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Farzam F, Dabirmanesh B. Experimental techniques for detecting and evaluating the amyloid fibrils. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:183-227. [PMID: 38811081 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are insoluble proteins with intricate β-sheet structures associated with various human diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and prion diseases. Proteins can form aggregates when their structure is misfolded, resulting in highly organized amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates. The formation of protein aggregates is a promising research field for mitigating diseases and the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is important to monitor and minimize the appearance of aggregates in these protein products. Several methods exist to assess protein aggregation, that includes from basic investigations to advanced biophysical techniques. Physicochemical parameters such as molecular weight, conformation, structure, and dimension are examined to study aggregation. There is an urgent need to develop methods for the detection of protein aggregation and amyloid fibril formation both in vitro and in vivo. This chapter focuses on a comprehensive discussion of the methods used to characterize and evaluate aggregates and amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Farzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Koch LF, Best T, Wüstenhagen E, Adrian K, Rammo O, Saul MJ. Novel insights into the isolation of extracellular vesicles by anion exchange chromatography. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1298892. [PMID: 38312509 PMCID: PMC10836363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1298892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. EVs are involved in many physiological processes by transporting biologically active substances. Interest in EVs for diagnostic biomarker research and therapeutic drug delivery applications has increased in recent years. The realization of the full therapeutic potential of EVs is currently hampered by the lack of a suitable technology for the isolation and purification of EVs for downstream pharmaceutical applications. Anion Exchange Chromatography (AEX) is an established method in which specific charges on the AEX matrix can exploit charges on the surface of EVs and their interactions to provide a productive and scalable separation and purification method. The established AEX method using Eshmuno® Q, a strong tentacle anion exchange resin, was used to demonstrate the principal feasibility of AEX-based isolation and gain insight into isolated EV properties. Using several EV analysis techniques to provide a more detailed insight into EV populations during AEX isolation, we demonstrated that although the composition of CD9/63/81 remained constant for tetraspanin positive EVs, the size distribution and purity changed during elution. Higher salt concentrations eluted larger tetraspanin negative vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F. Koch
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Best
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Meike J. Saul
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Universtiy Cancer Center Hamburg, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Måge I, Wubshet SG, Wold JP, Solberg LE, Böcker U, Dankel K, Lintvedt TA, Kafle B, Cattaldo M, Matić J, Sorokina L, Afseth NK. The role of biospectroscopy and chemometrics as enabling technologies for upcycling of raw materials from the food industry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:342005. [PMID: 37996160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is important to utilize the entire animal in meat and fish production to ensure sustainability. Rest raw materials, such as bones, heads, trimmings, and skin, contain essential nutrients that can be transformed into high-value products. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis (EPH) is a bioprocess that can upcycle these materials to create valuable proteins and fats. This paper focuses on the role of spectroscopy and chemometrics in characterizing the quality of the resulting protein product and understanding how raw material quality and processing affect it. The article presents recent developments in chemical characterisation and process modelling, with a focus on rest raw materials from poultry and salmon production. Even if some of the technology is relatively mature and implemented in many laboratories and industries, there are still open challenges and research questions. The main challenges are related to the transition of technology and insights from laboratory to industrial scale, and the link between peptide composition and critical product quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Måge
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Wold
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Erik Solberg
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulrike Böcker
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katinka Dankel
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tiril Aurora Lintvedt
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Bijay Kafle
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Marco Cattaldo
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josipa Matić
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Liudmila Sorokina
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Kristian Afseth
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
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Didamoony MA, Soubh AA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Innovative preconditioning strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in gastrointestinal diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2973-2993. [PMID: 37874430 PMCID: PMC10692273 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have become a global health issue and an economic burden due to their wide distribution, late prognosis, and the inefficacy of recent available medications. Therefore, it is crucial to search for new strategies for their management. In the recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has attracted attention as a viable option for treating a myriad of GI disorders such as hepatic fibrosis (HF), ulcerative colitis (UC), acute liver injury (ALI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to their regenerative and paracrine properties. Importantly, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are responsible for most of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In addition, EVs have revealed several benefits over their parent MSCs, such as being less immunogenic, having a lower risk of tumour formation, being able to cross biological barriers, and being easier to store. MSC-EVs exhibited regenerative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in different experimental models of GI diseases. However, a key issue with their clinical application is the maintenance of their stability and efficacy following in vivo transplantation. Preconditioning of MSC-EVs or their parent cells is one of the novel methods used to improve their effectiveness and stability. Herein, we discuss the application of MSC-EVs in several GI disorders taking into account their mechanism of action. We also summarise the challenges and restrictions that need to be overcome to promote their clinical application in the treatment of various GI diseases as well as the recent developments to improve their effectiveness. A representation of the innovative preconditioning techniques that have been suggested for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in GI diseases. The pathological conditions in various GI disorders (ALI, UC, HF and NAFLD) create a harsh environment for EVs and their parents, increasing the risk of apoptosis and senescence of MSCs and thereby diminishing MSC-EVs yield and restricting their large-scale applications. