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Ma N, Shen M, Chen T, Liu Y, Mao Y, Chen L, Xiong H, Hou W, Liu D, Yang Z. Assessment of a new arbidol derivative against herpes simplex virus II in human cervical epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109359. [PMID: 31545243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the highly contagious forms, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) commonly caused severe genital diseases and closely referred to the HIV infection. The lack of effective vaccines and drug-resistance proclaimed the preoccupation for alternative antiviral agents against HSV-2. Molecules bearing indole nucleus presented diverse biological properties involving antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, one of the indole molecules, arbidol derivative (ARD) was designed and synthesized prior to the evaluation of its anti-HSV-2 activity. Our data showed that the ARD effectively suppressed HSV-2-induced cytopathic effects and the generation of progeny virus, with 50% effective concentrations of 3.386 and 1.717 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the time-course assay suggested that the ARD operated in a dual antiviral way by interfering virus entry and impairing the earlier period of viral cycle during viral DNA synthesis. The ARD-mediated HSV-2 inhibition was partially attained by blocking NF-κB pathways and down-regulating the expressions of several inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that oral administration of ARD protected BALB/c mice from intravaginal HSV-2 challenge by alleviating serious vulval lesions and histopathological changes in the target organs. Besides, the treatment with ARD also made the levels of viral protein, NF-κB protein and inflammatory cytokines lower, in consistent with the in-vitro studies. Collectively, ARD unveiled therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of HSV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yidong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhanqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, National Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Dai W, Wu Y, Bi J, Wang S, Li F, Kong W, Barbier J, Cintrat JC, Gao F, Gillet D, Su W, Jiang C. Antiviral Effects of ABMA against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2018. [PMID: 29522484 PMCID: PMC5869512 DOI: 10.3390/v10030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the causative pathogen of genital herpes and is closely associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The absence of an effective vaccine and the emergence of drug resistance to commonly used nucleoside analogs emphasize the urgent need for alternative antivirals against HSV-2. Recently, ABMA [1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine] has been demonstrated to be an inhibitor of several pathogens exploiting host-vesicle transport, which also participates in the HSV-2 lifecycle. Here, we showed that ABMA inhibited HSV-2-induced cytopathic effects and plaque formation with 50% effective concentrations of 1.66 and 1.08 μM, respectively. We also preliminarily demonstrated in a time of compound addition assay that ABMA exerted a dual antiviral mechanism by impairing virus entry, as well as the late stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that ABMA protected BALB/c mice from intravaginal HSV-2 challenge with an improved survival rate of 50% at 5 mg/kg (8.33% for the untreated virus infected control). Consequently, our study has identified ABMA as an effective inhibitor of HSV-2, both in vitro and in vivo, for the first time and presents an alternative to nucleoside analogs for HSV-2 infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Fang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Julien Barbier
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | | | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Daniel Gillet
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
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Zhang P, Xie L, Balliet JW, Casimiro DR, Yao F. A herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D-expressing nonreplicating dominant-negative HSV-2 virus vaccine is superior to a gD2 subunit vaccine against HSV-2 genital infection in guinea pigs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101373. [PMID: 24979708 PMCID: PMC4076306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently constructed a novel non-replicating dominant-negative HSV-2 recombinant viral vaccine (CJ2-gD2) capable of expressing various HSV-2 antigens that are dominant targets of HSV-2-specific CD8 T-cell response. Importantly, CJ2-gD2 expresses gD2, the HSV-2 major antigen glycoprotein D, as efficiently as wild-type HSV-2 infection and can lead to a nearly 500-fold reduction in wild-type HSV-2 viral replication in cells co-infected with CJ2-gD2 and wild-type HSV-2. In this report, we show that CJ2-gD2 elicits a strong antibody response to various HSV-2 antigens and is highly effective in the prevention of primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infection and disease in the immunized guinea pigs. The direct comparison study between CJ2-gD2 and a gD2 subunit vaccine (gD2-alum/MPL) with a formulation akin to a vaccine tested in phase III clinical trials shows that CJ2-gD2 is 8 times more effective than the gD2-alum/MPL subunit vaccine in eliciting an anti-HSV-2 specific neutralizing antibody response and offers significantly superior protection against primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infections. Importantly, no challenge wild-type HSV-2 viral DNA was detectable in dorsal root ganglia DNA isolated from CJ2-gD2-immunized guinea pigs on day 60 post-challenge. CJ2-gD2 should be an excellent HSV-2 vaccine candidate for protection against HSV-2 genital infection and disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lining Xie
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John W. Balliet
- Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Danilo R. Casimiro
- Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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New Herpes Simplex Virus Replication Targets. Antiviral Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555815493.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Development of a glycoprotein D-expressing dominant-negative and replication-defective herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) recombinant viral vaccine against HSV-2 infection in mice. J Virol 2011; 85:5036-47. [PMID: 21389121 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02548-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the T-REx (Invitrogen, California) gene switch technology and a dominant-negative mutant polypeptide of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-origin binding protein UL9, we previously constructed a glycoprotein D-expressing replication-defective and dominant-negative HSV-1 recombinant viral vaccine, CJ9-gD, for protection against HSV infection and disease. It was demonstrated that CJ9-gD is avirulent following intracerebral inoculation in mice, cannot establish detectable latent infection following different routes of infection, and offers highly effective protective immunity against primary HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection and disease in mouse and guinea pig models of HSV infections. Given these favorable safety and immunological profiles of CJ9-gD, aiming to maximize levels of HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) expression, we have constructed an ICP0 null mutant-based dominant-negative and replication-defective HSV-2 recombinant, CJ2-gD2, that contains 2 copies of the gD2 gene driven by the tetracycline operator (tetO)-bearing HSV-1 major immediate-early ICP4 promoter. CJ2-gD2 expresses gD2 as efficiently as wild-type HSV-2 infection and can lead to a 150-fold reduction in wild-type HSV-2 viral replication in cells coinfected with CJ2-gD2 and wild-type HSV-2 at the same multiplicity of infection. CJ2-gD2 is avirulent following intracerebral injection and cannot establish a detectable latent infection following subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization. CJ2-gD2 is a more effective vaccine than HSV-1 CJ9-gD and a non-gD2-expressing dominant-negative and replication-defective HSV-2 recombinant in protection against wild-type HSV-2 genital disease. Using recall response, we showed that immunization with CJ2-gD2 elicited strong HSV-2-specific memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses. Collectively, given the demonstrated preclinical immunogenicity and its unique safety profiles, CJ2-gD2 represents a new class of HSV-2 replication-defective recombinant viral vaccines in protection against HSV-2 genital infection and disease.
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Brans R. [Evaluation of a dominant-negative recombinant herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 as a vaccine against genital herpes in mice und guinea pigs]. Hautarzt 2010; 61:1073-8. [PMID: 21052616 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-010-2075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Currently, no safe and effective vaccine against HSV is available. CJ9-gD is a completely replication-defective HSV-1 recombinant which inhibits replication of wild-type HSV-1/-2 in co-infected cells (dominant-negative effect). Moreover, it expresses high levels of HSV-1 major antigen glycoprotein D (gD). Immunization with CJ9-gD induces strong and long-lasting humoral and Th1-like cellular immune responses against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 in mice protecting immunized animals significantly against genital challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. Guinea pigs immunized with CJ9-gD were significantly protected against primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital disease and latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brans
- Fachgebiet Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Sedanstr. 115, 49090, Osnabrück.
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Immunization with a dominant-negative recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 protects against HSV-2 genital disease in guinea pigs. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:163. [PMID: 20525279 PMCID: PMC2889954 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CJ9-gD is a novel dominant-negative recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that is completely replication-defective, cannot establish detectable latent infection in vivo, and expresses high levels of the major HSV-1 antigen glycoprotein D immediately following infection. In the present study, CJ9-gD was evaluated as a vaccine against HSV-2 genital infection in guinea pigs. Results Animals immunized with CJ9-gD developed at least 700-fold higher titers of HSV-2-specific neutralization antibodies than mock-immunized controls. After challenge with wild-type HSV-2, all 10 control guinea pigs developed multiple genital lesions with an average of 21 lesions per animal. In contrast, only 2 minor lesions were found in 2 of 8 CJ9-gD-immunized animals, representing a 40-fold reduction on the incidence of primary genital lesions in immunized animals (p < 0.0001). Immunization significantly reduced the amount and duration of viral shedding and provided complete protection against neurological symptoms, while 90% of mock-immunized animals succumbed due to the severity of disease. Importantly, immunized animals showed no signs of recurrent disease or viral shedding during a 60-days observation period after recovery from primary infection, and carried 50-fold less latent viral DNA load in their dorsal root ganglia than the surviving mock-vaccinated controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Collectively, we demonstrate that vaccination with the HSV-1 recombinant CJ9-gD elicits strong and protective immune responses against primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital disease and significantly reduces the extent of latent infection.
