1
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Aghaei H, Ghavi M, Hashemkhani G, Keshavarz M. Utilization of two modified layered doubled hydroxides as supports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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2
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Binhayeeding N, Yunu T, Pichid N, Klomklao S, Sangkharak K. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on polyhydroxybutyrate via a combination of adsorption and cross-linking agents to enhance acylglycerol production. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Covalent Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Epichlorohydrin-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles: Enantioselective Hydrolysis Studies of Some Racemic Esters and HPLC Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1411-1431. [PMID: 32103473 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new biocatalyst was prepared by immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase epichlorohydrin-functionalized onto the surface of the nanoparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles were obtained by chemical co-precipitation method of Fe2+ and Fe3+, and then the prepared uncoated and coated nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and TGA. Lipase was covalently attached to activated nanoparticles. The catalytic properties of free and immobilized lipases were determined. It was found that the optimum temperature for free and immobilized lipases was 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The optimum pH values were found to be 7.0 and 8 for free and immobilized lipases, respectively. Immobilized lipase was found to retain significant activity even after the seventh use. In the final section of the study, optically pure compounds were obtained by carrying out the enantioselective hydrolysis studies of racemic esters by using immobilized lipase. Enantiomeric excesses of the products in the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen and naproxen methyl ester and racemic butyl mandelate were determined to be 94.93, 77.30 and 68.15, respectively.
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4
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Kryukova M, Petrovskaya L, Kryukova E, Lomakina G, Yakimov S, Maksimov E, Boyko K, Popov V, Dolgikh D, Kirpichnikov M. Thermal Inactivation of a Cold-Active Esterase PMGL3 Isolated from the Permafrost Metagenomic Library. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E880. [PMID: 31888238 PMCID: PMC6995580 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PMGL3 is a cold-adapted esterase which was recently isolated from the permafrost metagenomic library. It exhibits maximum activity at 30 °C and low stability at elevated temperatures (40 °C and higher). Sequence alignment has revealed that PMGL3 is a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family. In this work, we demonstrated that incubation at 40 °C led to the inactivation of the enzyme (t1/2 = 36 min), which was accompanied by the formation of tetramers and higher molecular weight aggregates. In order to increase the thermal stability of PMGL3, its two cysteines Cys49 and Cys207 were substituted by the hydrophobic residues, which are found at the corresponding positions of thermostable esterases from the HSL family. One of the obtained mutants, C207F, possessed improved stability at 40 °C (t1/2 = 169 min) and increased surface hydrophobicity, whereas C49V was less stable in comparison with the wild type PMGL3. Both mutants exhibited reduced values of Vmax and kcat, while C207F demonstrated increased affinity to the substrate, and improved catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.V. Kryukova
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-technologies, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - L.E. Petrovskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - E.A. Kryukova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - G.Yu. Lomakina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - S.A. Yakimov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - E.G. Maksimov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, bld 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - K.M. Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - V.O. Popov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-technologies, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - D.A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, bld 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - M.P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, bld 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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5
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Oyedele SA, Ayodeji AO, Bamidele OS, Ajele JO, Fabunmi TB. Enhanced lipolytic activity potential of mutant Bacillus niacini EMB-5 Grown on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and biochemical characterization of purified lipase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Nguyen LT, Seow N, Yang KL. Hollow cross-linked enzyme aggregates (h-CLEA) of laccase with high uniformity and activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:88-94. [PMID: 27987459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hollow cross-linked enzyme aggregates of laccase (h-CLEA laccase) can be prepared by employing a millifluidic reactor carrying two coaxial laminar flows. In a confluence zone where acetonitrile and an aqueous solution of laccase meet, diffusion of acetonitrile into the aqueous solution gives rise to rapid precipitation of laccase aggregates at the water/acetonitrile interface, as is evidenced by fluorescence images. By controlling the flow rates carefully in the laminar flow regions, h-CLEA laccase around 220±10nm can be obtained, and the size of the h-CLEA laccase increases with increasing flow rates of both solutions. The h-CLEA laccase particles are distinctly different from CLEA laccase prepared in batch processes. The former only consist a crust of cross-linked enzymes (with a hollow core) whereas the latter has a highly porous structure. When the h-CLEA laccase is used as biocatalysts, their activity (0.26U/mg) is comparable to that of free enzymes at neutral pH due to the hollow structure. Moreover, the activity of h-CLEA laccase is higher than that of free laccase at high pH. For example, trypan blue (a dye molecule) can be decolorized completely in the presence of h-CLEA laccase within 270min even at pH 10.0, at which the free enzyme completely loses its activity. Because of their uniform sizes, h-CLEA laccase can be trapped in a membrane for continuous degradation of trypan blue up to 96h without losing any activity. This study shows the superiority of h-CLEA laccase compared to other types of immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Truc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Nianjia Seow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore.