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents or biological mediators can improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs through their adaption to the lethal environment to which they are subjected. This can result in establishment of a more conducive environment and activation of numerous vital trajectories that act to improve the immunomodulatory, reparative and regenerative activities of the derived EVs, as a part of MSCs paracrine system. ALI, acute liver injury; GI diseases, gastrointestinal diseases; HF, hepatic fibrosis; HSP, heat shock protein; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; MSC-EVs, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Deng M, Lv X, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Chen J, Liu Y. Cell factory-based milk protein biomanufacturing: Advances and perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125335. [PMID: 37315667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global population and protein demand cause global challenges for food supply. Fueled by significant developments in synthetic biology, microbial cell factories are constructed for the bioproduction of milk proteins, providing a promising approach for scalable and cost-effective production of alternative proteins. This review focused on the synthetic biology-based microbial cell factory construction for milk protein bioproduction. The composition, content, and functions of major milk proteins were first summarized, especially for caseins, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin. An economic analysis was performed to determine whether cell factory-based milk protein production is economically viable for industrial production. Cell factory-based milk protein production is proved to be economically viable for industrial production. However, there still exist some challenges for cell factory-based milk protein biomanufacturing and application, including the inefficient production of milk proteins, insufficient investigation of protein functional property, and insufficient food safety evaluation. Constructing new high-efficiency genetic regulatory elements and genome editing tools, coexpression/overexpression of chaperone genes, and engineering protein secretion pathways and establishing a cost-effective protein purification method are possible ways to improve the production efficiency. Milk protein biomanufacturing is one of the promising approaches to acquiring alternative proteins in the future, which is of great importance for supporting cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Wei Q, Liu X, Su JL, Wang YX, Chu ZQ, Ma K, Huang QL, Li HH, Fu XB, Zhang CP. Small extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells: A potential Weapon for chronic non-healing wound treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1083459. [PMID: 36704302 PMCID: PMC9872203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds have posed a severe threat to patients mentally and physically. Behavior dysregulation of remaining cells at wound sites is recognized as the chief culprit to destroy healing process and hinders wound healing. Therefore, regulating and restoring normal cellular behavior is the core of chronic non-healing wound treatment. In recent years, the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a promising option for chronic wound healing and the efficacy has increasingly been attributed to their exocrine functions. Small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) are reported to benefit almost all stages of wound healing by regulating the cellular behavior to participate in the process of inflammatory response, angiogenesis, re-epithelization, and scarless healing. Here, we describe the characteristics of MSC-sEVs and discuss their therapeutic potential in chronic wound treatment. Additionally, we also provide an overview of the application avenues of MSC-sEVs in wound treatment. Finally, we summarize strategies for large-scale production and engineering of MSC-sEVs. This review may possibly provide meaningful guidance for chronic wound treatment with MSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Long Su
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Xi Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Chu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Lin Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
| | - Cui-Ping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
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7
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Fei M, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhu X, Du C, Zhang Z. Development and validation of aggregates analysis method in analytical similarity assessment of HLX04 vs Avastin®. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 223:115121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Fekete S, Kizekai L, Sarisozen YT, Lawrence N, Shiner S, Lauber M. Investigating the secondary interactions of packing materials for size-exclusion chromatography of therapeutic proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Murisier A, Andrie M, Fekete S, Lauber M, D'Atri V, Iwan K, Guillarme D. Direct coupling of size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry for the characterization of complex monoclonal antibody products. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1997-2007. [PMID: 35278285 PMCID: PMC9311719 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the possibilities offered by an innovative bioinert size exclusion chromatography column for size variant characterization of complex monoclonal antibody products. This size exclusion chromatography column includes a novel column hardware surface. The column was prepared from metallic hardware components that were treated to have prototype hydrophilically modified hybrid organic–inorganic silica surfaces called hybrid surface technology. This provides a significant reduction in nondesired hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions that can occur between column and analyte when performing size exclusion chromatography analysis with volatile mobile phase. Compared to a reference stainless‐steel column packed with the same batch of packing material, peak tailing, band broadening, and above all recovery of high molecular weight species were distinctly improved for all types of monoclonal antibody products. Based on our observations, we found that 50 mM ammonium acetate in water was a suitable mobile phase offering good compromise in terms of liquid chromatography performance and mass spectrometry sensitivity. In addition, method repeatability (intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations) on elution times and high molecular weight species peak areas were found to be excellent. By using this innovative size exclusion chromatography material, the low and high molecular weight species contained in various stressed and nonstressed monoclonal antibody products were successfully characterized with mass spectrometry detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarande Murisier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Marie Andrie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation 34 Maple Street Milford Massachusetts 01757–3696 United States
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation 34 Maple Street Milford Massachusetts 01757–3696 United States
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Katharina Iwan
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH Nonnenwaldstr. 2 Penzberg 82377 Germany
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Abstract
