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Mohite P, Yadav V, Pandhare R, Maitra S, Saleh FM, Saleem RM, Al-malky HS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Abdel-Daim MM, Uti DE. Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Viral Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras in the New Era of Immunotherapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7277-7295. [PMID: 38405458 PMCID: PMC10882662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, a profound evolution has ushered in sophisticated strategies that encompass both traditional cancer vaccines and emerging viral vaccines. This comprehensive Review offers an in-depth exploration of the methodologies, clinical applications, success stories, and future prospects of these approaches. Traditional cancer vaccines have undergone significant advancements utilizing diverse modalities such as proteins, peptides, and dendritic cells. More recent innovations have focused on the physiological mechanisms enabling the human body to recognize and combat precancerous and malignant cells, introducing specific markers like peptide-based anticancer vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens. Moreover, cancer viral vaccines, leveraging engineered viruses to stimulate immune responses against specific antigens, exhibit substantial promise in inducing robust and enduring immunity. Integration with complementary therapeutic methods, including monoclonal antibodies, adjuvants, and radiation therapy, has not only improved survival rates but also deepened our understanding of viral virulence. Recent strides in vaccine design, encompassing oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and viral vectors, mark the frontier of innovation. While these advances hold immense potential, critical challenges must be addressed, such as strategies for immune evasion, potential off-target effects, and the optimization of viral genomes. In the landscape of immunotherapy, noteworthy innovations take the spotlight from the use of immunomodulatory agents for the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune collaboration. The emergence of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as precision tools for cancer therapy is particularly exciting. With a focus on various cancers, from melanoma to formidable solid tumors, this Review critically assesses types of cancer vaccines, mechanisms, barriers in vaccine therapy, vaccine efficacy, safety profiles, and immune-related adverse events, providing a nuanced perspective on the underlying mechanisms involving cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. The Review also underscores the transformative potential of cutting-edge technologies such as clinical studies, molecular sequencing, and artificial intelligence in advancing the field of cancer vaccines. These tools not only expedite progress but also emphasize the multidimensional and rapidly evolving nature of this research, affirming its profound significance in the broader context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Mohite
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Vaishnavi Yadav
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Ramdas Pandhare
- MESs
College of Pharmacy, Sonai Tal-Newasa, Maharashtra 414105, India
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
- Department
of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, West Bengal, India
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Mohammed Saleem
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional
Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department
of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology
Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center
for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Savetha
Dental College, Savetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Savetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box
6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology
Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Daniel E. Uti
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
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2
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. TLR4-Based Immunotherapeutics in Cancer: A Review of the Achievements and Shortcomings. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4777-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, 25030 Besançon, France
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3
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Asadi-Ghalehni M, Rasaee MJ, RajabiBazl M, Khosravani M, Motaghinejad M, Javanmardi M, Khalili S, Modjtahedi H, Sadroddiny E. A novel recombinant anti-epidermal growth factor receptor peptide vaccine capable of active immunization and reduction of tumor volume in a mouse model. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:531-538. [PMID: 29023946 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported in a number of human malignancies. Strong expression of this receptor has been associated with poor survival in many such patients. Active immunizations that elicit antibodies of the desired type could be an appealing alternative to conventional passive immunization. In this regard, a novel recombinant peptide vaccine capable of prophylactic and therapeutic effects was constructed. A novel fusion recombinant peptide base vaccine consisting of L2 domain of murine extra-cellular domain-EGFR and EGFR mimotope (EM-L2) was constructed and its prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse (C57/BL6) model evaluated. Constructed recombinant peptide vaccine is capable of reacting with anti-EGFR antibodies. Immunization of mice with EM-L2 peptide resulted in antibody production against EM-L2. The constructed recombinant peptide vaccine reduced tumor growth and increased the survival rate. Designing effective peptide vaccines could be an encouraging strategy in contemporary cancer immunotherapy. Investigating the efficacy of such cancer immunotherapy approaches may open exciting possibilities concerning hyperimmunization, leading to more promising effects on tumor regression and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Asadi-Ghalehni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh RajabiBazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Khosravani
