1
|
Golender N, Hoffmann B, Kenigswald G, Scheinin S, Kedmi M, Gleser D, Klement E. Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Israel 2014-2023: Genetic Characterization of Local and Emerging Strains. Pathogens 2024; 13:636. [PMID: 39204237 PMCID: PMC11357334 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease, which frequently causes significant epizootics in susceptible water buffalo and cattle in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East. In the current study, a two-stage protocol for BEFV viral isolation was developed. Data on the clinical signs, geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of BEFV strains isolated in Israel in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2023 were summarized. It was found that during 2015-2021, all BEF outbreaks were caused by local BEFV strains, whereas the epizootic of BEFV in 2023 was caused by a new "Mayotte-like" BEFV strain. A comparison of bluetongue (BT) and BEF outbreaks during 2023 in Israel demonstrated that the incidence of BEFV was 2.21 times higher and its pathogenicity was more serious for the cattle population compared to that caused by BTVs. A phylogenetic analysis of Israeli and global BEFV revealed the emergence of non-local strains in new areas. This finding suggests that BEFV can no longer be classified based only upon geographic distribution. Considering a phylogenetic, genetic and proteomic analysis of all available BEFV strains, we suggest classifying them as a single serotype, which includes four lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Gabriel Kenigswald
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Shani Scheinin
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Maor Kedmi
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Dan Gleser
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lavon Y, Ezra E, Friedgut O, Behar A. Economic Aspects of Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) Outbreaks in Dairy Cattle Herds. Vet Sci 2023; 10:645. [PMID: 37999468 PMCID: PMC10674311 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by blood-feeding insects (mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges). While the dispersal of arboviral diseases such as bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) into naive areas is often the result of globalization and animal movement, the endemization and local outbreaks of these diseases are mainly influenced by environmental changes. Climate change affects the activity, distribution, dynamics, and life cycles of these vectors (arthropods), the replication of viruses within their vectors, and weakens animal's immune systems. Although BEF does not currently occur in the Americas and Europe (other than in the western regions of Turkey), the risk of BEFV emergence, spread, and endemization in Europe is real. Over the past two decades, arboviruses such as the bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) have emerged in Europe without warning and caused significant losses to the dairy and meat industries. Since the European cattle population has never been exposed to BEFV, the economic losses to dairy and beef production in this continent due to the reduction in milk production, loss of valuable cows, and abortion, should BEF emerge, would probably be considerable. Moreover, arboviruses can also cause substantial financial damage due to restrictions on animal trade and transportation, like the current EHDV-8 outbreak in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, we used national data stored in the Israeli herd book to examine the economic aspects of BEF outbreaks in affected dairy cattle farms countrywide. Our results demonstrate that BEF outbreaks can have immediate and delayed effects, causing severe economic losses due to culling (loss of valuable cows) and a reduction in milk production that affects dairy farm income for months after clinical diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study on the impact of a BEF outbreak at a population level, enabling to conduct accurate risk assessments in future cases of BEFV emergence and re-emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lavon
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea 38900, Israel; (Y.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Ephraim Ezra
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea 38900, Israel; (Y.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Orly Friedgut
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| | - Adi Behar
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chizov-Ginzburg A, Stram Y, Rot A, Taub-Umansky L, Izhaki O, Behar A. Stretching the wings further- susceptibility of Culex pipiens Linnaeus to bovine ephemeral fever virus infection under experimental conditions. Acta Trop 2023; 246:106995. [PMID: 37549840 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a significant viral disease of cattle in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climatic zones. This disease is also known as three-day sickness due to the spontaneous recovery of the cattle within a short period (usually 3-5 days). Despite its short duration, the disease may have a considerable impact. It can cause heavy economic losses, primarily due to decreased milk production, lowered fertility in bulls, and even fatality in severe cases. The virus is suspected to be transmitted by haematophagous insects (mainly mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges); however, the identity of a competent vector for BEFV remains a mystery. Here, we investigated whether BEFV may replicate for a short duration in Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758, the most prevalent mosquito species in Israel and a potential vector of this virus to Israeli cattle. We applied nested- qPCR to test BEFV abundance in Cx. pipiens every 24 h for 14 consecutive days post-infection. Additionally, we collected eggs laid by BEFV-infected females and investigated BEFV abundance in the different developmental stages of F1 mosquitos. Our results suggest that Cx. pipiens mosquitoes have the potential to act as a vector of BEFV and also indicate that BEFV may be vertically transmitted from Cx. pipiens female parent to her female offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asael Rot
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Omer Izhaki
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Adi Behar
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otomaru K, Miyahara T, Saita H, Usa A, Ijiri M. Evaluation of antibody response to inactivated bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine for Japanese Black calves in the field. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13904. [PMID: 38100635 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibody response to the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccine in Japanese Black calves. Twenty-eight Japanese Black calves, which were raised on an ordinal farm, were divided into two groups. Fifteen calves received the inactivated BEFV vaccine at 12 and 16 weeks of age (vaccination group), and 13 calves did not receive the vaccine (non-vaccination group). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age. As the results, in the vaccination group, the antibody titers at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.01). Additionally, antibody titer in the vaccination group increased after 16 weeks of age and showed a significantly higher level than that in the non-vaccination group throughout the remaining experimental period (p < 0.01). These results might be helpful in establishing a vaccination program against BEFV in calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyahara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Saita
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Amane Usa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Moe Ijiri
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Development and validation of a DIVA ELISA for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals. J Virol Methods 2022; 310:114625. [PMID: 36167229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated vaccine is considered safe and used for prevention of bovine ephemeral fever in several endemic countries. To differentiate between BEFV-infected and vaccinated animals, we developed an ELISA capable of detecting infection-related antibodies against BEFV. Recombinant proteins, including N, P, M, L, GNS, α2, β and γ, were expressed in E. coli and screened by Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed GNS, α2 and β specifically reacted with sera from BEFV infected cattle but not sera from vaccinated cattle. A DIVA ELISA based on a C-terminal truncated form of GNS was developed, with 100% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity at a sample to positive-control optical density ratio (S/P) threshold of 0.18. Specificity analysis showed that the assay has no cross-reactivity with antisera of other common bovine viruses. Anti-GNS antibody appears at 3-4 days post infection (dpi) and persists up to 240-300 dpi in the experimentally infected cattle. Sero-epidemiological survey using sera collected from vaccinated cattle in an endemic area in Jiangsu Province revealed sero-positive rate of 2.36% (6/254), indicating that the DIVA ELISA could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals.