Food carbohydrates are macronutrients that are found in fruits, grains, vegetables, and milk products. These organic compounds are present in foods in the form of sugars, starches, and fibers and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These wide ranging macromolecules can be classified according to their chemical structure into three major groups: low molecular weight mono- and disaccharides, intermediate molecular weight oligosaccharides, and high molecular weight polysaccharides. Notably, the digestibility of specific carbohydrate components differ and nondigestible carbohydrates can reach the large intestine intact where they act as food sources for beneficial bacteria. In this review, we give an overview of advances made in food carbohydrate analysis. Overall, this review indicates the importance of carbohydrate analytical techniques in the quest to identify and isolate health-promoting carbohydrates to be used as additives in the functional foods industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Kiely
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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11
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Al-Mohanna T, Popescu GV, Popescu SC. Methods to Analyze the Redox Reactivity of Plant Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2526:161-179. [PMID: 35657519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can be covalently modified by a broad range of highly reactive chemicals and redox mechanisms. Reversible redox-mediated post-translational modifications of sensitive cysteine thiol groups in proteins impact protein characteristics such as interaction behavior and activity state. Evaluating the response of proteins to redox perturbation or reactive chemical species is critical for understanding the underlying mechanisms involved and their contribution to plant stress physiology. Here we provide a detailed workflow that includes procedures for (i) purification, processing, and analysis of protein samples with redox agents, (ii) determining redox-modulated monomer to oligomer transitions using size exclusion chromatography, and (iii) activity assays for monitoring the impact of redox agents on purified enzymes and in crude extracts from plants subjected to oxidative stress. We exemplified how to apply several of the methods discussed for analyzing redox-sensing metallopeptidases, such as thimet oligopeptidases. We anticipate that these protocols should find broad applications in monitoring biochemical properties of other classes of redox-sensitive plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thualfeqar Al-Mohanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - George V Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Sorina C Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Hirose R, Yoshida T, Naito Y, Watanabe N, Hashimoto H, Sugino S, Bandou R, Daidoji T, Inoue K, Dohi O, Yoshida N, Nakaya T, Itoh Y. Differences between two sodium hyaluronate-based submucosal injection materials currently used in Japan based on viscosity analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5693. [PMID: 33707637 PMCID: PMC7952736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, two 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (HA)-based submucosal injection materials (SIMs) are currently used in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): MucoUp (HA-Mc) and Ksmart (HA-Ks). HA-Mc and HA-Ks have the same concentration and are, thus, construed by most endoscopists to have no difference. Nevertheless, visual observation conveys the impression that HA-Ks have a higher viscosity than HA-Mc, suggesting that HA-Ks performs better than HA-Mc. This study aimed to examine the differences between HA-Mc and HA-Ks. HA-Ks exhibited higher viscosity due to greater weight-average molecular weight compared with HA-Mc. HA-Ks had significantly greater submucosal elevation height (SEH) than HA-Mc; the SEH of HA-Ks-80% (80% dilution of HA-Ks) was the same as that of HA-Mc. The ESD procedure time was significantly shorter with HA-Ks than with HA-Mc (15.2 ± 4.1 vs. 19.5 ± 5.9; P = 0.049). The total injection volume for HA-Ks was significantly lower than that for HA-Mc (10.8 ± 3.6 vs. 14.4 ± 4.6; P = 0.045). However, no significant difference in these items was observed between HA-Mc and HA-Ks-80%. HA-Mc and HA-Ks were considered to be almost the same. Nonetheless, HA-Ks exhibited higher viscosity and SIM performance than HA-Mc. HA-Ks-80% had almost the same performance as HA-Mc. Thus, understanding SIM performance and characteristics requires a focus on the viscosity of SIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Hirose
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoto Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugino
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Risa Bandou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Daidoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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13
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Sidhom K, Obi PO, Saleem A. A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6466. [PMID: 32899828 PMCID: PMC7556044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane of the cell. Several methods have been described in literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, and cell culture media, among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) has been widely used to isolate exosomes, other techniques including ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) have emerged as credible alternatives with pros and cons associated with each. In this review, we provide a summary of commonly used exosomal isolation techniques with a focus on SEC as an ideal methodology. We evaluate the efficacy of SEC to isolate exosomes from an array of biological fluids, with a particular focus on its application to adipose tissue-derived exosomes. We argue that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise. However, it must be noted that while SEC is a good candidate method to isolate exosomes, direct comparative studies are required to support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sidhom
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Biology of Breathing Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Patience O. Obi
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Biology of Breathing Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Biology of Breathing Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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14
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Wang L, Trang HK, Desai J, Dunn ZD, Richardson DD, Marcus RK. Fiber-based HIC capture loop for coupling of protein A and size exclusion chromatography in a two-dimensional separation of monoclonal antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1098:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Solution structures and biophysical analysis of full-length group A PAKs reveal they are monomeric and auto-inhibited in cis. Biochem J 2019; 476:1037-1051. [PMID: 30858169 PMCID: PMC6448136 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The group A p21-activated kinases (PAKs) exist in an auto-inhibited form until activated by GTPase binding and auto-phosphorylation. In the auto-inhibited form, a regulatory domain binds to the kinase domain (KD) blocking the binding of substrates, and CDC42 or Rac binding to the regulatory domain relieves this auto-inhibition allowing auto-phosphorylation on the KD activation loop. We have determined the crystal structure of the PAK3 catalytic domain and by small angle X-ray scattering, the solution-phase structures of full-length inactive PAK1 and PAK3. The structures reveal a compact but elongated molecular shape that demonstrates that, together with multiple independent biophysical measurements and in contrast with previous assumptions, group A PAKs are monomeric both before and after activation, consistent with an activation mechanism of cis-auto-inhibition and initial cis-auto-phosphorylation, followed by transient dimerisation to allow trans-auto-phosphorylation for full activation, yielding a monomeric active PAK protein.
