1
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Laus AC, Gomes INF, da Silva ALV, da Silva LS, Milan MB, AparecidaTeixeira S, Martin ACBM, do Nascimento Braga Pereira L, de Carvalho CEB, Crovador CS, de Paula FE, Nascimento FC, de Freitas HT, de Lima Vazquez V, Reis RM, da Silva-Oliveira RJ. Establishment and molecular characterization of HCB-541, a novel and aggressive human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1170-1183. [PMID: 38565739 PMCID: PMC11194207 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer that can result in significant morbidity, although it is usually well-managed and rarely metastasizes. However, the lack of commercially available cSCC cell lines hinders our understanding of this disease. This study aims to establish and characterize a new metastatic cSCC cell line derived from a Brazilian patient. A tumor biopsy was taken from a metastatic cSCC patient, immortalized, and named HCB-541 after several passages. The cytokeratin expression profile, karyotypic alterations, mutational analysis, mRNA and protein differential expression, tumorigenic capacity in xenograft models, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. The HCB-541 cell line showed a doubling time between 20 and 30 h and high tumorigenic capacity in the xenograft mouse model. The HCB-541 cell line showed hypodiploid and hypotetraploidy populations. We found pathogenic mutations in TP53 p.(Arg248Leu), HRAS (Gln61His) and TERT promoter (C228T) and high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in both tumor and cell line. We observed 37 cancer-related genes differentially expressed when compared with HACAT control cells. The HCB-541 cells exhibited high phosphorylated levels of EGFR, AXL, Tie, FGFR, and ROR2, and high sensitivity to cisplatin, carboplatin, and EGFR inhibitors. Our study successfully established HCB-541, a new cSCC cell line that could be useful as a valuable biological model for understanding the biology and therapy of metastatic skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Izabela Natalia Faria Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Aline Larissa Virginio da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sussuchi da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Mirella Baroni Milan
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Silvia AparecidaTeixeira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Baptista Moreno Martin
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Letícia do Nascimento Braga Pereira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Souza Crovador
- Department of Surgery of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Escremin de Paula
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Flávia Caroline Nascimento
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Helder Teixeira de Freitas
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Vinicius de Lima Vazquez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
- Department of Surgery of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato José da Silva-Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil.
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Pommerenke C, Nagel S, Haake J, Koelz AL, Christgen M, Steenpass L, Eberth S. Molecular Characterization and Subtyping of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Provide Novel Insights into Cancer Relevant Genes. Cells 2024; 13:301. [PMID: 38391914 PMCID: PMC10886524 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell lines are important and commonly used in vitro models in breast cancer (BC) research. Selection of the appropriate model cell line is crucial and requires consideration of their molecular characteristics. To characterize BC cell line models in depth, we profiled a panel of 29 authenticated and publicly available BC cell lines by mRNA-sequencing, mutation analysis, and immunoblotting. Gene expression profiles separated BC cell lines in two major clusters that represent basal-like (mainly triple-negative BC) and luminal BC subtypes, respectively. HER2-positive cell lines were located within the luminal cluster. Mutation calling highlighted the frequent aberration of TP53 and BRCA2 in BC cell lines, which, therefore, share relevant characteristics with primary BC. Furthermore, we showed that the data can be used to find novel, potential oncogenic fusion transcripts, e.g., FGFR2::CRYBG1 and RTN4IP1::CRYBG1 in cell line MFM-223, and to elucidate the regulatory circuit of IRX genes and KLF15 as novel candidate tumor suppressor genes in BC. Our data indicated that KLF15 was activated by IRX1 and inhibited by IRX3. Moreover, KLF15 inhibited IRX1 in cell line HCC-1599. Each BC cell line carries unique molecular features. Therefore, the molecular characteristics of BC cell lines described here might serve as a valuable resource to improve the selection of appropriate models for BC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Bioinformatics, IT and Databases, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.)
| | - Josephine Haake
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.)
| | - Anne Leena Koelz
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.)
| | - Matthias Christgen
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Steenpass
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.)
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.)
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3
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Heldin A, Cancer M, Palomar-Siles M, Öhlin S, Zhang M, Sun-Zhang A, Mariani A, Liu J, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG. Novel compounds that synergize with aminoglycoside G418 or eRF3 degraders for translational readthrough of nonsense mutant TP53 and PTEN. RNA Biol 2023; 20:368-383. [PMID: 37339263 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2222250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 and PTEN tumour suppressor genes are inactivated by nonsense mutations in a significant fraction of human tumours. TP53 nonsense mutatant tumours account for approximately one million new cancer cases per year worldwide. We have screened chemical libraries with the aim of identifying compounds that induce translational readthrough and expression of full-length p53 protein in cells with nonsense mutation in this gene. Here we describe two novel compounds with readthrough activity, either alone or in combination with other known readthrough-promoting substances. Both compounds induced levels of full-length p53 in cells carrying R213X nonsense mutant TP53. Compound C47 showed synergy with the aminoglycoside antibiotic and known readthrough inducer G418, whereas compound C61 synergized with eukaryotic release factor 3 (eRF3) degraders CC-885 and CC-90009. C47 alone showed potent induction of full-length PTEN protein in cells with different PTEN nonsense mutations. These results may facilitate further development of novel targeted cancer therapy by pharmacological induction of translational readthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Heldin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matko Cancer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireia Palomar-Siles
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Öhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meiqiongzi Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Mariani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vladimir J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Palomar-Siles M, Heldin A, Zhang M, Strandgren C, Yurevych V, van Dinter JT, Engels SAG, Hofman DA, Öhlin S, Meineke B, Bykov VJN, van Heesch S, Wiman KG. Translational readthrough of nonsense mutant TP53 by mRNA incorporation of 5-Fluorouridine. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:997. [PMID: 36433934 PMCID: PMC9700717 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
TP53 nonsense mutations in cancer produce truncated inactive p53 protein. We show that 5-FU metabolite 5-Fluorouridine (FUr) induces full-length p53 in human tumor cells carrying R213X nonsense mutant TP53. Ribosome profiling visualized translational readthrough at the R213X premature stop codon and demonstrated that FUr-induced readthrough is less permissive for canonical stop codon readthrough compared to aminoglycoside G418. FUr is incorporated into mRNA and can potentially base-pair with guanine, allowing insertion of Arg tRNA at the TP53 R213X UGA premature stop codon and translation of full-length wild-type p53. We confirmed that full-length p53 rescued by FUr triggers tumor cell death by apoptosis. FUr also restored full-length p53 in TP53 R213X mutant human tumor xenografts in vivo. Thus, we demonstrate a novel strategy for therapeutic rescue of nonsense mutant TP53 and suggest that FUr should be explored for treatment of patients with TP53 nonsense mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Palomar-Siles
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelos Heldin
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meiqiongzi Zhang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Strandgren
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Yurevych
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jip T. van Dinter
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem A. G. Engels
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Damon A. Hofman
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Öhlin
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birthe Meineke
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir J. N. Bykov
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klas G. Wiman
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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2-Guanidino-quinazoline promotes the readthrough of nonsense mutations underlying human genetic diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122004119. [PMID: 35994666 PMCID: PMC9436315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations account for approximately 11% of all described gene lesions causing human inherited diseases. This premature termination codon (PTC) leads to the premature arrest of translation that generates a truncated peptide and the degradation of the corresponding mRNA through the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. The possibility of restoring the protein expression by promoting PTC readthrough using drugs appears to be an important therapeutic strategy. Unfortunately, this strategy is limited by the small number of molecules known to promote PTC readthrough without affecting normal translation termination. In this work, we identify a new molecule, TLN468, that promotes a high level of PTC readthrough without a detectable effect on normal stop codons. Premature termination codons (PTCs) account for 10 to 20% of genetic diseases in humans. The gene inactivation resulting from PTCs can be counteracted by the use of drugs stimulating PTC readthrough, thereby restoring production of the full-length protein. However, a greater chemical variety of readthrough inducers is required to broaden the medical applications of this therapeutic strategy. In this study, we developed a reporter cell line and performed high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify potential readthrough inducers. After three successive assays, we isolated 2-guanidino-quinazoline (TLN468). We assessed the clinical potential of this drug as a potent readthrough inducer on the 40 PTCs most frequently responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We found that TLN468 was more efficient than gentamicin, and acted on a broader range of sequences, without inducing the readthrough of normal stop codons (TC).