Collapse
|
6
|
van der Kuyl AC. Historic and Prehistoric Epidemics: An Overview of Sources Available for the Study of Ancient Pathogens. EPIDEMIOLOGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:443-464. [PMID: 36547255 PMCID: PMC9778136 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since life on earth developed, parasitic microbes have thrived. Increases in host numbers, or the conquest of a new species, provide an opportunity for such a pathogen to enjoy, before host defense systems kick in, a similar upsurge in reproduction. Outbreaks, caused by "endemic" pathogens, and epidemics, caused by "novel" pathogens, have thus been creating chaos and destruction since prehistorical times. To study such (pre)historic epidemics, recent advances in the ancient DNA field, applied to both archeological and historical remains, have helped tremendously to elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of pathogens. These studies have offered new and unexpected insights into the evolution of, for instance, smallpox virus, hepatitis B virus, and the plague-causing bacterium Yersinia pestis. Furthermore, burial patterns and historical publications can help in tracking down ancient pathogens. Another source of information is our genome, where selective sweeps in immune-related genes relate to past pathogen attacks, while multiple viruses have left their genomes behind for us to study. This review will discuss the sources available to investigate (pre)historic diseases, as molecular knowledge of historic and prehistoric pathogens may help us understand the past and the present, and prepare us for future epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ; Tel.: +31-205-666-778
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mollazadeh S, Bakhshesh M, Keyvanfar H, Nikbakht Brujeni G. Identification of Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) Epitope and design of an immunogenic multi-epitope of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus (BEFV) Glycoprotein G for Vaccine Development. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:18-26. [PMID: 35033847 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a vector-borne disease of cattle and water buffalo, is enzootic in tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, Australia, and Africa. Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses may play a key role in the control of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) infection, it is important to identify and characterize the CTL target epitopes of BEFV antigens. The current study has been designed to identify and characterize the potential CTL epitopes using the Immuno-informatics tools, and it helped find the potent vaccine candidates against BEF. Antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and immunogenicity testing of predicted CTL epitopes was done. Total four CTL epitopes for BEFV G protein, have been identified as potential epitopes. Prediction of the 3D structure of multi-epitope (final structure) was performed using I-TASSER server. Model 1 was selected as the best model with C-Score: -3.71. The modeled G protein structure and multi-epitope structure were validated by the Ramachandran plots Prosa and Verify 3D server. Epitopic regions of 3D protein structure were identified by Chimera UCSF software. Physicochemical properties of the Multi epitope were evaluated using ProtParam server. This is the first report of CTL epitope in the G protein of BEFV. In this manner, they would play an important role in evoking the immune response as well as vaccine development. However, in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are required for suggested epitopes verification. The multi-epitope was designed from regions of the G protein sequence that lacked mutation and genomic diversity. Therefore, it can be introduced as a protein vaccine from all strains of BEFV as a vaccine candidate for design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mollazadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Bakhshesh
- Department of Animal Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hadi Keyvanfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pyasi S, Gupta A, Hegde NR, Nayak D. Complete genome sequencing and assessment of mutation-associated protein dynamics of the first Indian bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate. Vet Q 2021; 41:308-319. [PMID: 34663182 PMCID: PMC8567923 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1995909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a re-emerging disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Although it poses a huge economic threat to the livestock sector, complete viral genome information from any South Asian country, including India, lacks. Aim Genome characterization of the first Indian BEFV isolate and to evaluate its genetic diversity by characterizing genomic mutations and their associated protein dynamics. Materials and Methods Of the nineteen positive blood samples collected from BEF symptomatic animals during the 2018-19 outbreaks in India, one random sample was used to amplify the entire viral genome by RT-PCR. Utilizing Sanger sequencing and NGS technology, a complete genome was determined. Genome characterization, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses were explored by comparing the results with available global isolates. Additionally, unique genomic mutations within the Indian isolate were investigated, followed by in-silico assessment of non-synonymous (NS) mutations impacts on corresponding proteins’ secondary structure, solvent accessibility and dynamics. Results The complete genome of Indian BEFV has 14,903 nucleotides with 33% GC with considerable genetic diversity. Its sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relatedness to the Middle Eastern lineage. Genome-wide scanning elucidated 30 unique mutations, including 10 NS mutations in the P, L and GNS proteins. The mutational impact evaluation confirmed alterations in protein structure and dynamics, with minimal effect on solvent accessibility. Additionally, alteration in the interatomic interactions was compared against the wild type. Conclusion These findings extend our understanding of the BEFV epidemiological and pathogenic potential, aiding in developing better therapeutic and preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pyasi
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Advika Gupta
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Nagendra R Hegde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Multi-Epitope- Subunit Vaccine against Bovine Ephemeral Fever Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080925. [PMID: 34452050 PMCID: PMC8402647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an overlooked pathogen, recently gaining widespread attention owing to its associated enormous economic impacts affecting the global livestock industries. High endemicity with rapid spread and morbidity greatly impacts bovine species, demanding adequate attention towards BEFV prophylaxis. Currently, a few suboptimum vaccines are prevailing, but were confined to local strains with limited protection. Therefore, we designed a highly efficacious multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeted against the geographically distributed BEFV population. By utilizing immunoinformatics technology, all structural proteins were targeted for B- and T-cell epitope prediction against the entire allele population of BoLA molecules. Prioritized epitopes were adjoined by linkers and adjuvants to effectively induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in bovine. Subsequently, the in silico construct was characterized for its physicochemical parameters, high immunogenicity, least allergenicity, and non-toxicity. The 3D modeling, refinement, and validation of ligand (vaccine construct) and receptor (bovine TLR7) then followed molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to validate their stable interactions. Moreover, in silico cloning of codon-optimized vaccine construct in the prokaryotic expression vector (pET28a) was explored. This is the first time HTL epitopes have been predicted using bovine datasets. We anticipate that the designed construct could be an effective prophylactic remedy for the BEF disease that may pave the way for future laboratory experiments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gortázar C, Barroso P, Nova R, Cáceres G. The role of wildlife in the epidemiology and control of Foot-and-mouth-disease And Similar Transboundary (FAST) animal diseases: A review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2462-2473. [PMID: 34268873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) are notifiable diseases which are highly transmissible and have the potential for rapid spread regardless of national borders. Many TADs are shared between domestic animals and wildlife, with the potential to affect both livestock sector and wildlife conservation and eventually, public health in the case of zoonosis. The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), a commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has grouped six TADs as 'Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) And Similar Transboundary animal diseases' (FAST diseases). FAST diseases are ruminant infections caused by viruses, for which vaccination is a control option. The EuFMD hold-FAST strategy aims primarily at addressing the threat represented by FAST diseases for Europe. Prevention and control of FAST diseases might benefit from assessing the role of wildlife. We reviewed the role of wildlife as indicators, victims, bridge hosts or maintenance hosts for the six TADs included in the EuFMD hold-FAST strategy: FMD, peste des petits ruminants, lumpy skin disease, sheep and goatpox, Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever. We observed that wildlife can act as indicator species. In addition, they are occasionally victims of disease outbreaks, and they are often relevant for disease management as either bridge or maintenance hosts. Wildlife deserves to become a key component of future integrated surveillance and disease control strategies in an ever-changing world. It is advisable to increase our knowledge on wildlife roles in relevant TADs to improve our preparedness in case of an outbreak in previously disease-free regions, where wildlife may be significant for disease surveillance and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gortázar
