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Jiang Q, Hua H. Fertility in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer: a review. Oncologist 2024:oyae141. [PMID: 38906705 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the overall incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have declined, diagnosed cases of young-onset colorectal cancer have increased significantly. Concerns about future fertility are second only to concerns about survival and may significantly affect the quality of life of young cancer survivors. Fertility preservation is an important issue in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer undergoing oncotherapy. Here, we discussed the effects of different treatments on fertility, common options for fertility preservation, factors affecting fertility preservation and improvement measures, and the relationship between fertility and pregnancy outcomes in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Jiang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Hua
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hassan AA, Abdelgayed SS, Mansour SZ. Liver and ovarian toxicities boosted by bisphenol and gamma radiation in female albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271231219264. [PMID: 38263794 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231219264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a carbon-based synthetic polymer compound, was newly classified as an environmental toxicant and an endocrine-disrupting chemical leading to abnormalities in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration that contributes to cancer development and progression. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the elevation of γ- radiation dose and BPA on the liver and ovaries of female rats. In this study, eighty female albino rats (130-150 g) were used in this work. Rats in this experiment received BPA in ethanol (50 mg/kg b. wt.) for 30 days, day after day, and in the irradiated groups, animals were administered BPA and then exposed to γ- radiation in doses (2, 4, and 6 Gy) one shot dose. Several members of the cytochrome family were examined. Exposure to γ-radiation and BPA showed an increase in cytochrome P450 and b5 fold change. Further, BPA and γ-radiation activate α and β estrogen receptors and also downregulate aromatase (CYT19) fold change. The current results also revealed that BPA and/or γ-radiation regulate the protein expression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) appeared to be targeted by BPA and γ-radiation and its relative expression was elevated significantly by raising the γ-radiation dose. In conclusion, exposure to BPA, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, leads to marked toxicity. Additionally, toxicity is heightened by increasing the γ-radiation dose, either alone or in combination with BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Hassan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherein S Abdelgayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaya Z Mansour
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Wenxuan L, Liu L, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Wu Z, Deng W. Role of gonadally synthesized steroid hormones in the colorectal cancer microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1323826. [PMID: 38115900 PMCID: PMC10728810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the relationship between steroid hormones synthesized by the gonads and colorectal cancer as well as its tumor microenvironment, in the expectation of providing new ideas in order to detect and treat colorectal cancer. Methods Through reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad, we summarized that androgens promote the growth of colorectal cancer, and estrogens and progesterone help prevent bowel cancer from developing; these three hormones also have a relevant role in the cellular and other non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Conclusion The current literature suggests that androgens, estrogens, and progesterone are valuable in diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer, and that androgens promote the growth of colorectal cancer whereas estrogens and progesterone inhibit colorectal cancer, and that, in addition, the receptors associated with them are implicated in the modulation of a variety of cellular components of the microenvironment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wenxuan
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Ye X, Tan Y, Ma R, Lou P, Yuan Y. Radiation Therapy Changed the Second Malignancy Pattern in Rectal Cancer Survivors. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1463. [PMID: 37629753 PMCID: PMC10456705 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in the treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. It can bring radio exposure together with the survival benefit. Cancer survivors are generally at an increased risk for second malignancies, and survivors receiving RT may have higher risks than survivors not receiving RT. Whether the risk of an all-site second malignancy may increase after RT is still debated. This study aims to compare the second malignancy pattern in rectal cancer survivors after RT. Materials and Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used for analysis. In total, 49,961 rectal cancer patients (20-84 years of age) were identified between 2000 and 2012 from 18 SEER registries. All patients underwent surgery. The occurrence of second malignancies diagnosed after rectal cancer diagnosis was compared in patients who received and did not receive RT. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. SEER*Stat was used to generate the 95% CIs for the SIR statistics using the exact method. Results: Of the total 49,961 patients, 5582 developed second malignancies. For all-site second primary malignancies, the age-adjusted SIRs were 1.14 (95% CI 1.1-1.18) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.96-1.04) in the no RT and RT groups, respectively. In 23,192 patients from the surgery-only group, 2604 had second malignancies, and in 26,769 patients who received RT, 2978 developed second malignancies. With respect to every site, the risk of secondary prostate cancer was significantly lower in the RT group (SIR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.33-0.46) than that in the surgery-only group (SIR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.12). Moreover, the risk of thyroid cancer was significantly higher in the RT group (SIR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.2-3.51) than that in the surgery-only group (SIR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.99-1.66). Conclusions: RT may change the second malignancy pattern in rectal cancer survivors; the risk of prostate cancer decreased, and the risk of thyroid cancer increased most significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Pengrong Lou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Roychoudhury S, Das A, Panner Selvam MK, Chakraborty S, Slama P, Sikka SC, Kesari KK. Recent Publication Trends in Radiotherapy and Male Infertility over Two Decades: A Scientometric Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877079. [PMID: 35646894 PMCID: PMC9133602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy, a popular cancer management procedure, negatively impacts reproductive health particularly by reducing the fertility potential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trend in radiotherapy associated with male infertility over the past 20 years (2000-May 2021). SCOPUS database was used to retrieve relevant scientometric data (publication per year, affiliation, journals, countries, type of document and area of research) for different subgenres of radiotherapy and male infertility. A total of 275 articles were published related to radiotherapy and male infertility, with the United States being the most dominant country in research output in this field. Radiotherapy and male infertility research have shown positive growth over the last two decades. In-depth analysis revealed that publications (n) related to radiotherapy and male infertility research mainly focused its impact on semen parameters (n = 155) and fertility preservation techniques (n = 169). Our scientometric results highlight a limited research focus on the field of radiotherapy and its impact on male reproductive hormones. Furthermore, a significant lack of research was noticed in the area of omics and male reproductive organs linked to radiotherapy. Substantial research is warranted to further decipher the effect of radiotherapy, at molecular level, leading to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- *Correspondence: Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam,
