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Aziz-Ul-Rahman, Rohaim MA, El Naggar RF, Mustafa G, Chaudhry U, Shabbir MZ. Comparative clinico-pathological assessment of velogenic (sub-genotype VIIi) and mesogenic (sub-genotype VIm) Avian avulavirus 1 in chickens and pigeons. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:610-621. [PMID: 31403322 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1648751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1), affects a wide range of avian species worldwide. Recently, several AAvVs of diverse genotypes have emerged with varying genomic and residue substitutions, and subsequent clinical impact on susceptible avian species. We assessed the clinico-pathological influence of two different AAvV 1 pathotypes [wild bird originated-velogenic strain (sub-genotype VIIi, MF437287) and feral pigeon originated-mesogenic strain (sub-genotype VIm, KU885949)] in commercial broiler chickens and pigeons. The velogenic strain caused 100% mortality in both avian species while the mesogenic strain caused 0% and 30% mortality in chickens and pigeons, respectively. Both strains showed tissue tropism for multiple tissues including visceral organs; however, minor variances were observed according to host and pathotype. The observed gross and microscopic lesions were typical of AAvV 1 infection. Utilizing oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, a comparable pattern of viral shedding was observed for both strains from each of the infected individuals of both avian species. The study concludes a varying susceptibility of chickens and pigeons to different wild bird-originated AAvV 1 pathotypes and, therefore, suggests continuous monitoring and surveillance of currently prevailing strains for effective control of the disease worldwide, particularly in disease-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ul-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore Pakistan.,Quality Operation Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt.,Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University , Lancaster , UK
| | - Rania F El Naggar
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City , Sadat , Egypt
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh , Roslin, Midlothian , UK
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operation Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore Pakistan
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A comparative genomic and evolutionary analysis of circulating strains of Avian avulavirus 1 in Pakistan. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1289-1309. [PMID: 31147843 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease, caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1), is endemic to many developing countries around the globe including Pakistan. Frequent epidemics are not uncommon even in vaccinated populations and are largely attributed to the genetic divergence of prevailing isolates and their transmission in the environment. With the strengthening of laboratory capabilities in Pakistan, a number of genetically diverse AAvV 1 strains have recently been isolated and individually characterized in comparison with isolates reported elsewhere in the world. However, there lacks sufficient comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses of field circulating strains that can elucidate the evolutionary dynamics over a period of time. Herein, we enriched the whole genome sequences of AAvV reported so far (n = 35) from Pakistan and performed comparative genomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Based on these analyses, we found only isolates belonging to genotypes VI, VII and XIII of AAvV 1 in a wide range of avian and human hosts. Comparative phylogeny revealed the concurrent circulation of avulaviruses representing different sub-genotypes such as VIg, VIm, VIIa, VIIb, VIIe, VIIf, VIIi, XIIIb and XIIId. We found that the isolates of genotype VII were more closely associated with viruses of genotype XIII than genotype VI. An inter-genotype comparative residue analysis revealed a few substitutions in structurally and functionally important motifs. Putative recombination events were reported for only one of the captive-wild bird (pheasant)-origin isolates. The viruses of genotype VII had a high genetic diversity as compared to isolates from genotypes VI and XIII and, therefore, have more potential to evolve over a period of time. Taken together, the current study provides an insight into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of AAvV 1 strains circulating in Pakistan. Such findings are expected to facilitate better intervention strategies for the prevention and control of ND in disease-endemic countries across the globe particularly Pakistan.
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Mohamed MHA, Abdelaziz AM, Kumar S, Al-Habib MA, Megahed MM. Effect of phylogenetic diversity of velogenic Newcastle disease virus challenge on virus shedding post homologous and heterologous DNA vaccination in chickens. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:228-34. [PMID: 26813237 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1144870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly devastating disease for the poultry industry as it causes high economic losses. In this present study, a DNA vaccine containing the F and HN surface antigens of a highly virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), NDV/1/Chicken/2005 (FJ939313), was successfully generated. Cell transfection test indicated that the vaccine expressed the F and HN genes in Hep-2 cells. The main objective of this study was to compare the extent of protection induced by DNA vaccination after homologous and heterologous NDV-challenge as determined by the amount of NDV shedding after challenge. NDV-antibody-negative chickens were vaccinated either once, twice or thrice intramuscularly at 7, 14 and 21 days old and were challenged 14 days post vaccination with either homologous virus (vaccine-matched velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (vvNDV) strain, FJ939313), phylogenetically related to group VII, or a phylogenetically divergent heterologous virus (unmatched vvNDV strain, AY968809), which belongs to genogroup VI and shows 84.1% nucleotide similarity to the NDV-sequences of the DNA vaccine. Our data indicate that birds, which received a single dose of the DNA vaccine were poorly protected, and only 30-40% of these birds survived after challenge with high virus shedding titre. Multiple administration of the DNA vaccine induced high protection rates of 70-90% with reduced virus shedding compared to the non-vaccinated and challenged birds. Generally, homologous challenge led to reduced tracheal and cloacal shedding compared to the heterologous vvNDV strain. This study provides a promising approach for the control of ND in chickens using DNA vaccines, which are phylogenetically closely related to the circulating field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- a Department of Clinical Studies, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources , King Faisal University , Al-Hasa , Saudi Arabia.,b Deaprtment of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdelaziz
