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MacCready JS, Roggenkamp EM, Gdanetz K, Chilvers MI. Elucidating the Obligate Nature and Biological Capacity of an Invasive Fungal Corn Pathogen. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:411-424. [PMID: 36853195 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0213-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tar spot is a devasting corn disease caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Phyllachora maydis. Since its initial identification in the United States in 2015, P. maydis has become an increasing threat to corn production. Despite this, P. maydis has remained largely understudied at the molecular level, due to difficulties surrounding its obligate lifestyle. Here, we generated a significantly improved P. maydis nuclear and mitochondrial genome, using a combination of long- and short-read technologies, and also provide the first transcriptomic analysis of primary tar spot lesions. Our results show that P. maydis is deficient in inorganic nitrogen utilization, is likely heterothallic, and encodes for significantly more protein-coding genes, including secreted enzymes and effectors, than previous determined. Furthermore, our expression analysis suggests that, following primary tar spot lesion formation, P. maydis might reroute carbon flux away from DNA replication and cell division pathways and towards pathways previously implicated in having significant roles in pathogenicity, such as autophagy and secretion. Together, our results identified several highly expressed unique secreted factors that likely contribute to host recognition and subsequent infection, greatly increasing our knowledge of the biological capacity of P. maydis, which have much broader implications for mitigating tar spot of corn. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S MacCready
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Emily M Roggenkamp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Kristi Gdanetz
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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2
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Ruiz-Lara A, Fierro F, Carrasco U, Oria J, Tomasini A. Proteomic analysis of the response of Rhizopus oryzae ENHE to pentachlorophenol: Understanding the mechanisms for tolerance and degradation of this toxic compound. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Li C, Pang AP, Yang H, Lv R, Zhou Z, Wu FG, Lin F. Tracking localization and secretion of cellulase spatiotemporally and directly in living Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:200. [PMID: 31452681 PMCID: PMC6700804 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungi secret hydrolytic enzymes like cellulase and hemicellulase outside the cells, serving as important scavengers of plant biomass in nature and workhorses in the enzyme industry. Unlike the extensive study on the mechanism of cellulase production in fungi, research on spatiotemporal distribution and secretion of cellulase in fungi is lacking, retarding the deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the fungal cellulase production. RESULT Recombinant Trichoderma reesei strains RBGL, RCBH, and RCMC were successfully constructed from T. reesei RUT-C30, expressing red fluorescent protein DsRed-tagged versions of β-glucosidase (BGL), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and endoglucanase (CMC), respectively. With the assistance of these strains, we found that all three cellulase components BGL, CBH, and CMC diffused throughout the whole fungal mycelium with major accumulation at the hyphal apexes. These enzymes located in ER, Golgi, vacuoles and cell membrane/wall, but not septum, and secreted abundantly into the culture medium. Moreover, the major secretion of CBH and CMC started more early than that of BGL. Brefeldin A (BFA) completely blocked cellulase expression and secretion in T. reesei. CONCLUSION Based on recombinant T. reesei RBGL, RCBH, and RCMC expressing DsRed-fused versions of BGL, CBH, and CMC, respectively, the distribution and secretion of cellulase production in T. reesei were first visualized directly in a dynamic way, preliminarily mapping the location and secretion of T. reesei cellulase and providing evidence for revealing the secretion pathways of cellulase in T. reesei. The obtained results suggest that cellulase excretion majorly occurs via the conventional ER-Golgi secretory pathway, and might be assisted through unconventional protein secretion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Ai-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Roujing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 37 Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
