonly used in orthopedics and dentistry integrate into host bone by a complex and coordinated process. Despite increasingly well illustrated molecular healing processes, mechanical modulation of implant bone ingrowth is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine whether micromechanical forces applied axially to titanium implants modulate bone ingrowth surrounding intraosseous titanium implants. We hypothesized that small doses of micromechanical forces delivered daily to the bone-implant interface enhance implant bone ingrowth. Small titanium implants were placed transcortically in the lateral aspect of the proximal femur in 15 New Zealand White rabbits under general anesthesia and allowed to integrate with the surrounding bone for 6 wk. Micromechanical forces at 200 mN and 1 Hz were delivered axially to the right femur implants for 10 min/day over 12 consecutive days, whereas the left femur implants served as controls. The average bone volume 1 mm from mechanically loaded implants (n = 15) was 73 +/- 12%, which was significantly greater than the average bone volume (52 +/- 21%) of the contralateral controls (n = 15) (P < 0.01). The average number of osteoblast-like cells per endocortical bone surface was 55 +/- 8 cells/mm(2) for mechanically loaded implants, which was significantly greater than the contralateral controls (35 +/- 6 cells/mm(2)) (P < 0.01). Dynamic histomorphometry showed a significant increase in mineral apposition rate and bone-formation rate of mechanically stressed implants (3.8 +/- 1.2 microm/day and 2.4 +/- 1.0 microm(3).microm(-2).day(-1), respectively) than contralateral controls (2.2 +/- 0.92 microm/day and 1.2 +/- 0.60 microm(3).microm(-2).day(-1), respectively; P < 0.01). Collectively, these data suggest that micromechanical forces delivered axially on intraosseous titanium implants may have anabolic effects on implant bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA
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Di Palma F, Chamson A, Lafage-Proust MH, Jouffray P, Sabido O, Peyroche S, Vico L, Rattner A. Physiological strains remodel extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion in osteoblastic cells cultured on alumina-coated titanium alloy. Biomaterials 2004; 25:2565-75. [PMID: 14751742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mechanical strains on cellular activities were assessed in an in vitro model using human osteoblastic MG-63 cells grown on titanium alloy discs coated with porous alumina and exposed to chronic intermittent loading. Strain was applied with a Dynacell device for three 15-min sequences per day for several days with a magnitude of 600 microepsilon strain and a frequency of 0.25 Hz. We have previously demonstrated that this regimen increased alkaline phosphatase activity in confluent cultures on ceramic coated titanium (alumina and hydroxyapatite) (Biomaterials 24 (2003) 3139). In this study, we analysed the production of bone matrix proteins. Osteocalcin secretion quantified by ELISA between day 5 and 11 was not affected by mechanical strain. Strain had even no quantifiable effect on collagen production from day 1 to 5 as measured by carboxy terminal collagen type I propeptide release. On the other hand, stress stimulation resulted in increased expression of fibronectin (FN) measured by Western blot after 1 day stretching. This upregulation of FN production was followed by reorganisation of the FN network after 5 days stretching observed by immunostaining. The receptors for collagen and FN, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1 and beta1 integrins were not quantitatively affected by the strains as measured by flow cytometry. A modification of cell morphology was seen after 5 days of loading that appeared to increase cell spreading, implying consequences on intercellular contacts. For this reason, N, C11 and E-adherins were examined. We noted a selective effect characterised by increased expression of N-cadherin using both RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. We concluded that reinforcement of cell-cell adhesion and remodelling of the FN network are important adaptive responses to physiological strains for human osteoblasts grown on alumina-coated biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Di Palma
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biochimie du Tissu Osseux, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, Equipe de recherche INSERM E366, 15 rue Ambroise Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, Loire, France
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