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Ali R, El-Said A, El-Baz H, Settin A. Ethnic variation of IL-4 intron 3 VNTR gene polymorphism; its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complication (neuropathy) in Egyptian subjects. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:635-640. [PMID: 30318704 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has multigenetic and environmental interactive factors. Although diabetic neuropathies (DPN) are the most common, but at the same time, the least recognized and understood long-term complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphism with T2DM complicated with neuropathy in Egyptian subjects. This is a case control study including 102 T2DM Egyptian patients, plus 188 unrelated healthy individuals as controls. They were evaluated for variable number tandem repeat (VNTR); 70 base pair repeats located in the intron 3; of IL-4 gene using the PCR technique. Homozygote frequency of the three-repeat allele (A1/A1) genotype of IL-4 VNTR was nearly equal among diabetic cases and controls (60.8% vs. 62.2%, respectively). Heterozygous frequency of (A1/A2) genotype was higher among controls compared to cases (33.5% vs. 19.6%, respectively) but not statistically significant. The (A2) allele had a significantly higher frequency in diabetic cases compared to controls (29.3% vs. 21.0%, respectively) while the (A1) allele had lower frequency but not significant one (70.7% vs. 79.0%, respectively). Comparing cases complicated with diabetic neuropathy vs. noncomplicated cases regarding their polymorphic IL-4 (VNTR) genotypes revealed a nonsignificant lower frequency of (A1A1) genotype (57.1% vs. 65.1%, respectively, p = .57) with a higher combined (A2A2 + A1/A2) genotype frequency (42.9% vs. 34.9%, respectively). Only two haplotypes (A1) & (A2) of IL-4 (VNTR) gene were recognized among Egyptian population; (A2) allele may influence in diabetes but not its complication (neuropathy) among Egyptian diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ali
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Monawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A El-Said
- Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H El-Baz
- Biochemistry Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Settin
- Pediatrics and Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Jiang P, Yue YX, Hong Y, Xie Y, Gao X, Gu CK, Hao HJ, Qin Y, Ding XJ, Song M, Li HF, Zhang X. IL-4Rα Polymorphism Is Associated With Myasthenia Gravis in Chinese Han Population. Front Neurol 2018; 9:529. [PMID: 30042722 PMCID: PMC6048264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent growth and differentiation factor for B cells which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). IL-4 exerts its function by binding to three types of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complexes. IL-4Rα is the key component of the IL-4R complex. We hypothesize that polymorphism of IL-4Rα gene may be associated with the susceptibility and severity of MG. A Chinese cohort of 480 MG patients and 487 healthy controls were recruited. Polymorphisms of IL-4Rα gene were determined with SNPscan™ methods and compared between MG and control groups, as well as among MG subgroups. Rs2107356 and rs1805010 were found to be associated with adult thymoma associated MG, and rs1801275 was found to be associated with adult non-thymoma AChR-Ab positive MG. We did not found association between IL-4Rα polymorphism and the severity of MG. Genetic variations of IL-4Rα were found associated with the susceptibility of MG in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao-Xian Yue
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yanchen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan-Kai Gu
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Jun Hao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ding
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Kok YY, Ong HH, Say YH. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Interleukin-4 Genes Variable Number Tandem Repeats Are Associated with Adiposity in Malaysian Subjects. J Obes 2017; 2017:4104137. [PMID: 28293435 PMCID: PMC5331305 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) intron 2 86 bp repeat and interleukin-4 (IL4) intron 3 70 bp repeat are variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) that have been associated with various diseases, but their role in obesity is elusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of IL1RA and IL4 VNTRs with obesity and adiposity in 315 Malaysian subjects (128 M/187 F; 23 Malays/251 ethnic Chinese/41 ethnic Indians). The allelic distributions of IL1RA and IL4 were significantly different among ethnicities, and the alleles were associated with total body fat (TBF) classes. Individuals with IL1RA I/II genotype or allele II had greater risk of having higher overall adiposity, relative to those having the I/I genotype or I allele, respectively, even after controlling for ethnicity [Odds Ratio (OR) of I/II genotype = 12.21 (CI = 2.54, 58.79; p = 0.002); II allele = 5.78 (CI = 1.73, 19.29; p = 0.004)]. However, IL4 VNTR B2 allele was only significantly associated with overall adiposity status before adjusting for ethnicity [OR = 1.53 (CI = 1.04, 2.23; p = 0.03)]. Individuals with IL1RA II allele had significantly higher TBF than those with I allele (31.79 ± 2.52 versus 23.51 ± 0.40; p = 0.005). Taken together, IL1RA intron 2 VNTR seems to be a genetic marker for overall adiposity status in Malaysian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yean Kok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hing-Huat Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- *Yee-How Say:
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4
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Pál Z, Varga Z, Semsei Á, Reményi V, Rózsa C, Falus A, Illes Z, Buzás EI, Molnar MJ. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a Caucasian population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:193-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Giraud M, Vandiedonck C, Garchon HJ. Genetic factors in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1132:180-92. [PMID: 18567868 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1405.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is a multifactorial disease, markedly influenced by genetic factors, even though it shows limited heritability. The clinically typical form of autoimmune MG with thymus hyperplasia shows the most reproducible genetic associations, especially with the A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, because of strong linkage disequilibrium, the causative polymorphism in this region is not known yet. Increasing the density of genetic markers has nevertheless recently revealed the complex, but highly significant contribution of this essential genetic region in controlling the disease phenotype and the quantitative expression of serum autoantibodies. The advances of the human genome program, the development of genotyping and sequencing tools with increasing throughput, and the availability of powerful statistical methods now make feasible the dissection of a complex genetic region, such as the MHC and beyond, the systematic search throughout the genome for variants influencing disease predisposition. The identification of such functional variants should provide new clues to the pathogenesis of MG, as recently illustrated by the study of a promoter polymorphism of the CHRNA1 locus, influencing its thymic expression and central tolerance, or of a coding variant of the PTPN22 intracellular phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Giraud
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Um JY, Kim HM. Polymorphisms of RANTES and IL-4 genes in cerebral infarction. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 37:1-5. [PMID: 18696265 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant peptides (chemokines) and cytokines have been shown to play a key role in the inflammatory development and progression of cerebrovascular disease. The effect of polymorphisms in regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed, and secreted (RANTES) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) genes on cerebral infarction (CI) is evaluated in this study. Patients with CI (n = 320) and healthy controls (n = 481) were genotyped for RANTES-403 and IL-4 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A significant difference was observed between the CI group and controls in subjects with the RANTES AA genotype in IL-4 A3- carriers (18.6% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.035, odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.25). These findings suggest that the RANTES G-403A allele increased the relative risk for CI in the subjects without the IL-4 VNTR allele 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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7
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Sommer N, Tackenberg B, Hohlfeld R. The immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 91:169-212. [PMID: 18631843 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sommer
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Yilmaz V, Tütüncü Y, Bariş Hasbal N, Parman Y, Serdaroglu P, Deymeer F, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Polymorphisms of interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 genes in myasthenia gravis. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:544-9. [PMID: 17509455 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the involvement of polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to myasthenia gravis (MG), this study analyzed four polymorphisms of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-12 genes in 115 patients and 204 healthy controls (HC). IFNG +874T carriers were less frequent in MG, in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (63%) and anti-titin (56.2%) antibodies compared with HC (p = 0.01 for all, OR: 0.5, 0.5, and 0.4, respectively). The presence of thymoma was also associated with lower frequency of IFNG +874T allele (p = 0.018, OR = 0.34). At IL10, -2763A allele was found to be slightly more frequent in MG and in patients with anti-AChR than in HC group (p = 0.05, OR = 1.7, p = 0.036, OR = 1.83). However, these associations did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. IL12B allele distribution was not different among groups. These data suggest that some cytokine gene polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to or antibody production in MG. These findings need to be replicated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuslat Yilmaz