| | - Anandan Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam,
| | | | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Suresh C. Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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6
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Horiguchi Y, Tsukuda F, Ogata A, Hagiwara K, Sakamoto N, Hama Y, Koga S. The Long-Term Effect of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer on Testosterone Levels. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:100851. [PMID: 35647399 PMCID: PMC9133400 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Concern about a long-term effect of the delivery of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer on serum testosterone levels remains unelucidated. We evaluated how IMRT for localized prostate cancer affects serum testosterone levels during a follow-up period of up to 10 years. Methods and Materials We retrospectively evaluated data from 182 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent definitive IMRT alone between 2007 and 2014. Serum total testosterone (TT) levels were measured by blood draws between 6 AM and 11 AM before treatment and at every posttreatment follow-up for 10 years. Pretreatment values and each posttreatment testosterone value were compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. The data set was stratified into 4 groups based on the pretreatment testosterone (pre-TT) values using quartiles. Results The median absolute or relative changes in TT levels from pretreatment were –0.42 ng/mL or –12.0% at 3 months after radiation therapy (P < .0001). Subsequently, TT levels gradually recovered to nearly the pretreatment levels 24 to 36 months after IMRT. When analyzed according to the pre-TT quartile, median TT levels initially decreased at the 3- to 12-month period in all the quartiles; however, median TT levels increased from the 18-month period in the first and second quartile groups, whereas they were maintained at less than the pretreatment levels in the third and the fourth quartile groups throughout the entire decade after radiation therapy. The proportion of patients with hypogonadal status, defined as TT levels <3.00 ng/mL, did not increase over time. Conclusions A transient and modest decrease of TT levels after IMRT spontaneously recovered to the pretreatment levels at the 24- to 36-month period except in patients in the higher quartile of pre-TT. This might have been partly owing to a variable sensitivity of individual testicular function to scattered radiation. Patients with lower pre-TT did not demonstrate a progressive overall rate of hypogonadism until 10 years after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Horiguchi
- Department of Urology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Yutaka Horiguchi, MD
| | - Fumio Tsukuda
- Department of Urology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Ogata
- Department of Urology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukihiro Hama
- Department of Radiology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Koga
- Department of Urology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Holowatyj AN, Eng C, Lewis MA. Incorporating Reproductive Health in the Clinical Management of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:169-172. [PMID: 34554830 PMCID: PMC8932489 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,Andreana N. Holowatyj, PhD, MSCI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 334-G, Nashville, TN 37203; e-mail:
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
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Semaida AI, El-Khashab MA, Saber AA, Hassan AI, Elfouly SA. Effects of Sargassum virgatum extracts on the testicular measurements, genomic DNA and antioxidant enzymes in irradiated rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:191-204. [PMID: 34694945 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily responsible for the development of male infertility after exposure to γ-irradiation. The present work aimed to assess the ameliorative and therapeutic roles of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the edible seaweed Sargassum virgatum (S. virgatum) on spermatogenesis and infertility in γ-irradiated Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induction of infertility was performed by exposing the rats to 137Cs-gamma rays, using a single dose of 3.5 Gy. γ-irradiated rats were given the S. virgatum ethanolic (S. virgatum-EtOH) and aqueous extracts intraperitoneally on a daily base for two consecutive weeks at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) for each seaweed extract. Morphometric data of the testes, semen quality indices, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation were assessed. The results obtained were taken during two-time intervals of 15 and 60 days from the commencement of the algal treatments. In vitro antioxidant assays and polyphenolic compounds of S. virgatum were characterized. RESULTS Significant negative changes in the semen quality and morphometric data of the testes, as well as remarkable DNA fragmentation, were detected in the irradiated rats compared to the control. The levels of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) were also significantly diminished. Nonetheless, treatments of γ-irradiated rats with the S. virgatum-EtOH and aqueous extracts significantly improved the above-mentioned enzymes, in addition to noteworthy amendments in the dimensions of the testes, the semen quality, as well as the DNA structure. CONCLUSIONS The ameliorative potency of S. virgatum to cure γ-irradiation-induced male infertility, particularly 400 mg/kg ethanolic extract for 60 days, is the result of the consistent therapeutic interventions of its potent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic polyphenols, particularly protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, rosmarinic, chlorogenic, cinnamic and gentisic acids, as well as the flavonoids catechin, hesperidin, rutin and quercetin. Besides its high-value nutraceutical importance, S. virgatum could be a natural candidate for developing well-accepted radioprotectant products capable of treating γ-irradiation-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Semaida
- Department of Animal Production (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Khashab
- Department of Animal Production (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Saber
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady A Elfouly
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Rosenbrock J, Vásquez-Torres A, Mueller H, Behringer K, Zerth M, Celik E, Fan J, Trommer M, Linde P, Fuchs M, Borchmann P, Engert A, Marnitz S, Baues C. Involved Site Radiotherapy Extends Time to Premature Menopause in Infra-Diaphragmatic Female Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients - An Analysis of GHSG HD14- and HD17-Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658358. [PMID: 34113567 PMCID: PMC8185193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Consolidation radiotherapy in intermediate stage Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) has been the standard of care for many years as involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) after chemotherapy. It included initially involved region(s). Based on randomized studies, radiation volumes could be reduced and involved site radiation therapy (ISRT) became the new standard. ISRT includes the initially affected lymph nodes. In young adults suffering from HL, infertility and hypogonadism are major concerns. With regard to these questions, we analyzed the influence of modern radiotherapy concepts such as consolidating ISRT in infradiaphragmatic involvement of HL after polychemotherapy. Patients and Methods Five hundred twelve patients treated within German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD14 and HD17 trials were evaluated. We analyzed log-adjusted follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH)- and luteinizing-hormone (LH)-levels of HD14-patients with infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (IDRT) in comparison with HD14-patients, who had a supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (SDRT). In a second step, we compared IFRT with ISRT of female HD17 patients regarding the effects on ovarian function and premature menopause. Results We analyzed FSH- and LH-levels of 258 female and 241 male patients, all treated with IFRT. Of these 499 patients, 478 patients had SDRT and 21 patients had IDRT. In a multiple regression model, we could show that log-adjusted FSH (p=0.0006) and LH values (p=0.0127) were significantly higher after IDRT than after SDRT. The effect of IDRT on gonadal function was comparable to two cycles of escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPPesc). We compared the effect of IFRT with ISRT in thirteen female HD17 patients with infradiaphragmatic (ID) involvement. The mean ovarian dose after ISRT was significantly lower than after IFRT. The calculated proportion of surviving non-growing follicles (NGFs) increased significantly from 11.87% to 24.48% in ISRT compared to IFRT, resulting in a significantly longer calculated time to menopause. The younger the age at therapy, the greater the absolute time gain until menopause. Conclusion Infradiaphragmatic IFRT impairs gonadal function to a similar extent as two cycles of BEACOPPesc. In comparison, the use of ISRT target volume definition significantly reduced radiation dose to the ovaries and significantly extends the time interval from treatment to premature menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rosenbrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrés Vásquez-Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Horst Mueller
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolin Behringer
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Zerth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eren Celik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Trommer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Linde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Marnitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radiation Therapy Reference Center of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Mortezaee K, Motallebzadeh E, Milajerdi A, Farhood B, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy on Testosterone Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:636-642. [PMID: 31994469 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200128112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, a systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of prostate cancer radiotherapy on testosterone levels of patients. METHODS To illuminate the effect of radiotherapy on the testosterone level of prostate cancer patients, a systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline in electronic databases of Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and clinical trials up to December 2018 using relevant keywords. Based on a certain set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 eligible studies that had data on the testosterone level following prostate cancer radiotherapy were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS According to the various techniques of prostate cancer radiotherapy, the dose values scattered to the testicular tissues ranged from 0.31 to 10 Gy. Combining the findings from 12 studies, it was found that prostate cancer radiotherapy leads to a significant reduction in the testosterone level (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]: -51.38 ng/dL, 95% CI: -75.86, -26.90, I2=0.0%, P<0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analysis by the patient number showed a significant reduction in the testosterone level at patient number < 50 (WMD: -80.32 ng/dL, 95% CI: -125.10, -35.55, I2= 0.0%) and 50 < patient number < 100 (WMD: -46.99 ng/dL, 95% CI: - 87.15, -6.82, I2= 0.0%). Subgroup analysis based on treatment technique type revealed a significant reduction in testosterone level after conventional radiotherapy (WMD: -56.67, 95% CI: -100.45,-12.88, I2= 34.3%) and IMRT/SBRT technique (WMD: -57.42, 95% CI: -99.39, -15.46, I2= 0.0%) in comparison with the proton therapy (WMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -80.24, 80.24). CONCLUSION The findings showed a significant decrease in the testosterone level of prostate cancer patients after radiotherapy compared with pre-treatment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Motallebzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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de la Motte L, Custovic S, Tapper J, Arver S, Martling A, Buchli C. Effect of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer on spermatogenesis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:750-753. [PMID: 33793750 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer was found to result in a dose-dependent impairment of spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function, reflected both by decreased sperm count and characteristic changes in hormonal response, with signs of partial recovery between 12 and 24 months after surgery. Decreased semen volume was also observed, indicating ejaculatory tract dysfunction, that seemed to be longer-lasting and not related to testicular dose. This threatens fertility in men treated for rectal cancer, and suggests that pretreatment cryopreservation and anticonception after treatment should be discussed individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de la Motte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Custovic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Tapper
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Arver
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Wallington DG, Holliday EB. Preparing Patients for Sexual Dysfunction After Radiation for Anorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review. Pract Radiat Oncol 2020; 11:193-201. [PMID: 32777386 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Successful multimodality treatment of anorectal cancers has led to increased numbers of survivors who experience permanent, life-changing side effects of treatment. Little is known about sexual dysfunction (SD) in this population. The etiology of SD after anorectal cancer treatment is complex and multifactorial. However, pelvic radiation plays a significant negative role in anatomic, hormonal, and physiological aspects of sexual function. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Information was organized by key concepts useful for patient education, including (1) rates of SD after pelvic radiation for rectal cancer, (2) rates of SD after pelvic radiation for anal cancer, (3) mechanisms of SD and methods to reduce rates of SD, and (4) issues and opportunities related to patient education and discussion of SD after pelvic radiation. RESULTS SD after pelvic radiation for anorectal cancers is common in both men and women. Higher radiation doses may increase the risk for vaginal stenosis; however, it is unclear whether there are similar dose-volume relationships for men. Vaginal dilators and advanced radiation techniques can reduce the radiation dose to sexual organs at risk. Improvement is needed regarding counseling and education of patients about SD. CONCLUSIONS This review provides information from previously published studies that clinicians may use in their discussions with patients embarking on pelvic radiation for anorectal cancers. More modern, standardized, and complete data are needed to quantify the risk of SD after treatment. Some methods of sexual toxicity reduction have been studied, but further study into interventions aimed at treating postradiation sexual function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Wallington
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emma B Holliday
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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13