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Nova
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Germán Cáceres
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tseng HH, Huang WR, Cheng CY, Chiu HC, Liao TL, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Aspirin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Riboside Attenuate Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Replication by Inhibiting BEFV-Induced Autophagy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556838. [PMID: 33329515 PMCID: PMC7732683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent study in our laboratory has demonstrated that BEFV-induced autophagy via activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways and suppression of the PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway is beneficial for virus replication. In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway. AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection. Our findings reveal that inhibition of BEFV-induced autophagy by AICAR is independent of AMPK. Furthermore, we found that AICAR transcriptionally downregulates the ATG related genes ULK1, Beclin 1, and LC3 and enhances Atg7 degradation by the proteasome pathway. Aspirin suppresses virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy. It directly suppressed the NF-κB pathway and reversed the BEFV-activated Src/JNK pathway at the early stage of infection and reversed the BEFV-suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the late stage of infection. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of aspirin and AICAR on BEFV replication through suppression of BEFV-induced autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Hung Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Madhav M, Baker D, Morgan JAT, Asgari S, James P. Wolbachia: A tool for livestock ectoparasite control. Vet Parasitol 2020; 288:109297. [PMID: 33248417 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasites and livestock-associated insects are a major concern throughout the world because of their economic and welfare impacts. Effective control is challenging and relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides and acaricides. Wolbachia, an arthropod and nematode-infecting, maternally-transmitted endosymbiont is currently of widespread interest for use in novel strategies for the control of a range of arthropod-vectored human diseases and plant pests but to date has received only limited consideration for use in the control of diseases of veterinary concern. Here, we review the currently available information on Wolbachia in veterinary ectoparasites and disease vectors, consider the feasibility for use of Wolbachia in the control of livestock pests and diseases and highlight critical issues which need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Madhav
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalton Baker
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jess A T Morgan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kun J, Rongrong J, Xiangbin W, Yan Z, Yiping D, Gang L, Pei Z, Shoujun L. Genetic characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus in southern China, 2013-2017. Virus Genes 2020; 56:390-395. [PMID: 32030575 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) can cause bovine ephemeral fever and is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. To expand the knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of BEFV in southern China, the complete surface glycoprotein G gene of BEFV was sequenced from samples collected in five restricted outbreaks from 2013 to 2017, namely 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, 11082-2016, and qy2017. It was noted that both 2014HM and 11082-2016 were detected in cattle regularly vaccinated with inactivated vaccine. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all five strains grouped into cluster I. However, qy2017 was closer to the BEFV strains identified in Thailand, Japan, and Taiwan after 2000, while 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, and 11082-2016 were closer to the Chinese strains in 2011 and the Turkey strains in 2012. The analysis of antigenic sites indicated that several amino acid changes occurred between the five strains and the vaccine strain. Importantly, one novel amino acid mutation site was observed in the putative N-linked glycosylation sites of 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, and 11082-2016. Our study indicated novel genetic characteristics of the newly emerging BEFV strains in southern China and the necessity of updating the component of commercially available inactivated BEFV vaccines in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Rongrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangbin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou Yiping
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shoujun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Isolate from Israel. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/41/e00822-19. [PMID: 31601661 PMCID: PMC6787318 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00822-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the first complete genome of a bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate from an infected bovine in Israel. The genome shares 95.3% identity with a Turkish genomic sequence but contains α3 and γ open reading frames that are truncated compared to those of existing BEFV genome sequences.
Collapse
|
16
|
Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B, Harbach RE. A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Trop 2019; 194:106-122. [PMID: 30898616 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are the most significant arthropods of medical importance because of the burden of diseases, such as malaria, encephalitis and filariasis, which are caused by pathogens and parasites they transmit to humans. In 2007, the most recently published checklist of Iranian mosquitoes included 64 species representing seven genera. Public databases were searched to the end of August 2018 for publications concerning the diseases in Iran caused by mosquito-borne pathogens. Pertinent information was extracted and analyzed, and the checklist of Iranian mosquitoes was updated. Six arboviral diseases, two bacterial diseases, four helminthic diseases and two protozoal diseases occur in Iran. The agents of these diseases are biologically or mechanically known or assumed to be transmitted by mosquitoes. The updated checklist of Iranian mosquitoes includes 69 species representing seven or 11 genera depending on the generic classification of aedines. There is no published information about the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the causal agents of avian malaria, avian pox, bovine ephemeral fever, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever, Sindbis fever, Deraiophoronema evansi infection, lymphatic filariasis, anthrax and tularemia in Iran. There is just one imported case of lymphatic filariasis, which is not endemic in the country. It seems arthropods do not play an important role in the epidemiology of anthrax and ixodid ticks are the main vectors of the tularemia bacterium. In view of the recent finding of only a few adults and larvae of Aedes albopictus in southeastern Iran and the absence of Ae. aegypti, it is not possible to infer the indigenous transmission of the dengue fever virus in Iran. Considering the importance of mosquito-borne diseases in the country, it is necessary to improve vector and vector-borne disease surveillance in order to apply the best integrated vector management interventions as a part of the One Health concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahyad Azari-Hamidian
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Behzad Norouzi
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ortega V, Stone JA, Contreras EM, Iorio RM, Aguilar HC. Addicted to sugar: roles of glycans in the order Mononegavirales. Glycobiology 2019; 29:2-21. [PMID: 29878112 PMCID: PMC6291800 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a biologically important protein modification process by which a carbohydrate chain is enzymatically added to a protein at a specific amino acid residue. This process plays roles in many cellular functions, including intracellular trafficking, cell-cell signaling, protein folding and receptor binding. While glycosylation is a common host cell process, it is utilized by many pathogens as well. Protein glycosylation is widely employed by viruses for both host invasion and evasion of host immune responses. Thus better understanding of viral glycosylation functions has potential applications for improved antiviral therapeutic and vaccine development. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the broad biological functions of glycans for the Mononegavirales, an order of enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of high medical importance that includes Ebola, rabies, measles and Nipah viruses. We discuss glycobiological findings by genera in alphabetical order within each of eight Mononegavirales families, namely, the bornaviruses, filoviruses, mymonaviruses, nyamiviruses, paramyxoviruses, pneumoviruses, rhabdoviruses and sunviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ortega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Stone
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erik M Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald M Iorio
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cripps JK, Pacioni C, Scroggie MP, Woolnough AP, Ramsey DSL. Introduced deer and their potential role in disease transmission to livestock in Australia. Mamm Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma K. Cripps
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Michael P. Scroggie
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Andrew P. Woolnough
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources; 475 Mickleham Road Attwood Vic. 3049 Australia