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Sun X, Su X. Harnessing the knowledge of protein secretion for enhanced protein production in filamentous fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:54. [PMID: 30900052 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important microorganisms used in industrial production of proteins and enzymes. Among these organisms, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergilli, and more recently Myceliophthora thermophile are the most widely used and promising ones which have powerful protein secretion capability. In recent years, there have been tremendous achievements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the secretory pathways in filamentous fungi. The acquired pieces of knowledge can be harnessed to enhance protein production in filamentous fungi with assistance of state-of-the-art genetic engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Exocyst Complex Member EXOC5 Is Required for Survival of Hair Cells and Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Maintenance of Hearing. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6518-6532. [PMID: 29327200 PMCID: PMC6984595 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The exocyst, an octameric protein complex consisting of Exoc1 through Exoc8, was first determined to regulate exocytosis by targeting vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast to mice. In addition to this fundamental role, the exocyst complex has been implicated in other cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the role of the exocyst in cochlear development and hearing by targeting EXOC5, a central exocyst component. Deleting Exoc5 in the otic epithelium with widely used Cre lines resulted in early lethality. Thus, we generated two different inner ear-specific Exoc5 knockout models by crossing Gfi1Cre mice with Exoc5f/f mice for hair cell-specific deletion (Gfi1Cre/+;Exoc5f/f) and by in utero delivery of rAAV-iCre into the otocyst of embryonic day 12.5 for deletion throughout the otic epithelium (rAAV2/1-iCre;Exoc5f/f). Gfi1Cre/+;Exoc5f/f mice showed relatively normal hair cell morphology until postnatal day 20, after which hair cells underwent apoptosis accompanied by disorganization of stereociliary bundles, resulting in progressive hearing loss. rAAV2/1-iCre;Exoc5f/f mice exhibited abnormal neurite morphology, followed by apoptotic degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and hair cells, which led to profound and early-onset hearing loss. These results demonstrate that Exoc5 is essential for the normal development and survival of cochlear hair cells and SGNs, as well as the functional maintenance of hearing.
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The 14-3-3 Protein Homolog ArtA Regulates Development and Secondary Metabolism in the Opportunistic Plant Pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02241-17. [PMID: 29247055 PMCID: PMC5812931 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02241-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic plant-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus produces carcinogenic mycotoxins termed aflatoxins (AF). Aflatoxin contamination of agriculturally important crops, such as maize, peanut, sorghum, and tree nuts, is responsible for serious adverse health and economic impacts worldwide. In order to identify possible genetic targets to reduce AF contamination, we have characterized the artA gene, encoding a putative 14-3-3 homolog in A. flavus The artA deletion mutant presents a slight decrease in vegetative growth and alterations in morphological development and secondary metabolism. Specifically, artA affects conidiation, and this effect is influenced by the type of substrate and culture condition. In addition, normal levels of artA are required for sclerotial development. Importantly, artA negatively regulates AF production as well as the concomitant expression of genes in the AF gene cluster. An increase in AF is also observed in seeds infected with the A. flavus strain lacking artA Furthermore, the expression of other secondary metabolite genes is also artA dependent, including genes in the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and ustiloxin gene clusters, in this agriculturally important fungus.IMPORTANCE In the current study, artA, which encodes a 14-3-3 homolog, was characterized in the agriculturally and medically important fungus Aspergillus flavus, specifically, its possible role governing sporulation, formation of resistant structures, and secondary metabolism. The highly conserved artA is necessary for normal fungal morphogenesis in an environment-dependent manner, affecting the balance between production of conidiophores and the formation of resistant structures that are necessary for the dissemination and survival of this opportunistic pathogen. This study reports a 14-3-3 protein affecting secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi. Importantly, artA regulates the biosynthesis of the potent carcinogenic compound aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as well as the production of other secondary metabolites.