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Mühlbach H, Mohr CA, Ruzsics Z, Koszinowski UH. Dominant-negative proteins in herpesviruses - from assigning gene function to intracellular immunization. Viruses 2009; 1:420-40. [PMID: 21994555 PMCID: PMC3185506 DOI: 10.3390/v1030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating and assigning gene functions of herpesviruses is a process, which profits from consistent technical innovation. Cloning of bacterial artificial chromosomes encoding herpesvirus genomes permits nearly unlimited possibilities in the construction of genetically modified viruses. Targeted or randomized screening approaches allow rapid identification of essential viral proteins. Nevertheless, mapping of essential genes reveals only limited insight into function. The usage of dominant-negative (DN) proteins has been the tool of choice to dissect functions of proteins during the viral life cycle. DN proteins also facilitate the analysis of host-virus interactions. Finally, DNs serve as starting-point for design of new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institut, LMU, Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (H.M.); (C.A.M.); (Z.R.)
| | - Ulrich H. Koszinowski
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institut, LMU, Feodor-Lynenstr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (H.M.); (C.A.M.); (Z.R.)
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Brans R, Akhrameyeva NV, Yao F. Prevention of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 disease in mice immunized with a gD-expressing dominant-negative recombinant HSV-1. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2470-9. [PMID: 19357711 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CJ9-gD is a novel herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 recombinant virus that is completely replication-defective, expresses high-levels of HSV-1 major antigen glycoprotein D (gD), and can function in trans to inhibit replication of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2 in co-infected cells. Here, we show that immunization with CJ9-gD elicits strong and long-lasting humoral and Th1-like cellular immune responses against both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Mice immunized with CJ9-gD exhibited significant reductions in the extent and duration of intravaginal replication of challenge HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared with mock-immunized controls, and were completely protected from local or systemic herpetic disease after intravaginal challenge with wild-type HSV-1 or HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brans
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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High-level expression of glycoprotein D by a dominant-negative HSV-1 virus augments its efficacy as a vaccine against HSV-1 infection. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:1174-84. [PMID: 19005489 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using the T-REx (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) gene switch technology, we previously generated a dominant-negative herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 recombinant, CJ83193, capable of inhibiting its own replication as well as that of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2. It has been further demonstrated that CJ83193 is an effective vaccine against HSV-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. To ensure its safety and augment its efficacy, we generated an improved CJ83193-like HSV-1 recombinant, CJ9-gD, which contains a deletion in an HSV-1 essential gene and encodes an extra copy of gene-encoding glycoprotein D (gD) driven by the tetO-bearing human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. Unlike CJ83193, which exhibits limited plaque-forming capability in Vero cells and expresses little gD in infected cells, CJ9-gD is completely replication defective, yields high-level expression of gD following infection, and cannot establish detectable infection in mouse trigeminal ganglia following intranasal and ocular inoculation. Mice immunized with CJ9-gD produced 3.5-fold higher HSV-1 neutralizing antibody titer than CJ83193-immunized mice, and were completely protected from herpetic ocular disease following corneal challenge with wild-type HSV-1. Moreover, immunization of mice with CJ9-gD elicited a strong HSV-1-specific T-cell response and led to an 80% reduction in latent infection by challenge wild-type HSV-1 compared with the mock-immunized control.