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16
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Arakawa T, Gagnon P. Excluded Cosolvent in Chromatography. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2297-2305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Use of Cyclodextrin as a Novel Agent in the SEC-HPLC Mobile Phase to Mitigate the Interactions of Proteins or Peptide or their Impurities with the Residual Silanols of Commercial SEC-HPLC Columns with Improved Separation and Resolution. Pharm Res 2018; 35:168. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Machuca MA, Roujeinikova A. Method for Efficient Refolding and Purification of Chemoreceptor Ligand Binding Domain. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286481 DOI: 10.3791/57092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of natural ligands of chemoreceptors and structural studies aimed at elucidation of the molecular basis of the ligand specificity can be greatly facilitated by the production of milligram amounts of pure, folded ligand binding domains. Attempts to heterologously express periplasmic ligand binding domains of bacterial chemoreceptors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) often result in their targeting into inclusion bodies. Here, a method is presented for protein recovery from inclusion bodies, its refolding and purification, using the periplasmic dCACHE ligand binding domain of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) chemoreceptor Tlp3 as an example. The approach involves expression of the protein of interest with a cleavable His6-tag, isolation and urea-mediated solubilisation of inclusion bodies, protein refolding by urea depletion, and purification by means of affinity chromatography, followed by tag removal and size-exclusion chromatography. The circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to confirm the folded state of the pure protein. It has been demonstrated that this protocol is generally useful for production of milligram amounts of dCACHE periplasmic ligand binding domains of other bacterial chemoreceptors in a soluble and crystallisable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A Machuca
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Department of Microbiology, Monash University;
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Department of Microbiology, Monash University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University;
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19
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Some Lessons Learned From a Comparison Between Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Characterize and Quantify Protein Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2178-2186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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An improved size exclusion-HPLC method for molecular size distribution analysis of immunoglobulin G using sodium perchlorate in the eluent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:330-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Goyon A, Beck A, Colas O, Sandra K, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Evaluation of size exclusion chromatography columns packed with sub-3μm particles for the analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1498:80-89. [PMID: 27914608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the practical possibilities and limitations of several recently introduced size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) columns of 150×4.6mm, sub-3μm (Agilent AdvanceBioSEC 2.7μm, Tosoh TSKgel UP-SW3000 2.0μm, Phenomenex Yarra SEC X-150 1.8μm and Waters Acquity BEH200 1.7μm) for the separation of biopharmaceutical proteins. For this purpose, some model proteins were tested, as well as several commercial therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs). Calibration curves were drawn to highlight the applicability of these new SEC columns for the separation of mAbs, ADCs and their aggregates, despite some differences in their nominal pore diameter (vary from 150 to 300Å). The kinetic performance (van Deemter curves and kinetic pots) was evaluated. Columns packed with 1.7-2.0μm particles improved the plate count by a factor of 1.5-2 compared to 2.7μm particles, which is in agreement with theoretical expectations. Finally, possible secondary hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions between the SEC stationary phases and biopharmaceutical proteins were systematically studied. Significant differences in nonspecific interactions were observed, with hydrophobic interactions generally exerting more influence than electrostatic interactions. The use of a novel bond chemistry with the AdvanceBioSEC column was found highly effective to limit non-specific interactions and pave the way to further improvements for column provider. At the end, the average resolutions achieved on the four sub-3μm SEC columns between monomer and dimer structures were comparable for ten approved mAbs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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22
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Bobály B, Sipkó E, Fekete J. Challenges in liquid chromatographic characterization of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:3-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Mallu MR, Vemula S, Ronda SR. Efficient single step chromatographic purification of recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:112. [PMID: 28330182 PMCID: PMC5398195 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a glycoprotein that inactivates the several physiological target enzymes of coagulation system. The effect of purification strategies plays a crucial role in getting maximum recovery of yield, purity and biological activity of recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT). In the present work, the task of purifying rhAT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 has been carried out using two different approaches such as cross flow filtration (CFF) system and chromatography methods. In the first approach, the protein was concentrated and partially purified through CFF to achieve maximum recovery yield and purity of 87 and 94 %, respectively. In the second approach, purification involved a single step chromatography with various types of ion exchange and size exclusion resins to analyze the maximum rhAT recovery yield and purity. From the experimental results, it has been observed that the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique with Superose 12 matrix was suitable for the purification of rhAT and achieved the maximum recovery yield and purity of 51 and 97 %, respectively. Further, to acquire a high recovery yield and purity of rhAT, the effect of various chromatographic conditions such as mobile phase, mobile phase pH, flow rate, sample volume and sample concentration were also investigated. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, rhAT was significantly recovered and purified in a single step with maximum recovery yield, purity and biological activity of 67, 99 % and 410 IU/L, respectively. Based on these investigations, it was concluded that SEC with Superose 12 matrix was a more suitable and a potential method for the purification of rhAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswara Reddy Mallu
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 502, India
| | - Sandeep Vemula
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 502, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Ronda
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522 502, India.
