1
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Marín Viegas VS, Ocampo CG, Restucci FE, Vignolles F, Mazzini FN, Candreva ÁM, Petruccelli S. Synthesis of single-chain antibody fragment fused to the elastin-like polypeptide in Nicotiana benthamiana and its application in affinity precipitation of difficult to produce proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2505-2517. [PMID: 35689353 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plants are economical and sustainable factories for the production of recombinant proteins. Currently, numerous proteins produced using different plant-based systems with applications as cosmetic and tissue culture ingredients, research and diagnostic reagents, and industrial enzymes are marketed worldwide. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of a plant-based system to synthesize a single-chain antibody (scFv)-elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fusion to be applied as an affinity precipitation reagent of the difficult to produce recombinant proteins. We used the human tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the main celiac disease autoantigen, as a proof of concept. We cloned a TG2-specific scFv and fused it to a short hydrophobic ELP tag. The anti-TG2-scFv-ELP was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and was efficiently recovered by an inverse transition cycling procedure improved by coaggregation with bacteria-made free ELP. Finally, the scFv-ELP was used to purify both plant-synthesized human TG2 and also Caco-2-TG2. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time the usefulness of a plant-based expression system to produce an antibody-ELP fusion designed for the purification of low-yield proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa S Marín Viegas
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina G Ocampo
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando E Restucci
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Vignolles
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Flavia N Mazzini
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ángela M Candreva
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petruccelli
- CIDCA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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Velappan N, Close D, Hung LW, Naranjo L, Hemez C, DeVore N, McCullough DK, Lillo AM, Waldo GS, Bradbury ARM. Construction, characterization and crystal structure of a fluorescent single-chain Fv chimera. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 34:gzaa029. [PMID: 33586761 PMCID: PMC7901706 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro display technologies based on phage and yeast have a successful history of selecting single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against various targets. However, single-chain antibodies are often unstable and poorly expressed in Escherichia coli. Here, we explore the feasibility of converting scFv antibodies to an intrinsically fluorescent format by inserting the monomeric, stable fluorescent protein named thermal green, between the light- and heavy-chain variable regions. Our results show that the scTGP format maintains the affinity and specificity of the antibodies, improves expression levels, allows one-step fluorescent assay for detection of binding and is a suitable reagent for epitope binning. We also report the crystal structure of an scTGP construct that recognizes phosphorylated tyrosine on FcεR1 receptor of the allergy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileena Velappan
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Devin Close
- ARUP Laboratories, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Li-Wei Hung
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Leslie Naranjo
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Specifica Inc., Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Colin Hemez
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Natasha DeVore
- Chemistry Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Donna K McCullough
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Antonietta M Lillo
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Waldo
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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3
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Eddenden A, Kitova EN, Klassen JS, Nitz M. An Inactive Dispersin B Probe for Monitoring PNAG Production in Biofilm Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1204-1211. [PMID: 31917539 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine is a major extracellular matrix component in biofilms of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. We have leveraged the specificity of the biofilm-dispersing glycoside hydrolase Dispersin B (DspB) to generate a probe (Dispersin B PNAG probe, DiPP) for monitoring PNAG production and localization during biofilm formation. Mutation of the active site of Dispersin B gave DiPP, which was an effective probe despite its low affinity for PNAG oligosaccharides (KD ∼ 1-10 mM). Imaging of PNAG-dependent and -independent biofilms stained with a fluorescent-protein fusion of DiPP (GFP-DiPP) demonstrated the specificity of the probe for the structure of PNAG on both single-cell and biofilm levels, indicating a high local concentration of PNAG at the bacterial cell surface. Through quantitative bacterial cell binding assays and confocal microscopy analysis using GFP-DiPP, discrete areas of local high concentrations of PNAG were detected on the surface of early log phase cells. These distinct areas were seen to grow, slough from cells, and accumulate in interbacterial regions over the course of several cell divisions, showing the development of a PNAG-dependent biofilm. A potential helical distribution of staining was also noted, suggesting some degree of organization of PNAG production at the cell surface prior to cell aggregation. Together, these experiments shed light on the early stages of PNAG-dependent biofilm formation and demonstrate the value of a low-affinity-high-specificity probe for monitoring the production of bacterial exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eddenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John S. Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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4
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Sherin S, Balachandran S, Abraham A. Curcumin incorporated titanium dioxide nanoparticles as MRI contrasting agent for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis- rat model. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100090. [PMID: 32734023 PMCID: PMC7386685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is an excellent diagnostic technique for atherosclerosis in a non-invasive manner. Application of contrasting agents can improve its contrast through ionic properties. Macrophages and foam cells produce MCP-1 antibody, the sign of development of atherosclerosis. The work aims to develop novel curcumin incorporated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (CTNPs) conjugated with MCP-1 antibody with the specific targeting capability to macrophage-foam cells as contrasting agent for MRI. In vivo toxicity studies of Curcumin, TNPs and CTNPs were also done in Sprague dawley rats by GGT and ALP assays and found to be normal in comparison with control. Histopathology of aorta confirmed that the compound could not elicit a toxic effect in the target organ. Rats were fed with a high cholesterol diet to develop atherosclerotic foam cells and confirmed by Sudan IV staining and serum cholesterol level. CTNP-MCP-1 was injected into animals through tail vein and MRI scanning was done, gave contrasting images of atherosclerotic aorta in comparison with normal. Thus CTNPs can be used as a cost-effective contrasting tool for diagnosis of atherosclerosis at early stages in view of clinical imaging.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- Atherosclerosis
- CTNPs, Curcumin incorporated Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles
- Curcumin
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- EDAX, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
- FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
- GGT, Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase
- HDL, High Density Lipoproteins
- MCP-1, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein1
- MRI
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Macrophage
- SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope
- TC, Total Cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TNPs, Titanium dioxide Nanoparticle
- Titanium dioxide
- XRD, X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainulabdeen Sherin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
| | | | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
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Akiba H, Takayanagi K, Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T, Tsumoto K. Generation of biparatopic antibody through two-step targeting of fragment antibodies on antigen using SpyTag and SpyCatcher. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00418. [PMID: 31993343 PMCID: PMC6976922 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biparatopic fragment antibodies can overcome deficiencies in avidity of conventional antibody fragments. Here, we describe a technology for generating biparatopic antibodies through two-step targeting using a pair of polypeptides, SpyTag and SpyCatcher, that spontaneously react to form a covalent bond between antibody fragments. In this method, two antibody fragments, each targeting different epitopes of the antigen, are fused to SpyTag and to SpyCatcher. When the two polypeptides are serially added to the antigen, their proximity on the antigen results in covalent bond formation and generation of a biparatopic antibody. We validated the system with purified recombinant antigen. Results in antigen-overexpressing cells were promising although further optimization will be required. Because this strategy results in high-affinity targeting with a bipartite molecule that has considerably lower molecular weight than an antibody, this technology is potentially useful for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiba
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takayanagi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.,Department of Protein-protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugimachi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, 211-8533, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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6
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Yang X, Xie S, Yang X, Cueva JC, Hou X, Tang Z, Yao H, Mo F, Yin S, Liu A, Lu X. Opportunities and Challenges for Antibodies against Intracellular Antigens. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7792-7806. [PMID: 31695801 PMCID: PMC6831482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are one most significant advances in immunotherapy, the development of antibodies against disease-associated MHC-peptide complexes led to the introduction of TCR-like antibodies. TCR-like antibodies combine the recognition of intracellular proteins with the therapeutic potency and versatility of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), offering an unparalleled opportunity to expand the repertoire of therapeutic antibodies available to treat diseases like cancer. This review details the current state of TCR-like antibodies and describes their production, mechanisms as well as their applications. In addition, it presents an insight on the challenges that they must overcome in order to become commercially and clinically validated.