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6
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Trusler O, Goodwin J, Laslett AL. BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated breast cancer and the roles of current modelling systems in drug discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188459. [PMID: 33129865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For a drug candidate to be fully developed takes years and investment of hundreds of millions of dollars. There is no doubt that drug development is difficult and risky, but vital to protecting against devastating disease. This difficulty is clearly evident in BRCA1 and BRCA2 related breast cancer, with current treatment options largely confined to invasive surgical procedures, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimes which damage healthy tissue and can leave remnant disease. Consequently, patient survival and relapse rates are far from ideal, and new candidate treatments are needed. The preclinical stages of drug discovery are crucial to get right for translation to hospital beds. Disease models must take advantage of current technologies and be accurate for rapid and translatable treatments. Careful selection of cell lines must be coupled with high throughput techniques, with promising results trialled further in highly accurate humanised patient derived xenograft models. Traditional adherent drug screening should transition to 3D culture systems amenable to high throughput techniques if the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies is to be partially bridged. The possibility of organoid, induced pluripotent stem cell, and conditionally reprogrammed in vitro models is tantalising, however protocols are yet to be fully established. This review of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cancer biology and current modelling systems will hopefully guide the design of future drug discovery endeavours and highlight areas requiring improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trusler
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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7
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Baiazitov RY, Friesen W, Johnson B, Mollin A, Sheedy J, Sierra J, Weetall M, Branstrom A, Welch E, Moon YC. Chemical modifications of G418 (geneticin): Synthesis of novel readthrough aminoglycosides results in an improved in vitro safety window but no improvements in vivo. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108058. [PMID: 32658832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
G418 is currently the most potent and active aminoglycoside to promote readthrough of eukaryotic nonsense mutations. However, owing to its toxicity G418 cannot be used in vivo to study readthrough activity A robust and scalable method for selective derivatization of G418 was developed to study the biological activity and toxicity of a series of analogs. Despite our synthetic efforts, an improvement in readthrough potency was not achieved. We discovered several analogs that demonstrated reduced zebra fish hair cell toxicity (a surrogate for ototoxicity), but this reduction in cellular toxicity did not translate to reduced in vivo toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramil Y Baiazitov
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA.
| | - Westley Friesen
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Briana Johnson
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Anna Mollin
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Josephine Sheedy
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Jairo Sierra
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Arthur Branstrom
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Ellen Welch
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
| | - Young-Choon Moon
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA
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8
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Gupta A, Gautam P, Wennerberg K, Aittokallio T. A normalized drug response metric improves accuracy and consistency of anticancer drug sensitivity quantification in cell-based screening. Commun Biol 2020; 3:42. [PMID: 31974521 PMCID: PMC6978361 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of drug effects is crucial for identifying pharmaceutically actionable cancer vulnerabilities. Current cell viability-based measurements often lead to biased response estimates due to varying growth rates and experimental artifacts that explain part of the inconsistency in high-throughput screening results. We developed an improved drug scoring model, normalized drug response (NDR), which makes use of both positive and negative control conditions to account for differences in cell growth rates, and experimental noise to better characterize drug-induced effects. We demonstrate an improved consistency and accuracy of NDR compared to existing metrics in assessing drug responses of cancer cells in various culture models and experimental setups. Notably, NDR reliably captures both toxicity and viability responses, and differentiates a wider spectrum of drug behavior, including lethal, growth-inhibitory and growth-stimulatory modes, based on a single viability readout. The method will therefore substantially reduce the time and resources required in cell-based drug sensitivity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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9
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Friesen WJ, Johnson B, Sierra J, Zhuo J, Vazirani P, Xue X, Tomizawa Y, Baiazitov R, Morrill C, Ren H, Babu S, Moon YC, Branstrom A, Mollin A, Hedrick J, Sheedy J, Elfring G, Weetall M, Colacino JM, Welch EM, Peltz SW. The minor gentamicin complex component, X2, is a potent premature stop codon readthrough molecule with therapeutic potential. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206158. [PMID: 30359426 PMCID: PMC6201930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations, resulting in a premature stop codon in the open reading frame of mRNAs are responsible for thousands of inherited diseases. Readthrough of premature stop codons by small molecule drugs has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to treat disorders resulting from premature termination of translation. The aminoglycoside antibiotics are a class of molecule known to promote readthrough at premature termination codons. Gentamicin consists of a mixture of major and minor aminoglycoside components. Here, we investigated the readthrough activities of the individual components and show that each of the four major gentamicin complex components representing 92–99% of the complex each had similar potency and activity to that of the complex itself. In contrast, a minor component (gentamicin X2) was found to be the most potent and active readthrough component in the gentamicin complex. The known oto- and nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides preclude long-term use as readthrough agents. Thus, we evaluated the components of the gentamicin complex as well as the so-called “designer” aminoglycoside, NB124, for in vitro and in vivo safety. In cells, we observed that gentamicin X2 had a safety/readthrough ratio (cytotoxicity/readthrough potency) superior to that of gentamicin, G418 or NB124. In rodents, we observed that gentamicin X2 showed a safety profile that was superior to G418 overall including reduced nephrotoxicity. These results support further investigation of gentamicin X2 as a therapeutic readthrough agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Westley J. Friesen
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Briana Johnson
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jairo Sierra
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jin Zhuo
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Priya Vazirani
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaojiao Xue
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Yuki Tomizawa
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ramil Baiazitov