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24
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Hung JJ, Borwankar AU, Dear BJ, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. High concentration tangential flow ultrafiltration of stable monoclonal antibody solutions with low viscosities. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Tan TRM, Hoi KM, Zhang P, Ng SK. Characterization of a Polyethylene Glycol-Amphotericin B Conjugate Loaded with Free AMB for Improved Antifungal Efficacy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152112. [PMID: 27008086 PMCID: PMC4805162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) is a highly hydrophobic antifungal, whose use is limited by its toxicity and poor solubility. To improve its solubility, AMB was reacted with a functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG), yielding soluble complex AmB-PEG formulations that theoretically comprise of chemically conjugated AMB-PEG and free AMB that is physically associated with the conjugate. Reverse-phase chromatography and size exclusion chromatography methods using HPLC were developed to separate conjugated AMB-PEG and free AmB, enabling the further characterization of these formulations. Using HPLC and dynamic light scattering analyses, it was observed that the AMB-PEG 2 formulation, having a higher molar ratio of 2 AMB: 1 PEG, possesses more free AMB and has relatively larger particle diameters compared to the AMB-PEG 1 formulation, that consists of 1 AMB: 1 PEG. The identity of the conjugate was also verified using mass spectrometry. AMB-PEG 2 demonstrates improved antifungal efficacy relative to AMB-PEG 1, without a concurrent increase in in vitro toxicity to mammalian cells, implying that the additional loading of free AMB in the AMB-PEG formulation can potentially increase its therapeutic index. Compared to unconjugated AMB, AMB-PEG formulations are less toxic to mammalian cells in vitro, even though their MIC50 values are comparatively higher in a variety of fungal strains tested. Our in vitro results suggest that AMB-PEG 2 formulations are two times less toxic than unconjugated AMB with antifungal efficacy on Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Rui Min Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Meng Hoi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Gagnon P, Nian R. Conformational plasticity of IgG during protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1433:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Lambrecht MA, Rombouts I, Van Kelst L, Delcour JA. Impact of extraction and elution media on non-size effects in size exclusion chromatography of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Krawczyk T, Marian K, Pawlyta M. Linear polymer separation using carbon-nanotube-modified centrifugal filter units. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:725-31. [PMID: 26331777 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The separation of linear polymers such as polysaccharides and polyethylene glycol was performed with modified commercial centrifugal filter units. The deposition of a 0.16-0.35 μm layer of modified carbon nanotubes prevented permeation of linear polymers of molecular weight higher than 20 000 Da through the membrane. It allowed facile purification of solution of 0.1 g of polymer samples from small molecules within 25 min by using a bench-top centrifuge. The structure of modified carbon nanotubes was optimized in order to achieve good adhesion to the low binding regenerated cellulose surface and low solubility in aqueous solutions after deposition. The best modification of carbon nanotubes was oxidation and subsequent amide formation of diethanolamine. Introduction of acetic acid groups using sodium chloroacetate worked equally well. The modified filter could be used multiple times without the decrease of the efficiency. The carbon nanotubes layer was stable in aqueous solutions in a pH range of 1-7. The proposed method provides a convenient way of purification of modified polymers in research areas such as drug delivery or macromolecular probes synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Marian
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Pawlyta
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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29
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Liu J, Postupalenko V, Duskey JT, Palivan CG, Meier W. pH-Triggered Reversible Multiple Protein-Polymer Conjugation Based on Molecular Recognition. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12066-73. [PMID: 26291123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation for protein-based therapeutics has been developed extensively, but it still suffers from conjugation leading to decrease in protein activity and generates complexes with limited diversity due to general classical systems only incorporating one protein per each complex. Here we introduce a site-specific noncovalent protein-polymer conjugation, which can reduce the heterogeneity of the conjugates without disrupting protein function, while allowing for the modulation of binding affinity and stability, affecting the pH dependent binding of the number of proteins per polymer. We compared classical one protein-polymer conjugates with multiple protein-polymer conjugates using His-tagged enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (His6-eYFP) and metal-coordinated tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (trisNTA-Me(n+)) in a site-specific way. trisNTA-Me(n+)-His6 acts as a reversible linker with pH-triggered release of functional protein from the trisNTA-functionalized copolymers. The nature of the selected Me(n+) and number of available trisNTA-Me(n+) on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-tris-nitrilotriacetic acid acrylamide) (PNTn) copolymers enables predictable modulation of the conjugates binding affinity (0.09-1.35 μM), stability, cell toxicity, and pH responsiveness. This represents a promising platform that allows direct control over the properties of multiple protein-polymer conjugates compared to the classical single protein-polymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Postupalenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Jason T Duskey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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30