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Javanmardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Asadi-Ghalehni M, Ghaemmaghami M, Klimka A, Javanmardi M, Navari M, Rasaee MJ. Cancer immunotherapy by a recombinant phage vaccine displaying EGFR mimotope: an in vivo study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:274-9. [PMID: 25990849 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1027917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, several small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal-antibodies (like ICR-62) have been used to treat tumors over-expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the limitations associated with these conventional applications accentuate the necessity of alternative approaches. Mimotopes as compelling molecular tools could rationally be employed to circumvent these drawbacks. In the present study, an M13 phage displaying ICR-62 binding peptide mimotope is exploited as a vaccine candidate. It exhibited high affinity towards ICR62 and polyclonal anti-P-BSA antibodies. Following the mice immunization, phage-based mimotope vaccine induced humoral immunity. Elicited anti-EGFR mimotope antibodies were detected using ELISA method. Moreover, the phage vaccine was tested on the Lewis lung carcinoma mice model to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects. The tumor volume was measured and recorded in different animal groups to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of the vaccine. Our data indicate that the reported phage-based mimotope could potentially elicit specific antibodies resulting in low titers of EGFR-specific antibodies and reduced tumor growth. However, in vivo experiments of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination showed no specific advantage. Furthermore, phage-mimotope vaccine might be a promising approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Asadi-Ghalehni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran and
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Translating tumor antigens into cancer vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:23-34. [PMID: 21048000 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00286-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines represent a strategic successful tool used to prevent or contain diseases with high morbidity and/or mortality. However, while vaccines have proven to be effective in combating pathogenic microorganisms, based on the immune recognition of these foreign antigens, vaccines aimed at inducing effective antitumor activity are still unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the two licensed cancer-preventive vaccines targeting tumor-associated viral agents (anti-HBV [hepatitis B virus], to prevent HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, and anti-HPV [human papillomavirus], to prevent HPV-associated cervical carcinoma), along with the recent FDA approval of sipuleucel-T (for the therapeutic treatment of prostate cancer), represents a significant advancement in the field of cancer vaccines and a boost for new studies in the field. Specific active immunotherapies based on anticancer vaccines represent, indeed, a field in continuous evolution and expansion. Significant improvements may result from the selection of the appropriate tumor-specific target antigen (to overcome the peripheral immune tolerance) and/or the development of immunization strategies effective at inducing a protective immune response. This review aims to describe the vast spectrum of tumor antigens and strategies to develop cancer vaccines.
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Antigen Specific Memory T Cells and Their Putative Need for the Generation of Sustained Anti-Tumor Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 684:155-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6451-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hassanin H, Serba S, Schmidt J, Märten A. Ex vivo expanded telomerase-specific T cells are effective in an orthotopic mouse model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:125-32. [PMID: 19737239 PMCID: PMC2759067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity is over-expressed in nearly all pancreatic carcinomas, but not in chronic pancreatitis. Here, we investigated various protocols for expansion of telomerase-specific T cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model. Telomerase-specific T cells were generated by stimulation of splenocytes from peptide-immunized donor mice with either interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, artificial antigen-presenting cells, anti-signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) microbeads or allogeneic dendritic cells in combination with a limited dilution assay. T cells were tested for antigen specificity in vitro and for anti-tumour activity in syngeneic mice with orthotopically implanted tumours pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The immune cells from recipients were immunophenotyped. During a period of 2 weeks, the expansion approach using IL-2 was very successful in generating a high number of telomerase-specific CD8(+) T cells without losing their function after adoptive cell transfer. Significantly slower tumour growth rate and less metastasis were observed after adoptively transferring telomerase specific CD8(+) T cells, expanded using IL-2. Further investigations showed that anti-tumour efficacy was associated with a significant shift from naive CD8(+) T cells to CD8(+) central memory T cells, as well as recruitment of a high number of dendritic cells. Remarkable amounts of telomerase-specific T cells were detectable in the tumour. Generation of telomerase-specific T cells is feasible, whereat IL-2-based protocols seemed to be most effective and efficient. Antigen-specific T cells showed significant cytotoxic activity in a syngeneic, orthotopic mouse model, whereas central memory T cells but not effector memory T cells appear to be of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hassanin
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Weyer J, Rupprecht CE, Mans J, Viljoen GJ, Nel LH. Generation and evaluation of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine for rabies. Vaccine 2007; 25:4213-22. [PMID: 17434244 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has become a vaccine vector of choice for recombinant vaccine development. A MVA-based rabies vaccine would be advantageous for use as a vaccine for dogs (and wildlife), particularly if it proves innocuous and efficacious by the oral route. Here, the generation and immunological testing of a recombinant MVA expressing a rabies virus glycoprotein gene is described. In a murine model, higher dosages of recombinant MVA were needed to induce equivocal immune responses as with Vaccinia Copenhagen or Vaccinia Western Reserve recombinants, when administered by a parenteral route. The MVA recombinant was not immunogenic or efficacious when administered per os in naïve mice. The ability of the recombinant MVA to induce anamnestic responses in dogs and raccoons was also investigated. Recombinant MVA boosted humoral immune responses in these animals when administered peripherally, but not when administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Weyer
