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Bachhav SS, Dighe VD, Devarajan PV. Exploring Peyer's Patch Uptake as a Strategy for Targeted Lung Delivery of Polymeric Rifampicin Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4434-4445. [PMID: 30106591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of nanoparticles through Peyer's Patches following oral administration could enable translocation through lymph to lymphatic organs like the lungs. An important consideration, however, is nanosize and particle hydrophobicity. Furthermore, as delivering the nanoparticles to the intestine where the Peyer's Patches are localized is important, their intact and rapid transit through the stomach into the intestine is highly desirable. We report hydrophobization of mucoadhesive Rifampicin-GantrezAN-119 nanoparticles (GzNP) using a hydrophobic polymer, ethyl cellulose (EC), with the objectives of augmenting Peyer's Patch uptake due to enhanced hydrophobicity and increased intestinal localization as a result of decreased mucoadhesion. RIF-Gantrez-EC nanoparticles (ECGzNP2) exhibited >13% RIF loading and an average particle size of 400-450 nm, which is appropriate for translation through lymph following Peyer's Patch uptake. Higher contact angle (67.3 ± 3.5° vs 30.3 ± 2.1°) and lower mucoadhesion (30.7 ± 4.8 g vs 87.0 ± 3.0 g) of ECGzNP2 over GzNP confirmed hydrophobization and lower mucoadhesion. Fluorescence photomicrographs of intraduodenally administered coumarin-labeled RIF-NP in rats demonstrated higher Peyer's Patch uptake with ECGzNP2, while the increased lung/plasma RIF ratio signified lymph mediated lung targeting. The gastrointestinal transit study in rats, which revealed a significantly higher intestine-to-stomach accumulation ratio with ECGzNP2 (3.4) compared to GzNP (1.0) [ p < 0.05], confirmed availability of the NP in the intestine for Peyer's Patch uptake. Such uptake enabled 182.4 ± 22.6% increase in relative bioavailability, a ∼2-fold higher plasma AUC/MIC ratio and significantly higher lung concentration with ECGzNP2, thereby proposing better efficacy. A significantly higher lung/liver ratio with ECGzNP2 also suggested lower hepatic exposure. The repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study demonstrated the safety of the nanocarrier and reduced hepatotoxicity with ECGzNP2 compared to RIF. We hereby demonstrate uptake of orally administered NP through Peyer's Patches as a feasible strategy for lung targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) , Mumbai - 400019 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Vikas D Dighe
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology , National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH) , ICMR, J. M. Street, Parel , Mumbai - 400 012 , India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) , Mumbai - 400019 , Maharashtra , India
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Hodgins DC, Alkie TN, Quinteiro-Filho W, Yitbarek A, Astill J, Sharif S. Oral administration of PLGA-encapsulated CpG ODN and Campylobacter jejuni lysate reduces cecal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. Vaccine 2017; 36:388-394. [PMID: 29223488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a major cause of bacterial food-borne illness in humans. It is considered a commensal organism of the chicken gut and infected chickens serve as a reservoir and shed bacteria throughout their lifespan. Contaminated poultry products are considered the major source of infection in humans. Therefore, to reduce the risk of human campylobacteriosis, it is essential to reduce the bacterial load in poultry products. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of soluble and PLGA-encapsulated oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs (E-CpG ODN) as well as C. jejuni lysate as a multi-antigen vaccine against colonization with C. jejuni. The results revealed that oral administration of a low (5 µg) or high (50 µg) dose of CpG resulted in a significant reduction in cecal C. jejuni colonization by 1.23 and 1.32 log10 (P < .05) in layer chickens, respectively, whereas E-CpG significantly reduced cecal C. jejuni colonization by 1.89 and 1.46 log10 in layer and broiler chickens at day 22 post-infection (slaughter age in broilers), respectively. Similar patterns were observed for C. jejuni lysate; oral administration of C. jejuni lysate reduced the intestinal burden of C. jejuni in layer and broiler chickens by 2.24 and 2.14 log10 at day 22 post-infection, respectively. Moreover, the combination of E-CpG and C. jejuni lysate reduced bacterial counts in cecal contents by 2.42 log10 at day 22 post-infection in broiler chickens. Anti-C. jejuni IgG antibody (Ab) titers were significantly higher for broiler chickens receiving a low or high dose of E-CpG or a low dose of C. jejuni lysate than for chickens receiving the placebo. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum IgG Ab titers and cecal counts of C. jejuni in these groups. These findings suggest that PLGA-encapsulated CpG or C. jejuni lysate could be a promising strategy for control of C. jejuni in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Douglas C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tamiru Negash Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wanderely Quinteiro-Filho