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Onal C, Bozca R, Dolek Y, Guler OC, Arslan G. Incidental testicular doses during volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients. Radiol Med 2020; 125:777-783. [PMID: 32125635 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the incidental testicular doses during volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in patients receiving prostate-only and pelvic lymphatic irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testicular doses in 40 intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients were determined on treatment planning system (TPS) using the VMAT technique at 6 MV. Scattered testicular doses were also measured by MOSFET detectors placed on testis surface. The testicular doses of patients treated with prostate-only and pelvic field irradiation were compared. RESULTS The median testicular doses measured per 200 cGy fraction by TPS and MOSFET detectors were 1.7 cGy (0.7-4.1 cGy) and 4.8 cGy (3.6-8.8 cGy), respectively. The TPS doses and MOSFET readings showed a significant strong correlation (Pearson r = 0.848, p < 0.001). The testicular doses measured by TPS (1.34 ± 0.36 cGy vs. 2.60 ± 0.95 cGy; p < 0.001) and MOSFET (4.52 ± 0.64 cGy vs. 6.56 ± 1.23 cGy; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with prostate-only irradiation than in those with pelvic field irradiation. The mean cumulative scattered dose for prostate-only field delivering 78 Gy was 1.8 Gy and that for pelvic field irradiation was 2.6 Gy, consistent with the reported findings. CONCLUSIONS The patients with prostate-only irradiation received lower testicular doses than those with additional pelvic field irradiation possibly due to the increased scattered doses in large field irradiation using the VMAT technique. The clinical response to increased incidental testicular doses due to pelvic field irradiation remains unknown, and it warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Onal
- Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 01120, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Recep Bozca
- Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 01120, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yemliha Dolek
- Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 01120, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozan Cem Guler
- Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 01120, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gungor Arslan
- Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 01120, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Attalla K, Sagalovich D, Marqueen KE, Sfakianos JP, Tewari AK, Badani KK, Stock RG, Stone NN. Prolonged hormonal therapy and external beam radiation independently increase the risk of Persistent Hypogonadism in men treated with prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2020; 19:210-215. [PMID: 31959519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify variables that predict persistent hypogonadism and castration in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with brachytherapy (BT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 1,053 patients receiving BT ± external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) ± hormone therapy (HT) for NCCN low, intermediate, or high-risk PCa between 1990 and 2011. Patients were categorized as not receiving HT (n = 438, 41.6%), ≤6 months (n = 317, 31.1%) or > 6 months (n = 298, 28.3%) of HT. 572 (54.3%) received BT alone, and 481 had combination therapy. The five- and 10-year freedom from persistent hypogonadism (T < 280 ng/dL) and castration (T < 50 ng/dL) for each group was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Multivariable cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of persistent hypogonadism and castration at a median followup of 6.5 years (posttreatment to final T) (IQR: 4.3-9.1 years; range: 1.0-19.2 years). RESULTS The 5-year freedom from hypogonadism rates were 92.4%, 88.9%, and 87.0% for patients with no HT, ≤ 6 months and >6 months of HT, respectively (10-year rates: 66.7%, 55.3%, 40.5%); p < 0.01. The 5-year freedom from castration rates were 99.2%, 98.0%, and 98.4%, respectively (10-year rates: 97.9%, 95.5%, 90.9%); p = 0.078. Number of months of HT (HR = 1.04, p = 0.030) and BT with EBRT vs. BT alone (HR = 1.56, p = 0.010) significantly increased the risk of persistent hypogonadism. Number of months of HT was the only variable which increased the risk of persistent castration (HR = 1.09, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The addition of EBRT to BT is an independent risk factor for persistent hypogonadism. Prolonged HT additionally increases the risk of persistent hypogonadism and castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrollis Attalla
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Sagalovich
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kathryn E Marqueen
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ketan K Badani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Richard G Stock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nelson N Stone
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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15
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Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Haghi-Aminjan H, Khanlarkhani N, Salehi E, Nashtaei MS, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. A systematic review of radiation-induced testicular toxicities following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14828-14837. [PMID: 30740683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men in the world, and radiotherapy is used as a standard treatment modality for this cancer. Although this treatment modality effectively kills prostate cancerous cells, it unavoidably irradiates the organs/tissues that are away from the treatment site. In this regard, radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy can affect sexual function, reproduction, and quality of life in cancer survivors. This review summarizes the available data on testicular exposure to radiation during prostate radiotherapy and the consequences on testicular function. METHODS To illuminate the radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy, a systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinical trials electronic databases up to September 2018. According to a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles providing data on testicular function following radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS According to the different radiotherapeutic techniques used for prostate cancer treatment, the total tumor dose and scattered testicular dose values were ranging from 36.25 to 78.00 Gy and 0.06 to 6.48 Gy, respectively. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly higher in comparison with the pretreatment levels. Around 60% of the studies showed that testosterone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction (ED), as an adverse side effect resulting from prostate radiotherapy, was reported and this complication is significantly correlated with lower satisfaction with sexual life. Testicular atrophy following prostate radiotherapy has also been observed and its frequency in patients with prior prostate radiotherapy is 2.5 times more than that in the patients without prior radiotherapy. CONCLUSION The data revealed that the scattered dose to testicular tissues during prostate radiotherapy can lead to testicular atrophy, variation of the male sex hormones, and quality of sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infertility Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Tapper J, Arver S, Holm T, Bottai M, Machado M, Jasuja R, Martling A, Buchli C. Acute primary testicular failure due to radiotherapy increases risk of severe postoperative adverse events in rectal cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 46:98-104. [PMID: 31350073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to analyze postoperative adverse events (AE) in relation to acute primary testicular failure after radiotherapy (RT) for rectal cancer. METHOD This relation was assessed in 104 men, included in a previous prospective cohort study of men treated with surgical resection of the rectum for rectal cancer stage I-III. Postoperative AE were graded according to Clavien-Dindo (2004). Grade 3 or more was set as cut-off for severe postoperative AE. The impact of primary testicular failure on postoperative AE was related to the cumulative mean testicular dose (TD) and the change in Testosterone (T) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) sampled at baseline and after RT. RESULTS Twenty-six study participants (25%) had severe postoperative AE. Baseline characteristics and endocrine testicular function did not differ significantly between groups with (AE+) and without severe postoperative AE (AE-). After RT, the LH/T-ratio was higher in AE+, 0.603 (0.2-2.5) vs 0.452 (0.127-5.926) (p = 0.035). The longitudinal regression analysis showed that preoperative change in T (OR 0.844, 95% CI 0.720-0.990, p = 0.034), LH/T-ratio (OR 2.020, 95% CI 1.010-4.039, p = 0.047) and low T (<8 nmol/L, OR 2.605, 95 CI 0.951-7.139, p = 0.063) were related to severe postoperative AE. CONCLUSION Preoperative decline in T due to primary testicular failure induced by preoperative RT could be a risk factor regarding short-term outcome of surgery in men with rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tapper