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Gao F, Hao Z, Sun X, Qin L, Zhao T, Liu W, Luo H, Yao B, Su X. A versatile system for fast screening and isolation of Trichoderma reesei cellulase hyperproducers based on DsRed and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:261. [PMID: 30258495 PMCID: PMC6151939 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the biofuel industry, cellulase plays an indispensable role in hydrolyzing cellulose into fermentable glucose. Trichoderma reesei is a popular filamentous fungus with prominent ability to produce cellulase. While classical mutagenesis and modern multiplex genome engineering are both effective ways to improve cellulase production, successful obtaining of strains with improved cellulase-producing ability requires screening a large number of strains, which is time-consuming and labor intensive. RESULTS Herein, we developed a versatile method coupling expression of the red fluorescence protein (DsRed) in T. reesei and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) of germinated spores. This method was first established by expressing DsRed intracellularly under the control of the major cellulase cbh1 promoter in T. reesei, which allowed us to rapidly isolate cellulase hyperproducers from T. reesei progenies transformed with a dedicated transcriptional activator ace3 and from an atmospheric and room temperature plasma-created mutant T. reesei library. Since intracellularly expressed DsRed was expected to isolate mutations mainly affecting cellulase transcription, this method was further improved by displaying DsRed on the T. reesei cell surface, enabling isolation of strains with beneficial genetic alterations (overexpressing hac1 and bip1) affecting regulatory stages beyond transcription. Using this method, T. reesei cellulase hyperproducers were also successfully isolated from an Agrobacterium-mediated random insertional mutant library. CONCLUSIONS The coupled DsRed-FACS high-throughput screening method proved to be an effective strategy for fast isolation of T. reesei cellulase hyperproducers and could also be applied in other industrially important filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Qin
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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8
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Kumar R. An account of fungal 14-3-3 proteins. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:206-217. [PMID: 28258766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3s are a group of relatively low molecular weight, acidic, dimeric, protein(s) conserved from single-celled yeast to multicellular vertebrates including humans. Despite lacking catalytic activity, these proteins have been shown to be involved in multiple cellular processes. Apart from their role in normal cellular physiology, recently these proteins have been implicated in various medical consequences. In this present review, fungal 14-3-3 protein localization, interactions, transcription, regulation, their role in the diverse cellular process including DNA duplication, cell cycle, protein trafficking or secretion, apoptosis, autophagy, cell viability under stress, gene expression, spindle positioning, role in carbon metabolism have been discussed. In the end, I also highlighted various roles of yeasts 14-3-3 proteins in tabular form. Thus this review with primary emphasis on yeast will help in appreciating the significance of 14-3-3 proteins in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
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9
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Liu Q, Li JG, Ying SH, Wang JJ, Sun WL, Tian CG, Feng MG. Unveiling equal importance of two 14-3-3 proteins for morphogenesis, conidiation, stress tolerance and virulence of an insect pathogen. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:1444-62. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Jin-Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Wen-Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Chao-Guang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
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10
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Effect of earlier unfolded protein response and efficient protein disposal system on cellulase production in Rut C30. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2587-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Saloheimo M, Pakula TM. The cargo and the transport system: secreted proteins and protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina). Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:46-57. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.053132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markku Saloheimo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Tiina M. Pakula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
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12
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Luster DG, McMahon MB, Carter ML, Fortis LL, Nuñez A. Proteomic analysis of germinating urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causal agent of Asian soybean rust. Proteomics 2010; 10:3549-57. [PMID: 20821732 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligate pathogen that causes Asian soybean rust. Asian soybean rust has an unusually broad host range and infects by direct penetration through the leaf cuticle. In order to understand the early events in the infection process, it is important to identify and characterize proteins in P. pachyrhizi. Germination of the urediniospore is the first stage in the infection process and represents a critical life stage applicable to studies with this obligate pathogen. We have applied a 2-DE and MS approach to identify 117 proteins from the National Center of Biotechnology Information nonredundant protein database and a custom database of Basidiomycota EST sequences. Proteins with roles in primary metabolism, energy transduction, stress, cellular regulation and signaling were identified in this study. This data set is accessible at http://world-2dpage.expasy.org/repository/database=0018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Luster
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, MD 21702, USA.