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Gene expression profiling of chicken cecal tonsils and ileum following oral exposure to soluble and PLGA-encapsulated CpG ODN, and lysate of Campylobacter jejuni. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:67-74. [PMID: 29173590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in humans. Contaminated chicken meat is an important source of infection for humans. Chickens are not clinically affected by colonization, and immune responses following natural infection have limited effects on bacterial load in the gut. Induction of intestinal immune responses may possibly lead to a breakdown of the commensal relationship of chickens with Campylobacter. We have recently shown that soluble and poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) as well as C. jejuni lysate, are effective in reducing the intestinal burden of C. jejuni in chickens; however, the mechanisms behind this protection have yet to be determined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of host responses conferred by these treatments. Chickens were treated orally with soluble CpG ODN, or PLGA-encapsulated CpG ODN, or C. jejuni lysate, and expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides was evaluated in cecal tonsils and ileum using quantitative RT-PCR. Oral administration of soluble CpG ODN upregulated the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, CXCLi2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4/1, IL-10 and IL-13, while treatment with PLGA-encapsulated CpG ODN upregulated the expression of IL-1β, CXCLi2, TGF-β4/1, IL-13, avian β-defensin (AvBD) 1, AvBD2 and cathelicidin 3 (CATHL-3). C. jejuni lysate upregulated the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, TGF-β4/1, IL-13, AvBD1, and CATHL-3. In conclusion, induction of cytokine and antimicrobial peptides expression in intestinal microenvironments may provide a means of reducing C. jejuni colonization in broiler chickens, a key step in reducing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Jaafari MR. Preparation, Characterization, and Mucoadhesive Properties of Chitosan-Coated Microspheres Encapsulated with Cyclosporine A. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:492-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701744004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liman M, Peiser L, Zimmer G, Pröpsting M, Naim HY, Rautenschlein S. A genetically engineered prime-boost vaccination strategy for oculonasal delivery with poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles against infection of turkeys with avian Metapneumovirus. Vaccine 2007; 25:7914-26. [PMID: 17920166 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we demonstrated the use of an oculonasally delivered poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticle (PLGA-MP)-based and genetically engineered vaccination strategy in the avian system. An avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) fusion (F) protein-encoding plasmid vaccine and the corresponding recombinant protein vaccine were produced and bound to or encapsulated by PLGA-MP, respectively. The PLGA-MP as the controlled release system was shown in vitro to not induce any cytopathic effects and to efficiently deliver the F protein-based aMPV-vaccines to avian cells for further processing. Vaccination of turkeys was carried out by priming with an MP-bound F protein-encoding plasmid vaccine and a booster-vaccination with an MP-encapsulated recombinant F protein. Besides the prime-boost F-specific vaccinated birds, negative control birds inoculated with a mock-MP prime-boost regimen as well as non-vaccinated birds and live vaccinated positive control birds were included in the study. The MP-based immunization of turkeys via the oculonasal route induced systemic humoral immune reactions as well as local and systemic cellular immune reactions, and had no adverse effects on the upper respiratory tract. The F protein-specific prime-boost strategy induced partial protection. After challenge the F protein-specific MP-vaccinated birds showed less clinical signs and histopathological lesions than control birds of mock MP-vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups did. The vaccination improved viral clearance and induced accumulation of local and systemic CD4+ T cells when compared to the mock MP-vaccination. It also induced systemic aMPV-neutralizing antibodies. The comparison of mock- and F protein-specific MP-vaccinated birds to non-vaccinated control birds suggests that aMPV-specific effects as well as adjuvant effects mediated by MP may have contributed to the overall protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Liman
- Clinic of Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Nanotechnology, or systems/device manufacture at sizes generally ranging between 1 and 100 nm, is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. The genesis of nanotechnology can be traced to advances in medicine, communications, genomics and robotics. One of the greatest values of nanotechnology will be in the development of new and effective medical treatments (i.e. nanomedicine). This review focuses on the potential of nanomedicine as it relates to the development of nanoparticles for enabling and improving the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. We highlight the use of nanoparticles for specific intra-compartmental analysis using the examples of delivery to malignant cancers, to the central nervous system, and across the gastrointestinal barriers.