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Arver
- Department of Medicine/Huddinge Karolinska Institutet and ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Holm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ravi Jasuja
- Function Promoting Therapies, Waltham, MA, USA; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Taniguchi H, Kawakita S, Kinoshita H, Murota T, Matsuda T. Testosterone Profiles After Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2019; 126:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Haddad P, Karimi-Moghaddam Z, Esfahani M, Afkhami M, Farhan F, Amouzegar-Hashemi F. Thermoluminescence dosimetry of the dose received by scrotum and testes in radiotherapy of rectal cancer, compared to the point doses calculated by 3D-planning software. Phys Med 2018; 45:143-145. [PMID: 29472079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation received by the testes in the course of radiotherapy for rectal cancer may cause oligospermia and azospermia. We sought to determine the dose to the scrotum and testes with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), and compare it to the dose calculated by 3D planning software. METHODS The TLDs were fixed to the scrotum in six points anteriorly and posteriorly in two fractions of radiotherapy. All patients received a 50-50.4 Gy total dose in prone position with 3D-planning. The average dose of TLD measurements was compared to the average of 6 relevant point doses calculated by the planning software. RESULTS The mean scrotal dose of radiation in 33 patients as measured by TLD was 3.77 Gy (7.5% of the total prescribed dose), and the mean of point doses calculated by the planning software was 4.11 Gy (8.1% of the total dose), with no significant difference. A significant relationship was seen between the position of the inferior edge of the fields and the mean scrotal dose (P = .04). Also body mass index (BMI) was inversely related with the scrotal dose (P = .049). CONCLUSION We found a dose of about 4 Gy received by the scrotum and testes from a total prescribed dose of 50 Gy in the radiotherapy of rectal carcinoma patients, with TLD measurements confirming testicular dose estimations by the planning software. This dose could be significantly harmful for spermatogenesis. Thus careful attention to the testicular dose in radiotherapy of rectal cancer for men desiring continued fertility is a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Karimi-Moghaddam
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbod Esfahani
- Radiation Physics Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Afkhami
- Radiation Physics Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Farhan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Amouzegar-Hashemi
- Radiation Oncology Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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20
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Pompe RS, Karakiewicz PI, Zaffuto E, Smith A, Bandini M, Marchioni M, Tian Z, Leyh-Bannurah SR, Schiffmann J, Delouya G, Lambert C, Bahary JP, Beauchemin MC, Barkati M, Ménard C, Graefen M, Saad F, Tilki D, Taussky D. External Beam Radiotherapy Affects Serum Testosterone in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer. J Sex Med 2017; 14:876-882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Røhrl K, Guren MG, Miaskowski C, Cooper BA, Diep LM, Rustøen T. No Differences in Symptom Burden Between Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Curative Versus Palliative Chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 52:539-547. [PMID: 27470003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Patients with CRC may have multiple cooccurring symptoms as a result of their disease or its treatment. Little is known about potential differences in symptom burden in CRC patients scheduled to receive curative versus palliative chemotherapy (CTX). OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to investigate the overall symptom burden of patients with CRC before their first CTX treatment or before the initiation of a new CTX regimen and to evaluate for differences in symptom occurrence, severity, and distress between patients with CRC who were scheduled to receive curative versus palliative CTX. METHODS Consecutive patients with CRC were recruited (n = 120), and symptoms were assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale before the initiation of the CTX. The most common symptoms that occurred in ≥30% of the patients were evaluated. Differences in occurrence rates and severity and distress scores between the curative (n = 68) and palliative (n = 52) patient groups were evaluated using binary logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS In both groups, patients reported an average of 10 cooccurring symptoms. Worrying (65%), lack of energy (59%), feeling drowsy (54%), feeling bloated (53%), pain (51%), and difficulty sleeping (50%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Problems with sexual interest had the highest severity and distress scores in both groups. For the 13 most common symptoms, no significant differences were found between the two patient groups on any of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale dimensions (i.e., occurrence, severity, distress). CONCLUSION Regardless of the reason for CTX, CRC patients experience a large number of cooccurring symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Røhrl
- Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marianne Grønlie Guren
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lien My Diep
- Department for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Rustøen
- Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Bariatric Radioembolization: A Pilot Study on Technical Feasibility and Safety in a Porcine Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:1509-17. [PMID: 27492867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate feasibility of left gastric artery (LGA) yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization as potential treatment for obesity in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 8 young female pigs (12-13 weeks, 21.8-28.1 kg). Six animals received infusions of (90)Y resin microspheres (46.3-105.1 MBq) into the main LGA and the gastric artery arising from the splenic artery. Animal weight and serum ghrelin were measured before treatment and weekly thereafter. Animals were euthanized 69-74 days after treatment, and histologic analyses of mucosal integrity and ghrelin immunoreactive cell density were performed. RESULTS Superficial mucosal ulcerations < 3.0 cm(2) were noted in 5 of 6 treated animals. Ghrelin immunoreactive cell density was significantly lower in treated versus untreated animals in the stomach fundus (13.5 vs 34.8, P < .05) and stomach body (11.2 vs 19.8, P < .05). Treated animals gained less weight than untreated animals over the study duration (40.2 kg ± 5.4 vs 54.7 kg ± 6.5, P = .053). Average fundic parietal area (165 cm(2) vs 282 cm(2), P = .067) and average stomach weight (297.2 g vs 397.0 g, P = .067) were decreased in treated versus untreated animals. Trichrome staining revealed significantly more fibrosis in treatment animals compared with control animals (13.0 vs 8.6, P < .05). No significant differences were identified in plasma ghrelin concentrations (P = .24). CONCLUSIONS LGA (90)Y radioembolization is promising as a potential treatment for obesity. A larger preclinical study is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this procedure further.