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Immunization with a dominant-negative recombinant HSV type 1 protects against HSV-1 skin disease in guinea pigs. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2825-32. [PMID: 18496565 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CJ9-gD belongs to a new class of replication-defective recombinant herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) type 1 that can function in trans to prevent the replication of wild-type HSV in co-infected cells. Furthermore, CJ9-gD cannot establish latent infection in vivo and it expresses high levels of the major HSV-1 antigen glycoprotein D immediately following infection. In this study we show that guinea pigs immunized with CJ9-gD developed at least 9,600-fold higher titers of HSV-1-specific neutralization antibodies than mock-immunized controls. After challenge with wild-type HSV-1, all 10 mock-immunized guinea pigs developed multiple skin lesions with an average of 53.3 lesions per animal, whereas only 2 minor lesions were found in 1 of 10 CJ9-gD-immunized animals, representing a 267-fold reduction on the incidence of primary herpetic skin lesions in immunized animals. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the amount and frequency of wild-type HSV-1 viral DNA present in dorsal root ganglia of immunized animals was significantly lower than that in mock-immunized controls. Collectively, we demonstrate that vaccination with CJ9-gD elicits strong and protective immune responses against primary HSV-1 skin disease and reduces the extent of latent infection by challenge virus.
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Rupp B, Ruzsics Z, Sacher T, Koszinowski UH. Conditional cytomegalovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2005; 79:486-94. [PMID: 15596841 PMCID: PMC538716 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.1.486-494.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established a conditional gene expression system for cytomegalovirus which allows regulation of genes independently from the viral replication program. Due to the combination of all elements required for regulated expression in the same viral genome, conditional viruses can be studied in different cell lines in vitro and in the natural host in vivo. The combination of a self-sufficient tetracycline-regulated expression cassette and Flp recombinase-mediated insertion into the viral genome allowed fast construction of recombinant murine cytomegaloviruses carrying different conditional genes. The regulation of two reporter genes, the essential viral M50 gene and a dominant-negative mutant gene (m48.2) encoding the small capsid protein, was analyzed in more detail. In vitro, viral growth was regulated by the conditional expression of M50 by 3 orders of magnitude and up to a millionfold when the dominant-negative small capsid protein mutant was used. In vivo, viral growth of the dominant-negative mutant was reduced to detection limits in response to the presence of doxycycline in the organs of mice. We believe that this conditional expression system is applicable to genetic studies of large DNA viruses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Rupp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institut für Virologie, Ludwiv-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Augustinova H, Hoeller D, Yao F. The dominant-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant CJ83193 can serve as an effective vaccine against wild-type HSV-1 infection in mice. J Virol 2004; 78:5756-65. [PMID: 15140973 PMCID: PMC415800 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.11.5756-5765.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By selectively regulating the expression of the trans-dominant-negative mutant polypeptide UL9-C535C, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein UL9 with the tetracycline repressor (tetR)-mediated gene switch, we recently generated a novel replication-defective and anti-HSV-specific HSV-1 recombinant, CJ83193. The UL9-C535C peptides expressed by CJ83193 can function as a potent intracellular therapy against its own replication, as well as the replication of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2 in coinfected cells. In this report, we demonstrate that CJ83193 cannot initiate acute productive infection in corneas of infected mice nor can it reactivate from trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected by CJ83193 in a mouse ocular model. Given that CJ83193 is capable of expressing the viral alpha, beta, and gamma1 genes but little or no gamma2 genes, we tested the vaccine potential of CJ83193 against HSV-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. Our studies showed that immunization with CJ83193 significantly reduced the yields of challenge HSV in the eyes and trigeminal ganglia on days 3, 5, and 7 postchallenge. Like in mice immunized with the wild-type HSV-1 strain KOS, immunization of mice with CJ83193 prevents the development of keratitis and encephalitis induced by corneal challenge with wild-type HSV-1 strain mP. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) assays demonstrate that CJ83193 can elicit durable cell-mediated immunity at the same level as that of wild-type HSV-1 and is more effective than that induced by d27, an HSV-1 ICP27 deletion mutant. Moreover, mice immunized with CJ83193 developed strong, durable HSV-1-neutralizing antibodies at levels at least twofold higher than those induced by d27. The results presented in this report have shed new light on the development of effective HSV viral vaccines that encode a unique safety mechanism capable of inhibiting the mutant's own replication and that of wild-type virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanka Augustinova
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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