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An Immune Suppression-associated EBV-positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With a BRAF V600E Mutation. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 43:140-146. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gardella KA, Muro I, Fang G, Sarkar K, Mendez O, Wright CW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) isoforms control lymphoid cancer cell proliferation through differentially regulating tumor suppressor p53 activity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10710-22. [PMID: 26909609 PMCID: PMC4905433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is involved in xenobiotic and hypoxic responses, and we previously showed that ARNT also regulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling by altering the DNA binding activity of the RelB subunit. However, our initial study of ARNT-mediated RelB modulation was based on simultaneous suppression of the two ARNT isoforms, isoform 1 and 3, and precluded the examination of their individual functions. We find here that while normal lymphocytes harbor equal levels of isoform 1 and 3, lymphoid malignancies exhibit a shift to higher levels of ARNT isoform 1. These elevated levels of ARNT isoform 1 are critical to the proliferation of these cancerous cells, as suppression of isoform 1 in a human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line, and an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell line, triggered S-phase cell cycle arrest, spontaneous apoptosis, and sensitized cells to doxorubicin treatment. Furthermore, co-suppression of RelB or p53 with ARNT isoform 1 prevented cell cycle arrest and blocked doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Together our findings reveal that certain blood cancers rely on ARNT isoform 1 to potentiate proliferation by antagonizing RelB and p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Significantly, our results identify ARNT isoform 1 as a potential target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie A Gardella
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Israel Muro
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and The Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gloria Fang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and The Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Krishnakali Sarkar
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Omayra Mendez
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Casey W Wright
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and The Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Burman B, Misteli T, Pegoraro G. Quantitative detection of rare interphase chromosome breaks and translocations by high-throughput imaging. Genome Biol 2015; 16:146. [PMID: 26313373 PMCID: PMC4531802 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a method for the sensitive detection of rare chromosome breaks and translocations in interphase cells. HiBA-FISH (High-throughput break-apart FISH) combines high-throughput imaging with the measurement of the spatial separation of FISH probes flanking target genome regions of interest. As proof-of-principle, we apply hiBA-FISH to detect with high sensitivity and specificity rare chromosome breaks and translocations in the anaplastic large cell lymphoma breakpoint regions of NPM1 and ALK. This method complements existing approaches to detect translocations by overcoming the need for precise knowledge of translocation breakpoints and it extends traditional FISH by its quantitative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Burman
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- NCI High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Szuhai K, van Doorn R, Tensen CP. Array-CGH analysis of cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 973:197-212. [PMID: 23412792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-281-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes a study in which the pattern of numerical chromosomal alterations in cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) tumor samples was defined using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). First, the array-based CGH technique applied is outlined in detail. Next, its application in the analysis of C-ALCL tumor specimens is described. This approach resulted in the identification of highly recurrent chromosomal alterations in C-ALCL that include gain of 7q31 and loss on 6q16-6q21 and 13q34, each affecting 45% of the patients. The pattern characteristic of C-ALCL differs markedly from chromosomal alterations observed in other CTCL such as mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome and yielded several candidate genes with potential relevance in the pathogenesis of C-ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szuhai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPK kinase family, plays a key role in B-cell growth and development. In the present study, we examined the potential role of TAK1 as a therapeutic target for lymphoma. Here, we show that the active phosphorylated form of TAK1 is abundantly expressed in a panel of lymphoma cell lines, including mantle cell, anaplastic large cell, and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. Silencing TAK1 expression via the use of siRNA inhibited the activation of NF-κB and p38 and induced apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines. Moreover, submicromolar concentrations of AZ-TAK1, a novel ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of TAK1, dephosphorylated TAK1, p38, and IκB-α in lymphoma cell lines. These molecular events were associated with the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, activation of caspase 9, and induction of apoptosis. We also demonstrate that primary lymphoma cells express TAK1 and pTAK1 and were sensitive to AZ-TAK1-mediated cell death. Collectively, our data demonstrate an essential role for TAK1 in regulating critical survival mechanisms in lymphoma and suggest that it may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Fullwood MJ, Lee J, Lin L, Li G, Huss M, Ng P, Sung WK, Shenolikar S. Next-generation sequencing of apoptotic DNA breakpoints reveals association with actively transcribed genes and gene translocations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26054. [PMID: 22087219 PMCID: PMC3210745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA fragmentation is a well-recognized hallmark of apoptosis. However, the precise DNA sequences cleaved during apoptosis triggered by distinct mechanisms remain unclear. We used next-generation sequencing of DNA fragments generated in Actinomycin D-treated human HL-60 leukemic cells to generate a high-throughput, global map of apoptotic DNA breakpoints. These data highlighted that DNA breaks are non-random and show a significant association with active genes and open chromatin regions. We noted that transcription factor binding sites were also enriched within a fraction of the apoptotic breakpoints. Interestingly, extensive apoptotic cleavage was noted within genes that are frequently translocated in human cancers. We speculate that the non-random fragmentation of DNA during apoptosis may contribute to gene translocations and the development of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Fullwood
- A*STAR-Duke-NUS Neuroscience Partnership, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lifang Lin