- University of Pretoria, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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9
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Rahman MM, Shaila MS, Gopinathan KP. Baculovirus display of fusion protein of Peste des petits ruminants virus and hemagglutination protein of Rinderpest virus and immunogenicity of the displayed proteins in mouse model. Virology 2004; 317:36-49. [PMID: 14675623 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedroviruses (BmNPV) displaying the immunodominant ectodomains of fusion glycoprotein (F) of Peste des petitis ruminants virus (PPRV) and the hemagglutinin protein (H) of Rinderpest virus (RPV), on the budded virions as well as the surface of the infected host cells have been constructed. The F and H protein sequences were inserted in-frame within the amino-terminal region of BmNPV envelope glycoprotein GP64 expressing under the strong viral polyhedrin (polh) promoter. We improved the recombinant virus selection in BmNPV by incorporating the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) as selection marker under a separate promoter within the transfer cassette harboring the desired genes. Following infection of the insect larvae or the host-derived BmN cells with these recombinant BmNPVs, the expressed GP64 fusion proteins were displayed on the host cell surface and the budded virions. The antigenic epitopes of the recombinant proteins were properly displayed and the recombinant virus particles induced immune response in mice against PPRV or RPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masmudur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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10
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Lee JY, Kim DH, Chung Y, Shin SU, Kang CY. Comparison of the antitumor efficacies of Her-2/neu DNA vaccines inducing contrasting IgG immunity but comparable CTL activity in mice. Vaccine 2003; 21:521-31. [PMID: 12531652 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The relative importance of CTL and antibodies in rejecting Her-2/neu-expressing tumors was evaluated in preventive and therapeutic models by DNA vaccination. Four human Her-2/neu-expressing plasmids (pNeu(TM), pNeu(ECD), pNeu(TM-gDs), and pNeu(ECD-gDs)) were generated encoding either the transmembrane and extracellular domains or the extracellular domain. Interestingly, these plasmids demonstrated substantial difference in inducing Her-2/neu-specific serum IgG according to their signal sequence when injected in BALB/c mice. pNeu(TM) and pNeu(ECD) induced high serum IgG titers. pNeu(TM-gDs) and pNeu(ECD-gDs) induced low or very low serum IgG titers, respectively. As a result, mice vaccinated with not only pNeu(ECD) but also pNeu(ECD-gDs) exhibited complete eradication of a small number of tumor cells. Nevertheless, when the number of tumor cells was increased in a therapeutic model, only pNeu(ECD) exhibited statistically significant antitumor immunity. These studies demonstrate that strong CTL may be sufficient in tumor prevention, but the collaboration of CTL and antibody may be required in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Youb Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Meijer SL, Dols A, Hu H, Jensen S, Poehlein CH, Chu Y, Winter H, Yamada J, Moudgil T, Wood WJ, Doran T, Justice L, Fisher B, Wisner P, Wood J, Vetto JT, Mehrotra R, Rosenheim S, Weinberg AD, Bright R, Walker E, Puri R, Smith JW, Urba WJ, Fox BA. Immunological and Molecular Analysis of the Sentinel Lymph Node: A Potential Approach to Predict Outcome, Tailor Therapy, and Optimize Parameters for Tumor Vaccine Development. J Clin Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270001417012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Meijer
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - A. Dols
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - H‐M. Hu
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - S. Jensen
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - C. H. Poehlein
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - Y. Chu
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - H. Winter
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - J. Yamada
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - T Moudgil
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - W. J. Wood
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - T Doran
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - L. Justice
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - B. Fisher
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - P. Wisner
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - J. Wood
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - J. T. Vetto
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - R. Mehrotra
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - S. Rosenheim
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - A. D. Weinberg
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - R. Bright
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - E. Walker
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - R. Puri
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - J. W. Smith
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - W. J. Urba
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
| | - B. A. Fox
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center
- Oregon Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute
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12