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7
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A novel nanobody and mimotope based immunoassay for rapid analysis of aflatoxin B1. Talanta 2018; 195:55-61. [PMID: 30625581 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mimotopes could replace mycotoxins and their conjugates to develop immunoassay methods. The mimotopes obtained by phage display technology were mainly using monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies as targets. However, the mimotope of recombinant antibody has not been selected and applied to immunoassay for mycotoxin. The purpose of this study was to prove that an immunoassay for mycotoxin could be developed based on both recombinant antibody and its mimotope. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model system, mimotopes of an aflatoxin nanobody Nb28 were screened by phage display. A rapid magnetic beads-based directed competitive ELISA (MB-dcELISA) was developed utilizing Nb28 and its mimotope ME17. The 50% inhibitory concentration and the detection limit of the MB-dcELISA were 0.75 and 0.13 ng/mL, respectively, with a linear range of 0.24-2.21 ng/mL. Further validation study indicated good recovery (84.2-116.2%) with low coefficient of variable (2.2%-15.9%) in spiked corn, rice, peanut, feedstuff, corn germ oil and peanut oil samples. The developed immunoassay based on nanobody and mimotope provides a new strategy for the monitoring of AFB1 and other toxic small molecular weight compounds.
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8
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Madrid R, de la Cruz S, García-García A, Alcocer MJ, González I, García T, Martín R. Multimeric recombinant antibody (scFv) for ELISA detection of allergenic walnut. An alternative to animal antibodies. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Bernedo-Navarro RA, Romão E, Yano T, Pinto J, De Greve H, Sterckx YGJ, Muyldermans S. Structural Basis for the Specific Neutralization of Stx2a with a Camelid Single Domain Antibody Fragment. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10030108. [PMID: 29494518 PMCID: PMC5869396 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a subset of pathogens leading to illnesses such as diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome and even death. The Shiga toxins are the main virulence factors and divided in two groups: Stx1 and Stx2, of which the latter is more frequently associated with severe pathologies in humans. RESULTS An immune library of nanobodies (Nbs) was constructed after immunizing an alpaca with recombinant Shiga toxin-2a B subunit (rStx2aB), to retrieve multiple rStx2aB-specific Nbs. The specificity of five Nbs towards rStx2aB was confirmed in ELISA and Western blot. Nb113 had the highest affinity (9.6 nM) and its bivalent construct exhibited a 100-fold higher functional affinity. The structure of the Nb113 in complex with rStx2aB was determined via X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of the Nb113-rStx2aB complex revealed that five copies of Nb113 bind to the rStx2aB pentamer and that the Nb113 epitope overlaps with the Gb3 binding site, thereby providing a structural basis for the neutralization of Stx2a by Nb113 that was observed on Vero cells. Finally, the tandem-repeated, bivalent Nb113₂ exhibits a higher toxin neutralization capacity compared to monovalent Nb113. CONCLUSIONS The Nb of highest affinity for rStx2aB is also the best Stx2a and Stx2c toxin neutralizing Nb, especially in a bivalent format. This lead Nb neutralizes Stx2a by competing for the Gb3 receptor. The fusion of the bivalent Nb113₂ with a serum albumin specific Nb is expected to combine high toxin neutralization potential with prolonged blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Alvin Bernedo-Navarro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Ema Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tomomasa Yano
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Joar Pinto
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural Molecular Microbiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yann G-J Sterckx
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Säll A, Corbee D, Vikström S, Ottosson F, Persson H, Waldemarson S. Advancing the immunoaffinity platform AFFIRM to targeted measurements of proteins in serum in the pg/ml range. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189116. [PMID: 29438379 PMCID: PMC5810979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great need for targeted protein assays with the capacity of sensitive measurements in complex samples such as plasma or serum, not the least for clinical purposes. Proteomics keeps generating hundreds of biomarker candidates that need to be transferred towards true clinical application through targeted verification studies and towards clinically applicable analysis formats. The immunoaffinity assay AFFIRM (AFFInity sRM) combines the sensitivity of recombinant single chain antibodies (scFv) for targeted protein enrichment with a specific mass spectrometry readout through selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in an automated workflow. Here we demonstrate a 100 times improved detection capacity of the assay down to pg/ml range through the use of oriented antibody immobilization to magnetic beads. This was achieved using biotin-tagged scFv coupled to streptavidin coated magnetic beads, or utilizing the FLAG tag for coupling to anti-FLAG antibody coated magnetic beads. An improved multiplexing capacity with an 11-plex setup was also demonstrated compared to a previous 3-plex setup, which is of great importance for the analysis of panels of biomarker targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Säll
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Corbee
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Vikström
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Filip Ottosson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Waldemarson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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11
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Hearty S, Leonard P, Ma H, O'Kennedy R. Measuring Antibody-Antigen Binding Kinetics Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:421-455. [PMID: 30196510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now widely embraced as a technology for monitoring a diverse range of protein-protein interactions and is considered almost de rigueur for characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. The technique obviates the need to label either of the interacting species, and the binding event is visualized in real time. Thus, it is ideally suited for screening crude, unpurified antibody samples that dominate early candidate panels following antibody selection campaigns. SPR returns not only concentration and affinity data but when used correctly can resolve the discrete component kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rate constants) of the affinity interaction. Herein, we outline some SPR-based generic antibody screening configurations and methodologies in the context of expediting data-rich ranking of candidate antibody panels and ensuring that antibodies with the optimal kinetic binding characteristics are reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hearty
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- Qatar Foundation and Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Zhao F, Wang H, Han X, Yang Z. Development and comparative study of chemosynthesized antigen and mimotope-based immunoassays for class-specific analysis of O,O-dimethyl organophosphorus pesticides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37640. [PMID: 27874102 PMCID: PMC5118688 DOI: 10.1038/srep37640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-residue determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is an important task due to the wide application and high toxicity of OPs. However, there is no promising immunoassay to monitor the multi-residue of O,O-dimethyl OPs. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a generic hapten of O,O-dimethyl OPs (O,O-dimethyl O-(3-carboxyphenyl)phosphorothioate) was prepared. To develop an effective class-specific immunoassay, two strategies were performed to select the appropriate coating antigen or competing antigen. On the one hand, a total of 20 haptens were chemosynthesized, attached to ovalbumin for use as coating antigen candidates, and selected by direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA). As a second strategy, mimotopes of the mAb were selected from a random phage-display peptide library by panning, and the optimum mimotope was expressed as a fusion protein and biotinylated in vitro. Based on the selected chemosynthesized coating antigen and the biotinylated mimotope fusion protein, two sensitive broad-specificity dcELISAs were developed. The sensitivity, selectivity and practicability of the two immunoassays were compared. The results demonstrated that both methods showed similar selectivity and sensitivity and were reliable for O,O-dimethyl OP residues screening. However, the screening operation of mimotopes was much simpler and safer compared to the preparation of chemosynthesized coating antigens.