- I.U. DETAE Department of Immunology, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Bahr MJ, el Menuawy M, Boeker KHW, Musholt PB, Manns MP, Lichtinghagen R. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2003; 23:420-5. [PMID: 14986816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2003.00873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The speed of fibrosis progression varies considerably between patients with chronic hepatitis C. This study analyzed whether cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with a progressive course of the disease. METHODS Leukocyte DNA from 101 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 52 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced cirrhosis and 200 Caucasian blood donors was prepared. Using PCR, RFLP and PAGE, gene polymorphism analysis of the interleukin (IL)1alpha( - 889), IL1beta( - 511 and +3954), IL1 receptor agonist (RA)(intron2 VNTR), IL4(intron3 VNTR) and TNFalpha( - 308) loci was performed. RESULTS Of the polymorphisms analyzed, IL1beta( - 511) and IL1RA(intron2 VNTR) were unevenly distributed between the study groups. The IL1 (- 511)*A2A2 genotype occurred significantly more often in chronic hepatitis C and HCV-induced liver cirrhosis than in the controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). Patients with HCV-induced cirrhosis displayed a significantly higher frequency of the IL1RA(intron2 VNTR)*A2 polymorphism than patients with chronic hepatitis C and controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the IL1beta( - 511)*A2A2 genotype may increase the susceptibility to acquire chronic hepatitis C and IL1RA(intron2 VNTR)*A2 polymorphism is associated with disease progression to cirrhosis, our results indicate that the analyzed cytokine gene polymorphisms have an overall low impact on the natural course of chronic hepatitis C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Bahr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Garchon HJ. Genetics of autoimmune myasthenia gravis, a model for antibody-mediated autoimmunity in man. J Autoimmun 2003; 21:105-10. [PMID: 12935778 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8411(03)00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction aimed at the muscle acetylcholine receptor. Recent genetic analyses focusing on a nonclass II HLA-linked locus, MYAS1, and on one of the genes encoding the AChR self-antigen, CHRNA1, are discussed.
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11
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Tsai FJ, Chou IC, Hsieh YY, Lee CC, Lin CC, Tsai CH. Interleukin-4 intron 3 polymorphism is not related to susceptibility to febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 27:271-4. [PMID: 12435565 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(02)00434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to investigate whether IL-4 intron 3 gene polymorphism could be used as markers of susceptibility to febrile seizures and epilepsy of children. Children were divided into three groups: group 1, febrile seizures (n = 51); group 2, epilepsy (n = 43); and group 3, normal control group (n = 83). Polymorphisms for IL-4 intron 3 were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for IL-4 intron 3 gene polymorphism in three groups were compared. We found that proportions of different IL-4 intron 3 polymorphisms in three groups were nonsignificantly different. Proportions of RP1 homozygote/heterozygote/RP2 homozygote for IL-4 intron 3 in three groups were as follows: group 1, 56.9/41.2/1.9%; group 2, 62.8/32.6/4.6%; and group 3, 62.7/33.7/3.6%. The proportion of RP1/RP2 for IL-4 intron 3 in three groups were as follows: group 1, 77.5/22.5%, group 2, 79.1/20.9%, and group 3, 79.5/20.5%. We concluded that the association of IL-4 polymorphisms with febrile seizures and epilepsy of children does not exist. IL-4 intron 3 polymorphism is not a useful marker for prediction of the susceptibility of febrile seizure and epilepsy of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Hsieh Y, Chang C, Tsai F, Hsu Y, Tsai H, Tsai C. Polymorphisms for interleukin-4 (IL-4) -590 promoter, IL-4 intron3, and tumor necrosis factor alpha -308 promoter: non-association with endometriosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2002; 16:121-6. [PMID: 11968047 PMCID: PMC6807841 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a pluripotent proinflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in the process of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate whether gene polymorphisms for the IL-4 -590 promoter, IL-4 intron3 and TNFalpha -308 promoter could be used as markers of susceptibility in endometriosis. The subjects, 226 premenopausal Taiwan Chinese women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis and nonendometriosis, were divided into two groups: 1) endometriosis (n = 120) and 2) nonendometriosis (n = 106). Polymorphisms for the IL-4 -590 promoter, IL-4 intron3, and TNFalpha -308 G-to-A promoter were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotypes and allelic frequencies for these gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. We observed no significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency of the IL-4 -590 promoter, IL-4 intron3, and TNFalpha gene polymorphism between both groups. The proportions of the -590*C homozygote/heterozygote/-590* T homozygote for the IL-4 promoter in both groups were 1.6/31.6/66.6% in group 1, and 5.8/33.0/61.2% in group 2. The proportions of the RP1 homozygote/heterozygote/RP2 homozygote for IL-4 intron3 in both groups were 62.5/34.1/2.5% (group 1), and 64.1/32.0/3.9% (group 2). The proportions of -308*A homozygote/heterozygote/-308*G homozygote for the TNFalpha promoter in both groups were 7.5/20.8/71.7% (group 1), and 7.5/17/75.5% (group 2). We concluded that there is no association between endometriosis and the IL-4 and TNFalpha gene polymorphisms. The IL-4 -590 promoter, IL-4 intron3, and TNFalpha -308 G-to-A polymorphisms are not useful markers for predicting susceptibility to endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Chen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu‐Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng‐Der Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang‐Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nakashima H, Miyake K, Inoue Y, Shimizu S, Akahoshi M, Tanaka Y, Otsuka T, Harada M. Association between IL-4 genotype and IL-4 production in the Japanese population. Genes Immun 2002; 3:107-9. [PMID: 11960309 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2001] [Revised: 10/28/2001] [Accepted: 10/30/2001] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have identified that there are only two IL-4 gene haplotypes (I and II) in the Japanese population. There are significant differences among three genotypes (I/I, I/II and II/II) in the IL-4 producing proportion of peripheral Th cells using intracellular cytokine detection assay. These results make it likely that IL-4 genotype could influence the type of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakashima