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Marciani DJ, Pathak AK, Reynolds RC, Seitz L, May RD. Altered immunomodulating and toxicological properties of degraded Quillaja saponaria Molina saponins. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:813-8. [PMID: 11357894 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quillaja saponins are readily hydrolyzed under physiological conditions, yielding deacylated forms that are significantly less toxic than their precursors. Yet, deacylated saponins are unable to stimulate a strong primary immune response. Although deacylated saponins elicit a strong total IgG response, their capacity to stimulate a Thl type IgG isotype profile (i.e. high levels of IgG2a and IgG2b) has been significantly diminished. Instead, an IgG profile closer to that of a Th2 immune response is stimulated (i.e. high IgG1 levels). Deacylated saponins have also lost their capacity to elicit an effective T cell immunity, as shown by their stimulation of a marginal lymphoproliferative response and their inability to elicit the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). Modification of the immune-modulating properties brought by the degradation of quillaja saponins during vaccine storage may change the intended immune response from a Th1 to a Th2 type. This alteration would have negligible effects on vaccines depending on Th2 immunity mediated by neutralizing antibodies. However, the performance of vaccines directed against intracellular pathogens as well as therapeutic cancer vaccines may be seriously affected by the loss of their capacity to stimulate both a Th1 immune response and the production of CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marciani
- Galenica Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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13
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Lo-Man R, Vichier-Guerre S, Bay S, Dériaud E, Cantacuzène D, Leclerc C. Anti-tumor immunity provided by a synthetic multiple antigenic glycopeptide displaying a tri-Tn glycotope. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:2849-54. [PMID: 11160353 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many cancer cells the alteration of glycosylation processes leads to the expression of cryptic carbohydrate moieties, which make them good targets for immune intervention. Identification of cancer-associated glycotopes as well as progress in chemical synthesis have opened up the way for the development of fully synthetic immunogens that can induce anti-saccharide immune responses. Here, we synthesized a dendrimeric multiple antigenic glycopeptide (MAG) containing the Tn Ag O:-linked to a CD4(+) T cell epitope. This MAG is based on three consecutive Tn moieties (tri-Tn) corresponding to the glycotope recognized by an mAb (MLS 128) produced against the LS180 colon carcinoma cell line. The Abs induced by this MAG recognized murine and human tumor cell lines expressing the Tn Ag. Prophylactic vaccination using MAG provided protection of mice against tumor challenge. When used in active specific immunotherapy, the MAG carrying the tri-Tn glycotope was much more efficient than the mono-Tn analogue in promoting the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, in active specific immunotherapy, a linear glycopeptide carrying two copies of the tri-Tn glycotope was shown to be poorly efficient compared with the dendrimeric MAG. Therefore, both the clustering of carbohydrate Ags and the way they are displayed seem to be important parameters for stimulating efficient anti-saccharide immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Glycopeptides/administration & dosage
- Glycopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Glycopeptides/immunology
- Glycopeptides/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Jurkat Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Poliovirus/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lo-Man
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires and Unité de Chimie Organique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Tumor growth is a multifactorial process that, in addition to mutations leading to dysregulated expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressive genes, requires specific conditions that provide a supportive physiological environment at the primary and metastatic sites of the disease. Adenosine is one of the factors potentially contributing to tumor growth that thus far has not received adequate attention, despite evidence for a broad range of cytoprotective, growth-promoting, and immunosuppressive activities. Adenosine accumulates in solid tumors at high concentrations, and has been shown to stimulate tumor growth and angiogenesis and to inhibit cytokine synthesis, adhesion of immune cells to the endothelial wall, and the function of T-cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. However, the mechanisms whereby adenosine accumulates in cancer and the specific effects that result from this accumulation are not well understood. This article surveys the available evidence that supports an important role of adenosine in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spychala
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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15
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Lindley KM, Su JL, Hodges PK, Wisely GB, Bledsoe RK, Condreay JP, Winegar DA, Hutchins JT, Kost TA. Production of monoclonal antibodies using recombinant baculovirus displaying gp64-fusion proteins. J Immunol Methods 2000; 234:123-35. [PMID: 10669777 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of protein immunogens is often a rate-limiting step in the production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Expressing domains of proteins as fusions to the baculovirus surface glycoprotein gp64 displays foreign proteins on the surface of the virion. Antigen is produced by inserting a gene fragment in-frame between the signal sequence and the mature protein domain of the gp64 nucleotide sequence. This method allows immunization with whole virus, eliminating the need for purification of target antigens. Affinity-matured Mabs to the human nuclear receptors LXRbeta and FXR have been produced using baculovirus particles displaying gp64/nuclear receptor fusion proteins as the immunizing agent. Immunizations were performed directly with pelleted virus using the Repetitive Immunization Multiple Sites (RIMMS) immunization strategy for rapid Mab production. All Mabs were identified using insect cells infected with the immunizing virus. Characterization of these antibodies shows them to be class-switched and specific for LXRbeta or FXR. Additionally, high affinity antibodies that recognize gp64 and neutralize baculovirus infection of insect cells were isolated. Use of the recombinant baculovirus gp64 display system makes possible the production of Mabs once a partial DNA sequence is known. This allows the generation of antibodies prior to the isolation of purified protein, in turn providing antibodies to facilitate purification, characterization and immunolocalization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lindley
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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