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Analysis of therapeutic proteins and peptides using multiangle light scattering coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1537-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Gagnon P, Nian R, Leong D, Hoi A. Transient conformational modification of immunoglobulin G during purification by protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1395:136-42. [PMID: 25882588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of three native IgG1 monoclonal antibodies to 100mM acetate, pH 3.5 had no significant effect on their hydrodynamic size (11.5±0.5nm), while elution from protein A with the same buffer created a conformation of 5.5±1.0nm. Formation of the reduced-size conformation was preceded by the known destabilization of the second constant domain of the heavy chain (Cγ2) by contact with protein A, then compounded by exposure to low pH, creating extended flexibility in the hinge-Cγ2 region and allowing the Fab region to fold over the Fc region. The reduced-size conformation was necessary for complete elution. It persisted unchanged for at least 7 days under elution conditions. Physiological conditions restored native size, and it was maintained on re-exposure to 100mM acetate, pH 3.5. Protein A-mediated destabilization and subsequent restoration of native size did not create aggregates, but the reduced-size conformation was more susceptible to aggregation by secondary stress than native antibody. Protein A-mediated formation of the reduced-size conformation is probably universal during purification of human IgG1 antibodies, and may occur with other subclasses and IgG from other species, as well as Fc-fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Gagnon
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Rui Nian
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Denise Leong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Aina Hoi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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Bourven I, Simon S, Bhatia D, van Hullebusch ED, Guibaud G. Effect of various size exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns on the fingerprints of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from biological sludge. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teska BM, Kumar A, Carpenter JF, Wempe MF. Analyzing insulin samples by size-exclusion chromatography: a column degradation study. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1555-60. [PMID: 25581527 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Investigating insulin analogs and probing their intrinsic stability at physiological temperature, we observed significant degradation in the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) signal over a moderate number of insulin sample injections, which generated concerns about the quality of the separations. Therefore, our research goal was to identify the cause(s) for the observed signal degradation and attempt to mitigate the degradation in order to extend SEC column lifespan. In these studies, we used multiangle light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods to evaluate column degradation. The results from these studies illustrate: (1) that zinc ions introduced by the insulin product produced the observed column performance issues; and (2) that including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a zinc chelator, in the mobile phase helped to maintain column performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Teska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
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Silva MS, Graça VC, Reis LV, Santos PF, Silvestre S, Granadeiro L, Almeida P, Queiroz JA, Sousa F. 3,3'-Diamino-N-methyldipropylamine as a versatile affinity ligand. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:732-40. [PMID: 25556997 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, in biomedicine and biotechnology fields, there is a growing need to develop and produce biomolecules with a high degree of purity. To accomplish this goal, new purification methods are being developed looking for higher performance, efficiency, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. Affinity chromatography is considered one of the most highly selective methods for biomolecules purification. The purpose of this work is to explore a new type of a structurally simple ligand immobilized onto an agarose matrix to be used in affinity chromatography. The ligand in this study, 3,3'-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine has shown low toxicity and low cost of preparation. Moreover, the ability of the ligand to be used in affinity chromatography to purify proteins and nucleic acids was verified. An increasing sodium chloride gradient, using salt concentrations up to 500 mM, was suitable to accomplish the purification of these biomolecules, meaning that the new support allows the recovery of target biomolecules under mild conditions. Thus, the 3,3'-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine ligand is shown to be a useful and versatile tool in chromatographic experiments, with very good results either for proteins or supercoiled plasmid isoform purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Silva
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Application of coupled affinity-sizing chromatography for the detection of proteolyzed HSA-tagged proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 108:80-84. [PMID: 25514202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coupled affinity liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography (ALC-SEC) is a technique that has been shown to successfully report product quality of proteins during cell expression and prior to the commencement of downstream processing chromatography steps. This method was applied to monitoring the degradation and subsequent partial remediation of a HSA-tagged protein which showed proteolysis, allowing for rapid cell line development to address this product quality dilemma. This paper outlines the novel application of this method for measuring and addressing protease-induced proteolysis.