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13
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Wang H, Zhao F, Han X, Yang Z. Production and characterization of a biotinylated single-chain variable fragment antibody for detection of parathion-methyl. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 126:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Säll A, Persson H, Ohlin M, Borrebaeck CAK, Wingren C. Advancing the global proteome survey platform by using an oriented single chain antibody fragment immobilization approach. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:503-13. [PMID: 26703809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the understanding of a proteome and how its protein composition is affected by for example different diseases, such as cancer, has the potential to improve strategies for early diagnosis and therapeutics. The Global Proteome Survey or GPS is a method that combines mass spectrometry and affinity enrichment with the use of antibodies. The technology enables profiling of complex proteomes in a species independent manner. The sensitivity of GPS, and other methods relying on affinity enrichment, is largely affected by the activity of the exploited affinity reagent. We here present an improvement of the GPS platform by utilizing an antibody immobilization approach which ensures a controlled immobilization process of the antibody to the magnetic bead support. More specifically, we make use of an antibody format that enables site-directed biotinylation and use this in combination with streptavidin coated magnetic beads. The performance of the expanded GPS platform was evaluated by profiling yeast proteome samples. We demonstrate that the oriented antibody immobilization strategy increases the ability of the GPS platform and results in larger fraction of functional antibodies. Additionally, we show that this new antibody format enabled in-solution capture, i.e. immobilization of the antibodies after sample incubation. A workflow has been established that permit the use of an oriented immobilization strategy for the GPS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Säll
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (House 406), SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (House 406), SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (House 406), SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl A K Borrebaeck
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (House 406), SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christer Wingren
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village (House 406), SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Development of a biotinylated broad-specificity single-chain variable fragment antibody and a sensitive immunoassay for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6423-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Production of in vivo biotinylated scFv specific to almond ( Prunus dulcis ) proteins by recombinant Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2016; 227:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Li N, Ma J, Gu Z, Yu L, Fu X, Liu X, Wang J. Effects of an amyloid-beta 1-42 oligomers antibody screened from a phage display library in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Brain Res 2016; 1635:169-79. [PMID: 26820640 PMCID: PMC4801032 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We screened anti-Aβ1-42 antibodies from a human Alzheimer's disease (AD) specific single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display library and assessed their effects in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to construct the scFv phage display library, and screening identified 11A5 as an anti-Aβ1-42 antibody. We mixed 11A5 and the monoclonal antibody 6E10 with Aβ1-42 and administered the mixture to Sprague-Dawley rats via intracerebroventricular injection. After 30 days, rats injected with the antibody/Aβ1-42 mixture and those injected with Aβ1-42 alone were tested on the Morris water maze. We also injected 11A5 and 6E10 into APP/PS1 transgenic mice and assessed the concentrations of Aβ in brain and peripheral blood by ELISA at 1-month intervals for 3 months. Finally we evaluated behavior changes in the Morris water maze. Rats injected with Aβ1-42 and mixed antibodies showed better performance in the Morris water maze than did rats injected with Aβ1-42 alone. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, Aβ concentration was lower in the brains of the antibody-treated group than in the control group, but higher in the peripheral blood. The antibody-treated mice also exhibited improved behavioral performance in the Morris water maze. In conclusion, anti-Aβ1-42 antibodies (11A5) screened from the human scFv antibody phage display library promoted the efflux or clearance of Aβ1-42 and effectively decreased the cerebral Aβ burden in an AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lie Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Sikora A, Ramón-Azcón J, Sen M, Kim K, Nakazawa H, Umetsu M, Kumagai I, Shiku H, Matsue T, Teizer W. Microtubule guiding in a multi-walled carbon nanotube circuit. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:78. [PMID: 26162482 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In nanotechnological devices, mass transport can be initiated by pressure driven flow, diffusion or by employing molecular motors. As the scale decreases, molecular motors can be helpful as they are not limited by increased viscous resistance. Moreover, molecular motors can move against diffusion gradients and are naturally fitted for nanoscale transportation. Among motor proteins, kinesin has particular potential for lab-on-a-chip applications. It can be used for sorting, concentrating or as a mechanical sensor. When bound to a surface, kinesin motors propel microtubules in random directions, depending on their landing orientation. In order to circumvent this complication, the microtubule motion should be confined or guided. To this end, dielectrophoretically aligned multi-walled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be employed as nanotracks. In order to control more precisely the spatial repartition of the MWCNTs, a screening method has been implemented and tested. Polygonal patterns have been fabricated with the aim of studying the guiding and the microtubule displacement between MWCNT segments. Microtubules are observed to transfer between MWCNT segments, a prerequisite for the guiding of microtubules in MWCNT circuit-based biodevices. The effect of the MWCNT organization (crenellated or hexagonal) on the MT travel distance has been investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Sikora
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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19
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Sikora A, Canova FF, Kim K, Nakazawa H, Umetsu M, Kumagai I, Adschiri T, Hwang W, Teizer W. Behavior of Kinesin Driven Quantum Dots Trapped in a Microtubule Loop. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11003-11013. [PMID: 26426418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of kinesin driven quantum dots (QDs) trapped in a microtubule loop, allowing the investigation of moving QDs for a long time and an unprecedented long distance. The QD conjugates did not depart from our observational field of view, enabling the tracking of specific conjugates for more than 5 min. The unusually long run length and the periodicity caused by the loop track allow comparing and studying the trajectory of the kinesin driven QDs for more than 2 full laps, i.e., about 70 μm, enabling a statistical analysis of interactions of the same kinesin driven object with the same obstacle. The trajectories were extracted and analyzed from kymographs with a newly developed algorithm. Despite dispersion, several repetitive trajectory patterns can be identified. A method evaluating the similarity is introduced allowing a quantitative comparison between the trajectories. The velocity variations appear strongly correlated to the presence of obstacles. We discuss the reasons making this long continuous travel distances on the loop track possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Sikora
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Filippo Federici Canova
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kyongwan Kim
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Adschiri
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study , Seoul 130-722, Korea
- Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Winfried Teizer
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-4242, United States
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20