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7
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Immobilization of lipase on mesoporous silica nanoparticles with hierarchical fibrous pore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Skjold-Jørgensen J, Vind J, Svendsen A, Bjerrum MJ. Understanding the activation mechanism ofThermomyces lanuginosuslipase using rational design and tryptophan-induced fluorescence quenching. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Morten J. Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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9
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Das S, Karmakar T, Balasubramanian S. Molecular Mechanism behind Solvent Concentration-Dependent Optimal Activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase in a Biocompatible Ionic Liquid: Interfacial Activation through Arginine Switch. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11720-11732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Das
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tarak Karmakar
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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10
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Enhancing activity and thermostability of lipase A from Serratia marcescens by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Entrapment of cross-linked cellulase colloids in alginate beads for hydrolysis of cellulose. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:862-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Gonçalves KM, Junior II, Papadimitriou V, Zoumpanioti M, Leal ICR, de Souza ROMA, Cordeiro Y, Xenakis A. Nanoencapsulated Lecitase Ultra and Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase, a Comparative Structural Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6746-6756. [PMID: 27291999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two commercially available and widely used enzymes, the parent Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) and the shuffled phospholipase A1 Lecitase (Lecitase Ultra), were encapsulated in AOT/isooctane reverse micelles and evaluated regarding their structure and activity. Preparations were also tested as effective biocatalysts. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and fluorescence spectroscopy were the techniques applied to assess the effects of enzyme incorporation to a reverse micellar nanostructure. SAXS analysis showed that the radius of gyration (Rg) changed from 16 to 38 Å, as the water content (w0) increased. Elongated shapes were more commonly observed than spherical shapes after enzyme encapsulation. EPR studies indicated that enzymes do not participate in the interface, being located in the aqueous center. Fluorescence energy transfer showed that TLL is located in the water core, whereas Lecitase Ultra is closer to the interface. Enzymatic activity toward a standard esterification reaction endured after the enzyme was incorporated into the micelles. The activity of TLL for systems with w0 15 showed the highest conversion yield, 38% in 2 h, while the system with w0 10 showed the highest initial velocity, 0.43 μM/min. This last system had a Rg of 19.3 Å, similar to that of the TLL monomer. Lecitase Ultra showed the highest conversion yields in systems with w0 10, 55% in 2 h. However, the initial rate was much lower than that of TLL, suggesting less affinity for the substrates, which is expected since Lecitase Ultra is a phospholipase. In summary, we here used several spectroscopic and scattering techniques to reveal the shape and stability of TTL and Lecitase Ultra encapsulated systems, which allowed the selection of w0 values to provide optimized enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ivaldo I Junior
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vassiliki Papadimitriou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Maria Zoumpanioti
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Ivana C R Leal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O M A de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , Athens 116 35, Greece
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13
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Optimizing the preparation conditions and characterization of a stable and recyclable cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA)-protease. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Muth M, Schmid RP, Schnitzlein K. Ellipsometric study of molecular orientations of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase at the air-water interface by simultaneous determination of refractive index and thickness. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 140:60-66. [PMID: 26735895 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ellipsometric studies of very thin organic films suffer from the low refractive index contrast between layer and bulk substrate. We demonstrate that null ellipsometry can not only provide detailed information about the adsorption kinetics and surface excess values, but in addition on layer thicknesses with submonolayer resolution of a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus at the air-water interface. While measuring very close to the Brewster angle, refractive indices and layer-thicknesses can both be determined with a precision that is sufficiently high to make conclusions on the density and orientation of the molecules at the interface. The orientation was found to be concentration- and pH value-dependent. At the isoelectric point, the lipase was almost vertically oriented with respect to the surface, while for pure distilled water and low lipase concentration a rather horizontal alignment was found. Further experiments, varying the size of the interfacial area in a Langmuir trough, confirm the different layer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Muth