| | - David S. L. Ramsey
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B. A Checklist of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Guilan Province and their Medical and Veterinary Importance. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/cjhr.3.3.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
20
|
Lehiy CJ, Reister-Hendricks LM, Ruder MG, McVey DS, Drolet BS. Physiological and immunological responses to Culicoides sonorensis blood-feeding: a murine model. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:358. [PMID: 29925422 PMCID: PMC6011595 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematophagous Culicoides spp. biting midges are of great agricultural importance as livestock, equine, and wildlife pests and as vectors of the orbiviruses bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease and African horse sickness. To obtain a blood meal, midges deposit saliva containing allergens, proteases, and anti-hemostatic factors, into the dermis to facilitate feeding. Infected midges deposit virus along with the myriad of salivary proteins during feeding. The extreme efficiency with which midges are able to transmit orbiviruses is not clearly understood, as much is still unknown about the physiological trauma of the bite and immune responses to saliva deposited during feeding. Of particular interest are the first few hours and days after the bite; a critical time period for any midge-transmitted virus to quickly establish a localized infection and disseminate, while avoiding the hosts’ immune responses. Results A mouse-midge feeding model using colonized Culicoides sonorensis midges was used to characterize innate mammalian immune responses to blood-feeding. Histological analysis of skin, and cellular and cytokine profiles of draining lymph nodes show Culicoides midge feeding elicited a potent pro-inflammatory Th-mediated cellular response with significant mast cell activation, subcutaneous hematomas, hypodermal edema and dermal capillary vasodilation, and rapid infiltration of leukocytes to the bite sites. Mast cell degranulation, triggered by bite trauma and specifically by midge saliva, was key to physiological and immunological responses and the ability of midges to feed to repletion. Conclusions Midge feeding causes physiological and immunological responses that would be highly favorable for rapid infection and systemic dissemination orbiviruses if delivered during blood-feeding. Recruitment of leukocytic cells to bitten skin brings susceptible cell populations in proximity of deposited virus within hours of feeding. Infected cells would drain to lymph nodes, which become hyperplastic in response to saliva, and result in robust viral replication in expanding cell populations and dissemination via the lymph system. Additionally, saliva-induced vasodilation and direct breaches in dermal capillaries by biting mouthparts exposes susceptible vascular endothelial cells, thereby providing immediate sites of virus replication and a dissemination route via the circulatory system. This research provides insights into the efficiency of Culicoides midges as orbivirus vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lehiy
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Lindsey M Reister-Hendricks
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou P, Zhao G, He C, Wang H, He H. Biopanning of polypeptides binding to bovine ephemeral fever virus G 1 protein from phage display peptide library. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:3. [PMID: 29301517 PMCID: PMC5753476 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) glycoprotein neutralization site 1 (also referred as G1 protein), is a critical protein responsible for virus infectivity and eliciting immune-protection, however, binding peptides of BEFV G1 protein are still unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to screen specific polypeptides, which bind BEFV G1 protein with high-affinity and inhibit BEFV replication. Methods The purified BEFV G1 was coated and then reacted with the M13-based Ph.D.-7 phage random display library. The peptides for target binding were automated sequenced after four rounds of enrichment biopanning. The amino acid sequences of polypeptide displayed on positive clones were deduced and the affinity of positive polypeptides with BEFV G1 was assayed by ELISA. Then the roles of specific G1-binding peptides in the context of BEFV infection were analyzed. Results The results showed that 27 specific peptide ligands displaying 11 different amino acid sequences were obtained, and the T18 and T25 clone had a higher affinity to G1 protein than the other clones. Then their antiviral roles of two phage clones (T25 and T18) showed that both phage polypeptide T25 and T18 exerted inhibition on BEFV replication compared to control group. Moreover, synthetic peptide based on T18 (HSIRYDF) and T25 (YSLRSDY) alone or combined use on BEFV replication showed that the synthetic peptides could effectively inhibit the formation of cytopathic plaque and significantly inhibit BEFV RNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Two antiviral peptide ligands binding to bovine ephemeral fever virus G1 protein from phage display peptide library were identified, which may provide a potential research tool for diagnostic reagents and novel antiviral agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1315-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou P, Zhao G, Wang H, He C, Huan Y, He H. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral-flow dipstick assay for detection of bovine ephemeral fever virus. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 38:31-37. [PMID: 29288049 PMCID: PMC7126596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), identified as the causative pathogen of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), is responsible for increasing numbers of epidemics/outbreaks and has a significant harmful effect on the livestock industry. Therefore, a rapid detection assay is imperative for BEFV diagnosis. In this study, we described the development of lateral-flow dipstick isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (LFD-RPA) assays for detection of BEFV. RPA primers and LF probes were designed by targeting the specific G gene, and the amplification product can be visualized on a simple lateral flow dipstick with the naked eyes. The amplification reaction was performed at 38 °C for 20 min and LFD incubation time within 5 min. The detection limit of this assay was 8 copies per reaction, and there was no cross-reactivity with other bovine infectious viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, bovine vesicular stomatitis virus. In addition, the assay was performed with total 128 clinical specimens and the diagnostic results were compared with conventional RT-PCR, real-time quantative(q) PCR. The result showed that the coincidence rate of BEFV LFD-RPA and real-time qPCR was 96.09% (123/128), which was higher than conventional RT-PCR. The RPA combined with LFD assay probably provides a rapid and sensitive alternative for diagnosis of BEFV infections outbreak. RPA combined with LFD assay was developed first time to detect BEFV. The detection from cDNA could be completed within 30 min and be easily visualized with the naked eyes. The RPA combined with LFD assay probably provides a alternative for diagnosis of BEFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Chengqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanjun Huan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abayli H, Tonbak S, Azkur AK, Bulut H. Complete genome analysis of highly pathogenic bovine ephemeral fever virus isolated in Turkey in 2012. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3233-3238. [PMID: 28674863 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Relatively high prevalence and mortality rates of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) have been reported in recent epidemics in some countries, including Turkey, when compared with previous outbreaks. A limited number of complete genome sequences of BEF virus (BEFV) are available in the GenBank Database. In this study, the complete genome of highly pathogenic BEFV isolated during an outbreak in Turkey in 2012 was analyzed for genetic characterization. The complete genome of the Turkish BEFV isolate was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. It was found that the complete genome of the Turkish BEFV isolate was 14,901 nt in length. The complete genome sequence obtained from the study showed 91-92% identity at nucleotide level to Australian (BB7721) and Chinese (Bovine/China/Henan1/2012) BEFV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the glycoprotein gene of the Turkish BEFV isolate also showed that Turkish isolates were closely related to Israeli isolates. Because of the limited number of complete BEFV genome sequences, the results from this study will be useful for understanding the global molecular epidemiology and geodynamics of BEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Abayli
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sukru Tonbak
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kursat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71450, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Bulut
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryabov EV. Invertebrate RNA virus diversity from a taxonomic point of view. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:37-50. [PMID: 27793741 PMCID: PMC7094257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates are hosts to diverse RNA viruses that have all possible types of encapsidated genomes (positive, negative and ambisense single stranded RNA genomes, or a double stranded RNA genome). These viruses also differ markedly in virion morphology and genome structure. Invertebrate RNA viruses are present in three out of four currently recognized orders of RNA viruses: Mononegavirales, Nidovirales, and Picornavirales, and 10 out of 37 RNA virus families that have yet to be assigned to an order. This mini-review describes general properties of the taxonomic groups, which include invertebrate RNA viruses on the basis of their current classification by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V Ryabov