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Säll A, Sjöholm K, Waldemarson S, Happonen L, Karlsson C, Persson H, Malmström J. Development of Phage-Based Antibody Fragment Reagents for Affinity Enrichment of Bacterial Immunoglobulin G Binding Proteins. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4704-13. [PMID: 26452057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Disease and death caused by bacterial infections are global health problems. Effective bacterial strategies are required to promote survival and proliferation within a human host, and it is important to explore how this adaption occurs. However, the detection and quantification of bacterial virulence factors in complex biological samples are technically demanding challenges. These can be addressed by combining targeted affinity enrichment of antibodies with the sensitivity of liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-SRM MS). However, many virulence factors have evolved properties that make specific detection by conventional antibodies difficult. We here present an antibody format that is particularly well suited for detection and analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding virulence factors. As proof of concept, we have generated single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies that specifically target the IgG-binding surface proteins M1 and H of Streptococcus pyogenes. The binding ability of the developed scFv is demonstrated against both recombinant soluble protein M1 and H as well as the intact surface proteins on a wild-type S. pyogenes strain. Additionally, the capacity of the developed scFv antibodies to enrich their target proteins from both simple and complex backgrounds, thereby allowing for detection and quantification with LC-SRM MS, was demonstrated. We have established a workflow that allows for affinity enrichment of bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Säll
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University , Medicon Village (House 406), SE 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Sjöholm
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University , Medicon Village (House 406), SE 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Waldemarson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University , Medicon Village (House 406), SE 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University , Medicon Village (House 406), SE 223 81, Lund, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology , 17121 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Fukaya T, Abe K, Savory N, Tsukakoshi K, Yoshida W, Ferri S, Sode K, Ikebukuro K. Improvement of the VEGF binding ability of DNA aptamers through in silico maturation and multimerization strategy. J Biotechnol 2015; 212:99-105. [PMID: 26302839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are mainly selected by in vitro selection using random nucleic acid libraries. These aptamers have often shown insufficient affinity for biomedical applications. We improved DNA aptamer binding affinity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through in silico maturation (ISM) and aptamer multimerization. ISM is one of a number of evolutionary approaches and aptamer multimerization is one of several semi-rational strategies to improve function. We first reselected VEGF-binding aptamers using a partially randomized DNA library and identified two aptamers with higher binding ability than that of a known aptamer. We conducted ISM using the re-selected aptamers to optimize the key loop sequences created by a three-way junction structure. After five ISM rounds, we identified aptamer 2G19 [dissociation constant (Kd), 52 nM] as a local optimum of the defined search space. We characterized the aptamer and found that a specific stem-loop structure was involved in aptamer VEGF recognition. To further improve its affinity for VEGF, we multimerized 2G19 or its stem-loop structure. The designed SL5-trivalent aptamer (Kd, 0.37 nM) with three binding motifs significantly increased binding affinity, representing a 500-fold improvement from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment-selected aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Koichi Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Nasa Savory
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan
| | - Stefano Ferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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22
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Maaß F, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Dickgießer S, Valldorf B, Reinwarth M, Schmoldt HU, Daneschdar M, Avrutina O, Sahin U, Kolmar H. Cystine-knot peptides targeting cancer-relevant human cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). J Pept Sci 2015; 21:651-60. [PMID: 25964162 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystine-knot peptides sharing a common fold but displaying a notably large diversity within the primary structure of flanking loops have shown great potential as scaffolds for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this study, we demonstrated that the cystine-knot peptide MCoTI-II, a trypsin inhibitor from Momordica cochinchinensis, can be engineered to bind to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, that has emerged as a target for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Directed evolution was used to convert a cystine-knot trypsin inhibitor into a CTLA-4 binder by screening a library of variants using yeast surface display. A set of cystine-knot peptides possessing dissociation constants in the micromolar range was obtained; the most potent variant was synthesized chemically. Successive conjugation with neutravidin, fusion to antibody Fc domain or the oligomerization domain of C4b binding protein resulted in oligovalent variants that possessed enhanced (up to 400-fold) dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Our data indicate that display of multiple knottin peptides on an oligomeric scaffold protein is a valid strategy to improve their functional affinity with ramifications for applications in diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Maaß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Dickgießer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Valldorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reinwarth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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Zhu M, Hu Y, Li G, Ou W, Mao P, Xin S, Wan Y. Combining magnetic nanoparticle with biotinylated nanobodies for rapid and sensitive detection of influenza H3N2. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:528. [PMID: 25328501 PMCID: PMC4199786 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to develop a rapid and sensitive assay based on magnetic beads to detect the concentration of influenza H3N2. The possibility of using variable domain heavy-chain antibodies (nanobody) as diagnostic tools for influenza H3N2 was investigated. A healthy camel was immunized with inactivated influenza H3N2. A nanobody library of 8 × 10(8) clones was constructed and phage displayed. After three successive biopanning steps, H3N2-specific nanobodies were successfully isolated, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. Sequence analysis of the nanobodies revealed that we possessed four classes of nanobodies against H3N2. Two nanobodies were further used to prepare our rapid diagnostic kit. Biotinylated nanobody was effectively immobilized onto the surface of streptavidin magnetic beads. The modified magnetic beads with nanobody capture specifically influenza H3N2 and can still be recognized by nanobodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates. Under optimized conditions, the present immunoassay exhibited a relatively high sensitive detection with a limit of 50 ng/mL. In conclusion, by combining magnetic beads with specific nanobodies, this assay provides a promising influenza detection assay to develop a potential rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostic tool to screen for influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Nanobody Engineering and Research Center, Nantong 226010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guirong Li
- Jiangsu Nanobody Engineering and Research Center, Nantong 226010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Ou
- Jiangsu Nanobody Engineering and Research Center, Nantong 226010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panyong Mao
- 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Xin
- 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yakun Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Nanobody Engineering and Research Center, Nantong 226010, People’s Republic of China
