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Liu L, Wang Y, Du S, Zhang W, Hou L, Vedal S, Han B, Yang W, Chen M, Bai Z. Characteristics of atmospheric single particles during haze periods in a typical urban area of Beijing: A case study in October, 2014. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 40:145-153. [PMID: 26969554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the composition and possible sources of particles, especially during heavy haze pollution, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during October of 2014, in Beijing. A total of 2,871,431 particles with both positive and negative spectra were collected and characterized in combination with the adaptive resonance theory neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Eight types of particles were classified: dust particles (dust, 8.1%), elemental carbon (EC, 29.0%), organic carbon (OC, 18.0%), EC and OC combined particles (ECOC, 9.5%), Na-K containing particles (NaK, 7.9%), K-containing particles (K, 21.8%), organic nitrogen and potassium containing particles (KCN, 2.3%), and metal-containing particles (metal, 3.6%). Three haze pollution events (P1, P2, P3) and one clean period (clean) were analyzed, based on the mass and number concentration of PM2.5 and the back trajectory results from the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model (Hysplit-4 model). Results showed that EC, OC and K were the major components of single particles during the three haze pollution periods, which showed clearly increased ratios compared with those in the clean period. Results from the mixing state of secondary species of different types of particles showed that sulfate and nitrate were more readily mixed with carbon-containing particles during haze pollution episodes than in clean periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail: .
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail:
| | - Shiyong Du
- Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Ji'nan, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail:
| | - Lujian Hou
- Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Ji'nan, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Sverre Vedal
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail: ; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail:
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail:
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. E-mail: .
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11
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Workman, J, Veltkamp DJ, Doherty S, Anderson BB, Creasy KE, Koch M, Tatera JF, Robinson AL, Bond L, Burgess LW, Bokerman GN, Ullman AH, Darsey GP, Mozayeni F, Bamberger JA, Greenwood MS. Process Analytical Chemistry. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/a1990007s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Workman,
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - David J. Veltkamp
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Steve Doherty
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Brian B. Anderson
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Ken E. Creasy
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Mel Koch
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - James F. Tatera
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Alex L. Robinson
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Leonard Bond
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Lloyd W. Burgess
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Gary N. Bokerman
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Alan H. Ullman
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Gary P. Darsey
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Foad Mozayeni
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Judith Ann Bamberger
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
| | - Margaret Stautberg Greenwood
- Analytical Science & Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Chemical Sciences Group, Monsanto Company/Searle, Skokie, Illinois 60077, Savannah River Technology Center, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Akine, South Carolina 29808, On-Line Instrumentation Skill Center, AlliedSignal, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey 07962-1021, Process Analysis Expertise Center, Dow Corning
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