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Christie Morrill
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Ren
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Suresh Babu
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Young-Choon Moon
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Art Branstrom
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Anna Mollin
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jean Hedrick
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Josephine Sheedy
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gary Elfring
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Ellen M. Welch
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
| | - Stuart W. Peltz
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, United States of America
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10
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Zhang M, Heldin A, Palomar-Siles M, Öhlin S, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG. Synergistic Rescue of Nonsense Mutant Tumor Suppressor p53 by Combination Treatment with Aminoglycosides and Mdm2 Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2018; 7:323. [PMID: 29354595 PMCID: PMC5758538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is inactivated by mutation in a large fraction of human tumors. Around 10% of TP53 mutations are nonsense mutations that lead to premature termination of translation and expression of truncated unstable and non-functional p53 protein. Aminoglycosides G418 (geneticin) and gentamicin have been shown to induce translational readthrough and expression of full-length p53. However, aminoglycosides have severe side effects that limit their clinical use. Here, we show that combination treatment with a proteasome inhibitor or compounds that disrupt p53-Mdm2 binding can synergistically enhance levels of full-length p53 upon aminoglycoside-induced readthrough of R213X nonsense mutant p53. Full-length p53 expressed upon combination treatment is functionally active as assessed by upregulation of p53 target genes, suppression of cell growth, and induction of cell death. Thus, our results demonstrate that combination treatment with aminoglycosides and compounds that inhibit p53 degradation is synergistic and can provide significantly improved efficacy of readthrough when compared with aminoglycosides alone. This may have implications for future cancer therapy based on reactivation of nonsense mutant TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiongzi Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelos Heldin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireia Palomar-Siles
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Öhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Dai X, Cheng H, Bai Z, Li J. Breast Cancer Cell Line Classification and Its Relevance with Breast Tumor Subtyping. J Cancer 2017; 8:3131-3141. [PMID: 29158785 PMCID: PMC5665029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cell lines have been widely used for breast cancer modelling which encompasses a panel of diseases with distinct phenotypical associations. Though cell lines provide unlimited homogenous materials for tumor studies and are relatively easy to culture, they are known to accumulate mutations duringthe initial establishment and subsequent series of cultivations. Thus, whether breast cancer cell line heterogeneity reflects that of carcinoma remains an important issue to resolve before drawing any reliable conclusion at the tumor level using cell lines. Inconsistent nomenclatures used for breast cancer cell line subtyping and the different number of subtypes grouped for cell lines and tumors make their direct matching elusive. By analyzing the molecular features of 92 breast cancer cell lines as documented by different literatures, we categorize 84 cell lines into 5 groups to be consistent with breast tumor classification. After combing through these cell lines, we summarized the molecular features, genetically and epigenetically, of each subtype, and manually documented 10 cell lines lacking explicit information on subtyping. Nine cell lines, either found inconsistent on their primary molecular features from different studies or being contaminated at the origin, are not suggested as the first choice for experimental use. We conclude that breast tumor cell lines, though having a high mutational frequency with many uncertainties and could not fully capture breast cancer heterogeneity, are feasible but crude models for tumors of the same subtype. New cell lines with enriched interferon regulated genes need to be established to enlarge the coverage of cell lines on tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongye Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Establishment and genomic characterization of primary salivary duct carcinoma cell line. Oral Oncol 2017; 69:108-114. [PMID: 28559013 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and characterize in vitro salivary duct carcinoma as a surrogate for functional studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were dispersed from tumor tissue fragments under sterile conditions in RPMI media. Disassociated cells were cultivated, immortalized with hTERT and propagated for more than 100 passages. Morphologic, linage, cytogenetic and genomic analyses were performed on different passages of cell line and primary tumor. Soft agar growth was performed. RESULTS Analysis of cytomorphologic features, growth characteristics and lineage specific markers expression confirmed the epithelial derivation and the neoplastic nature of the cell line. DNA STRs analysis showed identical match of both cell line and primary tumor. Cultivated cells expressed Androgen Receptor (AR), PTEN, and EFGR proteins and the AR-V7 isoform transcript. Comparative exome-sequencing identified common mutated genes in both cell line and primary tumor. In-vitro colony formation of late passages is established. CONCLUSION We report the development of the first human salivary duct carcinoma cell line (MDA-SDC-04) that retains critical biological and genomic features of the donor tumor.
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13
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Gentamicin B1 is a minor gentamicin component with major nonsense mutation suppression activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3479-3484. [PMID: 28289221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620982114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations underlie about 10% of rare genetic disease cases. They introduce a premature termination codon (PTC) and prevent the formation of full-length protein. Pharmaceutical gentamicin, a mixture of several related aminoglycosides, is a frequently used antibiotic in humans that can induce PTC readthrough and suppress nonsense mutations at high concentrations. However, testing of gentamicin in clinical trials has shown that safe doses of this drug produce weak and variable readthrough activity that is insufficient for use as therapy. In this study we show that the major components of pharmaceutical gentamicin lack PTC readthrough activity but the minor component gentamicin B1 (B1) is a potent readthrough inducer. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the importance of ring I of B1 in establishing a ribosome configuration that permits pairing of a near-cognate complex at a PTC. B1 induced readthrough at all three nonsense codons in cultured cancer cells with TP53 (tumor protein p53) mutations, in cells from patients with nonsense mutations in the TPP1 (tripeptidyl peptidase 1), DMD (dystrophin), SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1), and COL7A1 (collagen type VII alpha 1 chain) genes, and in an in vivo tumor xenograft model. The B1 content of pharmaceutical gentamicin is highly variable and major gentamicins suppress the PTC readthrough activity of B1. Purified B1 provides a consistent and effective source of PTC readthrough activity to study the potential of nonsense suppression for treatment of rare genetic disorders.