- Sipailou No. 2, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Liu JL, Zabetakis D, Walper SA, Goldman ER, Anderson GP. Bioconjugates of rhizavidin with single domain antibodies as bifunctional immunoreagents. J Immunol Methods 2014; 411:37-42. [PMID: 24946086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of the avidin-biotin binding interaction for immunoassay applications is widespread. One advantageous immunoreagent is the recombinant fusion of an antibody fragment with a biotin binding protein. These genetic fusions alleviate the need to prepare chemical conjugates to achieve molecules that combine target recognition with signal transduction or to facilitate the directional immobilization of the binding element. In order for such a fusion protein to be useful, however, it must be able to be produced in good yield. Unfortunately, recombinant production of avidin or streptavidin as well as bioconjugates derived thereof has been problematic. An alternative biotin binding molecule called rhizavidin has been described, which forms a homodimer instead of a tetramer, but it has not been evaluated in genetic fusions with antibody binding domains. Single domain antibodies, the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies, offer binding domains with high affinity, and solubility that are well expressed in Escherichia coli. In this work, we prepared an anti-ricin single domain antibody - rhizavidin bioconjugate and evaluated it on the basis of its production in E. coli and on its activity in comparison to a streptavidin core bioconjugate and unfused single domain antibody. The single domain antibody-rhizavidin bioconjugate produced much better than its streptavidin core counterparts, yielding an average of 14 mg/L, a 20-fold improvement. When used in assays the rhizavidin conjugate provided the same desirable characteristics as the streptavidin core fusion as both capture and detection reagents. Since rhizavidin and single domain antibodies both display impressive thermal stabilities their fusion provides a route to achieve robust bifunctional immunoreagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny L Liu
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Dan Zabetakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Ellen R Goldman
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - George P Anderson
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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25
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Zhang X, Wang XX, Shusta EV. Creation and Evaluation of a Single-chain Antibody Tetramer that Targets Brain Endothelial Cells. AIChE J 2014; 60:1245-1252. [PMID: 24659822 DOI: 10.1002/aic.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that target and internalize into blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells offer promise as drug delivery agents. Previously, we identified a single-chain antibody (scFvA) capable of binding to the BBB. In an attempt to improve the binding and internalization properties of the single chain antibody (scFvA), a biotinylation tag (Avitag) was fused to scFvA and the protein secreted by yeast. The scFvA-Avitag could be biotinylated by yeast-displayed BirA enzyme and biotinylated scFvA-Avitag could be used to create scFv tetramers. Tetramerization of scFvA improved the internalization of scFvA into BBB endothelial cells, and biotinylated scFvA-Avitag could also be used to target streptavidin-coated quantum dots for BBB endothelial cell internalization. Perfusing the rat brain with scFvA-tetramer confirmed that the antigen targeted by scFvA is distributed on blood side of the BBB, suggesting the potential for downstream application of scFvA in brain-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Xin Xiang Wang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Eric V. Shusta
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
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26
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Lykkemark S, Mandrup OA, Friis NA, Kristensen P. Degradation of C-terminal tag sequences on domain antibodies purified from E. coli supernatant. MAbs 2014; 6:1551-9. [PMID: 25426869 PMCID: PMC4622476 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins often takes advantage of peptide tags expressed in fusion to allow easy detection and purification of the expressed proteins. However, as the fusion peptides most often are flexible appendages at the N- or C-terminal, proteolytic cleavage may result in removal of the tag sequence. Here, we evaluated the functionality and stability of 14 different combinations of commonly used tags for purification and detection of recombinant antibody fragments. The tag sequences were inserted in fusion with the c-terminal end of a domain antibody based on the HEL4 scaffold in a phagemid vector. This particular antibody fragment was able to refold on the membrane after blotting, allowing us to detect c-terminal tag breakdown by use of protein A in combination with detection of the tags in the specific constructs. The degradation of the c-terminal tags suggested specific sites to be particularly prone to proteolytic cleavage, leaving some of the tag combinations partially or completely degraded. This specific work illustrates the importance of tag design with regard to recombinant antibody expression in E. coli, but also aids the more general understanding of protein expression.
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Key Words
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- E. coli, escherichia coli
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IPTG, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RCF, relative centrifugal force
- TEV protease, tobacco etch virus
- Tsp protease, tail-specific protease
- antibodies
- dAb, domain antibody
- peptide tags
- phage display
- protein expression
- proteolytic degradation
- rpm, revolutions per minute
- scFv, single chain fragment variable
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Sino-Danish Center; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Anton Friis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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T-Cell Receptor-Like Antibodies: Targeting the Intracellular Proteome Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Applications. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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28
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Nakazawa H, Kim DM, Matsuyama T, Ishida N, Ikeuchi A, Ishigaki Y, Kumagai I, Umetsu M. Hybrid Nanocellulosome Design from Cellulase Modules on Nanoparticles: Synergistic Effect of Catalytically Divergent Cellulase Modules on Cellulose Degradation Activity. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400012v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Do-Myoung Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Yokomichi 41-1, Oaza Nagakute, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ishida
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Yokomichi 41-1, Oaza Nagakute, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Akinori Ikeuchi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Yokomichi 41-1, Oaza Nagakute, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishigaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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29
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Bodelón G, Palomino C, Fernández LÁ. Immunoglobulin domains inEscherichia coliand other enterobacteria: from pathogenesis to applications in antibody technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:204-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Trilling AK, Harmsen MM, Ruigrok VJ, Zuilhof H, Beekwilder J. The effect of uniform capture molecule orientation on biosensor sensitivity: Dependence on analyte properties. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Blanco-Toribio A, Sainz-Pastor N, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Merino N, Cuesta ÁM, Sánchez-Martín D, Bonet J, Santos-Valle P, Sanz L, Oliva B, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Generation and characterization of monospecific and bispecific hexavalent trimerbodies. MAbs 2012; 5:70-9. [PMID: 23221741 PMCID: PMC3564888 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a new class of multivalent and multispecific antibody-based reagents for therapy. The molecules, termed “trimerbodies,” use a modified version of the N-terminal trimerization region of human collagen XVIII noncollagenous 1 domain flanked by two flexible linkers as trimerizing scaffold. By fusing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) with the same or different specificity to both N- and C-terminus of the trimerizing scaffold domain, we produced monospecific or bispecific hexavalent molecules that were efficiently secreted as soluble proteins by transfected mammalian cells. A bispecific anti-laminin x anti-CD3 N-/C-trimerbody was found to be trimeric in solution, very efficient at recognizing purified plastic-immobilized laminin and CD3 expressed at the surface of T cells, and remarkably stable in human serum. The bispecificity was further demonstrated in T cell activation studies. In the presence of laminin-rich substrate, the bispecific anti-laminin x anti-CD3 N-/C-trimerbody stimulated a high percentage of human T cells to express surface activation markers. These results suggest that the trimerbody platform offers promising opportunities for the development of the next-generation therapeutic antibodies, i.e., multivalent and bispecific molecules with a format optimized for the desired pharmacokinetics and adapted to the pathological context.