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Onal C, Arslan G, Dolek Y, Efe E. Dosimetric analysis of testicular doses in prostate intensity-modulated and volumetric-modulated arc radiation therapy at different energy levels. Med Dosim 2016; 41:310-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Buchli C, Al Abani M, Ahlberg M, Holm T, Fokstuen T, Bottai M, Frödin JE, Lax I, Martling A. Assessment of testicular dose during preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Acta Oncol 2015; 55:496-501. [PMID: 26362484 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1073349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) for rectal cancer can have adverse effects on testicular function resulting in azoospermia and low testosterone levels. Variability of testicular dose (TD) due to differences in position of testes has been assessed with scrotal dosimeters and resulted in substantial variability of delivered TD. The aim of this study was to estimate planned and delivered TD using a treatment planning system (TPS). METHODS In 101 men treated with RT for rectal cancer the cumulative mean TD (mTD) was calculated by TPS based on plan-computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the effect of different predictors on planned TD. The delivered TD was estimated by TPS based on repeated cone-beam CTs in 32 of 101 men to assess within-person variability of planned and delivered TD in a longitudinal analysis. RESULTS The median planned mTD for short course RT was 0.57 Gy (range 0.06-14.37 Gy) and 0.81 Gy (range 0.36-10.80 Gy) for long course RT. The median planned mTD was similar to the median delivered mTD in the 32 men analysed over the entire course of RT (p=0.84). The mTD did not change significantly over time of planning and delivering RT. The variation in proximity between testes and planning target volume (PTV) was related to within-person variability of mTD in men on the 50th and 75th percentile of mTD and as expected the absolute difference between planned and delivered mTD increased with higher mTD. CONCLUSION Testicular doses calculated based on plan-CT are an accurate estimation of delivered TD based on repeated cone beam (CB)CT. The within-person variability of TD is related to variation in proximity between testes and PTV in men with moderate to high TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Al Abani
- Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madelene Ahlberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Holm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tone Fokstuen
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Jan-Erik Frödin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Lax
- Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Buchli C, Tapper J, Bottai M, Holm T, Arver S, Blomqvist L, Martling A. Testosterone and Body Composition in Men after Treatment for Rectal Cancer. J Sex Med 2015; 12:774-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Markovina S, Weschenfelder DC, Gay H, McCandless A, Carey B, DeWees T, Knutson N, Michalski J. Low incidence of new biochemical hypogonadism after intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2014; 4:430-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sprauten M, Brydøy M, Haugnes HS, Cvancarova M, Bjøro T, Bjerner J, Fosså SD, Oldenburg J. Longitudinal Serum Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels in a Population-Based Sample of Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:571-8. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess longitudinal long-term alterations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). Patients and Methods In all, 307 TCSs treated from 1980 to 1994 provided blood samples after orchiectomy but before further treatment, at Survey I (SI; 1998-2002), and Survey II (SII; 2007-2008). Levels of sex hormones were categorized according to quartiles and reference range (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) of 599 controls for each decadal age group. TCSs were categorized according to treatment: surgery, radiotherapy (RT), or chemotherapy (CT). The risk of higher (LH) or lower (testosterone) levels was assessed with χ2 test (FSH) or ordinal logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results Risk of lower testosterone and higher LH and FSH levels was significantly increased for TCSs at all time points after RT or CT. At SII, ORs were 3.3 (95% CI, 2.3 to 4.7) for lower testosterone categories and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.5 to 7.9) for RT and CT. ORs for increased LH and FSH were 4.4 (95% CI, 3.1 to 6.5) and 18.9 (95% CI, 11.0 to 32.6) for RT, respectively, and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.4 to 5.3) and 14.2 (95% CI, 8.3 to 24.4) for CT, respectively. The cumulative platinum dose was significantly associated with risk of higher LH levels at both surveys and higher FSH at SI. In total, half the TCSs had at least one of three sex hormone levels outside the reference range at SII. Conclusion Long-term TCSs are at risk of premature hormonal aging. Our findings may pertain to cancer survivors in general, underlining the importance of extended follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sprauten
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hege S. Haugnes
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Bjøro
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Bjerner
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fosså
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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131I-tositumomab myeloablative radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: radiation dose to the testes. Nucl Med Commun 2013; 33:1225-31. [PMID: 22955187 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328358d34b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate radiation doses to the testes delivered by a radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody and its effects on male sex hormone levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testicular uptake and retention of (131)I-tositumomab were measured, and testicular absorbed doses were calculated for 67 male patients (54 ± 11 years of age) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had undergone myeloablative radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using (131)I-tositumomab. Time-activity curves for the major organs, testes, and whole body were generated from planar imaging studies. In a subset of patients, male sex hormones were measured before and 1 year after the therapy. RESULTS The absorbed dose to the testes showed considerable variability (range = 4.4-70.2 Gy). Pretherapy levels of total testosterone were below the lower limit of the reference range, and post-therapy evaluation demonstrated further reduction [4.6 ± 1.8 nmol/l (pre-RIT) vs. 3.8 ± 2.9 nmol/l (post-RIT), P<0.05]. Patients receiving higher radiation doses to the testes (≥ 25 Gy) showed a greater reduction [4.7 ± 1.6 nmol/l (pre-RIT) vs. 3.3 ± 2.7 nmol/l (post-RIT), P<0.05] compared with patients receiving lower doses (<25 Gy), who showed no significant change in total testosterone levels. CONCLUSION The testicular radiation absorbed dose varied highly among individual patients. Patients receiving higher doses to the testes were more likely to show post-RIT suppression of testosterone levels.
