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Ballout N, Frappé I, Péron S, Jaber M, Zibara K, Gaillard A. Development and Maturation of Embryonic Cortical Neurons Grafted into the Damaged Adult Motor Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:55. [PMID: 27536221 PMCID: PMC4971105 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the human central nervous system can lead to devastating consequences due to its poor ability to self-repair. Neural transplantation aimed at replacing lost neurons and restore functional circuitry has proven to be a promising therapeutical avenue. We previously reported in adult rodent animal models with cortical lesions that grafted fetal cortical neurons could effectively re-establish specific patterns of projections and synapses. The current study was designed to provide a detailed characterization of the spatio-temporal in vivo development of fetal cortical transplanted cells within the lesioned adult motor cortex and their corresponding axonal projections. We show here that as early as 2 weeks after grafting, cortical neuroblasts transplanted into damaged adult motor cortex developed appropriate projections to cortical and subcortical targets. Grafted cells initially exhibited characteristics of immature neurons, which then differentiated into mature neurons with appropriate cortical phenotypes where most were glutamatergic and few were GABAergic. All cortical subtypes identified with the specific markers CTIP2, Cux1, FOXP2, and Tbr1 were generated after grafting as evidenced with BrdU co-labeling. The set of data provided here is of interest as it sets biological standards for future studies aimed at replacing fetal cells with embryonic stem cells as a source of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissrine Ballout
- Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1084Poitiers, France; Pole Biologie Sante, Université de Poitiers, U1084Poitiers, France; Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon; ER045 - Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, DSSTBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Frappé
- Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1084Poitiers, France; Pole Biologie Sante, Université de Poitiers, U1084Poitiers, France
| | - Sophie Péron
- Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1084Poitiers, France; Pole Biologie Sante, Université de Poitiers, U1084Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1084Poitiers, France; Pole Biologie Sante, Université de Poitiers, U1084Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de PoitiersPoitiers, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon; ER045 - Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, DSSTBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Afsaneh Gaillard
- Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1084Poitiers, France; Pole Biologie Sante, Université de Poitiers, U1084Poitiers, France
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Abstract
Cocaine treatment paired with environmental cues establishes a conditioned place preference (CPP) for that environment. After expression of this preference, rats show elevated levels of immediate early genes (IEGs; e.g. c-fos) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), basolateral amygdala complex (BLC), and nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) compared with drug-unpaired controls. These findings, together with the known connections between these regions, suggest that they function as a circuit contributing to cue-elicited craving. To investigate the function of this circuit during drug-seeking, we characterized Fos immunoreactivity of particular neuron classes in each region. To distinguish between IEG activation of GABAergic and non-GABAergic (principally, excitatory projection) neurons, we combined Fos immunohistochemistry with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) proteins. Within the BLC and NAcc of drug-paired and drug-unpaired animals tested for CPP, we observed no significant differences in the percentage of Fos-immunoreactive (IR) cells that were also GAD67-IR. We also observed no group difference in the degree of Fos/CAMKII overlap in the BLC. However, in PrL, the degree of Fos/GAD67 overlap in the drug-paired group was significantly higher than in the drug-unpaired group. Also, the Fos/CAMKII overlap in the entire PrL as well as just its layer V was significantly lower in the drug-paired animals compared with controls. These findings suggest that, during CPP expression in cocaine-paired animals, the PrL GABAergic interneurons are preferentially activated while PrL output is attenuated, perhaps through greater inhibition of layer V pyramidal neurons. These results suggest a shifting prefrontal cortex cell population response during cocaine-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Miller
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Gaillard A, Nasarre C, Roger M. Early (E12) cortical progenitors can change their fate upon heterotopic transplantation. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17:1375-83. [PMID: 12713640 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To help understand how the cortical map is set up during the early stages of corticogenesis, we have examined the developmental fate of embryonic day (E) 12 cortical progenitors in the rat. We have analysed the pattern of thalamic connections and cytoarchitectonic organization developed by progenitor cells removed at E12 from the presumptive parietal or occipital cortex and grafted into the parietal cortex of newborn hosts. Occipital progenitors grafted into the parietal cortex differentiated into neurons that developed reciprocal connections with the ventrobasal complex of the host thalamus. They could also form barrel-like structures, within which axons of the ventrobasal complex were distributed in dense patches. Some of these barrel-like structures were arranged in rows. Moreover, these progenitors failed to develop characteristic traits of occipital cortex cells as they did not establish connections with the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. We propose that cortical progenitors are not committed at E12 and, upon heterotopic transplantation, have the capacity to respond to local cues and to subsequently differentiate and maintain major phenotypic characteristics of neurons in their new environment. Only early progenitors are multipotent. By E13/E14, indeed, most cortical cells become irreversibly committed and upon heterotopic transplantation differentiate neurons with phenotypic characteristics of their cortical site of origin (Pinaudeau et al., 2000, Eur. J. Neurosci., 12, 2486-2496).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Gaillard
- CNRS: UMR 6558, Biomembranes et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Poitiers, PBS, Faculté des Sciences, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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