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Abstract
We describe a phage display approach that we have previously used to generate conformation-sensor antibodies that specifically recognize and stabilize the oxidized, inactive conformation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). We use a solution-based panning and screening strategy conducted in the presence of reduced active PTP1B, which enriches antibodies to epitopes unique to the oxidized form while excluding antibodies that recognize epitopes common to oxidized and reduced forms of PTP1B. This strategy avoids conventional solid-phase immobilization owing to its inherent potential for denaturation of the antigen. In addition, a functional screening strategy selects single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) directly for their capacity for both specific binding and stabilization of the target enzyme in its inactive conformation. These conformation-specific scFvs illustrate that stabilization of oxidized PTP1B is an effective strategy to inhibit PTP1B function; it is possible that this approach may be applicable to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family as a whole. With this protocol, isolation and characterization of specific scFvs from immune responsive animals should take ~6 weeks.
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33
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Hattori T, Umetsu M, Nakanishi T, Sawai S, Kikuchi S, Asano R, Kumagai I. A high-affinity gold-binding camel antibody: antibody engineering for one-pot functionalization of gold nanoparticles as biointerface molecules. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1934-44. [PMID: 22873669 DOI: 10.1021/bc300316p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies, with their high affinity and specificity, are widely utilized in the field of protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, and nanotechnology applications, and our recent studies have demonstrated the recognition and binding of antibody for the surface on inorganic material. In this study, we generated a high-affinity gold-binding antibody fragment by a combination of peptide-grafting and phage-display techniques and showed the availability of the material-binding fragment for one-pot functionalization of nanoparticles as interface molecules. After a gold-binding peptide sequence was grafted into one of the complementarity determining regions of a single variable domain of a heavy-chain camel antibody, a combinatorial library approach raised by 20 times the affinity of the peptide-grafted fragment. The high-affinity gold-binding fragment (E32) spontaneously adsorbed on gold nanoparticles, and consequently the nanoparticles formed a stable dispersion in a high-ionic-strength solution. Multivalent and bispecific antibodies constructed on the E32 platform by means of fusion technology functionalized gold nanoparticles in one pot, and these functionalized nanoparticles could be used to obtain surface plasmon resonance scattering images of cancer cells and to spontaneously link two different nanomaterials. Here, we propose the bispecific antibodies as convenient interface molecules in the nanosized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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34
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Oliveira SS, Aires da Silva F, Lourenco S, Freitas-Vieira A, Cunha Santos AC, Goncalves J. Assessing combinatorial strategies to multimerize libraries of single-domain antibodies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:193-204. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Tumour and virus-infected cells are recognised by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that, in response, are activated to eliminate these cells. In order to be activated, the clonotypic T-cell receptor (TCR) needs to encounter a specific peptide antigen presented by the membrane surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. Cells that have undergone malignant transformation or viral infection present peptides derived from tumour-associated antigens or viral proteins on their MHC class I molecules. Therefore, disease-specific MHC-peptide complexes are desirable targets for immunotherapeutic approaches. One such approach transforms the unique fine specificity but low intrinsic affinity of TCRs to MHC-peptide complexes into high-affinity soluble antibody molecules endowed with a TCR-like specificity towards tumour or viral epitopes. These antibodies, termed TCR-like antibodies, are being developed as a new class of immunotherapeutics that can target tumour and virus-infected cells and mediate their specific killing. In addition to their therapeutic capabilities, TCR-like antibodies are being developed as diagnostic reagents for cancer and infectious diseases, and serve as valuable research tools for studying MHC class I antigen presentation.
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36
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Hearty S, Leonard P, O'Kennedy R. Measuring antibody-antigen binding kinetics using surface plasmon resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 907:411-442. [PMID: 22907366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now widely embraced as a technology for monitoring a diverse range of protein-protein interactions and is considered almost de rigueur for characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. The technique obviates the need to label either of the interacting species and the binding event is visualized in real-time. Thus, it is ideally suited for screening crude, unpurified antibody samples that dominate early candidate panels following antibody selection campaigns. SPR returns both concentration and affinity data but when used correctly can also resolve the discrete component kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rate constants) of the affinity interaction. Herein, we outline some SPR-based generic antibody screening configurations and methodologies in the context of expediting data-rich ranking of candidate antibody panels and ensuring that antibodies with the optimal kinetic binding characteristics are reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hearty
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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37
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Geyer CR, McCafferty J, Dübel S, Bradbury ARM, Sidhu SS. Recombinant antibodies and in vitro selection technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 901:11-32. [PMID: 22723092 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-931-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the accumulation of detailed knowledge of antibody structure and function has enabled antibody phage display to emerge as a powerful in vitro alternative to hybridoma methods for creating antibodies. Many antibodies produced using phage display technology have unique properties that are not obtainable using traditional hybridoma technologies. In phage display, selections are performed under controlled, in vitro conditions that are tailored to suit demands of the antigen and the sequence encoding the antibody is immediately available. These features obviate many of the limitations of hybridoma methodology, and because the entire process relies on scalable molecular biology techniques, phage display is also suitable for high-throughput applications. Thus, antibody phage display technology is well suited for genome-scale biotechnology and therapeutic applications. This review describes the antibody phage display technology and highlights examples of antibodies with unique properties that cannot easily be obtained by other technologies.