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Hennies S, Wolff H, Jung K, Rave-Fränk M, Gaedcke J, Ghadimi M, Hess C, Becker H, Hermann R, Christiansen H. Testicular radiation dose after multimodal curative therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:926-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Deng J, Chen Z, Yu JB, Roberts KB, Peschel RE, Nath R. Testicular Doses in Image-Guided Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 82:e39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Buchli C, Martling A, Arver S, Holm T. Testicular Function after Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer—A Review. J Sex Med 2011; 8:3220-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Different irradiation machines and their effects on testes’ exposure levels and sex hormones profile in patients with rectal cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396909990331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: Complications of pelvic irradiation for rectal cancer have gained more attention because of increased survival of patients. The aim of this study was to compare testes doses when pelvis is irradiated using Cobalt 60 (Co60) for rectal cancer in comparison with linear accelerator (LINAC) and its effect on sex hormones levels.Materials and Methods: In a cohort study, 28 rectal cancer patients that were candidate to receive pelvic radiotherapy were recruited in the study consecutively. They were sequentially assigned to receive radiotherapy using Co60 teletherapy or LINAC. Serum sex hormones levels were measured before and 3–6 weeks after irradiation. Testes absorption doses were measured three times during whole course of irradiation in nine patients.Results: Testes doses in LINAC group were significantly lower than Co60 group (p < 0.001). Serum follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH ) levels increased after irradiation in both groups and there was not a significant relation between FSH and LH levels with treatment machine (p < 0.2 and p < 0.6, respectively). Serum testosterone level decreased significantly in Co60 group (p < 0.05) but not in LINAC group (p < 0.3).Discussion: It seems using LINAC for pelvic irradiation in patient with rectal cancer cannot prevent hormonal changes and we suggest using extra shield to decrease testes doses below the toxic levels.
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King CR, Kapp DS. To Treat Pelvic Nodes or Not: Could the Greater Testicular Scatter Dose From Whole Pelvic Fields Confound Results of Prostate Cancer Trials? J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:6076-8. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel S. Kapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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King CR, Maxim PG, Hsu A, Kapp DS. Incidental testicular irradiation from prostate IMRT: it all adds up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 77:484-9. [PMID: 19733013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the technical aspects of image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer that could result in a clinically meaningful incidental dose to the testes. METHODS AND MATERIALS We examined three sources that contribute incidental dose to the testes, namely, from internal photon scattering from IMRT small field and large pelvic nodal fields with 6 or 15 MV, from neutrons when >10-MV photons are used, and from daily image-guided fiducial-based portal imaging. Using clinical data from 10 patients who received IMRT for prostate cancer, and thermo-luminescent dosimeter measurements in phantom, we estimated the dose to the testes from each of these sources. RESULTS A mean testicular dose of 172 and 220 cGy results from internal photon scatter for pelvic nodal fields and 68 and 93 cGy for prostate-only fields, for 6- and 15-MV energies, respectively. For 15-MV photon energies, the mean testicular dose from neutrons is 60 cGy for pelvic fields and 31 cGy for prostate-only fields. From daily portal MV image guidance, the testes-in-field mean dose is 350 cGy, whereas the testes-out-of-field scatter dose is 16 cGy. Dosimetric comparisons between IMRT using 6-MV and 15-MV photon energies are not significantly different. Worst-case scenarios can potentially deliver cumulative incidental mean testicular doses of 630 cGy, whereas best-case scenarios can deliver only 84 cGy. CONCLUSIONS Incidental dose to the testes from prostate IMRT can be minimized by opting to restrict the use of elective pelvic nodal fields, by choosing photon energies <10 MV, and by using the smallest port sizes necessary for daily image guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Risk of Hypogonadism From Scatter Radiation During Pelvic Radiation in Male Patients With Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1481-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alterations in Hormone Levels After Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Male Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bruheim K, Svartberg J, Carlsen E, Dueland S, Haug E, Skovlund E, Tveit KM, Guren MG. Radiotherapy for rectal cancer is associated with reduced serum testosterone and increased FSH and LH. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:722-7. [PMID: 18262088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is known that scattered radiation to the testes during pelvic radiotherapy can affect fertility, but there is little knowledge on its effects on male sex hormones. The aim of this study was to determine whether radiotherapy for rectal cancer affects testosterone production. METHODS AND MATERIALS All male patients who had received adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer from 1993 to 2003 were identified from the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry. Patients treated with surgery alone were randomly selected from the same registry as control subjects. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed, and free testosterone was calculated (N = 290). Information about the radiotherapy treatment was collected from the patient hospital charts. RESULTS Serum FSH was 3 times higher in the radiotherapy group than in the control group (median, 18.8 vs. 6.3 IU/L, p <0.001), and serum LH was 1.7 times higher (median, 7.5 vs. 4.5 IU/l, p <0.001). In the radiotherapy group, 27% of patients had testosterone levels below the reference range (8-35 nmol/L), compared with 10% of the nonirradiated patients (p <0.001). Irradiated patients had lower serum testosterone (mean, 11.1 vs. 13.4 nmol/L, p <0.001) and lower calculated free testosterone (mean, 214 vs. 235 pmol/L, p <0.05) than control subjects. Total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, and gonadotropins were related to the distance from the bony pelvic structures to the caudal field edge. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum levels of gonadotropins and subnormal serum levels of testosterone indicate that curative radiotherapy for rectal cancer can result in permanent testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Bruheim
