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Hassan H, Othman MF, Zakaria ZA, Ahmad Saad FF, Abdul Razak HR. Assessing the influence of neglected GC-FID variables on the multiple responses using multivariate optimization for the determination of ethanol and acetonitrile in radiopharmaceuticals. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnalytical gas chromatography in line with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was developed and validated for direct determination of organic solvents in [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). Variables of the splitless time (min) and injection temperature (°C) on the response of analysis time and resolution were optimized with the assistance of a two-level full factorial design and desirability function of Derringer. The proposed procedure was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline. Excellent linearity, R2 > 0.990, indicated that approximately 99% of the response variance could be predicted from ethanol and acetonitrile concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 mg mL−1 and 0.1 to 0.8 mg mL−1, respectively. The proposed procedure has proved to be selective, sensitive, and accurate (90–110%), with excellent repeatability and precision (RSD < 2%). In the robustness analysis, the findings from the calculated Standardized Effects Values (SE) were insignificant (p > 0.05) and demonstrated that the proposed method was robust for a splitless time of 1.0 ± 0.5 min and an injection temperature of 210 ± 10 °C. The proposed method was also successfully used for the quantitative determination of ethanol and acetonitrile in [18F]FET, [18F]FMISO, and [18F]FLT. Both solvents were well separated (R, 4.1–4.3) within 4.5 min. Therefore, the proposed method is relevant for routine quality control analysis of all 18F-radiopharmaceutical derivatives for the direct determination of ethanol and acetonitrile.
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Moretti S, Cavanna D, Lambertini F, Catellani D, Sammarco G, Barola C, Paoletti F, Saluti G, Galarini R, Suman M. Practical approach to develop a multi-group screening method for detection of mycotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in food. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4618. [PMID: 32757493 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A multi-group screening method to detect residues of veterinary drugs in meat and environmental contaminants in wheat flour has been developed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The procedure was tested for over 300 representative compounds (173 veterinary drugs, 122 pesticides and 9 mycotoxins) analysing in parallel negative and positive (spiked) samples according to European validation rules. The Screening Target Concentrations (STCs) were chosen conservatively with respect to the method purposes. Interpretation of results was based on retention time, mass accuracy of precursor and MS2 spectral library. Evaluating the percentage of false negative results, 280 out of the 304 analytes were detectable at the STCs (false compliant rate ≤ 5%). In wheat flours, incurred levels of mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, higher than STCs, were frequently found, whereas in meat, the most detected veterinary drugs were antibiotics generally at negligible concentrations (<10 μg kg-1 ). Finally, seven test materials from proficiency test schemes were successfully tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavanna
- Advance Research Laboratory, Barilla G. R. F.lli SpA, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Dante Catellani
- Advance Research Laboratory, Barilla G. R. F.lli SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Advance Research Laboratory, Barilla G. R. F.lli SpA, Parma, Italy
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Suman
- Advance Research Laboratory, Barilla G. R. F.lli SpA, Parma, Italy
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Amala PV, Sumithra TG, Reshma KJ, Anju F, Subramannian S, Vijayagopal P. Analytical validation of a modified turbidimetric assay to screen sulphur oxidizing bacteria. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:105998. [PMID: 32649967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conventional turbidimetric assay for sulphate determination was modified to 100 times lesser reaction volume on a convenient format using microtitre plate based platform, targeting routine microbiological applications to screen sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) cultures. The modified assay was linear up to 1500 mg/L of sulphate concentration, which is about 37.5 times more than that of conventional assay. Upon regression analysis, linear equation y = 1.243× + 0.011 was obtained having R2 value of 0.998. The modified assay was fully validated in terms of precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), sensitivity, selectivity and robustness to assure the reliability during final applications. LOD and LOQ were found as 7.4 mg/L and 24.8 mg/L of sulphate concentration respectively. Further, accuracy of the assay over routine SOB screening media components was tested, and proved as reliable and suitable for the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Amala
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, India.
