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Vaughan OR, Rossi CA, Ginsberg Y, White A, Hristova M, Sebire NJ, Martin J, Zachary IC, Peebles DM, David AL. Perinatal and long-term effects of maternal uterine artery adenoviral VEGF-A165 gene therapy in the growth-restricted guinea pig fetus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R344-R353. [PMID: 29847165 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00210.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Uterine artery application of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (Ad.VEGF-A165) gene therapy increases uterine blood flow and fetal growth in experimental animals with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Whether Ad.VEGF-A165 reduces lifelong cardiovascular disease risk imposed by FGR remains unknown. Here, pregnant guinea pigs fed 70% normal food intake to induce FGR received Ad.VEGF-A165 (1×1010 viral particles, n = 15) or vehicle ( n = 10), delivered to the external surface of the uterine arteries, in midpregnancy. Ad libitum-fed controls received vehicle only ( n = 14). Litter size, gestation length, and perinatal mortality were similar in control, untreated FGR, and FGR+Ad.VEGF-A165 animals. When compared with controls, birth weight was lower in male but higher in female pups following maternal nutrient restriction, whereas both male and female FGR+Ad.VEGF-A165 pups were heavier than untreated FGR pups ( P < 0.05, ANOVA). Postnatal weight gain was 10-20% greater in female FGR+Ad.VEGF-A165 than in untreated FGR pups, depending on age, although neither group differed from controls. Maternal nutrient restriction reduced heart weight in adult female offspring irrespective of Ad.VEGF-A165 treatment but did not alter ventricular wall thickness. In males, postnatal weight gain and heart morphology were not affected by maternal treatment. Neither systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, adrenal weight, nor basal or challenged plasma cortisol were affected by maternal undernutrition or Ad.VEGF-A165 in either sex. Therefore, increased fetal growth conferred by maternal uterine artery Ad.VEGF-A165 is sustained postnatally in FGR female guinea pigs. In this study, we did not find evidence for an effect of maternal nutrient restriction or Ad.VEGF-A165 therapy on adult offspring blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Vaughan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - C A Rossi
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Y Ginsberg
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A White
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - M Hristova
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - J Martin
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - I C Zachary
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D M Peebles
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A L David
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
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Swanson A, David A. Animal models of fetal growth restriction: Considerations for translational medicine. Placenta 2015; 36:623-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pessemesse L, Lepourry L, Bouton K, Levin J, Cabello G, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F. p28, a truncated form of TRα1 regulates mitochondrial physiology. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4037-43. [PMID: 25263706 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified in mitochondria two truncated forms of the T3 nuclear receptor TRα1, with molecular weights of 43kDa (p43) and 28kDa (p28) respectively located in the matrix and in the inner membrane. Previously, we have demonstrated that p43 stimulates mitochondrial transcription and protein synthesis in the presence of T3. Here we report that p28 is targeted into the organelle in a T3-dependent manner and displays an affinity for T3 higher than the nuclear receptor. We tried to generate mice overexpressing p28 using the human α-skeletal actin promoter, however we found an early embryonic lethality that was probably linked to a transient expression of p28 in trophoblast giant cells. This could be partly explained by the observation that overexpression of p28 in human fibroblasts induced alterations of mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pessemesse
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lepourry
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Katia Bouton
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Levin
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Cabello
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Wrutniak-Cabello
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I et II, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
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Hamir AN, Rupprecht CE. Trophoblast-like cells in the tissues of porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum). Vet Pathol 2008; 45:409-11. [PMID: 18487503 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-3-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During development and subsequent field evaluation of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) recombinant virus vaccine, 53 adult porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum; 38 females and 15 males) were examined. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of giant epitheloid cells in various tissues (adrenal glands, spleen, liver, and lungs) of 4 (11%) female animals. These giant cells were approximately 20 times the size of the surrounding cells of the parenchyma. The cells were found singly and were not associated with any inflammatory cellular infiltrate and appeared to be located within vascular lumina. Morphologically these cells were typical of uterine epitheloid trophoblasts. This is the first record of the presence of trophoblast-like cells in nongenital tissues of porcupines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Hamir
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, 2300 Dayton AvenuePO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Mills TA, Baker PN, Wareing M. The effect of mode of delivery on placental chorionic plate vascular reactivity. Hypertens Pregnancy 2007; 26:201-10. [PMID: 17469010 DOI: 10.1080/10601330701274824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether delivery mode influences placental chorionic plate arterial and venous vascular reactivity. METHODS Normal term placentas were obtained after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Chorionic plate arterial and venous function was assessed by wire myography. RESULTS Sodium nitroprusside-induced arterial relaxation increased post cesarean section at 20% oxygen. Decreased U46619-induced venous contraction was observed in vaginal deliveries at 7% oxygen. Sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation increased in vaginal delivery at 20% oxygen. CONCLUSION Delivery mode does not alter chorionic plate arterial vascular reactivity under physiological conditions, however venous reactivity was modified, a factor for consideration when interpreting functional experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Mills