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14
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Bidou L, Bugaud O, Belakhov V, Baasov T, Namy O. Characterization of new-generation aminoglycoside promoting premature termination codon readthrough in cancer cells. RNA Biol 2017; 14:378-388. [PMID: 28145797 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1285480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations, generating premature termination codons (PTCs), account for 10% to 30% of the mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Nonsense translational suppression, induced by small molecules including gentamicin and G418, has been suggested as a potential therapy to counteract the deleterious effects of nonsense mutations in several genetic diseases and cancers. We describe here that NB124, a synthetic aminoglycoside derivative recently developed especially for PTC suppression, strongly induces apoptosis in human tumor cells by promoting high level of PTC readthrough. Using a reporter system, we showed that NB124 suppressed several of the PTCs encountered in tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 and APC genes. We also showed that NB124 counteracted p53 mRNA degradation by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Both PTC suppression and mRNA stabilization contributed to the production of a full-length p53 protein capable of activating p53-dependent genes, thereby specifically promoting high levels of apoptosis. This new-generation aminoglycoside thus outperforms the only clinically available readthrough inducer (gentamicin). These results have important implications for the development of personalised treatments of PTC-dependent diseases and for the development of new drugs modifying translation fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bidou
- a Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
| | - Olivier Bugaud
- b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
| | - Valery Belakhov
- c Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion IIT , Haifa , Israel
| | - Timor Baasov
- c Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion IIT , Haifa , Israel
| | - Olivier Namy
- b Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex , France
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15
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Baradaran-Heravi A, Balgi AD, Zimmerman C, Choi K, Shidmoossavee FS, Tan JS, Bergeaud C, Krause A, Flibotte S, Shimizu Y, Anderson HJ, Mouly V, Jan E, Pfeifer T, Jaquith JB, Roberge M. Novel small molecules potentiate premature termination codon readthrough by aminoglycosides. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6583-98. [PMID: 27407112 PMCID: PMC5001621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations introduce premature termination codons and underlie 11% of genetic disease cases. High concentrations of aminoglycosides can restore gene function by eliciting premature termination codon readthrough but with low efficiency. Using a high-throughput screen, we identified compounds that potentiate readthrough by aminoglycosides at multiple nonsense alleles in yeast. Chemical optimization generated phthalimide derivative CDX5-1 with activity in human cells. Alone, CDX5-1 did not induce readthrough or increase TP53 mRNA levels in HDQ-P1 cancer cells with a homozygous TP53 nonsense mutation. However, in combination with aminoglycoside G418, it enhanced readthrough up to 180-fold over G418 alone. The combination also increased readthrough at all three nonsense codons in cancer cells with other TP53 nonsense mutations, as well as in cells from rare genetic disease patients with nonsense mutations in the CLN2, SMARCAL1 and DMD genes. These findings open up the possibility of treating patients across a spectrum of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Baradaran-Heravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aruna D Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carla Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kunho Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fahimeh S Shidmoossavee
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jason S Tan
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Célia Bergeaud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Krause
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Flibotte
- Department of Zoology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hilary J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tom Pfeifer
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James B Jaquith
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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16
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Al-Shammari AM, Alshami MA, Umran MA, Almukhtar AA, Yaseen NY, Raad K, Hussien AA. Establishment and characterization of a receptor-negative, hormone-nonresponsive breast cancer cell line from an Iraqi patient. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2015; 7:223-30. [PMID: 26300657 PMCID: PMC4536763 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s74509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new breast cancer cell line (AMJ13) has been established from an Iraqi breast cancer patient. It is considered unique because it is the first for an Iraqi population, and is expected to be a useful tool in breast cancer research. The AMJ13 cell line was established from the primary tumor of a 70-year-old Iraqi woman with a histological diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The cells were morphologically characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy, and found to be elongated multipolar epithelial-like cells with a population doubling time of 22 hours. The anchorage-independent growth ability test showed that the cells were able to grow in semisolid agarose, confirming their transformed nature. Cytogenetic study of these cells showed chromosomal aberrations with many structural and numerical abnormalities, producing chromosomes of unknown origin called marker chromosomes. Immunocytochemistry showed that the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor were not expressed, and a weak positive result was found for HER2/neu gene expression. AMJ13 cells were positive for BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as for vimentin. This cell line should be useful when testing new therapies for breast cancer in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mortadha A Alshami
- Biotechnology Department, Collage of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Asmaa Amer Almukhtar
- Medical Genetics Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nahi Y Yaseen
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Khansaa Raad
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ayman A Hussien
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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17
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Martin L, Grigoryan A, Wang D, Wang J, Breda L, Rivella S, Cardozo T, Gardner LB. Identification and characterization of small molecules that inhibit nonsense-mediated RNA decay and suppress nonsense p53 mutations. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3104-13. [PMID: 24662918 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many of the gene mutations found in genetic disorders, including cancer, result in premature termination codons (PTC) and the rapid degradation of their mRNAs by nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). We used virtual library screening, targeting a pocket in the SMG7 protein, a key component of the NMD mechanism, to identify compounds that disrupt the SMG7-UPF1 complex and inhibit NMD. Several of these compounds upregulated NMD-targeted mRNAs at nanomolar concentrations, with minimal toxicity in cell-based assays. As expected, pharmacologic NMD inhibition disrupted SMG7-UPF1 interactions. When used in cells with PTC-mutated p53, pharmacologic NMD inhibition combined with a PTC "read-through" drug led to restoration of full-length p53 protein, upregulation of p53 downstream transcripts, and cell death. These studies serve as proof-of-concept that pharmacologic NMD inhibitors can restore mRNA integrity in the presence of PTC and can be used as part of a strategy to restore full-length protein in a variety of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenus Martin
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Arsen Grigoryan
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ding Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Laura Breda
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence B Gardner
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New YorkAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; The NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine; and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Biology Development, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York
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18