- Chair of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany; Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Reiner P Schmid
- Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
| | - Klaus Schnitzlein
- Chair of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
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15
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Timucin E, Cousido-Siah A, Mitschler A, Podjarny A, Sezerman OU. Probing the roles of two tryptophans surrounding the unique zinc coordination site in lipase family I.5. Proteins 2015; 84:129-42. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Timucin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering; Sabanci University; Istanbul 34956 Turkey
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology; Institut De Génétique Et De Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS; 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - André Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology; Institut De Génétique Et De Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS; 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology; Institut De Génétique Et De Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS; 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine; Acibadem University; Atasehir Istanbul 34742 Turkey
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16
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Promoting protein self-association in non-glycosylated Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase based on crystal lattice contacts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1914-1921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Mahmod SS, Yusof F, Jami MS, Khanahmadi S, Shah H. Development of an immobilized biocatalyst with lipase and protease activities as a multipurpose cross-linked enzyme aggregate (multi-CLEA). Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Huang S, Li X, Xu L, Ke C, Zhang R, Yan Y. Protein-Coated Microcrystals from Candida rugosa Lipase: Its Immobilization, Characterization, and Application in Resolution of Racemic Ibuprofen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:36-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Ávila-Cisneros N, Velasco-Lozano S, Huerta-Ochoa S, Córdova-López J, Gimeno M, Favela-Torres E. Production of Thermostable Lipase by Thermomyces lanuginosus on Solid-State Fermentation: Selective Hydrolysis of Sardine Oil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1859-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Gonçalves KM, Barbosa LR, Lima LMT, Cortines JR, Kalume DE, Leal IC, Mariz e Miranda LS, de Souza RO, Cordeiro Y. Conformational dissection of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase in solution. Biophys Chem 2014; 185:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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The conserved lid tryptophan, W211, potentiates thermostability and thermoactivity in bacterial thermoalkalophilic lipases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85186. [PMID: 24391996 PMCID: PMC3877348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that aggregation of thermoalkalophilic lipases could be a thermostability mechanism. The conserved tryptophans (W211, W234) in the lid are of particular interest owing to their previous involvements in aggregation and thermostability mechanisms in many other proteins. The thermoalkalophilic lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL2) and its mutants (W211A, W234A) were expressed and purified to homogeneity. We found that, when aggregated, BTL2 is more thermostable than its non-aggregating form, showing that aggregation potentiates thermostability in the thermoalkalophilic lipase. Among the two lid mutants, the W211A lowered aggregation tendency drastically and resulted in a much less thermostable variant of BTL2, which indicated that W211 stabilizes the intermolecular interactions in BTL2 aggregates. Further thermoactivity and CD spectroscopy analyses showed that W211A also led to a strong decrease in the optimal and the melting temperature of BTL2, implying stabilization by W211 also to the intramolecular interactions. The other lid mutant W234A had no effects on these properties. Finally, we analyzed the molecular basis of these experimental findings in-silico using the dimer (PDB ID: 1KU0) and the monomer (PDB ID: 2W22) lipase structures. The computational analyses confirmed that W211 stabilized the intermolecular interactions in the dimer lipase and it is critical to the stability of the monomer lipase. Explicitly W211 confers stability to the dimer and the monomer lipase through distinct aromatic interactions with Y273-Y282 and H87-P232 respectively. The insights revealed by this work shed light not only on the mechanism of thermostability and its relation to aggregation but also on the particular role of the conserved lid tryptophan in the thermoalkalophilic lipases.