- c Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Sachin Kumar
- d Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Malik A Al-Habib
- e Executive Department of Risk Assessment , Saudi Food and Drug Authority , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Megahed
- b Deaprtment of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Carrasco ADOT, Seki MC, Benevenute JL, Ikeda P, Pinto AA. Experimental infection with Brazilian Newcastle disease virus strain in pigeons and chickens. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:231-42. [PMID: 26887250 PMCID: PMC4822742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed with the goal of adding as much information as possible about the role of pigeons (Columba livia) and chickens (Gallus gallus) in Newcastle disease virus epidemiology. These species were submitted to direct experimental infection with Newcastle disease virus to evaluate interspecies transmission and virus-host relationships. The results obtained in four experimental models were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection of virus shedding. These techniques revealed that both avian species, when previously immunized with a low pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (LaSota), developed high antibody titers that significantly reduced virus shedding after infection with a highly pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (São Joao do Meriti) and that, in chickens, prevent clinical signs. Infected pigeons shed the pathogenic strain, which was not detected in sentinel chickens or control birds. When the presence of Newcastle disease virus was analyzed in tissue samples by RT-PCR, in both species, the virus was most frequently found in the spleen. The vaccination regimen can prevent clinical disease in chickens and reduce viral shedding by chickens or pigeons. Biosecurity measures associated with vaccination programs are crucial to maintain a virulent Newcastle disease virus-free status in industrial poultry in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meire Christina Seki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Jyan Lucas Benevenute
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ikeda
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Aramis Augusto Pinto
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Wu S, Wang W, Yao C, Wang X, Hu S, Cao J, Wu Y, Liu W, Liu X. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic poultry species in Eastern China during 2005-2008. Arch Virol 2015; 156:253-61. [PMID: 21061026 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-nine Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) isolated from clinical specimens of different poultry species including chickens, pigeons (Columba livia), geese and ostriches in Eastern China during 2005-2008 were characterized biologically and phylogenetically. The results showed genetic diversity of these viruses: three class I viruses and one genotype I and 12 genotype II viruses of class II circulating in chickens were avirulent; four genotype VIb viruses isolated from pigeons were moderately virulent; and two genotype III viruses and 57 genotype VIId viruses were highly virulent. The three class I viruses were further classified as genotypes 2 and 3. The very high F protein sequence identity of one genotype I virus with strain Queensland V4 and 12 genotype II viruses with strain La Sota indicated that these viruses originated from the two vaccine strains. Two genotype III viruses shared greater than 99% sequence identity with the moderately virulent vaccine strain Mukteswar but exhibited significantly higher virulence, suggesting that they evolved from the vaccine virus and that the Mukteswar vaccine should be banned in China. Fifty-seven of the 63 virulent NDVs in this study belonged to genotype VIId, indicating its predominance in Eastern China. Genotype VIId viruses could be further classified into two subgroups. Four of the five NDVs isolated from pigeons belonged to genotype VIb, indicating its host-specific preference. Both the genotype VIb and VIId NDVs showed low amino acid similarity to the vaccine strains currently used in China, implying the urgent need to develop better vaccines against the most prevalent NDVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
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Miller PJ, Afonso CL, El Attrache J, Dorsey KM, Courtney SC, Guo Z, Kapczynski DR. Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:505-513. [PMID: 23796788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Different genotypes of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 virus (APMV-1) circulate in many parts of the world. Traditionally, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is recognized as having two major divisions represented by classes I and II, with class II being further divided into sixteen genotypes. Although all NDV are members of APMV-1 and are of one serotype, antigenic and genetic diversity is observed between the different genotypes. Reports of vaccine failure from many countries and reports by our lab on the reduced ability of classical vaccines to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding have created renewed interest in developing vaccines formulated with genotypes homologous to the virulent NDV (vNDV) circulating in the field. We assessed how the amount and specificity of humoral antibodies induced by inactivated vaccines affected viral replication, clinical protection and evaluated how non-homologous (heterologous) antibody levels induced by live NDV vaccines relate to transmission of vNDV. In an experimental setting, all inactivated NDV vaccines protected birds from morbidity and mortality, but higher and more specific levels of antibodies were required to significantly decrease viral replication. It was possible to significantly decrease viral replication and shedding with high levels of antibodies and those levels could be more easily reached with vaccines formulated with NDV of the same genotype as the challenge viruses. However, when the levels of heterologous antibodies were sufficiently high, it was possible to prevent transmission. As the level of humoral antibodies increase in vaccinated birds, the number of infected birds and the amount of vNDV shed decreased. Thus, in an experimental setting the effective levels of humoral antibodies could be increased by (1) increasing the homology of the vaccine to the challenge virus, or (2) allowing optimal time for the development of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, United States.