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Pandrangi SL, Raju Bagadi SA, Sinha NK, Kumar M, Dada R, Lakhanpal M, Soni A, Malvia S, Simon S, Chintamani C, Mohil RS, Bhatnagar D, Saxena S. Establishment and characterization of two primary breast cancer cell lines from young Indian breast cancer patients: mutation analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:14. [PMID: 24502646 PMCID: PMC4016554 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel triple negative breast cancer cell lines, NIPBC-1 and NIPBC-2 were successfully established from primary tumors of two young breast cancer patients aged 39 and 38 years respectively, diagnosed as infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast. Characterization of these cell lines showed luminal origin with expression of epithelial specific antigen and cytokeratin 18 and presence of microfilaments and secretary vesicles, microvilli, tight junctions and desmosomes on ultra-structural analysis. Both the cell lines showed anchorage independent growth and invasion of matrigel coated membranes. Karyotype analysis showed aneuploidy, deletions and multiple rearrangements in chromosomes 7, 9, X and 11 and isochromosomes 17q in both the cell lines. P53 mutational analysis revealed no mutation in the coding region in both the cell lines; however NIPBC-2 cell line showed presence of heterozygous C/G polymorphism, g.417 C > G (NM_000546.5) resulting in Arg/Pro allele at codon 72 of exon 4. Screening for mutations in BRCA1&2 genes revealed presence of three heterozygous polymorphisms in exon 11 of BRCA1 and 2 polymorphisms in exons 11, and14 of BRCA2 gene in both the cell lines. Both the cell lines showed presence of CD 44+/24-breast cancer stem cells and capability of producing mammosphere on culture. The two triple negative breast cancer cell lines established from early onset breast tumors can serve as novel invitro models to study mechanisms underlying breast tumorigenesis in younger age group patients and also identification of new therapeutic modalities targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Navin Kumar Sinha
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Anatomy department, All India Institute of medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Anatomy department, All India Institute of medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meena Lakhanpal
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abha Soni
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shreshtha Malvia
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sheeba Simon
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | - Dinesh Bhatnagar
- Department of Surgery, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
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19
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A collection of primary tissue cultures of tumors from vacuum packed and cooled surgical specimens: a feasibility study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75193. [PMID: 24098684 PMCID: PMC3787097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultures represent an invaluable tool to set up functional experimental conditions; however, creation of tissue cultures from solid tumors is troublesome and often unproductive. Several features can affect the success rate of primary cultures, including technical issues from pre-analytical procedures employed in surgical theaters and pathology laboratories. We have recently introduced a new method of collection, transfer, and preservation of surgical specimens that requires immediate vacuum sealing of excised specimens at surgical theaters, followed by time-controlled transferring at 4°C to the pathology laboratory. Here we investigate the feasibility and performance of short-term primary cell cultures derived from vacuum packed and cooled (VPAC) preserved tissues. Tissue fragments were sampled from 52 surgical specimens of tumors larger than 2 cm for which surgical and VPAC times (the latter corresponding to cold ischemia time) were recorded. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue dye-exclusion assay and hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to appreciate morphological and immunophenotypical features of cultured cells. Cell viability showed a range of 84–100% in 44 out of 52 (85%) VPAC preserved tissues. Length of both surgical and VPAC times affected cell viability: the critical surgical time was set around 1 hour and 30 minutes, while cells preserved a good viability when kept for about 24 hours of vacuum at 4°C. Cells were maintained in culture for at least three passages. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the phenotype of distinct populations, that is, expression of cytokeratins in epithelioid cells and of vimentin in spindle cells. Our results suggest that VPAC preserved tissues may represent a reliable source for creation of primary cell cultures and that a careful monitoring of surgical and cold ischemia times fosters a good performance of primary tissue cultures.
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20
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Ghebeh H, Sleiman GM, Manogaran PS, Al-Mazrou A, Barhoush E, Al-Mohanna FH, Tulbah A, Al-Faqeeh K, Adra CN. Profiling of normal and malignant breast tissue show CD44high/CD24low phenotype as a predominant stem/progenitor marker when used in combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f markers. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:289. [PMID: 23768049 PMCID: PMC3702414 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence supports cancer to initiate and develop from a small population of stem-like cells termed as cancer stem cells (CSC). The exact phenotype of CSC and their counterparts in normal mammary gland is not well characterized. In this study our aim was to evaluate the phenotype and function of stem/progenitor cells in normal mammary epithelial cell populations and their malignant counterparts. Methods Freshly isolated cells from both normal and malignant human breasts were sorted using 13 widely used stem/progenitor cell markers individually or in combination by multi-parametric (up to 9 colors) cell sorting. The sorted populations were functionally evaluated by their ability to form colonies and mammospheres, in vitro. Results We have compared, for the first time, the stem/progenitor markers of normal and malignant breasts side-by-side. Amongst all markers tested, we found CD44high/CD24low cell surface marker combination to be the most efficient at selecting normal epithelial progenitors. Further fractionation of CD44high/CD24low positive cells showed that this phenotype selects for luminal progenitors within Ep-CAMhigh/CD49f + cells, and enriches for basal progenitors within Ep-CAM-/low/CD49f + cells. On the other hand, primary breast cancer samples, which were mainly luminal Ep-CAMhigh, had CD44high/CD24low cells among both CD49fneg and CD49f + cancer cell fractions. However, functionally, CSC were predominantly CD49f + proposing the use of CD44high/CD24low in combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f cell surface markers to further enrich for CSC. Conclusion Our study clearly demonstrates that both normal and malignant breast cells with the CD44high/CD24low phenotype have the highest stem/progenitor cell ability when used in combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f reference markers. We believe that this extensive characterization study will help in understanding breast cancer carcinogenesis, heterogeneity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Evidence for phenotypic plasticity in aggressive triple-negative breast cancer: human biology is recapitulated by a novel model system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45684. [PMID: 23049838 PMCID: PMC3458110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers with a basal-like gene signature are primarily triple-negative, frequently metastatic, and carry a poor prognosis. Basal-like breast cancers are enriched for markers of breast cancer stem cells as well as markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While EMT is generally thought to be important in the process of metastasis, in vivo evidence of EMT in human disease remains rare. Here we report a novel model of human triple-negative breast cancer, the DKAT cell line, which was isolated from an aggressive, treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancer that demonstrated morphological and biochemical evidence suggestive of phenotypic plasticity in the patient. The DKAT cell line displays a basal-like phenotype in vitro when cultured in serum-free media, and undergoes phenotypic changes consistent with EMT/MET in response to serum-containing media, a unique property among the breast cancer cell lines we tested. This EMT is marked by increased expression of the transcription factor Zeb1, and Zeb1 is required for the enhanced migratory ability of DKAT cells in the mesenchymal state. DKAT cells also express progenitor-cell markers, and single DKAT cells are able to generate tumorspheres containing both epithelial and mesenchymal cell types. In vivo, as few as ten DKAT cells are capable of forming xenograft tumors which display a range of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. The DKAT model provides a novel model to study the molecular mechanisms regulating phenotypic plasticity and the aggressive biology of triple-negative breast cancers.