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Theory and practice of size exclusion chromatography for the analysis of protein aggregates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mwaanga P, Carraway ER, van den Hurk P. The induction of biochemical changes in Daphnia magna by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:201-209. [PMID: 24699179 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Whilst a considerable number of studies have been reported on the acute toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) on invertebrates such as Daphnia magna, few studies have been reported on the biochemical change (biomarkers) induction on these species by NPs, especially metal oxide NPs. The aim of this study was to investigate some biomarkers in D. magna induced by copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs under controlled laboratory conditions. We exposed the 5 day old D. magna for 72 h to sublethal concentration of CuO and ZnO NPs in synthetic moderately hard water (MHW) with and without dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) and estimated the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and amounts of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and metallothionein (MT). Additionally, complementary short term dissolution studies on CuO and ZnO NPs were conducted. The results showed inactivation of GST enzyme by both metal oxide NPs. The results also showed increased production of oxidized GSH, increased generation of TBARS and increased induction of MT. In the presence of NOM, significant reduction (p<0.05) in these biochemical changes was observed. These results indicated that oxidative stress is one of the toxicity mechanisms for these metal oxide NPs. Furthermore, the results suggest that these metal oxide NPs compromise the health of D. magna, and possibly other aquatic organisms, and therefore have potential to affect ecosystem stability. The short term dissolution studies showed that the proportion of dissolved NPs is higher (1.2% and 70% of initial concentration for dissolved Cu and Zn, respectively) at low particle concentration and is lower (0.4% and 17% of initial concentration for dissolved Cu and Zn, respectively) at higher particle concentration. These results suggest that the observed toxicity may be caused by both metal oxide nanoparticles and metal ions dissociated from the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phenny Mwaanga
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.
| | - Elizabeth R Carraway
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, USA
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Saraswat M, Musante L, Ravidá A, Shortt B, Byrne B, Holthofer H. Preparative purification of recombinant proteins: current status and future trends. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:312709. [PMID: 24455685 PMCID: PMC3877584 DOI: 10.1155/2013/312709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in fermentation technologies have resulted in the production of increased yields of proteins of economic, biopharmaceutical, and medicinal importance. Consequently, there is an absolute requirement for the development of rapid, cost-effective methodologies which facilitate the purification of such products in the absence of contaminants, such as superfluous proteins and endotoxins. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of a selection of key purification methodologies currently being applied in both academic and industrial settings and discuss how innovative and effective protocols such as aqueous two-phase partitioning, membrane chromatography, and high-performance tangential flow filtration may be applied independently of or in conjunction with more traditional protocols for downstream processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Saraswat
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Luca Musante
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Ravidá
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian Shortt
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry Byrne
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin 9, Ireland
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Lemmerer M, London AS, Panicucci A, Gutierrez-Vargas C, Lihon M, Dreier P. Coupled affinity and sizing chromatography: A novel in-process analytical tool to measure titer and trend Fc-protein aggregation. J Immunol Methods 2013; 393:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Hong P, Koza S, Bouvier ESP. Size-Exclusion Chromatography for the Analysis of Protein Biotherapeutics and their Aggregates. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012; 35:2923-2950. [PMID: 23378719 PMCID: PMC3556795 DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.743724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use and number of biotherapeutics has increased significantly. For these largely protein-based therapies, the quantitation of aggregates is of particular concern given their potential effect on efficacy and immunogenicity. This need has renewed interest in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). In the following review we will outline the history and background of SEC for the analysis of proteins. We will also discuss the instrumentation for these analyses, including the use of different types of detectors. Method development for protein analysis by SEC will also be outlined, including the effect of mobile phase and column parameters (column length, pore size). We will also review some of the applications of this mode of separation that are of particular importance to protein biopharmaceutical development and highlight some considerations in their implementation.