- Division of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Carter AM. Animal models of human placentation--a review. Placenta 2006; 28 Suppl A:S41-7. [PMID: 17196252 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of animal models of human placentation and pays particular attention to the mouse and non-human primates. Analogies can be drawn between mouse and human in placental cell types and genes controlling placental development. There are, however, substantive differences, including a different mode of implantation, a prominent yolk sac placenta, and fewer placental hormones in the mouse. Crucially, trophoblast invasion is very limited in the mouse and transformation of uterine arteries depends on maternal factors. The mouse also has a short gestation and delivers poorly developed young. Guinea pig is a good alternative rodent model and among the few species known to develop pregnancy toxaemia. The sheep is well established as a model in fetal physiology but is of limited value for placental research. The ovine placenta is epitheliochorial, there is no trophoblast invasion of uterine vessels, and the immunology of pregnancy may be quite different. We conclude that continued research on non-human primates is needed to clarify embryonic-endometrial interactions. The interstitial implantation of human is unusual, but the initial interaction between trophoblast and endometrium is similar in macaques and baboons, as is the subsequent lacunar stage. The absence of interstitial trophoblast cells in the monkey is an important difference from human placentation. However, there is a strong resemblance in the way spiral arteries are invaded and transformed in the macaque, baboon and human. Non-human primates are therefore important models for understanding the dysfunction that has been linked to pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Models that are likely to be established in the wake of comparative genomics include the marmoset, tree shrew, hedgehog tenrec and nine-banded armadillo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 21, Third Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
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Rodrigues RF, Carter AM, Ambrosio CE, dos Santos TC, Miglino MA. The subplacenta of the red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina L). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:31. [PMID: 16740154 PMCID: PMC1501023 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hystricognath rodents have a lobed placenta, comprising labyrinthine exchange areas and interlobular trophoblast. These correspond to the labyrinthine and spongy zones of other rodent placentae. Beneath them, however, is a structure unique to hystricognath rodents called the subplacenta. We here describe the subplacenta of the red-rumped agouti and examine the possible functional correlates of this structure. METHODS Placentae were collected from early in midgestation to near term of pregnancy and examined by standard histological techniques, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, to study the microvasculature of the subplacenta, vessel casts were inspected by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS In the subplacenta, lamellae of connective tissue support a layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells. Beneath this is found syncytiotrophoblast. Clusters of multinuclear giant cells occur in the transition zone between the subplacenta and decidua. There are prominent intercellular spaces between the cytotrophoblast cells. The basal membrane of these cells is often close to fetal blood vessels. The syncytiotrophoblast surrounds an extensive system of lacunae. Microvilli project into these lacunae from the plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. The syncytial cytoplasm contains electron-dense granules. This is probably the amylase-resistant PAS-positive material identified by histochemistry. The subplacenta is supplied entirely from the fetal circulation. Within it the vessels pursue a tortuous course with sinusoidal dilatations and constrictions. CONCLUSION The functions that have been attributed to the subplacenta include hormone production. Our findings are consistent with this interpretation, but suggest that hormone secretion is directed towards the fetal circulation rather than the maternal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony M Carter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrosio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wareing M, Baker PN. Vasoconstriction of small arteries isolated from the human placental chorionic plate in normal and compromised pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2005; 23:237-46. [PMID: 15617623 DOI: 10.1081/prg-200030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to compare placental chorionic plate small artery function in normal pregnancies and those complicated by preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In particular we wished to test the hypothesis that the constrictive potential of placental small arteries is modified in compromised pregnancy. Biopsies were obtained from term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies and those affected by preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Small arteries from the chorionic plate were dissected free from surrounding tissue and studied using parallel wire myography. Placental small arteries developed maintained constrictions to arginine vasopressin and the thromboxane-mimetic U46619. Arterial maximal constriction was reduced in both preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This effect was agonist independent. In intrauterine growth restriction, placental small arteries showed decreased sensitivity to U46619 but not to arginine vasopressin. Human placental chorionic plate small artery vasoconstriction is significantly reduced in compromised pregnancy, a factor that may lead to altered blood flow within the fetoplacental circulation in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wareing
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Center, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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