- ER Healthcare Consulting Ltd., Poundgate Lane, Coventry CV4 8HJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Erster O, Stram R, Menasherow S, Rubistein-Giuni M, Sharir B, Kchinich E, Stram Y. High-resolution melting (HRM) for genotyping bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Virus Res 2017; 229:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
26
|
Chung YC, Shen HY, Cheng LT, Liu SS, Chu CY. Effectiveness of a BHV-1/BEFV bivalent vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:161-165. [PMID: 27892866 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) causes acute febrile respiratory diseases (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, IBR), decreased milk production, weight loss and abortion. Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) causes acute febrile respiratory disease, with pulmonary emphysema and pulmonary edema as the main signs. These viruses infect domesticated herds and lead to significant economic losses. In our previous study, an inactivated BHV-1 and BEFV bivalent vaccine was formulated with water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant, and vaccine efficacy was evaluated in guinea pigs. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the bivalent vaccine in cattle. Results showed that immunized cattle had a significantly higher level of total anti-BHV-1 antibody response (S/P ratio of 12.7) than the control group (S/P ratio of 0.07) 32weeks post-vaccination. The immunized group also showed higher neutralizing antibody levels against BHV-1 (SN=23.8) and BEFV (SN=24.6) than the control group (SN<2) 4 to 32weeks post-vaccination (p<0.05). In a BHV-1 challenge experiment, immunized cattle showed low virus shedding (101.2TCID50/mL) and a significant reduction in pathological lesion scores (p<0.01). In conclusion, the BHV-1+BEFV+w/o/w vaccine not only improved long-term antibody immune response but also significantly reduced clinical signs in a BHV-1 challenge experiment. Our approach may be feasible for developing an effective vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 1 and bovine ephemeral fever virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Yen Shen
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shyh-Shyan Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barigye R, Davis S, Hunt R, Hunt N, Walsh S, Elliott N, Burnup C, Aumann S, Day C, Dyrting K, Weir R, Melville LF. Viral neurotropism, peripheral neuropathy and other morphological abnormalities in bovine ephemeral fever virus-infected downer cattle. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:362-70. [PMID: 27671080 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the neurotropism of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus (BEFV) and described histomorphological abnormalities of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that may causally contribute to paresis or paralysis in BEF. METHODS Four paralysed and six asymptomatic but virus-infected cattle were monitored, and blood and serum samples screened by qRT-PCR, virus isolation and neutralisation tests. Fresh brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve and other tissues were qRT-PCR-tested for viral RNA, while formalin-fixed specimens were processed routinely and immunohistochemically evaluated for histomorphological abnormalities and viral antigen distribution, respectively. RESULTS The neurotropism of BEFV was immunohistochemically confirmed in the brain and peripheral nerves and peripheral neuropathy was demonstrated in three paralysed but not the six aneurological but virus-infected animals. Wallerian degeneration (WD) was present in the ventral funicular white matter of the lumbar spinal cord of a paralysed steer and in cervical and thoracic spinal cord segments of three paralysed animals. Although no spinal cord lesions were seen in the steer euthanased within 7 days of illness, peripheral neuropathy was present and more severe in nerves of the brachial plexuses than in the gluteal or fibular nerves. The only steer with WD in the lumbar spinal cord also showed intrahistiocytic cell viral antigen that was spatially distributed within areas of moderate brain stem encephalitis. CONCLUSION The data confirmed neurotropism of BEFV in cattle and documented histomorphological abnormalities in peripheral nerves and brain which, together with spinal cord lesions, may contribute to chronic paralysis in BEFV-infected downer cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Barigye
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia. ,
| | - S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - R Hunt
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - N Hunt
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - S Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - N Elliott
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - C Burnup
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - S Aumann
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - C Day
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - K Dyrting
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - R Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - L F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hayama Y, Moriguchi S, Yanase T, Suzuki M, Niwa T, Ikemiyagi K, Nitta Y, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi S, Murai K, Tsutsui T. Epidemiological analysis of bovine ephemeral fever in 2012-2013 in the subtropical islands of Japan. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:47. [PMID: 26956227 PMCID: PMC4784302 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a febrile disease of cattle that is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges. An outbreak of BEF recently occurred in Ishigaki Island and surrounding islands that are located southwest of Japan. In this study, an epidemiological analysis was conducted to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of the outbreak. Factors associated with the disease spread within Ishigaki Island were investigated by hierarchical Bayesian models. The possibility of between-island transmission by windborne vectors and transmission by long-distance migration of infected vectors were examined using atmospheric dispersion models. Results In September 2012, the first case of the disease was detected in the western part of Ishigaki Island. In 1 month, it had rapidly spread to the southern part of the island and to surrounding islands, and led to 225 suspected cases of BEF during the outbreak. The dispersion model demonstrated the high possibility of between-island transmission by wind. Spatial analysis showed that paddy fields, farmlands, and slope gradients had a significant impact on the 1-km cell-level incidence risk. These factors may have influenced the habitats and movements of the vectors with regard to the spread of BEF. A plausible incursion event of infected vectors from Southeast Asia to Ishigaki Island was estimated to have occurred at the end of August. Conclusion This study revealed that the condition of a terrain and land use significantly influenced disease transmission. These factors are important in assessing favorable environments for related vectors. The results of the dispersion model indicated the likely transmission of the infected vectors by wind on the local scale and on the long-distance scale. These findings would be helpful for developing a surveillance program and developing preventive measures against BEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Moriguchi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,Department of Environmental Science Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan. .,Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Niwa
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshiki Nitta
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Sota Kobayashi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Kiyokazu Murai
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zaghawa A, Housawi FMT, Al-Naeem A, Al-Nakhly H, Kamr A, Toribio R. Risk analysis and seroprevalence of bovine ephemeral fever virus in cattle in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:487-92. [PMID: 26676243 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that causes disabling clinical signs and major economic losses in cattle and water buffalo. The disease is well documented in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East; however, the seroprevalence of BEFV in different regions and bovine breeds in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors which affect the prevalence of antibodies against BEFV in small herds of cattle in four geographical regions of KSA. A total of 1480 serum samples from non-BEFV vaccinated small herds of cattle were collected from the Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh regions (370 samples per region) during the summer of 2010. Serum neutralization test was used to detect antibodies against BEFV. There was a significant effect of region, breed, sex, and age on the seroprevalence of BEFV. Seropositive ratios were 18, 18, 26, and 12 % for the Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh regions, respectively (P = 0.00002); 23.2 % for dairy and 13.7 % for non-dairy breeds (P = 0.00004); 24.4 % for males and 14.6 % for females (P = 0.00004); and 15.4, 29.1, and 11.4 % for animals <1 year, 1-3 years, and >3 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Risk analysis showed a significant effect of different regions of KSA on the seroprevalence of BEFV. Host risk factors (age, sex, and breed) showed also a significant effect on the seroprevalence of BEFV. This indicates active circulation of this virus in small herds of cattle. Insect control strategies and BEFV vaccination programs during the spring are recommended to reduce the spread of BEFV and minimize subsequent economic losses as this is adopted in many enzootic countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaghawa
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
| | - Fadhel Mohamed Taher Housawi
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Al-Naeem
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Al-Nakhly