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de Oliveira ES, Silva KR, Fernando FS, Gonçalves MCM, Fernandes CC, Borzi MM, dos Santos RM, Tamanini MDLF, Montassier MDFDS, Montassier HJ. A liquid-phase-blocking concanavalin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus in serum of free-ranging pigeons. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:720-6. [PMID: 24100439 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713503656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A competitive liquid-phase-blocking concanavalin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LPB-ConA-ELISA) was developed in the current study. The assay used ConA as a capture reagent, and the sera of specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with nonpurified Newcastle disease virus (NDV) suspension as detector antibodies, to detect and quantify specific antiviral antibodies in serum samples from free-ranging pigeons. The comparison between the LPB-ConA-ELISA and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the detection of antibodies in serum samples from 107 pigeons showed significant correlation between the assays (r = 0.875), a high sensitivity (100%), specificity (95.8%), accuracy (96.3%) for the ELISA, and good agreement (κ = 0.83) between the 2 assays. The results of this study suggest that the LPB-ConA-ELISA could be a useful alternative to HI test in the serodiagnosis of NDV in pigeons, or other species of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Schirato de Oliveira
- 1Elisabete Schirato de Oliveira, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carrasco ADOT, Rodrigues JNM, Seki MC, de Moraes FE, Silva JR, Durigon EL, Pinto AA. Use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in molecular screening of Newcastle disease virus in poultry and free-living bird populations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:569-76. [PMID: 22983878 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple molecular method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to differentiate Newcastle disease virus strains according to their pathogenicity, in order to use it in molecular screening of Newcastle disease virus in poultry and free-living bird populations. Specific primers were developed to differentiate LaSota--LS--(vaccine strain) and Sao Joao do Meriti--SJM--strain (highly pathogenic strain). Chickens and pigeons were experimentally vaccinated/infected for an in vivo study to determine virus shedding in feces. Validation of sensitivity and specificity of the primers (SJM and LS) by experimental models used in the present study and results obtained in the molecular analysis of the primers by BLAST made it possible to generalize results. The development of primers that differentiate the level of pathogenicity of NDV stains is very important, mainly in countries where real-time RT-PCR is still not used as a routine test. These primers were able to determine the presence of the agent and to differentiate it according to its pathogenicity.
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Hu S, Wang T, Liu Y, Meng C, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu X. Identification of a variable epitope on the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein. Vet Microbiol 2009; 140:92-7. [PMID: 19729254 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 07/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated from diseased birds in Eastern China in 2005. To investigate the antigenic variation in the epitopes on NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, these isolates, together with six reference strains, were subjected to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using five HI-positive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against velogenic NDV strain ZJ1. The MAbs 2G5, 3A4, 3B5 and 6B1 recognized 12 of the 15 NDV isolates, and exhibited HI activity towards the six reference strains. However, these MAbs did not react with three local isolates, JS-02/05, JS-06/05 and JS-10/05. HN gene sequence analysis of all NDV strains revealed that these MAb-resistant NDV isolates possessed residue K at position 347 of the HN protein, whereas all remaining strains possessed E or G at the same site. To determine the contribution of the residue at position 347 to antigenic epitope formation, we generated by reverse genetics two recombinant viruses, ZJ1HNK with an E347K mutation on ZJ1 HN, and JSHNE with a K347E mutation on JS-06/05 HN. The HI test demonstrated that ZJ1HNK lost reactivity with MAbs 2G5, 3A4, 3B5 and 6B1, whereas JSHNE did react with these MAbs. Further verification by immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that residue 347 was a critical determinant for formation of the antigenic epitope (residues 345-353) on the HN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Long-term stability studies on protection against Newcastle disease by commercial live vaccine used in Brazil. Biologicals 2009; 37:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Experimental infection of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons (Columba livia): Humoral antibody response, contact transmission and viral genome shedding. Vet Microbiol 2008; 129:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hernandez-Divers SM, Villegas P, Prieto F, Unda JC, Stedman N, Ritchie B, Carroll R, Hernandez-Divers SJ. A Survey of Selected Avian Pathogens of Backyard Poultry in Northwestern Ecuador. J Avian Med Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1647/2005-015r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Panshin A, Shihmanter E, Weisman Y, Orvell C, Lipkind M. Antigenic heterogeneity amongst the field isolates of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in relation to the vaccine strain. Part II: studies on viruses isolated from domestic birds in Israel. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 25:173-85. [PMID: 12053915 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(01)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Forty three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains isolated before and during 1997 in Israel from domestic birds were studied by means of the three panels of monoclonal antibodies prepared against all the viral envelope proteins in order to reveal the possible antigenic differences between them and the VH strain used in Israel for poultry vaccination. Three isolates were found to have significant antigenic differences in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins as compared to the vaccine strain. As to the matrix protein, almost all the viruses isolated during the year 1997 were found to have considerable differences from the vaccine strain in two of four antigenic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panshin
- Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel.
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