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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14
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Huang D, Shi FD, Giscombe R, Zhou Y, Ljunggren HG, Lefvert AK. Disruption of the IL-1beta gene diminishes acetylcholine receptor-induced immune responses in a murine model of myasthenia gravis. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:225-32. [PMID: 11265638 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200101)31:1<225::aid-immu225>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is associated with the IL-1beta TaqI RFLP allele 2. Individuals positive for this allele have high levels of inducible IL-1beta in their peripheral blood. Here, we have characterized MG induction and the immune response elicited by Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) immunization in wild-type and IL-1beta deficient (-/-) mice. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-1beta-/- mice were relatively resistant to induction of clinical experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Draining lymph node cells from IL-1beta-/- mice showed poor proliferative capacity upon AChR stimulation in vitro. Both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine responses were reduced and levels of serum anti-AChR antibodies decreased in IL-1beta-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role for IL-1beta in the induction of MG in mice, and support a role for IL-1beta in the pathogenesis of MG in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huang
- Department of Neurosciences NC30, The Lerner ResearchInstitute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500-10000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated, autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Animal models of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) can be induced in vertebrates by immunization with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The MHC class II genes influence the cellular and humoral immune response to AChR and are involved in the development of clinical EAMG in mice. A dominant epitope within the AChR alpha146-162 region activates MHC class II-restricted CD4 cells and is involved in the production of pathogenic anti-AChR antibodies by B cells. Neonatal or adult tolerance to this T-cell epitope could prevent EAMG. During an immune response to AChR in vivo, multiple TCR genes are used. The CD28-B7 and CD40L-CD40 interaction is required during the primary immune response to AChR. However, CTLA-4 blockade augmented T- and B-cell immune response to AChR and disease. Cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12 upregulate, while IFN-alpha downregulates, EAMG pathogenesis. However, the Th2 cytokine IL-4 fails to play a significant role in the development of antibody-mediated EAMG. Systemic or mucosal tolerance to AChR or its dominant peptide(s) has prevented EAMG in an antigen-specific manner. Antigen-specific tolerance and downregulation of pathogenic cytokines could achieve effective therapy of EAMG and probably MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christadoss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA
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16
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Huang D, Zheng C, Giscombe R, Matell G, Pirskanen R, Lefvert AK. Polymorphisms at - 174 and in the 3' flanking region of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 101:197-200. [PMID: 10580802 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the bi-allelic polymorphism at - 174 in the promoter region and the polymorphism in the 3' flanking AT rich region of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in Swedish patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and ethnically matched healthy individuals. There was no association between the polymorphisms and the disease. There was no relation of the polymorphisms to the clinical variables, the thymic histopathologies, the level of serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies or the concentrations of IgG and its subclasses. Our data yield no evidence for the IL-6 gene contributing to the disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huang
- The Immunological Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM) L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of myasthenia gravis is higher than previously thought. A potentially immunodominant T cell has been defined. The specific voltage-gated calcium channel subtype that is targeted by antibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome has been identified, and there is further evidence for the pathogenic role of autoantibodies in some cases of fetal arthrogryposis and in acquired neuromyotonia, Morvan's syndrome and Miller-Fisher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vincent
- University of Oxford, Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
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