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38
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Kim DM, Nakazawa H, Umetsu M, Matsuyama T, Ishida N, Ikeuchi A, Takahashi H, Asano R, Kumagai I. A nanocluster design for the construction of artificial cellulosomes. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Kim DM, Umetsu M, Takai K, Matsuyama T, Ishida N, Takahashi H, Asano R, Kumagai I. Enhancement of cellulolytic enzyme activity by clustering cellulose binding domains on nanoscaffolds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:656-64. [PMID: 21290602 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, one of the most abundant carbon resources, is degraded by cellulolytic enzymes called cellulases. Cellulases are generally modular proteins with independent catalytic and cellulose-binding domain (CBD) modules and, in some bacteria, catalytic modules are noncovalently assembled on a scaffold protein with CBD to form a giant protein complex called a cellulosome, which efficiently degrades water-insoluble hard materials. In this study, a catalytic module and CBD are independently prepared by recombinant means, and are heterogeneously clustered on streptavidin and on inorganic nanoparticles for the construction of artificial cellulosomes. Heteroclustering of the catalytic module with CBD results in significant improvements in the enzyme's degradation activity for water-insoluble substrates. In particular, the increase of CBD valency in the cluster structure critically enhances the catalytic activity by improving the affinity for substrates, and clustering with multiple CBDs on CdSe nanoparticles generates a 7.2-fold increase in the production of reducing sugars relative to that of the native free enzyme. The multivalent design of substrate-binding domain on clustered cellulases is important for the construction of the artificial cellulosome, and the nanoparticles are an effective scaffold for increasing the valence of CBD in clustered cellulases. A new design is proposed for artificial cellulosomes with multiple CBDs on noncellulosome-derived scaffold structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Myoung Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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40
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Bradbury ARM, Sidhu S, Dübel S, McCafferty J. Beyond natural antibodies: the power of in vitro display technologies. Nat Biotechnol 2011; 29:245-54. [PMID: 21390033 PMCID: PMC3057417 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro display technologies, best exemplified by phage and yeast display, were first described for the selection of antibodies some 20 years ago. Since then, many antibodies have been selected and improved upon using these methods. Although it is not widely recognized, many of the antibodies derived using in vitro display methods have properties that would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to obtain by immunizing animals. The first antibodies derived using in vitro display methods are now in the clinic, with many more waiting in the wings. Unlike immunization, in vitro display permits the use of defined selection conditions and provides immediate availability of the sequence encoding the antibody. The amenability of in vitro display to high-throughput applications broadens the prospects for their wider use in basic and applied research.
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41
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Makler O, Oved K, Netzer N, Wolf D, Reiter Y. Direct visualization of the dynamics of antigen presentation in human cells infected with cytomegalovirus revealed by antibodies mimicking TCR specificity. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1552-65. [PMID: 20306470 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are no direct means to study class I MHC presentation in human normal or diseased cells. Using CMV-infected human cells and applying novel mAb that mimic T-cell receptor specificity directed toward the immunogenic epitope of the viral pp65 protein presented on HLA-A2 molecules, we directly imaged the dynamics of Ag presentation in infected cells. We demonstrate that following infection large intracellular pools of HLA-A2/pp65 complexes are localized to the Golgi. These HLA-A2/pp65 pools account for the majority of total HLA-A2 molecules in infected cells. Interestingly, these large pools are sequestered inside infected cells and only a small portion of them are exported to the cell surface. Virus-induced class I MHC down-regulation did not affect the intracellular pool of HLA-A2/pp65 complexes. Our data also suggest that proteasome function influences the release of class I complexes to the membrane. We present herein a new and direct molecular tool to study the dynamics of viral Ag presentation that may further elucidate the balance between immune response versus viral escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oryan Makler
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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42
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Mersmann M, Meier D, Mersmann J, Helmsing S, Nilsson P, Gräslund S, Colwill K, Hust M, Dübel S. Towards proteome scale antibody selections using phage display. N Biotechnol 2009; 27:118-28. [PMID: 19883803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro antibody generation by panning a large universal gene library with phage display was employed to generate antibodies to more than 60 different antigens. Of particular interest was a comparison of pannings on 20 different SH2 domains provided by the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC). Streamlined methods for high throughput antibody generation developed within the 'Antibody Factory' of the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN) were demonstrated to minimise effort and provide a reliable and robust source for antibodies. For the SH2 domains, in two successive series of selections, 2668 clones were analysed, resulting in 347 primary hits in ELISA. Half of these hits were further analysed, and more than 90 different scFv antibodies to all antigens were identified. The validation of selected antibodies by cross-reactivity ELISA, western blot and on protein microarrays demonstrated the versatility of the in vitro antibody selection pipeline to generate a renewable resource of highly specific monoclonal binders in proteome scale numbers with substantially reduced effort and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mersmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
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43
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Valadon P, Darsow B, Buss TN, Czarny M, Griffin NM, Nguyen HN, Oh P, Borgstrom P, Chrastina A, Schnitzer JE. Designed auto-assembly of nanostreptabodies for rapid tissue-specific targeting in vivo. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:713-22. [PMID: 19850928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular medicine can benefit greatly from antibodies that deliver therapeutic and imaging agents to select organs and diseased tissues. Yet the development of complex and defined composite nanostructures remains a challenge that requires both designed stoichiometric assembly and superior in vivo testing ability. Here, we generate nanostructures called nanostreptabodies by controlled sequential assembly of biotin-engineered antibody fragments on a streptavidin scaffold with a defined capacity for additional biotinylated payloads such as other antibodies to create bispecific antibodies as well as organic and non-organic moieties. When injected intravenously, these novel and stable nanostructures exhibit exquisite targeting with tissue-specific imaging and delivery, including rapid transendothelial transport that enhances tissue penetration. This "tinkertoy construction" strategy provides a very flexible and efficient way to link targeting vectors with reporter and/or effector agents, thereby providing virtually endless combinations potentially useful for multipurpose molecular and functional imaging in vivo as well as therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Valadon
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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44
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Schütte M, Thullier P, Pelat T, Wezler X, Rosenstock P, Hinz D, Kirsch MI, Hasenberg M, Frank R, Schirrmann T, Gunzer M, Hust M, Dübel S. Identification of a putative Crf splice variant and generation of recombinant antibodies for the specific detection of Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6625. [PMID: 19675673 PMCID: PMC2721682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus fumigatus is a common airborne fungal pathogen for humans. It frequently causes an invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients with poor prognosis. Potent antifungal drugs are very expensive and cause serious adverse effects. Their correct application requires an early and specific diagnosis of IA, which is still not properly achievable. This work aims to a specific detection of A. fumigatus by immunofluorescence and the generation of recombinant antibodies for the detection of A. fumigatus by ELISA. RESULTS The A. fumigatus antigen Crf2 was isolated from a human patient with proven IA. It is a novel variant of a group of surface proteins (Crf1, Asp f9, Asp f16) which belong to the glycosylhydrolase family. Single chain fragment variables (scFvs) were obtained by phage display from a human naive antibody gene library and an immune antibody gene library generated from a macaque immunized with recombinant Crf2. Two different selection strategies were performed and shown to influence the selection of scFvs recognizing the Crf2 antigen in its native conformation. Using these antibodies, Crf2 was localized in growing hyphae of A. fumigatus but not in spores. In addition, the antibodies allowed differentiation between A. fumigatus and related Aspergillus species or Candida albicans by immunofluorescence microscopy. The scFv antibody clones were further characterized for their affinity, the nature of their epitope, their serum stability and their detection limit of Crf2 in human serum. CONCLUSION Crf2 and the corresponding recombinant antibodies offer a novel approach for the early diagnostics of IA caused by A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schütte