- The Cancer Center, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Gonadal dysfunction and fertility problems are adverse effects of cancer treatment or may be associated with specific malignancies. This review focuses on these problems in the young cancer survivors, where methods of protecting or restoring endocrine function and fertility need to be considered. In females, treatment adverse effects can result in infertility, but premature ovarian failure (POF) is probably relevant for more female cancer survivors, affecting also those who do not wish post-treatment parenthood. POF affects present and future health, especially through oestrogen deficiency symptoms and an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. A lower risk of developing POF has been considered in young females than in older due to a larger pool of oocytes. However, a recent long-term follow-up study reported a prevalence of POF in young females with Hodgkin's lymphoma of 37% showing that young age at time of treatment only delays the development of POF. In male gonads, germ cells are much more sensitive to irradiation and chemotherapy than Leydig cells. Thus, infertility is a more common adverse effect than hypogonadism. Some malignancies are particular relevant. Persistent azoospermia was formerly common after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but currently, most patients recover spermatogenesis. Modern treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is also unlikely to cause infertility. Norwegian testicular cancer survivors diagnosed in 1980-1994 who attempted conception had an overall 15-year actuarial post-treatment paternity rate of 71% (range 48-92% depending on the treatment). However, the rate was significantly higher among men diagnosed in1989-1994 (over 80%) than in 1980-1988 (about 63%). Patients at risk for hypogonadism and infertility should be defined prior to treatment, and available methods for gonadal preservation should maximally be utilised. During follow-up, oncologists should routinely address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Brydøy
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Vorwerk H, Hermann RM, Christiansen H, Liersch T, Hess CF, Weiss E. A special device (double-hole belly board) and optimal radiation technique to reduce testicular radiation exposure in radiotherapy of rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2007; 84:320-7. [PMID: 17706310 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with rectal cancer are treated in prone position on a belly board to reduce the volume of irradiated small bowel. With this technique the testes obtain radiation doses, which often result in partial or complete impairment of the spermatogenesis and a dose-dependent decrease of testosterone levels. We developed a double-hole belly board (DHBB) and evaluated its potential to reduce testicular dose. METHODS AND MATERIALS In nine consecutive male patients (3 very low tumor localisations [inguinal RT], 3 low [RT perineum], 3 high [lower border ischial tuberosities]) CT scans were performed on a conventional single-hole belly board (SHBB) and on a DHBB. Dose-volume histograms of the testes were analysed for both belly boards and for different treatment techniques (3-field and 4-field). RESULTS To reduce testicular dose in high tumors, positioning on DHBB was most effective (V(1.5Gy) 20-30% vs. 60% for SHBB, V(4Gy) 7% vs. 35%). In low tumors, a 3-field technique reduced high testicular doses (V(14Gy) 0-6% vs. 28-34% for 4-fields). In very low tumors a combination of DHBB and 3-fields led to a decrease of high dose exposure (V(33Gy) 0% vs. 24-78%). CONCLUSION In male patients with rectal cancer the use of a DHBB and a 3-field technique is recommended to reduce testicular radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Vorwerk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Hermann RM, Henkel K, Christiansen H, Vorwerk H, Hille A, Hess CF, Schmidberger H. Testicular dose and hormonal changes after radiotherapy of rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2005; 75:83-8. [PMID: 15878105 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To measure the dose received by the testicles during radiotherapy for rectal cancer and to determine the contribution of each field of the pelvic box and the relevance for hormonal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 11 patients (mean age 55.2 years) testicular doses were measured with an ionisation chamber between 7 and 10 times during the course of pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy) for rectal carcinoma. Before and several months after radiotherapy luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and total testosterone serum levels were determined. RESULTS The mean cumulative radiation exposure to the testicles was 3.56 Gy (0.7-8.4 Gy; 7.1% of the prescribed dose). Seventy-three percent received more than 2 Gy to the testicles. Fifty-eight percent of the measured dose was contributed by the p.a. field, 30% by the a.p. field and 12% by the lateral fields. Mean LH and FSH levels were significantly increased after therapy (350%/185% of the pre-treatment values), testosterone levels decreased to 78%. No correlation could be found between changes of hormones and doses to the testis, probably due to the low number of evaluated patients. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy of rectal carcinoma causes significant damage to the testis, as shown by increased levels of gonadotropins after radiotherapy. Most of the gonadal dose is delivered by the p.a. field, due to the divergence of the p.a. beam towards the testicles. The reduction in testosterone level may be of clinical concern. Patients who will receive radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma must be instructed about a high risk of permanent infertility, and the risk of endocrine failure (hypogonadism). Larger studies are needed to establish the correlation between testicular radiation dose and hormonal changes in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
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