| | - K J Reshma
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, India
| | - F Anju
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, India
| | | | - P Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, India
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Omer KM, Hama Aziz KH, Mohammed SJ. Improvement of selectivity via the surface modification of carbon nanodots towards the quantitative detection of mercury ions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent carbon nanodots are promising fluorophores for biochemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental analysis due to their facile preparation, biocompatibility, tunability, and low-cost precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Sulaimani
- Iraq
- Komar Research Center
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Dorkó Z, Verbić T, Horvai G. Selectivity in analytical chemistry: two interpretations for univariate methods. Talanta 2014; 132:680-4. [PMID: 25476364 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is extremely important in analytical chemistry but its definition is elusive despite continued efforts by professional organizations and individual scientists. This paper shows that the existing selectivity concepts for univariate analytical methods broadly fall in two classes: selectivity concepts based on measurement error and concepts based on response surfaces (the response surface being the 3D plot of the univariate signal as a function of analyte and interferent concentration, respectively). The strengths and weaknesses of the different definitions are analyzed and contradictions between them unveiled. The error based selectivity is very general and very safe but its application to a range of samples (as opposed to a single sample) requires the knowledge of some constraint about the possible sample compositions. The selectivity concepts based on the response surface are easily applied to linear response surfaces but may lead to difficulties and counterintuitive results when applied to nonlinear response surfaces. A particular advantage of this class of selectivity is that with linear response surfaces it can provide a concentration independent measure of selectivity. In contrast, the error based selectivity concept allows only yes/no type decision about selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Dorkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellert ter 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tatjana Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George Horvai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellert ter 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Szent Gellert ter 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Kurbanoglu S, Dogan-Topal B, Uslu B, Can A, Ozkan SA. Electrochemical Investigations of the Anticancer Drug Idarubicin Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon and Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dusi G, Vago G, Ghidelli V, Pellegrino RM, Galarini R. Analytical investigations about the presence of prednisolone in cow urine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1221-1231. [PMID: 22972790 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since 2008, the analyses carried out in the Lombardia region as part of National Residue Control Plans have evidenced unexpected frequent detection of the corticosteroid prednisolone (PRED) in cow urine samples taken to the slaughterhouse. Considering the scarce plausibility of these high frequent findings, analytical investigations were started to ascertain the real presence of this corticosteroid. The applied confirmatory method involved liquid-chromatography low-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) as instrumental technique, and it was validated in compliance with the requirements of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. However, recently some criticism regarding Commission Decision 2002/657/EC identification criteria has been pointed out, experimentally demonstrating false positive results (wrong identification) although these criteria have been strictly observed. Therefore, considering the serious implications (i.e. the possibility that PRED could be considered endogenous in particular animal conditions), studies were carried out to investigate the reliability of PRED identification through the change of the chromatographic conditions (mobile phases, gradient and analytical column) of the confirmatory procedure routinely applied. Further confirmation came from the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry technique (MS(2) and MS(3) experiments) to analyze incurred cow urines samples. All the obtained results confirmed definitively the real presence of this corticosteroid excluding false-positive findings in routine analysis. In addition, other experiments demonstrated that high-resolution mass spectrometers (Time of Flight and Orbitrap technologies) could be successfully applied to routine determination of steroid residues in biological fluids at very low concentrations (< 1 µg L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Dusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, B. Ubertini, Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
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Is it really necessary to validate an analytical method or not? That is the question. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rezaei B, Askarpour N, Hadadzadeh H. Experimental and PM6/SPARKLE Semiempirical Study of Interaction between 4-Methoxyphenylcyanamide and Gadolinium(III) as a Fast Polymeric Membrane Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ferrer I, Thurman EM, Zweigenbaum J. LC/TOF-MS analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables: the emerging role of accurate mass in the unambiguous identification of pesticides in food. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 747:193-218. [PMID: 21643909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-136-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection, identification, confirmation, and quantitation of pesticides in fruits and vegetables are typically performed from a list of suspect compounds or targets. However, there is mounting concern that pesticides not targeted are finding their way into the food supply. This chapter describes the use of LC with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) for the detection and identification of pesticides that are not targeted. The use of accurate mass measurement and its implication for the identification of non-targeted compounds are discussed. The need for unambiguous identification and requirements therein are evaluated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Ferrer