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamr
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Toribio
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
New genetic mechanism, origin and population dynamic of bovine ephemeral fever virus. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:50-6. [PMID: 26711028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is a typical species of the genusEphemerovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. Today, prevailing BEFV can be divided into three phylogeographic lineages, East Asia, Mideast, and Australia. In this study, we provide evidence that the whole East Asia lineage originates from a homologous recombination (HR) between the Mideast and Australia lineages that probably occurred in the 1940s. To our knowledge, HR has not been proposed before as the genetic mechanism of BEFV. According to the HR event and Bayesian estimation, the three BEFV lineages might originate from Africa, and may have spread to Asia and Australia through the Mideast. In addition, the population of the virus may have augmented significantly in the 2000s, suggesting that the risk for outbreaks of BEFV may be high at present.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ting LJ, Lee MS, Lin YL, Cheng MC, Lee F. Invasion of exotic bovine ephemeral fever virus into Taiwan in 2013-2014. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:15-7. [PMID: 26711023 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus is a member of the family Rhabdoviridae and bovine ephemeral fever has frequently affected cattle population in Taiwan since 1967. During the outbreaks in 2013 and 2014, exotic bovine ephemeral fever viruses were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Sequence comparison showed that the exotic viruses shared 99.0-99.4% nucleotide identities (99.4-100.0% amino acid identities) with Chinese viruses and, on the contrary, 96.2-97.2% nucleotide identities (97.8-98.6% amino acid identities) with indigenous Taiwanese viruses. Additionally, our phylogenetic analysis also supported that the newly invaded bovine ephemeral fever viruses were closely related to the Chinese strains. These exotic 2013-2014 viruses have become prevalent and displaced indigenous virus strains since their appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jen Ting
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Liang Lin
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Cheng
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Fan Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A novel rhabdovirus isolated from the straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum, with signs of antibodies in swine and humans. J Virol 2015; 89:4588-97. [PMID: 25673701 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02932-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bats have been implicated as reservoirs of emerging viruses. Bat species forming large social groups and roosting in proximity to human communities are of particular interest. In this study, we sampled a colony of ca. 350,000 individuals of the straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum in Kumasi, the second largest city of Ghana. A novel rhabdovirus (Kumasi rhabdovirus [KRV]) was isolated in E. helvum cell cultures and passaged to Vero cells as well as interferon-competent human and primate cells (A549 and MA104). Genome composition was typical for a rhabdovirus. KRV was detected in 5.1% of 487 animals, showing association with the spleen but not the brain. Antibody prevalence was 11.5% by immunofluorescence and 6.4% by plaque reduction virus neutralization test (PRNT). Detection throughout 3 sampling years was pronounced in both annual wet seasons, of which only one overlaps the postparturition season. Juvenile bats showed increased viral prevalence. No evidence of infection was obtained in 1,240 female mosquitos (6 different genera) trapped in proximity to the colony to investigate potential vector association. Antibodies were found in 28.9% (5.4% by PRNT) of 107 swine sera but not in similarly large collections of sheep, goat, or cattle sera. The antibody detection rate in human subjects with occupational exposure to the bat colony was 11% (5/45 persons), which was significantly higher than in unexposed adults (0.8% [1/118]; chi square, P < 0.001). KRV is a novel bat-associated rhabdovirus potentially transmitted to humans and swine. Disease associations should be investigated. IMPORTANCE Bats are thought to carry a huge number of as-yet-undiscovered viruses that may pose epidemic threats to humans and livestock. Here we describe a novel dimarhabdovirus which we isolated from a large colony of the straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum in Ghana. As these animals are exposed to humans and several livestock species, we looked for antibodies indicating infection in humans, cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. Signs of infection were found in swine and humans, with increased antibody findings in humans who are occupationally exposed to the bat colony. Our data suggest that it is worthwhile to look for diseases caused by the novel virus in humans and livestock.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheng CY, Huang WR, Chi PI, Chiu HC, Liu HJ. Cell entry of bovine ephemeral fever virus requires activation of Src-JNK-AP1 and PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways as well as Cox-2-mediated PGE2/EP receptor signalling to enhance clathrin-mediated virus endocytosis. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:967-87. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Pei-I Chi
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dik B, Muz D, Muz MN, Uslu U. The geographical distribution and first molecular analysis of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in the Southern and Southeastern Turkey during the 2012 outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4225-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Ting LJ, Lee MS, Lee SH, Tsai HJ, Lee F. Relationships of bovine ephemeral fever epizootics to population immunity and virus variation. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:241-8. [PMID: 25175802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is an arthropod-borne bovine viral disease caused by infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus which belongs to genus Ephemerovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. In this study, serological data and virological information about the disease and the virus, spanning from 2001 to 2013, were employed to analyze the relationships of bovine ephemeral fever epizootics to population immunity and virus variation. National and regional surveillance data indicated that 2 of the 3 major epizootics and 87% regional outbreaks were associated with lower neutralizing antibody titers and immunity coverage, reflecting the importance of population immunity for the control of bovine ephemeral fever. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison demonstrated that Taiwanese bovine ephemeral fever viruses were >96.0% and >97.6% similar to the East Asian isolates in nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. These analyses supported that the Taiwanese viruses shared the same gene pool with the strains of the other East Asian countries, mainly Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jen Ting
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hwae Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Fan Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rückert C, Bell-Sakyi L, Fazakerley JK, Fragkoudis R. Antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances. Virusdisease 2014; 25:249-60. [PMID: 25674592 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges and sand flies, transmit many viruses that can cause outbreaks of disease in humans and animals around the world. Arthropod vector species are invading new areas due to globalisation and environmental changes, and contact between exotic animal species, humans and arthropod vectors is increasing, bringing with it the regular emergence of new arboviruses. For future strategies to control arbovirus transmission, it is important to improve our understanding of virus-vector interactions. In the last decade knowledge of arthropod antiviral immunity has increased rapidly. RNAi has been proposed as the most important antiviral response in mosquitoes and it is likely to be the most important antiviral response in all arthropods. However, other newly-discovered antiviral strategies such as melanisation and the link between RNAi and the JAK/STAT pathway via the cytokine Vago have been characterised in the last few years. This review aims to summarise the most important and most recent advances made in arthropod antiviral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rückert
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK ; The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Ertürk A, Çizmeci ŞG, Koç BT, Akça Y. A Report on Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in Turkey: Antigenic Variations of Different Strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 Outbreaks Using Partial Glycoprotein Gene Sequences. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:e66-70. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ç. Oğuzoğlu
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - A. Ertürk
- Department of Virus Diagnostic; Etlik Veterinary Control and Research Institute; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ş. G. Çizmeci
- Department of Virus Diagnostic; Etlik Veterinary Control and Research Institute; Ankara Turkey
| | - B. T. Koç
- Department of Virology; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - Y. Akça
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tonbak S, Berber E, Yoruk MD, Azkur AK, Pestil Z, Bulut H. A large-scale outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in Turkey, 2012. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1511-4. [PMID: 23800972 PMCID: PMC3942977 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional cases of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were documented previously in Turkey.