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22
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Structure–function analysis of a new bacterial lipase: Effect of local structure reorganization on lipase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 54:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Zhou J, Chen WW, Jia ZB, Huang GR, Hong Y, Tao JJ, Luo XB. Purification and Characterization of Lipase Produced by Aspergillus oryzae CJLU-31 Isolated from Waste Cooking Oily Soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.596.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Light harvesting amphiphiles boost the performance of lipase-based washing formulations. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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26
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Cabrera-Padilla RY, Lisboa MC, Fricks AT, Franceschi E, Lima AS, Silva DP, Soares CMF. Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate): a new eco-friendly support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:289-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the morphological [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)], physicochemical [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)], and biochemical properties of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on a natural biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) in aqueous solution. CRL was immobilized by physical adsorption with efficiency of 30%. Compared with free CRL enzyme, there were slight changes in immobilized CRL activity as a function of temperature (from 37°C to 45°C), but a similar optimal pH value of 7.0. Inactivation rate constants for immobilized CRL enzyme were 0.009 and 0.334 h−1, and half-lives were 77 and 2 h at 40°C and 60°C, respectively. Kinetic parameters obtained for immobilized CRL include the Michaelis–Menten constant of K m = 213.18 mM and maximum reaction velocity of V max = 318.62 U/g. The operational stability of immobilized CRL was tested repeatedly, and after 12 cycles of reuse, the enzyme retained 50% activity. Based on our results, we propose that PHBV-immobilized CRL could serve as a promising biocatalyst in several industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Y Cabrera-Padilla
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Milena C Lisboa
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Alini T Fricks
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
- grid.466823.d Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Elton Franceschi
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
- grid.466823.d Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Alvaro S Lima
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
- grid.466823.d Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Daniel P Silva
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
- grid.466823.d Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- grid.442005.7 Universidade Tiradentes Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
- grid.466823.d Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Bairro Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju SE Brazil
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Sivaramakrishnan R, Muthukumar K. Isolation of Thermo-stable and Solvent-Tolerant Bacillus sp. Lipase for the Production of Biodiesel. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:1095-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on magnetic sol–gel composite supports for enzymatic resolution of (R,S)-Naproxen methyl ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Chakravorty D, Parameswaran S, Dubey VK, Patra S. In silico characterization of thermostable lipases. Extremophiles 2010; 15:89-103. [PMID: 21153672 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-010-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable lipases are of high priority for industrial applications as they are endowed with the capability of carrying out diversified reactions at elevated temperatures. Extremophiles are their potential source. Sequence and structure annotation of thermostable lipases can elucidate evolution of lipases from their mesophilic counterparts with enhanced thermostability hence better industrial potential. Sequence analysis highlighted the conserved residues in bacterial and fungal thermostable lipases. Higher frequency of AXXXA motif and poly Ala residues in lid domain of thermostable Bacillus lipases were distinguishing characteristics. Comparison of amino acid composition among thermostable and mesostable lipases brought into light the role of neutral, charged and aromatic amino acid residues in enhancement of thermostability. Structural annotation of thermostable lipases with that of mesostable lipases revealed some striking features which are increment of gamma turns in thermostable lipases; being first time reported in our paper, longer beta strands, lesser beta-branched residues in helices, increase in charged-neutral hydrogen bonding pair, hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact and differences in the N-cap and C-cap residues of the α helices. Conclusively, it can be stated that subtle changes in the arrangement of amino acid residues in the tertiary structure of lipases contributes to enhanced thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Chakravorty