- Center for Environmental Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Araujo P. Key aspects of analytical method validation and linearity evaluation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2224-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Konieczka P. The Role of and the Place of Method Validation in the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) System. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701244649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konieczka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
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Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Evaporative light scattering detection: trends in its analytical uses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1663-72. [PMID: 17572888 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) is widely recognized as a universal tool for liquid and supercritical chromatographies. In addition, this detection technique is fully compatible with continuous-flow systems. In fact, the combination of continuous non-chromatographic techniques and ELSD affords the design of simple, reliable systems for extracting qualitative information. This paper reviews instrumental innovations regarding the miniaturization of evaporative light scattering detectors and their uses in micro and capillary liquid chromatography; also, it discusses their increasingly important role in the development of vanguard configurations for sample screening and the determination of total indices without the need for chromatographic separation. Moreover, it compares them with other types of chromatographic detectors in terms of performance. Finally, the potential of ELSD for solving real-life analytical problems arising from the need to meet (bio)chemical information needs is illustrated with various selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lucena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
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Ridder TD, Brown CD, Ver Steeg BJ. Framework for multivariate selectivity analysis, part II: experimental applications. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 59:804-15. [PMID: 16053547 DOI: 10.1366/0003702054280739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In Part I of this paper, a framework for multivariate selectivity was introduced that is both calculable from first principles and experimentally tractable. In this part, we employ the proposed selectivity framework for analyzing both in vitro and in vivo near-infrared experimental data. Two in vitro data sets are used to compare different methods for estimating selectivity and to demonstrate the benefits obtained from validation data with expanded interferant concentration ranges. The in vitro data also demonstrate that the experimentally estimated selectivities provide insights into the properties of the calibration models that are difficult or impossible to infer by other means. The merits of the proposed selectivity function are further demonstrated using a complex in vivo application: the noninvasive measurement of ethanol in humans. Results indicate that in vivo calibration model sensitivity, selectivity, and concentration correlations can be systematically interrogated using the proposed selectivity framework and judicious use of experimental measurements. These analyses not only provide selectivity and sensitivity information, but also the variance components of the total MSEP, which is invaluable information for both method development and analytical method characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent D Ridder
- InLight Solutions, Inc., 800 Bradbury SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA.
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Brown CD, Ridder TD. Framework for multivariate selectivity analysis, part I: theoretical and practical merits. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 59:787-803. [PMID: 16053546 DOI: 10.1366/0003702054280621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of definitions of multivariate selectivity have been proposed in the literature. Arguably, the one that enjoys the greatest chemometric attention has been the net analyte signal (NAS) based definitions of Lorber and Zinn. Recent works have suggested that similar inference can be made for inverse least-squares calibration methods (e.g., principal components regression). However, the properties of inverse calibration methods are markedly different than classical methods, so in many practical cases involving inverse models classically derived figures of merit cannot be transparently interpreted. In Part I of this work, we discuss a selectivity framework that is theoretically consistent regardless of the calibration method. Importantly, it is also experimentally measurable, either through controlled selectivity experiments, or through analysis on opportunistically acquired sample measurements. It is statistically advantageous to use the former if such control is achievable. Selectivity is defined to be a function of the change in predicted analyte concentration that will result from a change in the concentration of an interferant, an approach consistent with traditional definitions of analytical selectivity and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards recommendations for interference testing. Unlike the NAS-based definition of selectivity, the definition discussed herein is relevant to only a particular analyte-interferant pair. The theoretical and experimental aspects of this approach are illustrated with simulated data herein and in Part II of this paper, which investigates several experimental near-infrared data sets.
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Faber N(KM, Ferré J, Boqué R, Kalivas JH. Quantifying selectivity in spectrophotometric multicomponent analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(03)00604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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