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Floquet C, Rousset JP, Bidou L. [Rescue of nonsense mutated p53 by readthrough leads to apoptosis in cancers cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:585-6. [PMID: 21718640 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2011276008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khupse RS, Sarver JG, Trendel JA, Bearss NR, Reese MD, Wiese TE, Boue SM, Burow ME, Cleveland TE, Bhatnagar D, Erhardt PW. Biomimetic Syntheses and Antiproliferative Activities of Racemic, Natural (−), and Unnnatural (+) Glyceollin I. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3506-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Khupse
- University of Findlay, College of Pharmacy, Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jill A. Trendel
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nicole R. Bearss
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Michael D. Reese
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Thomas E. Wiese
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Stephen M. Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, and Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Thomas E. Cleveland
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Paul W. Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Floquet C, Deforges J, Rousset JP, Bidou L. Rescue of non-sense mutated p53 tumor suppressor gene by aminoglycosides. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:3350-62. [PMID: 21149266 PMCID: PMC3082906 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-based treatments are a new development in genetic medicine, in which the nature of the mutation dictates the therapeutic strategy. Interest has recently focused on diseases caused by premature termination codons (PTCs). Drugs inducing the readthrough of these PTCs restore the production of a full-length protein. In this study, we explored the possibility of using aminoglycoside antibiotics to induce the production of a full-length functional p53 protein from a gene carrying a PTC. We identified a human cancer cell line containing a PTC, for which high levels of readthrough were obtained in the presence of aminoglycosides. Using these cells, we demonstrated that aminoglycoside treatment stabilized the mutant mRNA, which would otherwise have been degraded by non-sense-mediated decay, resulting in the production of a functional full-length p53 protein. Finally, we showed that aminoglycoside treatment decreased the viability of cancer cells specifically in the presence of nonsense-mutated p53 gene. These results open possibilities of developing promising treatments of cancers linked with non-sense mutations in tumor suppressor genes. They show that molecules designed to induce stop-codon readthrough can be used to inhibit tumor growth and offer a rational basis for developing new personalized strategies that could diversify the existing arsenal of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Floquet
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR8621, Orsay F-91405
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Keimling M, Kaur J, Bagadi SAR, Kreienberg R, Wiesmüller L, Ralhan R. A sensitive test for the detection of specific DSB repair defects in primary cells from breast cancer specimens. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:730-6. [PMID: 18491400 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that breast cancer pathogenesis is linked with DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair dysfunction. This conclusion is based on advances in the study of functions of breast cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, on the identification of breast cancer-associated changes regarding the genetics, expression, and localization of multiple DSB repair factors, and on observations indicating enhanced radiation-induced chromosomal damage in cells from predisposed individuals and sporadic breast cancer patients. In this pilot study, we describe a sensitive method for the analysis of DSB repair functions in mammary carcinomas. Using this method we firstly document alterations in pathway-specific DSB repair activities in primary cells originating from familial as well as sporadic breast cancer. In particular, we identified increases in the mutagenic nonhomologous end joining and single-strand annealing mechanisms in sporadic breast cancers with wild-type BRCA1 and BRCA2, and, thus, similar phenotypes to tumors with mutant alleles of BRCA1 and BRCA2. This suggests that detection of error-prone DSB repair activities may be useful to extend the limits of genotypic characterization of high-risk susceptibility genes. This method may, therefore, serve as a marker for breast cancer risk assessment and, even more importantly, for the prediction of responsiveness to targeted therapies such as to inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Keimling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
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Raju Bagadi SA, Kaur J, Ralhan R. Establishment and characterisation of two novel breast cancer cell lines. Cell Biol Int 2007; 32:55-65. [PMID: 17959394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel oestrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer cell lines, BCa-11 (familial) and BCa-15 (sporadic) were successfully established from primary tumours. Characterisation of these cell lines showed expression of epithelial specific antigen and cytokeratins confirming their epithelial lineage. Analysis of ultrastructure and anchorage independent growth confirmed the epithelial nature and transformed phenotype of these cells. Both cell lines showed loss of pRb, Dab2 and ERalpha and elevated levels of proliferation marker Ki67. In addition, BCa-11 cells showed loss of HOXA5, tumour suppressor genes p16(INK4A) and RARbeta as well as overexpression of CyclinD1. Elevation of DNMT1 and DNMT3B transcript levels, promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A, RARbeta2, and HOXA5 further support their neoplastic origin. In conclusion, the two ERalpha negative breast cancer cell lines established herein have certain useful characteristics that may make them valuable for understanding the mechanism of oestrogen receptor negative breast tumours and testing new drugs.
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Brozova M, Kleibl Z, Netikova I, Sevcik J, Scholzova E, Brezinova J, Chaloupkova A, Vesely P, Dundr P, Zadinova M, Krasna L, Matouskova E. Establishment, growth and in vivo differentiation of a new clonal human cell line, EM-G3, derived from breast cancer progenitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 103:247-57. [PMID: 17063277 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new clonal cell line, EM-G3, was derived from a primary lesion of human infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. The line consisted of cuboidal cells with occasional appearance of more differentiated branched cells apparently involved in cell-to-cell communication. The EM-G3 cells, population doubling time 34 h, are dependent on the epidermal growth factor. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) analysis demonstrated a stable diploid genome with several genetic changes. Immunocytochemical analysis of EM-G3 in vitro revealed positivity for keratins (K) K5, K14, K18, nuclear protein p63, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and other proteins indicative of a pattern of mammary epithelium bipotent progenitors. Detection of integrins alpha-6, beta-1, and protein CD44 by cDNA array also pointed to the character of basal/stem cells. In contrast, dominant cells in the human original tumor showed the luminal character (K18+, K19+, K5-, K14-, and p63-). However, cells with the immunocytochemical profile similar to that of cultured EM-G3 cells were found in minor clusters in the patient's tumor sections. The EM-G3 cells formed limited tumors in nu/nu mice. The cells in mouse tumors were organized in primitive ductal-like structures consisting of 1-3 large central luminal-like cells (EMA+) surrounded by peripheral myoepithelial-like cells (p63+/EMA-). The large central cells gradually disintegrated, forming a pseudolumen. Apparently, EM-G3 cells are able to partially differentiate in vivo as well as in vitro. Our results indicate that EM-G3 cells were derived from a premalignant population of common progenitors of luminal and myoepithelial cells that were immortalized in an early stage of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Brozova