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Patois E, Capelle M, Palais C, Gurny R, Arvinte T. Evaluation of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in the characterization of therapeutic antibodies and seasonal influenza vaccines: pros and cons. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Uliyanchenko E, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Challenges in polymer analysis by liquid chromatography. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Manta B, Obal G, Ricciardi A, Pritsch O, Denicola A. Tools to evaluate the conformation of protein products. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:731-41. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Fang DZ, Striemer CC, Gaborski TR, McGrath JL, Fauchet PM. Methods for controlling the pore properties of ultra-thin nanocrystalline silicon membranes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:454134. [PMID: 21339620 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/45/454134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) membranes are a new class of solid-state ultra-thin membranes with promising applications ranging from biological separations to use as a platform for electron imaging and spectroscopy. Because the thickness of the membrane is only 15-30 nm, on the order of that of the molecules to be separated, mass transport through the membrane is greatly enhanced. For applications involving molecular separations, it is crucial that the membrane is highly permeable to some species while being nearly impermeable to others. An important approach to adjusting the permeability of a membrane is by changing the size and density of the pores. With pnc-Si, a rapid thermal treatment is used to induce nanopore formation in a thin film of nanocrystalline silicon, which is then released over a silicon scaffold using an anisotropic etchant. In this study, we examine the influence of thin film deposition and thermal treatment parameters on pore size and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Fang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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The use of a new mobile phase, with no multivalent cation binding properties, to differentiate extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), from biomass used for wastewater treatment. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Bond MD, Panek ME, Zhang Z, Wang D, Mehndiratta P, Zhao H, Gunton K, Ni A, Nedved ML, Burman S, Volkin DB. Evaluation of a dual-wavelength size exclusion HPLC method with improved sensitivity to detect protein aggregates and its use to better characterize degradation pathways of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2582-97. [PMID: 20039394 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of a dual wavelength size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (DW-SE-HPLC) method with improved sensitivity to detect aggregates in a high concentration IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation is presented. This technique utilizes ultraviolet detection at two different wavelengths to monitor the levels of monomer, aggregate, and fragments and was shown to have improved sensitivity for the detection aggregates and fragments compared to light scattering (LS) detection. After assay optimization including the use of column conditioning, the limit of quantitation for aggregates was determined to be 0.04% with essentially complete recovery of aggregates from the column (>99.5%). The DW-SE-HPLC method was used to evaluate the level of protein aggregates generated by different environmental conditions such as exposure to elevated temperatures/acidic pH or intense light. The detection and characterization of protein aggregates by DW-SE-HPLC was compared with an orthogonal biophysical technique (sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation, SV-AUC). A good overall correlation was observed for levels of monomer, aggregates (dimer and multimers), and fragments as measured by the two analytical techniques (e.g., 6.0% vs. 5.3% and 14% vs. 11% for dimeric aggregates generated by elevated temperature/acidic pH and light exposure, respectively). The stability profile of a high concentration IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation was investigated under stressed storage conditions (40 degrees C over 3 months) using the DW-SE-HPLC method including the loss of monomeric species with the concomitant accumulation of both aggregates and fragments. The nature and composition of the aggregates (primarily noncovalent dimers) and fragments (primarily loss of Fab from an intact IgG1) formed during storage were further characterized by a combination of LS measurements and mass spectroscopy analysis of deglycosylated IgG1 samples isolated by preparative SE-HPLC. The combination of DW-SE-HPLC, SV-AUC, LS, and mass spectroscopy results provided a detailed overall understanding the monomer, aggregate, fragment degradation pathway(s) for a high concentration IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Bond
- BioPharmaceutical Development and Marketed Product Support, Centocor R&D, Inc., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
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Carpenter JF, Randolph TW, Jiskoot W, Crommelin DJ, Middaugh C, Winter G. Potential inaccurate quantitation and sizing of protein aggregates by size exclusion chromatography: Essential need to use orthogonal methods to assure the quality of therapeutic protein products. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2200-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Arakawa T, Ejima D, Li T, Philo JS. The critical role of mobile phase composition in size exclusion chromatography of protein pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1674-92. [PMID: 19894271 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the most widely used method for aggregation analysis of pharmaceutical proteins. However SEC analysis has a number of limitations, and one of the most important ones is protein adsorption to the resin. This problem is particularly severe when using new columns, and often column preconditioning protocols are required. This review focuses on the role that addition of various cosolvents to the mobile phase plays in suppressing that protein adsorption. Cosolvents such as salt, amino acids, and organic solvents are often used for this purpose. Because the protein interaction with the resin surface is highly heterogeneous, different cosolvents affect the protein adsorption differently. We will summarize the various effects of cosolvents on protein adsorption and retention and describe the mechanism of the cosolvent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
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49
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Simon S, Païro B, Villain M, D'Abzac P, Van Hullebusch E, Lens P, Guibaud G. Evaluation of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in anaerobic granular sludges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6258-68. [PMID: 19660939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from three granular and one flocculant anaerobic sludges were characterised by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using two serially linked chromatographic columns in order to obtain more detailed chromatograms. A Superdex peptide 10/300 GL (0.1-7 kDa) and Superdex 20010/300 GL (10-600 kDa) from Amersham Biosciences were used in series with a mobile phase at pH 7 with an ionic strength of 0.223 M (phosphate buffer 50 mM and NaCl 150 mM). A part of the EPS molecules displays hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions with the column packing. Interactions could be modified by changing the mobile phase ionic strength or polarity (addition of acetonitrile). The detection wavelength (210 or 280 nm) affects strongly the EPS chromatogram. For a sludge originating from the same type of biofilms (i.e., anaerobic granules), the differences in EPS fingerprints are mainly due to differences in the absorbance of the chromatographic peaks, linked to EPS molecules content and composition. The EPS fingerprint changes significantly when the EPS originate from another type of anaerobic sludges. In addition, EPS fingerprints were affected by the extraction method used (centrifugation only; heat and centrifugation or cationic exchange resin and centrifugation). This phenomenon was observed mainly for the largest and smallest molecules and molecules which display interactions with column packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Simon
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123, Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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50
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Rosenberg E, Hepbildikler S, Kuhne W, Winter G. Ultrafiltration concentration of monoclonal antibody solutions: Development of an optimized method minimizing aggregation. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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