Previous cases were confirmed in South-East Turkey with low cow mortality. Recent
BEF-suspected outbreaks with high mortality were documented in many regions of Turkey in
2012. The aim of study was the epidemiological examination of the outbreak and molecular
characterization of the viruses detected from the outbreak. For this reason, blood samples
were collected from BEF-suspected outbreak regions. From the results of RT-PCR, high rate
of BEF-suspected samples (48/60 or 80%) was found positive for BEF virus (BEFV) RNA. The
nucleotide sequences of the G1 region of G gene of BEFV in the current study
during the 2012 outbreak were grouped into cluster II of BEFV. It was suggested that BEFV
may be spread out to other neighbor countries in the future years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Tonbak
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110 Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bovine ephemeral fever virus uses a clathrin-mediated and dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis pathway that requires Rab5 and Rab7 as well as microtubules. J Virol 2012; 86:13653-61. [PMID: 23055561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01073-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific cell pathways involved in bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) cell entry have not been determined. In this work, colocalization of the M protein of BEFV with clathrin or dynamin 2 was observed under a fluorescence microscope. To better understand BEFV entry, we carried out internalization studies with a fluorescently labeled BEFV by using a lipophilic dye, 3,30-dilinoleyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), further suggesting that BEFV uses a clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Our results suggest that clathrin-mediated and dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis is an important avenue of BEFV entry. Suppression of Rab5 or Rab7a through the use of a Rab5 dominant negative mutant and Rab7a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated that BEFV requires both early and late endosomes for endocytosis and subsequent infection in MDBK and Vero cells. Treatment of BEFV-infected cells with nocodazole significantly decreased the M protein synthesis and viral yield, indicating that microtubules play an important role in BEFV productive infection, likely by mediating trafficking of BEFV-containing endosomes. Furthermore, BEFV infection was strongly blocked by different inhibitors of endosomal acidification, suggesting that virus enters host cells by clathrin-mediated and dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern Europe. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:719402. [PMID: 22219660 PMCID: PMC3246798 DOI: 10.1155/2012/719402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. Their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. The early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. Although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to highlight those diseases that primarily affect livestock, although many are zoonotic and some occasionally cause human mortality. This paper also highlights the molecular detection methods specific to each virus and identifies those emerging diseases for which a rapid detection methods are not yet developed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yeruham I, Van Ham M, Stram Y, Friedgut O, Yadin H, Mumcuoglu KY, Braverman Y. Epidemiological investigation of bovine ephemeral Fever outbreaks in Israel. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814543 PMCID: PMC2931382 DOI: 10.4061/2010/290541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. The main patterns of BEF spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the BEF virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the Rift Valley and the Red Sea. In the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern Mediterranean coastal plain and the disease agent was apparently brought by infected mosquitoes carried from their breeding site in the Nile Delta by the south-western winds. The disease broke out under optimal ecological conditions, among a vulnerable cattle population and spread rapidly; it showed essentially a spring-summer herd incidence and terminated soon after the night average ambient temperature fell below 16°C in late autumn. The herd incidence of the disease reached 78.4%, 97.7%, and 100% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The highest herd incidence, morbidity, and case fatality rates were noted in dairy cattle herds in the Jordan Valley, with morbidity of 20%, 38.6%, and 22.2%, and case fatality rate among affected animals of 2%, 8.6%, and 5.4% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The average sero-positivity to BEF in 1999 was 39.5%, which matched the morbidity rate. Comparison among the various age groups showed that the lowest morbidity rates were observed in the youngest age group, that is, heifers up to 1 year, with 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.2% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. In heifers from 1 year to calving, the morbidity rates were 13.8%, 14.9%, and 28%, respectively, in first calvers 30.8%, 31.6%, and 28.3%, respectively, and in cows 34.3%, 35.7%, and 27.2%, respectively. All affected cattle were over the age of 3 months. It is hypothesized that mosquitoes and not Culicoides spp. are the vectors of the BEF virus in Israel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Yeruham
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ji WT, Wang YC, Lin FL, Liao MH, Shih WL, Liu HJ. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR but not Akt enhance replication of bovine ephemeral fever virus. Vet J 2010; 187:119-23. [PMID: 20074986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses (NNSVs) depend on Akt (protein kinase B) for efficient replication. Infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) increases Akt phosphorylation. This study examined the effect of inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling on BEFV replication, since PI3K is the major upstream regulator of Akt. Treatment of BEFV-infected cells with two specific PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) enhanced replication of BEFV when compared to the effects of Akt inhibitors III and IV. BEFV antagonised the effects of PI3K inhibitors on Akt dephosphorylation. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin also enhanced replication of BEFV. The results provide evidences that inhibition of PI3K and mTOR has positive effects on replication of BEFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen T Ji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen CY, Chang CY, Liu HJ, Liao MH, Chang CI, Hsu JL, Shih WL. Apoptosis induction in BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells through Src-dependent JNK activation regulates caspase-3 and mitochondria pathways. Vet Res 2009; 41:15. [PMID: 19846041 PMCID: PMC2785050 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous report demonstrated that bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected cultured cells could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. This study aims to further elucidate how BEFV activates the caspase cascade in bovine cells. BEFV replicated and induced apoptosis in Vero and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and a kinetic study showed a higher efficiency of replication and a greater apoptosis induction ability of BEFV in Vero cells. Src and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 inhibitor, alleviated BEFV-mediated cytopathic effect and apoptosis. In BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells, BEFV directly induced Src tyrosine-418 phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation and kinase activity, which was inhibited specifically by SU6656 and SP600125, respectively. The caspase cascade and its downstream effectors, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DFF45, were also activated simultaneously upon BEFV infection. In addition, cytochrome c, but not Smac/DIABLO, was released gradually from mitochondria after BEFV infection. SU6656 suppressed Src, JNK, and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage; SP600125 reduced JNK and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that a Src-dependent JNK signaling pathway plays a key role in BEFV-induced apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified in our study may provide useful information for the treatment of BEFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin CH, Shih WL, Lin FL, Hsieh YC, Kuo YR, Liao MH, Liu HJ. Bovine ephemeral fever virus-induced apoptosis requires virus gene expression and activation of Fas and mitochondrial signaling pathway. Apoptosis 2009; 14:864-77. [PMID: 19521777 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although induction of apoptosis by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in several cell lines has been previously demonstrated by our laboratory, less information is available on the process of BEFV-induced apoptosis in terms of cellular pathways and specific proteins involved. In order to determine the step in viral life cycle at which apoptosis of infected cells is triggered, chemical and physical agents were used to block viral infection. Treatment of BHK-21 infected cells with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or cells infected with UV-inactivated BEFV was seen to abrogate virus apoptosis induction, suggesting that virus uncoating and gene expression are required for the induction of apoptosis. Using soluble death receptors Fc:Fas chimera to block Fas signaling, BEFV-induced apoptosis was inhibited in cells. BEFV infection of BHK-21 cells results in the Fas-dependent activation of caspase 8 and cleavage of Bid. This initiated the dissipation of the membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c but not AIF or Smac/DIABLO from mitochondrial into cytoplasm leading to activation of caspase 9. Combined activation of the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways results in activation of the downstream effecter caspase 3 leading to cleavage of PARP. Fas-mediated BEFV-induced apoptosis could be suppressed by the overexpression of Bcl-2 or by treatment with caspase inhibitors and soluble death receptors Fc:Fas chimera. Taken together, this study provided first evidence demonstrating that BEFV-induced apoptosis requires viral gene expression and occurs through the activation of Fas and mitochondrion-mediated caspase-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shin YK, Oem JK, Yoon S, Hyun BH, Cho IS, Yoon SS, Song JY. Monitoring of Five Bovine Arboviral Diseases Transmitted by Arthropod Vectors in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2009.39.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Kyung Shin