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Choi SH, Im E, Kang HK, Lee JH, Kwak HS, Bae YT, Park HJ, Kim ND. Inhibitory effects of costunolide on the telomerase activity in human breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 227:153-62. [PMID: 16112418 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene compound, has been known having cytotoxic and chemopreventive effects on various human cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of costunolide on telomerase activity and on the components of telomerase in MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) cells. We found that costunolide inhibited the growth and telomerase activity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The expression of hTERT mRNA was also inhibited but hTR mRNA was not. In addition, the bindings of transcription factors in hTERT promoters were significantly decreased in both cells by the treatment of costunolide. These results suggest that costunolide inhibited the growth of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and this effect was mediated at least in part by a significant reduction in telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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Vázquez SM, Mladovan A, Garbovesky C, Baldi A, Lüthy IA. Three novel hormone-responsive cell lines derived from primary human breast carcinomas: functional characterization. J Cell Physiol 2004; 199:460-9. [PMID: 15095293 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human breast cancer primary cultures are useful tools for the study of several aspects of cancer biology, including the effects of chemotherapy and acute gene expression in response to different hormonal/chemotherapy treatments. The present study reports the conditions for primary culture of breast cancer samples from untreated patients and the most effective collagenization method to dissociate human samples consisting in an overnight incubation with 1 mg/ml types II or IV collagenase and further incubation in DMEM:F12 (1:1) medium supplemented with glutamine, bovine insulin, penicillin-streptomycin, HEPES, estradiol, cortisol (F), tri-iodothyronine (T(3)), transferrine (TR), and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). These conditions proved to be appropriate for both primary culture and the development of stable cell lines. Of the seven cell lines obtained, three fast growing and estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PgR)+/EGF receptor (EGFR)+ have been characterized. The cells are able to grow both in soft agar and in nude mice, and express cytokeratins, all parameters characteristic of malignant epithelial cell lines. The cells also exhibit an increased proliferation rate in the presence of estradiol, progesterone, and EGF, suggesting the presence of the corresponding receptors. The mRNA expression of type alpha- and beta-ER as well as EGFR, was confirmed by RT-PCR. In conclusion, the novel cell lines described, arose from primary tumors and are sensitive to estradiol, progesterone, and EGF. This not only expands the repertoire of breast cancer cells available as potentially useful tools for examining most parameters in breast cancer "in vitro", but also provides unique new models to explore the complex regulation by steroids as well as growth factors in such cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris Vázquez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lacroix M, Leclercq G. Relevance of breast cancer cell lines as models for breast tumours: an update. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 83:249-89. [PMID: 14758095 DOI: 10.1023/b:brea.0000014042.54925.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of available breast cancer cell (BCC) lines is small, and only a very few of them have been extensively studied. Whether they are representative of the tumours from which they originated remains a matter of debate. Whether their diversity mirrors the well-known inter-tumoural heterogeneity is another essential question. While numerous similarities have long been found between cell lines and tumours, recent technical advances, including the use of micro-arrays and comparative genetic analysis, have brought new data to the discussion. This paper presents most of the BCC lines that have been described in some detail to date. It evaluates the accuracy of the few of them widely used (MCF-7, T-47D, BT-474, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T) as tumour models. It is concluded that BCC lines are likely to reflect, to a large extent, the features of cancer cells in vivo. The importance of oestrogen receptor-alpha (gene ESR1 ) and Her-2/ neu ( ERBB2 ) as classifiers for cell lines and tumours is underlined. The recourse to a larger set of cell lines is suggested since the exact origin of some of the widely used lines remains ambiguous. Investigations on additional specific lines are expected to improve our knowledge of BCC and of the dialogue that these maintain with their surrounding normal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lacroix
- Laboratoire Jean-Claude Heuson de Cancérologie Mammaire, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Nunez R, Garay N, Villafane C, Bruno A, Lindgren V. Description of a flow cytometry approach based on SYBR-14 staining for the assessment of DNA content, cell cycle analysis, and sorting of living normal and neoplastic cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2004; 76:29-36. [PMID: 14738866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE This study aimed to expand the utilization of a simplified flow cytometric approach that employing SYBR-14/PI staining into broader flow cytometry applications, including (i) measurement of the DNA content; (ii) performing cell cycle analysis on mammalian cells; and (iii) sorting of live SYBR-14-stained mammalian cells based on DNA content. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell lines of human origin were stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) and assessed by a dual-color flow cytometry. Finally, sorting of living SYBR-14-stained human cell lines was performed. RESULTS Dual staining with SYBR-14 and PI of human cells followed by flow cytometry analysis demonstrates that in addition to quality assessment, this staining could be utilized to determinate the DNA content on mammal cells. In addition, it resolves the diploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid DNA content. Furthermore, the SYBR-14-stained mammal cells were efficiently sorted based on DNA content and live cells were obtained. All these features have not been previously described with the utilization of this staining approach. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study demonstrate that this flow cytometric approach not only allows assessment of the viability of cells, but also the DNA content of mammal cells. In addition, this approach allows one to sort viable cells stained with SYBR-14. These findings open-up unexpected and unrestricted avenues for sorting of living mammal cells and provide significant advantages over the traditionally cumbersome sorting approaches for living cells, which demand very specialized and expensive UV light sources as well as sophisticated sorting procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nunez
- Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Moulin V, Goulet F, Berthod F, Germain L, Auger FA. [Tissue engineering: a tool to understand the physiological mechanisms]. Med Sci (Paris) 2003; 19:1003-10. [PMID: 14613015 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200319101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a new domain, which allows some very unique studies of many human physiological mechanisms. This technology, based on cell capacity to reproduce a three-dimensional tissue with or without the help of biomaterials, is an interesting approach to study cells in an environment quite similar to the in vivo context. This article summarizes the LOEX's (laboratory of experimental organogenesis) scientific endeavor in tissue engineering in order to better understand some physiological or pathological mechanisms. Thus wound healing, stem cells, graft vascularization and cell interactions are domains where tissue engineering has already made a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Moulin
- Laboratoire d'organogenèse expérimentale (LOEX), Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Québec, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1S 4L8
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Abstract
A new cell line, designated UHKBR-01, was successfully established from a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumour. DMBA was administered orally at a dose of 4 mg/ml per rat on the first day of the experiment and thereafter at weekly intervals of same dosage, until the rats have reached a weight of around 150-200 g. The tumours grew rapidly after the injection, and were transplanted into nude mice one the harvest size (2.5 x 2 x 1 mm(3)) was reached, it was transplanted onto nude mice. We have developed a cell line from a portion of the DMBA-induced carcinoma of the nude mice. The UHKBR-01 cell exhibited a slow increase in growth rate during the time of culture and was highly tumourigenic in nude mice. The cells have been grown in culture for over 40 passages. Characterization of the cell line was performed. This included morphology by light and transmission electron microscopy, karyotype, growth rate, tumour antigen expression and xenograft implantation into nude mice. These cells exhibit ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of epithelial cells of mammary origin. The above analyses also demonstrated that UHKBR-01 cells were oestrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive, in likeness to other established breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The cell line grows as monolayers of oval-shaped cells with large folded nuclei accompanied by a rich supply of mitochondria. This report describes the first in vitro cell line from transplantable DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma of nude mice, which presents unique characteristics that may prove to be a good experimental model for investigating breast cancer biology.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyotyping