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13
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Mielnichuk N, Pérez-Martín J. 14-3-3 regulates the G2/M transition in the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:1206-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Demmel L, Beck M, Klose C, Schlaitz AL, Gloor Y, Hsu PP, Havlis J, Shevchenko A, Krause E, Kalaidzidis Y, Walch-Solimena C. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Pik1 is regulated by 14-3-3 proteins and coordinates Golgi function with cell growth. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1046-61. [PMID: 18172025 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Pik1p is essential for proliferation, and it controls Golgi homeostasis and transport of newly synthesized proteins from this compartment. At the Golgi, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate recruits multiple cytosolic effectors involved in formation of post-Golgi transport vesicles. A second pool of catalytically active Pik1p localizes to the nucleus. The physiological significance and regulation of this dual localization of the lipid kinase remains unknown. Here, we show that Pik1p binds to the redundant 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p. We provide evidence that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Pik1p involves phosphorylation and that 14-3-3 proteins bind Pik1p in the cytoplasm. Nutrient deprivation results in relocation of Pik1p from the Golgi to the nucleus and increases the amount of Pik1p-14-3-3 complex, a process reversed upon restored nutrient supply. These data suggest a role of Pik1p nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in coordination of biosynthetic transport from the Golgi with nutrient signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Demmel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany
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Wang T, Xue L, Ji X, Li J, Wang Y, Feng Y. Cloning and characterization of the 14-3-3 protein gene from the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 36:207-14. [PMID: 17972165 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that 14-3-3 proteins exist in all the eukaryotic organisms studied; however, studies on the 14-3-3 proteins have not been involved in the halotolerant, unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina so far. In the present study, a cDNA encoding 14-3-3 protein of D. salina was cloned and sequenced by PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technique based on homologous sequences of the 14-3-3 proteins found in other organisms. The cloned cDNA of 1485 bp in length had a 29.2 kDa of molecular weight and contained a 774 bp of open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 258 amino acids. Like the other 14-3-3 proteins, the deduced amino acid sequences of the D. salina 14-3-3 protein also contained two putative phosphorylation sites within the N-terminal region (positions 62 and 67). Furthermore, an EF hand motif characteristic for Ca(2+)-binding sites was located within the C-terminal part of this polypeptide (positions 208-219). Analysis of bioinformatics revealed that the 14-3-3 protein of D. salina shared homology with that of other organisms. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that expression of the 14-3-3 protein gene is cell cycle-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wang
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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16
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Molecular cloning of cDNAs for 14-3-3 and its protein interactions in a white-rot fungusPhanerochaete chrysosporium. ANN MICROBIOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
14-3-3 proteins affect the cell surface expression of several unrelated cargo membrane proteins, e.g., MHC II invariant chain, the two-pore potassium channels KCNK3 and KCNK9, and a number of different reporter proteins exposing Arg-based endoplasmic reticulum localization signals in mammalian and yeast cells. These multimeric membrane proteins have a common feature in that they all expose coatomer protein complex I (COPI)- and 14-3-3-binding motifs. 14-3-3 binding depends on phosphorylation of the membrane protein in some and on multimerization of the membrane protein in other cases. Evidence from mutant proteins that are unable to interact with either COPI or 14-3-3 and from yeast cells with an altered 14-3-3 content suggests that 14-3-3 proteins affect forward transport in the secretory pathway. Mechanistically, this could be explained by clamping, masking, or scaffolding. In the clamping mechanism, 14-3-3 binding alters the conformation of the signal-exposing tail of the membrane protein, whereas masking or scaffolding would abolish or allow the interaction of the membrane protein with other proteins or complexes. Interaction partners identified as putative 14-3-3 binding partners in affinity purification approaches constitute a pool of candidate proteins for downstream effectors, such as coat components, coat recruitment GTPases, Rab GTPases, GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mrowiec