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Disease Diagnostic Center, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sora Yoon
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bang-Hoon Hyun
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lim SI, Kweon CH, Tark DS, Kim SH, Yang DK. Sero-survey on Aino, Akabane, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Japanese encephalitis virus of cattle and swine in Korea. J Vet Sci 2007; 8:45-9. [PMID: 17322773 PMCID: PMC2872696 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne arboviruses produce mild to severe symptoms in domestic animals. Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus have been primarily attributed to reproductive disorders or febrile diseases in cattle, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is mainly associated with reproductive failures in swine. We investigated antibody titers from domestic swine against four bovine arboviruses (BEF, Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus) and from cattle against JEV in Korea. While the positive rates for Akabane and BEF were 37.4% and 15.7%, the positive incidence of Chuzan and Aino were relatively low, with positive rates of 3.04% and 0.4%, respectively, based on a virus neutralization assay. Antibody titers against more than one virus were also frequently detected in domestic swine. The incidence of JEV was 51.3% among domestic cattle. In addition, one positive case was detected in the thoracic fluids from 35 aborted calves, based on the hemagglutination inhibition test. Our results indicate that swine are susceptible hosts of bovine arboviruses without showing clinical symptoms in a natural environment. Moreover, we confirmed that JEV could be associated with reproductive failure in pregnant cattle, as were other vector-borne bovine arboviruses assessed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Lim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Anyang 430-824, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chuang ST, Ji WT, Chen YT, Lin CH, Hsieh YC, Liu HJ. Suppression of bovine ephemeral fever virus by RNA interference. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:84-7. [PMID: 17590446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) was used to suppress bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Plasmids expressing continuously shRNAs were used against G gene of BEFV to induce RNA interference in cultured cells. A GFP reporter assay was established to determine the efficiency and specificity of siRNA and the potential of BEFV to hamper RNAi. Two of five small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were shown to suppress BEFV. Suppression of the G gene of BEFV corresponded with reduction of viral plaques and progeny titer. The results suggest that RNAi has the potential for use in suppression of BEFV infection with possible therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue T Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yeruham I, Gur Y, Braverman Y. Retrospective epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in 1991 affecting dairy cattle herds on the Mediterranean coastal plain. Vet J 2007; 173:190-3. [PMID: 16314127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
From August to October 1991 bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred sporadically in two localities in Israel. The morbidity and mortality rates reached 2.6% and 0.1%, respectively. Only 12/50 dairy cattle herds were clinically infected with BEF in the dairy community. The total morbidity rate reached 0.8%. The lowest morbidity rate was recorded in young heifers (5.5%) and the highest in adult cows (75%). Only heifers over the age of three months were clinically affected. The spread of the disease apparently followed the local prevailing night winds, which blow from east to west, i.e., from the land toward the sea. The morbidity period lasted 61 days. The low incidence and morbidity rates were possibly due to the low virulence of the virus strain involved in the 1991 epidemic. Retrospective analysis indicates that vectors - apparently mosquitoes - infected with BEF virus could have been overwintering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Yeruham
- Hachaklait Gedera, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kuzmin IV, Hughes GJ, Rupprecht CE. Phylogenetic relationships of seven previously unclassified viruses within the family Rhabdoviridae using partial nucleoprotein gene sequences. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2323-2331. [PMID: 16847128 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of the rhabdoviruses Obodhiang (OBOV), Kotonkon (KOTV), Rochambeau (RBUV), Kern canyon (KCV), Mount Elgon bat (MEBV), Kolongo (KOLV) and Sandjimba (SJAV) were generated and their phylogenetic positions within the family Rhabdoviridae were determined. Both OBOV and KOTV were placed within the genus Ephemerovirus. RBUV was joined to the same cluster, but more distantly. MEBV and KCV were grouped into a monophyletic cluster (putative genus) with Oita virus (OITAV). These three viruses, originating from different regions of the world, were all isolated from insectivorous bats and may be specific for these mammals. African avian viruses KOLV and SJAV were joined to each other and formed another clade at the genus level. Further, they were grouped with the recently characterized rhabdovirus Tupaia virus (TRV). Although the genetic distance was great, the grouping was supported by consistent bootstrap values. This observation suggests that viruses of this group may be distributed widely in the Old World. Non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio estimations (d
N/d
S) using a partial N gene fragment (241 codons) for the three rhabdovirus genera revealed contrasting patterns of evolution, where d
N/d
S values follow the pattern Ephemerovirus > Vesiculovirus > Lyssavirus. The magnitude of this ratio corresponds well with the number of negatively selected codons. The accumulation of d
S appears evenly distributed along the gene fragment for all three genera. These estimations demonstrated clearly that lyssaviruses are subjected to the strongest constraints against amino acid substitutions, probably related to their particular niche and unique pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I V Kuzmin
- Rabies Union, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - G J Hughes
- Laboratory for Clinical and Molecular Virology, The University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK
| | - C E Rupprecht
- Rabies Union, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hsieh YC, Wang SY, Lee YF, Chen SH, Mak POT, Chu CY. DNA Sequence Analysis of Glycoprotein G Gene of Bovie Ephemeral Fever Virus and Development of a Double Oil Emulsion Vaccine against Bovine Ephemeral Fever. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:543-8. [PMID: 16820709 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface glycoprotein G is considered as the major neutralizing and protective antigen of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of G protein of BEFV isolates during the period 1984-2004 outbreaks in Taiwan showed amino acid substitutions in the neutralizing epitopes. All the isolates differ markedly in the neutralizing epitope at the same amino acid positions compared to the currently available killed vaccine strain (Tn73). Tn88128 strain isolated in 1999 showed the maximum variability of 12 amino acids, 5 amino acid in the neutralization epitope and 7 apart from, respectively. Combinations of both Tn88128 (1999) and commercially available vaccine strain (Tn73) were developed and its safety was evaluated in mice, guinea pigs, calves, and pregnant cows. None of the animals showed any adverse effect or clinical signs. Calves were immunized with commercial vaccine (Tn73) and, combined vaccine (Tn73 and Tn88128), respectively, with adjuvants such as Al-gel and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) oil and PBS alone and challenged with Tn88128 strains. Except PBS administered animals, all the vaccinated animals showed protective immune response. However, animals immunized with combined vaccine plus w/o/w adjuvant elicited stronger neutralization antibodies and long lasting immunity compared to other vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology No.1, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|