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Safari E, Hassan ZM. Immunomodulatory effects of shark cartilage: Stimulatory or anti-inflammatory. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bargahi A, Hassan ZM, Rabbani A, Langroudi L, Noori S, Safari E. Effect of shark cartilage derived protein on the NK cells activity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:403-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.500294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ovchinnikova LP, Rotskaya UN, Vasyunina EA, Sinitsina OI, Kandalintseva NV, Prosenko AE, Nevinskii GA. Antioxidative activity of thiophane [bis(3-(3,5-di-tret-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)sulfide]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kemeleva EA, Vasiunina EA, Sinitsyna OI, Khomchenko AS, Gross MA, Kandalintseva NV, Prosenko AE, Nevinskiĭ GA. [New promising antioxidants based on 2,6-dimethylphenol]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008; 34:558-69. [PMID: 18695730 DOI: 10.1134/s106816200804016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new sulfur-containing derivatives of 2,6-dimethylphenol were synthesized. Their antioxidative activity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity were examined by bacterial tests and by calculating the dominant lethal mutations in murine embryonic cells. It was shown that all the compounds synthesized have a marked antioxidative effect and no genotoxic or mutagenic properties. One of the antioxidants, 4-(3-dodecylthiopropyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol, increases the survival of cells of both the wild-type Escherichia coli strain and bacterial strains defective in the genes of repair enzymes and has a more distinct antioxidative effect than the classic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and trolox, increasing the survival of cells devoid of repair enzymes.
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Montbriand MJ. Herbs or Natural Products That Protect Against Cancer Growth: Part Three of a Four-Part Series. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 31:E127-46. [PMID: 15547627 DOI: 10.1188/04.onf.e127-e146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide evidence-based research information about 47 herbs and natural products that have the potential to protect against the development of cancer. DATA SOURCES Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database and Lawrence Review of Natural Products-Monograph System. Information about these herbs has been found in evidence-based studies cited in the references. DATA SYNTHESIS Early research shows that some herbs and natural products appear to have the potential to prevent cancer growth. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary evidence may be useful to healthcare professionals or patients who are concerned about cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Oncology nurses who receive this information can become resources for patients or other healthcare professionals.
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Loprinzi CL, Levitt R, Barton DL, Sloan JA, Atherton PJ, Smith DJ, Dakhil SR, Moore DF, Krook JE, Rowland KM, Mazurczak MA, Berg AR, Kim GP. Evaluation of shark cartilage in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2005; 104:176-82. [PMID: 15912493 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shark cartilage has been a popular complementary or alternative medicine intervention. The basis for this popularity is the claim that sharks rarely get cancer because of the high proportion of cartilage in the shark's body. However, early studies were equivocal. Therefore, a clinical trial was conducted to look at the impact of shark cartilage in patients with advanced cancer. The primary goal of this trial was to determine whether a shark cartilage product improved overall survival for patients with advanced cancer who were getting standard care. Secondary research goals were to evaluate toxicities, tolerability, and quality of life associated with this shark cartilage product. METHODS The study was a two-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial. Patients with incurable breast or colorectal carcinoma had to have good performance status and organ function. Patients could be receiving chemotherapy. Patients were all to receive standard care and then to be randomly selected to receive either a shark cartilage product or an identical-appearing and smelling placebo 3 to 4 times each day. RESULTS Data on a total of 83 evaluable patients were analyzed. There was no difference in overall survival between patients receiving standard care plus a shark cartilage product versus standard care plus placebo. Likewise, there was no suggestion of improvement in quality of life for patients receiving the shark cartilage, compared with those receiving placebo. CONCLUSION This trial was unable to demonstrate any suggestion of efficacy for this shark cartilage product in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Loprinzi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 56301, USA.
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Kralovec JA, Guan Y, Metera K, Carr RI. Immunomodulating principles from shark cartilage. Part 1. Isolation and biological assessment in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:657-69. [PMID: 12757735 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from shark cartilage exhibiting powerful immunostimulating activity in vitro are described. The study shows that a simple extraction with water is very effective in producing the immunostimulating principles and implies that it is ideal for scale-up and manufacturing on a large scale. The extracts are potent stimulators of B cells and macrophages isolated from BALB/c mice spleen while stimulation of T cells was insignificant in our in vitro models. The study demonstrates that the active principles are thermally stable proteoglycans with molecular masses exceeding 100 kDa. This in vitro study represents an important step needed for further assessment of the products in vivo and their value for nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kralovec
- Bioscience Enterprise Centre, Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd., 1721 Lower Water Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 1S5.