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Ozeki-Miyawaki C, Moriya Y, Tatsumi H, Iida H, Sokabe M. Identification of functional domains of Mid1, a stretch-activated channel component, necessary for localization to the plasma membrane and Ca2+ permeation. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:84-95. [PMID: 16202999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 08/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MID1 gene product (Mid1) is a stretch-activated Ca(2+)-permeable channel component required for Ca2+ influx and the maintenance of viability of cells exposed to the mating pheromone, alpha-factor. It is composed of 548-amino-acid (aa) residues with four hydrophobic segments, H1 (aa 2-22), H2 (aa 92-111), H3 (aa 337-356) and H4 (aa 366-388). It also has 16 putative N-glycosylation sites. In this study, sequentially truncated Mid1 proteins conjugated with GFP were expressed in S. cerevisiae cells. The truncated protein containing the region from H1 to H3 (Mid1(1-360)-GFP) localized normally in the plasma and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and complemented the low viability and Ca(2+)-uptake activity of the mid1 mutant, whereas Mid1(1-133)-GFP containing the region from H1 to H2 did not. Mid1(Delta3-22)-GFP lacking the H1 region failed to localize in the plasma membrane. Membrane fractionation showed that Mid1(1-22)-GFP containing only H1 localized in the plasma membrane in the presence of alpha-factor, suggesting that H1 is a signal sequence responsible for the alpha-factor-induced Mid1 delivery to the plasma membrane. The region from H1 to H3 is required for the localization of Mid1 in the plasma and ER membranes. Finally, trafficking of Mid1-GFP to the plasma membrane was dependent on the N-glycosylation of Mid1 and the transporter protein Sec12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Ozeki-Miyawaki
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Paul AL, Sehnke PC, Ferl RJ. Isoform-specific subcellular localization among 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis seems to be driven by client interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:1735-43. [PMID: 15659648 PMCID: PMC1073656 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most higher eukaryotes, the predominantly phosphoprotein-binding 14-3-3 proteins are the products of a multigene family, with many organisms having 10 or more family members. However, current models for 14-3-3/phosphopeptide interactions suggest that there is little specificity among 14-3-3s for diverse phosphopeptide clients. Therefore, the existence of sequence diversity among 14-3-3s within a single organism begs questions regarding the in vivo specificities of the interactions between the various 14-3-3s and their clients. Chief among those questions is, Do the different 14-3-3 isoforms interact with different clients within the same cell? Although the members of the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family of proteins typically contain highly conserved regions of sequence, they also display distinctive variability with deep evolutionary roots. In the current study, a survey of several Arabidopsis 14-3-3/GFP fusions revealed that 14-3-3s demonstrate distinct and differential patterns of subcellular distribution, by using trichomes and stomate guard cells as in vivo experimental cellular contexts. The effects of client interaction on 14-3-3 localization were further analyzed by disrupting the partnering with peptide and chemical agents. Results indicate that 14-3-3 localization is both isoform specific and highly dependent upon interaction with cellular clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
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Diener SE, Dunn-Coleman N, Foreman P, Houfek TD, Teunissen PJM, van Solingen P, Dankmeyer L, Mitchell TK, Ward M, Dean RA. Characterization of the protein processing and secretion pathways in a comprehensive set of expressed sequence tags fromTrichoderma reesei. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 230:275-82. [PMID: 14757250 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is a filamentous fungus widely used as an efficient protein producer and known to secrete large quantities of biomass degrading enzymes. Much work has been done aimed at improving the secretion efficiency of this fungus. It is generally accepted that the major bottlenecks in secretion are protein folding and ornamentation steps in this pathway. In an attempt to identify genes involved in these steps, the 5' ends of 21888 cDNA clones were sequenced from which a unique set of over 5000 were also 3' sequenced. Using annotation tools Gene Ontology terms were assigned to 2732 of the sequences. Homologs to the majority of Aspergillus niger's Srg genes as well as a number of homologs to genes involved in protein folding and ornamentation pathways were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Diener
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Suite 1200, 840 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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