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Fano M, van de Weert M, Moeller EH, Kruse NA, Frokjaer S. Ionic strength-dependent denaturation of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase induced by SDS. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 506:92-8. [PMID: 21093408 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triglyceride lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TlL) has been reported to be resistant to denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We have found that at neutral pH, structural integrity is strongly dependent on ionic strength. In 10mM phosphate buffer and SDS, the lipase exhibits a far-UV CD spectrum similar to other proteins denatured in this surfactant while the near-UV CD spectrum shows a complete loss of tertiary structure, observations supported by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy. However, when increasing the ionic strength by the addition of NaCl, the lipase was rendered resistant towards SDS denaturation, as observed by all techniques employed. The effect of salt on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS was observed to correlate with the effect on the degree of SDS-induced denaturation. This finding is compatible with the notion that the concentration of SDS monomers is a crucial factor for SDS-lipase interactions. The presented results are important for the understanding and improvement of protein stability in surfactant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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31
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Cruz JC, Pfromm PH, Tomich JM, Rezac ME. Conformational changes and catalytic competency of hydrolases adsorbing on fumed silica nanoparticles: II. Secondary structure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Purification, characterization and application of acidic lipase from Pseudomonas gessardii using beef tallow as a substrate for fats and oil hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Mbatia B, Adlercreutz P, Mulaa F, Mattiasson B. Enzymatic enrichment of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nile perch (Lates niloticus) viscera oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Enantioselective hydrolysis of rasemic naproxen methyl ester with sol–gel encapsulated lipase in the presence of sporopollenin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Mendes AA, Barbosa BCM, Da Silva MLCP, De Castro HF. Morphological, biochemical and kinetic properties of lipase fromCandida rugosaimmobilized in zirconium phosphate. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701510536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Tutar H, Yilmaz E, Pehlivan E, Yilmaz M. Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on sporopollenin from Lycopodium clavatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:315-20. [PMID: 19583977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a natural polymer obtained from Lycopodium clavatum, which is highly stable with constant chemical structure and has high resistant capacity to chemical attack. In this study, immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) on sporopollenin by adsorption method is reported for the first time. Besides this, the enzyme adsorption capacity, activity and thermal stability of immobilized enzyme have also been investigated. It has been observed that under the optimum conditions (Spo-E((0.3))), the specific activity of the immobilized lipase on the sporopollenin by adsorption was 16.3U/mg protein, which is 0.46 times less than that of the free lipase (35.6U/mg protein). The pH and temperature of immobilized enzyme were optimized, which were 6.0 and 40 degrees C respectively. Kinetic parameters V(max) and K(m) were also determined for the immobilized lipase. It was observed that there is an increase of the K(m) value (7.54mM) and a decrease of the V(max) value (145.0U/mg-protein) comparing with that of the free lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Tutar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Selcuk University, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey
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Abstract
ORFan genes can constitute a large fraction of a bacterial genome, but due to their lack of homologs, their functions have remained largely unexplored. To determine if particular features of ORFan-encoded proteins promote their presence in a genome, we analyzed properties of ORFans that originated over a broad evolutionary timescale. We also compared ORFan genes to another class of acquired genes, heterogeneous occurrence in prokaryotes (HOPs), which have homologs in other bacteria. A total of 54 ORFan and HOP genes selected from different phylogenetic depths in the Escherichia coli lineage were cloned, expressed, purified, and subjected to circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. A majority of genes could be expressed, but only 18 yielded sufficient soluble protein for spectral analysis. Of these, half were significantly alpha-helical, three were predominantly beta-sheet, and six were of intermediate/indeterminate structure. Although a higher proportion of HOPs yielded soluble proteins with resolvable secondary structures, ORFans resembled HOPs with regard to most of the other features tested. Overall, we found that those ORFan and HOP genes that have persisted in the E. coli lineage were more likely to encode soluble and folded proteins, more likely to display environmental modulation of their gene expression, and by extrapolation, are more likely to be functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Prasad Narra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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38
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Otzen D. Differential adsorption of variants of the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on a hydrophobic surface suggests a role for local flexibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 64:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Mala JGS, Takeuchi S. Understanding structural features of microbial lipases--an overview. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2008; 3:9-19. [PMID: 19609386 PMCID: PMC2701168 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The structural elucidations of microbial lipases have been of prime interest since the 1980s. Knowledge of structural features plays an important role in designing and engineering lipases for specific purposes. Significant structural data have been presented for few microbial lipases, while, there is still a structure-deficit, that is, most lipase structures are yet to be resolved. A search for 'lipase structure' in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) returns only 93 hits (as of September 2007) and, the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) reports 89 lipase structures as compared to 14719 core nucleotide records. It is therefore worthwhile to consider investigations on the structural analysis of microbial lipases. This review is intended to provide a collection of resources on the instrumental, chemical and bioinformatics approaches for structure analyses. X-ray crystallography is a versatile tool for the structural biochemists and is been exploited till today. The chemical methods of recent interests include molecular modeling and combinatorial designs. Bioinformatics has surged striking interests in protein structural analysis with the advent of innumerable tools. Furthermore, a literature platform of the structural elucidations so far investigated has been presented with detailed descriptions as applicable to microbial lipases. A case study of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has also been discussed which highlights important structural features also common to most lipases. A general profile of lipase has been vividly described with an overview of lipase research reviewed in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Geraldine Sandana Mala
- SANDANA FLORALS, Module-7, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, In SIPCOT-IT Park, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Siruseri, Navalur P.O., Kanchipuram District-603103, Tamilnadu, India
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40
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Talukder MMR, Tamalampudy S, Li CJ, Yanglin L, Wu J, Kondo A, Fukuda H. An improved method of lipase preparation incorporating both solvent treatment and immobilization onto matrix. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Pascal G, Médigue C, Danchin A. Persistent biases in the amino acid composition of prokaryotic proteins. Bioessays 2006; 28:726-38. [PMID: 16850406 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Correspondence analysis of 28 proteomes selected to span the entire realm of prokaryotes revealed universal biases in the proteins' amino acid distribution. Integral Inner Membrane Proteins always form an individual cluster, which can then be used to predict protein localisation in unknown proteomes, independently of the organism's biotope or kingdom. Orphan proteins are consistently rich in aromatic residues. Another bias is also ubiquitous: the amino acid composition is driven by the G + C content of the first codon position. An unexpected bias is driven, in many proteomes, by the AAN box of the genetic code, suggesting some functional biochemical relationship between asparagine and lysine. Less-significant biases are driven by the rare amino acids, cysteine and tryptophan. Some allow identification of species-specific functions or localisation such as surface or exported proteins. Errors in genome annotations are also revealed by correspondence analysis, making it useful for quality control and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Pascal
- Genoscope/CNRS UMR 8030, Atelier de Génomique Comparative, Evry, France
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42
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43
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Stobiecka A. Acrylamide-quenching of Rhizomucor miehei lipase. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 80:9-18. [PMID: 15963433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence-quenching measurements have been performed to study multitryptophan lipase from filamentous fungus Rhizomucor miehei. Using the steady-state acrylamide fluorescence quenching data and the fluorescence-quenching-resolved-spectra (FQRS) method, the total emission spectrum of native ("closed-lid") lipase has been decomposed into two distinct spectral components accessible to acrylamide. According to FQRS analysis, more quenchable component has a maximum of fluorescence emission at about 352 nm whereas less quenchable component emits at about 332 nm. The redder component participates in about 60-64% of the total lipase fluorescence and may be characterized by the dynamic and static quenching constants equal to K(1) = 3.75 M(-1) and V(1) = 1.12 M(-1), respectively. The bluer component is quenchable via dynamic mechanism with K(2) = 1.97 M(-1). Significant difference in the values of acrylamide bimolecular rate quenching constants estimated for redder and bluer component (i.e., k(q) = 1.2 x 10 (9) M(-1)s (-1) vs. k(q) = 4.3 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), respectively), suggests that tryptophan residues in fungal lipase are not uniformly exposed to the solvent.
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44
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Jutila A, Zhu K, Tuominen EKJ, Kinnunen PKJ. Fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of Humicola lanuginosa lipase dissolved in its substrate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1702:181-9. [PMID: 15488770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformational dynamics of Humicola lanuginosa lipases (HLL) and its three mutants were investigated by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in two different media, aqueous buffer and the substrate triacetin. The fluorescence of the four Trps of the wild-type HLL (wt) reports on the global changes of the whole lipase molecule. In order to monitor conformational changes specifically in the alpha-helical surface loop, the so-called 'lid' of HLL comprised of residues 86-93, the single Trp mutant W89m (W117F, W221H, W260H) was employed. Mutants W89L and W89mN33Q (W117F, W221H, W260H, N33Q) were used to survey the impact of Trp89 and mannose residues, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn. (i) HLL adapts the 'open' conformation in triacetin, with the alpha-helical surface loop moving so as to expose the active site. (ii) Trp89 contained in the lid plays an unprecedently important role in the structural stability of HLL. (iii) In triacetin, but not in the buffer, the motion of the Trp89 side chain becomes distinguishable from the motion of the lid. (iv) The carbohydrate moiety at Asn33 has only minor effects on the dynamics of Trp89 in the lid as judged from the fluorescence characteristics of the latter residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arimatti Jutila
- Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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45
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Sharma R, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Production, purification, characterization, and applications of lipases. Biotechnol Adv 2004; 19:627-62. [PMID: 14550014 DOI: 10.1016/s0734-9750(01)00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids. Lipases occur widely in nature, but only microbial lipases are commercially significant. The many applications of lipases include speciality organic syntheses, hydrolysis of fats and oils, modification of fats, flavor enhancement in food processing, resolution of racemic mixtures, and chemical analyses. This article discusses the production, recovery, and use of microbial lipases. Issues of enzyme kinetics, thermostability, and bioactivity are addressed. Production of recombinant lipases is detailed. Immobilized preparations of lipases are discussed. In view of the increasing understanding of lipases and their many applications in high-value syntheses and as bulk enzymes, these enzymes are having an increasing impact on bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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46
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Effects of a fungal lipase on membrane organization evaluated by fluorescence polarization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Both high temperature and high hydrostatic pressure induce irreversible deactivation of enzymes. They enable the enzyme's thermodynamic parameters to be determined and are used to study the mechanisms involved in biochemical systems. The effect of these two factors on the stability of Rhizomucor miehei lipase have been investigated. The stability criterion used was residual hydrolytic activity of the lipase. Experimental and theoretical parameters, obtained by linear regression analysis, were compared with theoretical kinetics in order to validate the series-type inactivation model. The lipase of R. miehei was deactivated by either thermal or pressure treatment. Moreover conformational studies made by fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that the conformational changes induced by pressure were different from those induced by temperature. In addition they show that after thermal deactivation there were less intermolecular hydrogen bonded structures formed than was the case for deactivation by high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Noel
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre de Bioingénierie Gilbert Durand, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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48
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Acharya P, Rao NM. Stability studies on a lipase from Bacillus subtilis in guanidinium chloride. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:51-60. [PMID: 12739898 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023067827678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Bacillus subtilis is a "lidless" lipase that does not show interfacial activation. Due to exposure of the active site to solvent, the lipase tends to aggregate. We have investigated the solution properties and unfolding of the lipase in guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) to understand its aggregation behavior and stability. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), near- and far-UV circular dichroism, activity and intrinsic fluorescence of lipase suggest that the protein undergoes unfolding between 1 M and 2 M GdmCl. The polarity sensitive dye, 1,1',-bis-(4anilino)naphthalene-5,5"-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS), a probe for hydrophobic pockets, binds cooperatively to the native lipase. An intermediate populated in 1.75 M GdmCl that strongly binds bis-ANS was identified. Tendency of the native protein to aggregate in solution and specific binding to bis-ANS confirms that the lipase has exposed hydrophobic pockets and this surface hydrophobicity strongly influences the unfolding pathway of the lipase in GdmCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Acharya
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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49
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Söderlund T, Zhu K, Jutila A, Kinnunen PK. Effects of betaine on the structural dynamics of Thermomyces (Humicola) lanuginosa lipase. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(02)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Hedin EMK, Patkar SA, Vind J, Svendsen A, Hult K, Berglund P. Selective reduction and chemical modification of oxidized lipase cysteine mutants. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen single-cysteine mutants of the 33 kDa fungal triacylglycerol lipase Thermomyces (formerly Humicola) lanuginosa lipase (TLL, EC 3.1.1.3) were produced and characterized for the purpose of site-directed chemical modification with spectroscopic reporter groups. All cysteine mutants were found to be predominantly blocked by oxidation to disulfides with endogenous cysteine during production. The fraction of lipase molecules with free sulfhydryl groups was analyzed by labeling with N-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate, followed by a novel dot-blot method based on biotin-streptavidin interactions. A non-invasive method for the reduction of the introduced cysteine was elaborated for this protein containing three native disulfide bridges. The site-specifically reduced TLL mutants were then labeled with the sulfhydryl-specific reagents 2-(5-dimethylaminonaphth-1-ylsulfonamido)ethyl methanethiosulfonate or (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-Δ3-pyrroline-3-methyl) methanethiosulfonate, and studied by fluorescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.Key words: lipase, cysteine mutant, selective reduction, chemical modification, methanethiosulfonate.
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