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Shakweh M, Ponchel G, Fattal E. Particle uptake by Peyer's patches: a pathway for drug and vaccine delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2005; 1:141-63. [PMID: 16296726 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.1.1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Particle uptake by Peyer's patches offers the possibility of tailoring vaccines that can be delivered orally. However, particle uptake by the follicle-associated epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract depends on several different factors that are the physicochemical properties of the particles, the physiopathological state of the animal, the analytical method used to evaluate the uptake and finally the experimental model. These parameters do not allow a clear idea about the optimal conditions to target the Peyer's patches. The goal of this review is to clarify the role of each factor in this uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjed Shakweh
- University of Paris-South, Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR CNRS 8612, 5 rue Jean-Batiste Clement, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Shakweh M, Besnard M, Nicolas V, Fattal E. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) particles of different physicochemical properties and their uptake by peyer's patches in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 61:1-13. [PMID: 16005619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano-and microparticles of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were formulated using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC) or polyethyleneimine (PEI) as stabilizers. The uptake by murine Peyer's patches (PPs) and the binding to Peyer's patches-free tissue (PPFT) of these particles was investigated using fluorescence microscopy providing qualitative information about the tissue distribution of particles. Observations of intestinal cryo-sections showed significant discrimination in the uptake by PP of nano-and microparticles. The uptake by PPs of PLGA-PVA and PLGA-HMHEC nano-and microparticles, of negative and neutral zeta potential, respectively, was comparable, whereas a smaller number was observed in the case of nano-and microparticles of PLGA-PEI, positively charged. Moreover, particle uptake by PPs appeared to be strongly size-dependent. The number of particles of mean diameter around 0.3 and 1 microm observed in PPs was much greater than that of particles of diameter average close to 3 microm. However, in all cases, particles were found in the PPFT for at least 48 h. In conclusion, regarding the tissue samples we have observed, it appeared that the uptake of particles by PPs and binding to PPFT could be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the particles but this may not have been true at all sites of the intestine and may differ between animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjed Shakweh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Jochemsen P, Jeurissen SHM. The localization and uptake of in ovo injected soluble and particulate substances in the chicken. Poult Sci 2002; 81:1811-7. [PMID: 12512571 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.12.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization of in ovo injected substances in the chicken was investigated. We determined that localization is dependent on the nature of substances and the time of in ovo injection. In ovo injections with soluble bromodeoxyuridin (BrdU), particulate colloidal carbon, 40 nm fluorescent microspheres, and live Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) were performed with a 25-mm (1-in) needle at Days 16 and 18 of incubation (DI-16 and DI-18, respectively). Localization of injected substances was determined in several organs using immunocytochemical methods. At DI-16, approximately 50% of the substances were detected in the organs; therefore, the localization of substances was not consistent. At DI-18, the substances were injected into the amnion. The substances entered the embryo by the mouth and were ingested into the intestinal and respiratory tract. All substances reached the lungs of the embryo via the trachea and the bronchi and were absorbed by the gas exchange tissue. In addition, the substances were absorbed by the bursa. Particulate colloidal carbon and microspheres remained in the organs where they were taken up initially for the rest of time of the experiment. Live IBDV, however, was distributed to other organs of the embryo. Soluble BrdU was found in all investigated organs of the embryo in high amounts. These results demonstrate that in ovo injection at DI-18 is an effective route to introduce substances into the chicken embryo, whereby the characteristics of the substance determine its final localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jochemsen
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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