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W C Chow
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Basu A, Meyer K, Ray RB, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus core protein is necessary for the maintenance of immortalized human hepatocytes. Virology 2002; 298:53-62. [PMID: 12093173 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has many intriguing properties and plays an important role in cell growth regulation. We have recently shown that the HCV core protein from genotype 1a promotes primary human hepatocytes to an immortalized phenotype. Here, we investigated whether the presence of core protein is necessary for maintenance of the immortalized hepatocytes and investigated its consequences on cellular gene expression. The introduction of an antisense orientation of the core gene into immortalized hepatocytes led to the onset of cell death. Further analysis suggested that cell death occurred through apoptosis associated with the activation of tumor suppressor pathways. Antisense core gene expression in immortalized hepatocytes increased p53 expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels. A decreased telomere length and reduced c-myc protein expression were also observed in hepatocytes when the antisense core gene was introduced. Results from these studies suggested that modulation of cell cycle regulatory genes by repression of core protein expression is responsible for reversion of the immortalized phenotype of the hepatocytes. Thus, targeted inhibition may contribute to the development of new therapeutic modalities for prevention of HCV core protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri 63110, USA
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Krásná L, Dudorkinová D, Vedralová J, Veselý P, Pokorná E, Kudlácková I, Chaloupková A, Petruzelka L, Danes J, Matousková E. Large expansion of morphologically heterogeneous mammary epithelial cells, including the luminal phenotype, from human breast tumours. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 71:219-35. [PMID: 12002341 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014457731494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Regular expansion of heterogeneous populations of epithelial cells, including the luminal phenotype, was achieved from small biopsies of human breast tumours and cutaneous metastases by optimized feeder layer technique based on irradiated NIH 3T3 cells. Forty-one out of 47 primary tumour specimens and all three cutaneous metastases grew successfully for two to 10 passages in vitro. The main phenotypes of cultured cells and their changes in subcultures were characterized using immunocytochemistry and phase contrast microscopy (in few cases also time-lapse recording). In the majority of cultured cell populations a fraction of cells positive for keratin 19 (K19+), typical for the luminal phenotype, was detected. This is the cell type from which breast carcinoma is supposed to arise. While in cultures derived from benign lesions only basic phenotypes of luminal and myoepithelial cells were found, in cultures derived from malignant tumours unusual phenotypes of epithelial cells, in their majority K19+, were detected. The growth properties of cells from six benign and seven malignant samples were analyzed in detail. In the analyzed cell populations the culture lifetime - related to the number of colony-forming cells varied for cells from malignant tumours between 21 and 51 and from benign tumours between 22 and 40 cell generations. The total number of passages achieved was three to seven for malignant or four to nine for benign cultures. In spite of negative results of tumourigenicity testing in immunologically compromised Nu/nu mice the potential to culture apparently neoplastic cells was indicated by positive immunostaining for the p53 oncoprotein (seven of 23 tested malignant cases), the src oncoprotein (five of eight), and overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein (five of 26). This was further confirmed by successful cultivation of malignant cells from cutaneous metastases. Two of the three metastasis-derived cultures were nearly homogeneously positive for K19 while the third was almost negative. The results proved the optimized feeder layer technique to be useful for regular yielding of large amounts of epithelial cells from small tumour biopsies and for supporting the majority of cell phenotypes present in the original tumour. Therefore, it appeared to be a promising tool for further analysis of interactions between luminal and myoepithelial cells in the development of human breast carcinoma and for the study of individual tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Krásná
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
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Wang CS, Goulet F, Tremblay N, Germain L, Auger F, Têtu B. Selective culture of epithelial cells from primary breast carcinomas using irradiated 3T3 cells as feeder layer. Pathol Res Pract 2001; 197:175-81. [PMID: 11314781 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main drawback of the selective culture of human mammary epithelial cells from primary breast cancer is the overgrowth of tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts. This drawback may be overcome by using, in primary culture, lethally irradiated 3T3 cells which act as a feeder layer to maintain tumor-derived epithelial cell proliferation. These 3T3 cells, exposed to 60 Gy at confluence, form a specific cellular substrate which constitutes an obstacle to fibroblast attachment. Enzyme-disaggregated breast cells from six primary breast carcinomas were cocultured over lethally irradiated but living 3T3 cells. The method led to the purification of tumor-derived epithelial cells from all six cancer samples, and long-term culture was obtained in one. The epithelial nature of these purified tumor-derived epithelial cells was demonstrated by their general morphology and by the expression of cytokeratins and Epithelial Membrane Antigen. These results confirm the stimulatory effect of a this stromal feeder layer on breast epithelial cell growth and show that this stromal feeder layer can also control the fibroblast overgrowth. Our results provide an alternative approach in the selective culture of epithelial cells from primary breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wang
- Department of Pathology and Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, C te du Palais, Canada
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Wang CS, Goulet F, Auger F, Tremblay N, Germain L, Têtu B. Production of bioengineered cancer tissue constructs in vitro: epithelium-mesenchyme heterotypic interactions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:434-9. [PMID: 11573818 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0434:pobctc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A few models have been established to study cancer cells in vitro. However, the cellular interactions have rarely been studied specifically using bioengineered cancer constructs combining human carcinoma cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts. We developed an in vitro model of tridimensional bioengineered cancer tissue constructs (bCTC) by seeding mammary epithelial cancer cells or normal keratinocytes over a mesenchymal layer containing tumor-derived fibroblastic cells or normal skin fibroblasts. After the introduction of epithelial cells, each construct was cultured for another 10 d. Histologic analyses showed that carcinoma cell lines could invade the subjacent mesenchymal layer and that the capacity to migrate was related to the invasive potential of cancer cells and the type of fibroblasts used, while noninvasive populations did not. Of the tested epithelial cells, MDA-MB-231 and, to a lesser degree, HDQ-P1 cell lines were invasive, and the invasion was deeper into the mesenchymal component containing tumor-derived fibroblasts. However, with normal skin fibroblasts, the mesenchymal layer was degraded twice faster than with tumor-derived fibroblastic cells. MDA-MB-231 cells and normal keratinocytes induced the highest level of gelatinase B, and the level was lowest with the MCF-7 cell line. The activated form of gelatinase B was, however, induced to the highest levels in the keratinocyte-seeded bCTC containing tumor-derived but not normal fibroblasts. MDA-MB-231 was the only epithelial cancer cell line whose activity of gelatinase A was reduced when cocultured with tumor-derived fibroblasts but not under normal fibroblast stimulation. Finally, a 50/48-kDa gelatinase band has been observed in bCTCs with noninvasive epithelial cells only. Our study demonstrates the selective secretion of gelatinases according to the phenotype of the cells seeded in the various bCTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wang
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Canada
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