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe Thullier
- Groupe de biotechnologie des anticorps, Département de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Santé des Armées, La Tronche, France
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- Groupe de biotechnologie des anticorps, Département de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Santé des Armées, La Tronche, France
| | - Xenia Wezler
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstock
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Hinz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Inga Kirsch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Frank
- Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
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45
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Thie H, Binius S, Schirrmann T, Hust M, Dübel S. Multimerization domains for antibody phage display and antibody production. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:314-21. [PMID: 19631299 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput generation of antibodies for proteome research has become feasible by using antibody gene libraries and in vitro selection methods like phage display. Typically monovalent antibody fragments like scFv, Fab or scFab are obtained by this technology. To mimic the IgG molecule and gain avidity, resulting in stronger binding, multimerization domains can be fused to antibody fragments. Here we systematically analyzed different multimerization domains in respect to three key parameters, crucial for the high-throughput generation of binders. (i) The compatibility to be displayed on phage (assessed for at least three different antibody formats, scFv, Fab and scFab) in combination with five different multimerization domains; (ii) production yields and (iii) oligomerization properties were analyzed for three different scFv fragments. We found that the use of a biotin acceptor domain in combination with an in vivo biotinylation system performed best concerning the key parameters and thus would be a useful tool to generate multimeric antibody complexes on demand from phage display selected antibody fragments with the least effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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46
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Won J, Nam P, Lee Y, Choe M. Higher cytotoxicity of divalent antibody-toxins than monovalent antibody-toxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:15-20. [PMID: 19245794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibody-toxins are constructed via the fusion of a "carcinoma-specific" antibody fragment to a toxin. Due to the high affinity and high selectivity of the antibody fragments, antibody-toxins can bind to surface antigens on cancer cells and kill them without harming normal cells [L.H. Pai, J.K. Batra, D.J. FitzGerald, M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, Anti-tumor activities of immunotoxins made of monoclonal antibody B3 and various forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 3358-3362]. In this study, we constructed the antibody-toxin, Fab-SWn-PE38, with SWn (n=3, 6, 9) sequences containing n-time repeated (G(4)S) between the Fab fragment and PE38 (38 kDa truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A). The SWn sequence also harbored one cysteine residue that could form a disulfide bridge between two Fab-SWn-PE38 monomers. We assessed the cytotoxicity of the monovalent (Fab-SWn-PE38), and divalent ([Fab-SWn-PE38](2)) antibody-toxins. The cytotoxicity of the dimer against the CRL1739 cell line was approximately 18.8-fold higher than that of the monomer on the ng/ml scale, which was approximately 37.6-fold higher on the pM scale. These results strongly indicate that divalency provides higher cytotoxicity for an antibody-toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeSeon Won
- College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-ga Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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47
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Weisser NE, Hall JC. Applications of single-chain variable fragment antibodies in therapeutics and diagnostics. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:502-20. [PMID: 19374944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are some of the most powerful tools in therapy and diagnostics and are currently one of the fastest growing classes of therapeutic molecules. Recombinant antibody (rAb) fragments are becoming popular therapeutic alternatives to full length monoclonal Abs since they are smaller, possess different properties that are advantageous in certain medical applications, can be produced more economically and are easily amendable to genetic manipulation. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) Abs are one of the most popular rAb format as they have been engineered into larger, multivalent, bi-specific and conjugated forms for many clinical applications. This review will show the tremendous versatility and importance of scFv fragments as they provide the basic antigen binding unit for a multitude of engineered Abs for use as human therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E Weisser
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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48
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Kanehira K, Banzai T, Ogino C, Shimizu N, Kubota Y, Sonezaki S. Properties of TiO2–polyacrylic acid dispersions with potential for molecular recognition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 64:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Paoli GC, Kleina LG, Brewster JD. Development of Listeria monocytogenes-specific immunomagnetic beads using a single-chain antibody fragment. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2007; 4:74-83. [PMID: 17378711 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for coupling single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) to immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) was developed and evaluated using scFvs specific for Listeria monocytogenes. A plasmid vector, pBAD380, was constructed that allowed the expression of histidine-tagged biotinylated scFvs in Escherichia coli. The gene encoding a scFv specific for L. monocytogenes was cloned into pBAD380 and the 6-histidine-tagged biotinylated anti-L. monocytogenes scFvs were coupled to streptavidin-coated IMBs. The ability of the anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs to capture L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species was evaluated in comparison to commercially available anti-Listeria IMBs. The anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs displayed higher efficiencies of capture (1.38-19.04%) for most strains of L. monocytogenes than were observed for the anti-Listeria IMBs (0.05-3.35%); also, the anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs exhibited improved specificity for L. monocytogenes as determined by cell capture efficiency in pure and mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Paoli
- Microbial Biophysics and Residue Chemistry Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8598, USA.
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Scholler N, Garvik B, Quarles T, Jiang S, Urban N. Method for generation of in vivo biotinylated recombinant antibodies by yeast mating. J Immunol Methods 2006; 317:132-43. [PMID: 17113097 PMCID: PMC1784068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a novel method for generation of yeast-secreted, in vivo biotinylated recombinant antibodies, or biobodies. Biobodies are secreted by diploid yeast resulting from the fusion of two haploid yeast of opposite mating type. One yeast carries a cDNA encoding an antibody recognition sequence fused to an IgA1 hinge and a biotin acceptor site (BCCP) at the C-terminus; the other carries a cDNA encoding an E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) fused to KEX2 golgi-localization sequences, so that BirA can catalyze the biotin transfer to the recognition sequence-fused BCCP within the yeast secretory compartment. We illustrate this technology with biobodies against HE4, a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Anti-HE4 biobodies were derived from clones or pools of anti-HE4-specific yeast-display scFv, constituting respectively monoclonal (mBb) or polyclonal (pBb) biobodies. Anti-HE4 biobodies were secreted directly biotinylated thus bound to labeled-streptavidin and streptavidin-coated surfaces without Ni-purification. Anti-HE4 biobodies demonstrated specificity and sensitivity by ELISA assays, flow cytometry analysis and Western blots prior to any maturation; dissociation equilibrium constants as measured by surface plasmon resonance sensor were of K(d)=4.8 x 10(-9) M and K(d)=5.1 x 10(-9) M before and after Ni-purification respectively. Thus, yeast mating permits cost-effective generation of biotinylated recombinant antibodies of high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Scholler
- Translational Outcomes Research Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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