- A*STAR-Duke-NUS Neuroscience Partnership, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoliang Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Signature Research Programs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Abstract
The concept of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) has changed over the years because of a stream of new information and novel understanding regarding the cell of origin, biology, genetics, and clinical features of these neoplasms. This new information has led to the current classification proposed by the expert reviewers of the World Health Organization. The objective of this review is to present the most updated information on the cytologic and histologic features of these entities, with a special reference to diagnostic algorithms. A detailed description of the genetic aberrations and the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to transformation is presented. The clinical features of ALCL and novel tailored strategies are briefly illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma NOS Show Distinct Chromosomal Alterations and Differential Expression of Chemokine Receptors and Apoptosis Regulators. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:563-75. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fornari A, Piva R, Chiarle R, Novero D, Inghirami G. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: one or more entities among T-cell lymphoma? Hematol Oncol 2009; 27:161-70. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gloghini A, Buglio D, Khaskhely NM, Georgakis G, Orlowski RZ, Neelapu SS, Carbone A, Younes A. Expression of histone deacetylases in lymphoma: implication for the development of selective inhibitors. Br J Haematol 2009; 147:515-25. [PMID: 19775297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Unselective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a promising novel therapy for lymphoid malignancies. However, these treatments remain empiric as the pattern of HDAC enzymes in different types of cancer, including lymphoid malignancies, remains unknown. We examined the expression of class I and class II HDACs in a panel of cell lines and tissue sections from primary lymphoid tumours. Class I enzymes were highly expressed in all cell lines and primary tumours studied, including the non-malignant reactive cells in the Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) microenvironment. The most frequently altered HDAC expression was HDAC6, as it was either weakly expressed or undetected in 9/14 (64%) of lymphoid cell lines and in 83/89 (93%) of primary lymphoma tissue specimens, including 50/52 (96%) cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 18/22 (82%) cases of classical HL. Cell lines that had low expression level of HDAC6 demonstrated aberrant expression of hyper-acetylated tubulin, and were found to be more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of the class I HDAC inhibitor MGCD0103. Collectively, our data demonstrate that HDAC6 is rarely expressed in primary lymphoma cases, suggesting that it may not be an important therapeutic target in these lymphoid malignancies.
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Fadlelmola FM, Zhou M, de Leeuw RJ, Dosanjh NS, Harmer K, Huntsman D, Lam WL, Banerjee D. Sub-megabase resolution tiling (SMRT) array-based comparative genomic hybridization profiling reveals novel gains and losses of chromosomal regions in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma cell lines. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:2. [PMID: 18179710 PMCID: PMC2254646 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL), are forms of malignant lymphoma defined by unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics, but both overexpress CD30. We used sub-megabase resolution tiling (SMRT) array-based comparative genomic hybridization to screen HL-derived cell lines (KMH2 and L428) and ALCL cell lines (DEL and SR-786) in order to identify disease-associated gene copy number gains and losses. Results Significant copy number gains and losses were observed on several chromosomes in all four cell lines. Assessment of copy number alterations with 26,819 DNA segments identified an average of 20 genetic alterations. Of the recurrent minimally altered regions identified, 11 (55%) were within previously published regions of chromosomal alterations in HL and ALCL cell lines while 9 (45%) were novel alterations not previously reported. HL cell lines L428 and KMH2 shared gains in chromosome cytobands 2q23.1-q24.2, 7q32.2-q36.3, 9p21.3-p13.3, 12q13.13-q14.1, and losses in 13q12.13-q12.3, and 18q21.32-q23. ALCL cell lines SR-786 and DEL, showed gains in cytobands 5p15.32-p14.3, 20p12.3-q13.11, and 20q13.2-q13.32. Both pairs of HL and ALCL cell lines showed losses in 18q21.32-18q23. Conclusion This study is considered to be the first one describing HL and ALCL cell line genomes at sub-megabase resolution. This high-resolution analysis allowed us to propose novel candidate target genes that could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL. FISH was used to confirm the amplification of all three isoforms of the trypsin gene (PRSS1/PRSS2/PRSS3) in KMH2 and L428 (HL) and DEL (ALCL) cell lines. These are novel findings that have not been previously reported in the lymphoma literature, and opens up an entirely new area of research that has not been previously associated with lymphoma biology. The findings raise interesting possibilities about the role of signaling pathways triggered by membrane associated serine proteases in HL and aggressive NHL, similar to those described in epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M Fadlelmola
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics (CTAG), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
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Rust R, Visser L, van der Leij J, Harms G, Blokzijl T, Deloulme JC, van der Vlies P, Kamps W, Kok K, Lim M, Poppema S, van den Berg A. High expression of calcium-binding proteins, S100A10, S100A11 and CALM2 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2005; 131:596-608. [PMID: 16351635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) are characterised by the presence of CD30-positive large cells, which usually are of T-cell type. Based on the presence or absence of translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) locus, ALCL cases can be divided into two groups. To gain more insight in the biology of ALCL, we applied serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) on the Karpas299 cell line and identified 25 up- and 19 downregulated genes. Comparison of the differentially expressed genes with DNA copy number changes in Karpas299 revealed that two overexpressed genes, S100A10 and S100A11, were located in an amplicon suggesting that the increased mRNA levels were caused by DNA amplification. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on 5 ALCL cell lines and 12 ALCL tissues confirmed the SAGE data for 13 out of 14 up- and one out of four downregulated genes. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of S100A10, a calcium-binding protein, in three out of five ALK+ and all 7 ALK- ALCL cases. S100A11 staining was confirmed in all ALK+ and six of seven ALK- ALCL cases. Three of the upregulated genes represented calcium-binding proteins, which suggest that altered intracellular signaling might be associated with the oncogenesis of ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rust
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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