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Luiz RC, Jordão BQ, Eira AFD, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Non-mutagenic or Genotoxic Effects of Medicinal Aqueous Extracts from the Agaricus blazei Mushroom in V79 Cells. CYTOLOGIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.68.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Luiz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina
| | - B. Q. Jordão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina
| | - A. F. da Eira
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Módulo de Cogumelos, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP
| | | | - M. S. Mantovani
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina
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Durusoy M, Karagöz E, Oztürk K. Assessment of the relationship between the antimutagenic action of riboflavin and glutathione and the levels of antioxidant enzymes. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:598-602. [PMID: 12550071 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study the role of antioxidant enzymes on the antimutagenic actions of riboflavin and reduced glutathione against mutagenic potentials of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and mitomycin C have been investigated. For this purpose the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes have been determined in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA100 strains preincubated with different combinations of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, mitomycin C, riboflavin and reduced glutathione for thirty minutes. Also in part of the same samples, the mutagenicity has been determined for each combination of chemicals by using Salmonella preincubation test. The correlation between the levels of antioxidant enzymes and mutagenicity and antimutagenicity has been investigated.While riboflavin displayed a weakly antimutagenic effect on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide mutagenicity in TA102 and TA100 (0.25, 0.35 inhibition respectively), it did not have any effect on the strong mutagenicity of mitomycin C in both strains. Reduced glutathione, a well known antioxidant, had no antimutagenic effect against the mutagenicity of both compounds in TA102 and TA100 strains. The antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase, seemed to have no direct effect on the antimutagenic action of riboflavin and mutagenic action of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and mitomycin C because no change in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase was detected in relation to antimutagenicity of riboflavin and mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and mitomycin C in both strains. It should be noted that many antimutagens have more than one mechanism of action and their effect depends on the mutagens being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mübeccel Durusoy
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, 06532, Ankara, Turkey
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Conde CM, Albano F, Bouskela E, Felzenszwalb I, Svensjö E. Inhibition of ischemia/reperfusion induced plasma leakage by α-tocopherol, trolox, and a shark cartilage preparation with anti-oxidant properties. Nutr Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(01)00351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kovary K, Louvain TS, Costa e Silva MC, Albano F, Pires BB, Laranja GA, Lage CL, Felzenszwalb I. Biochemical behaviour of norbixin during in vitro DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Br J Nutr 2001; 85:431-40. [PMID: 11348557 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antioxidants such as carotenoids are extensively studied for their potential in reducing the risk for cancer and other chronic diseases. In the present study, the radical-scavenger activity of the food additive norbixin, a water-soluble carotenoid extracted from Bixa orellana seeds and commercialized as annatto, was evaluated under conditions of DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species, particularly by hydroxyl radicals. The cell-free scavenger activity of norbixin was evaluated using plasmid DNA as target molecule and Sn2+ or Fe2+ as oxidant. The addition of H2O2 enhanced DNA breakage induced by metal ions, particularly Fe2+. Under these conditions, norbixin started to protect plasmid DNA against single- and double-strand breakage at a metal:norbixin ratio of 1:1 (Sn2+) and 1:10 (Fe2+). However, at lower ratios to Sn2+, norbixin enhanced Sn2+-induced DNA breakage (P < 0.05). The ability of norbixin to protect genomic DNA against oxidative damage was assessed in murine fibroblasts submitted to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and the results were evaluated by the comet assay. Under low serum conditions (2 % fetal bovine serum (FBS)), a protective effect of norbixin against H2O2-induced DNA breakage was inversely related to its concentration, a protection ranging from 41 % (10 microm) to 21 % (50 microm). At higher concentrations of norbixin, however, oxidative DNA breakage was still enhanced, even in the presence of a high serum concentration (10 % FBS). Under normal conditions, norbixin per se has no detectable genotoxic or cytotoxic effects on murine fibroblasts. The antimutagenic potential of norbixin against oxidative mutagens was also evaluated by the Salmonella typhimurium assay, with a maximum inhibition of 87 % against the mutagenicity induced by H2O2. Although plasmid DNA and Ames data indicated that norbixin can protect DNA against oxidative damage, it seems to be a risky guardian of genomic DNA as it can also increase the extent of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kovary
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Abstract
Three tinctures samples from extracts of the popular medicinal plant Thuya occidentalis were tested in vitro through two short term tests for measuring the activity of genotoxic chemicals. Using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome (Mutatest) assay and the SOS-chromotest (induction of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli), none of the extract was effective in inducing mutagenesis or beta-galactosidase synthesis (as an indicator of general and early sign of DNA damage), even with metabolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Valsa
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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da Costa Lopes L, Albano F, Augusto Travassos Laranja G, Marques Alves L, Fernando Martins e Silva L, Poubel de Souza G, de Magalhães Araujo I, Firmino Nogueira-Neto J, Felzenszwalb I, Kovary K. Toxicological evaluation by in vitro and in vivo assays of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus leaves. Toxicol Lett 2000; 116:189-98. [PMID: 10996480 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus dried leaves, a plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and kidney malfunctions, was estimated by different bioassays. Mutagenicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains), with or without metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity (lyophilized extract tested up to 50 mg/plate) could be detected to any of the tester strain. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effect has been observed when a crude extract of E. macrophyllus (up to 7.5 mg/ml) was tested on the exponential growth of hepatoma and normal kidney epithelial cells in culture. Toxicity of E. macrophyllus was also evaluated in male Swiss mice after 6 weeks of continuous ingestion of the aqueous extract in drinking water. Average daily ingested doses were 3, 23 and 297 mg/kg for a lyophilized extract, and 2200 mg/kg for a crude extract, with dose two being equivalent to the daily dose recommended to humans. At the end of the treatment, all animals revealed a deficit in final body weight ranging from 5 to 47%. Biochemical analysis of the plasma revealed some minor alterations indicating subclinical hepatic toxicity. Genotoxic effect on liver, kidney and blood cells has been also evaluated by the comet assay, being negative to liver and blood cells. However, DNA analyses of the kidney cells detected some genotoxic activity for the highest dose tested of E. macrophyllus extract, either lyophilized or crude. On the other hand, exposure dose of 23 mg/kg, equivalent to the daily dose recommended to humans, did not revealed any genotoxic effect and hence this herb seems to be safe to human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L da Costa Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 4 andar, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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