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Farhat F, Ammar A, Mezghani N, Kammoun MM, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, Gharbi A, Sallemi L, Rebai H, Moalla W, Smits-Engelsman B. Spatial Accuracy and Variability in Dart Throwing in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and the Relationship with Ball Skill Items. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1028-1043. [PMID: 38667822 PMCID: PMC11049260 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine precision and variability in dart throwing performance and the relationships between these outcomes and bouncing, throwing and catching tasks in children with and without DCD. Children between the ages of 8 and 10 years (n = 165) were classified according to results obtained on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) and divided into three groups: 65 children with severe DCD (s-DCD), 45 with moderate DCD (m-DCD) and 55 typically developing children (TD). All children performed the dart throwing test and the ball skill items of the Performance and Fitness Test (PERF-FIT). The accuracy and variability of dart throwing tasks were significantly different between TD and s-DCD (p < 0.01), and also between m-DCD and s-DCD (p < 0.01). Participants with s-DCD were also found to perform significantly worse on all PERF-FIT ball skill items than m-DCD (p < 0.001), and m-DCD were significantly poorer than TD (p < 0.001). The dart score and coefficient of variation of the long-distance task appear to be significant predictors for the ball skills and explain between 24 to 29% of their variance. In conclusion, poor results in aiming tasks using darts in children with DCD corroborate with the explanation of deficits in predictive control since the tasks require ballistic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiçal Farhat
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (F.F.); (M.M.K.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Nourhen Mezghani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Moncef Kammoun
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (F.F.); (M.M.K.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (W.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (F.F.); (M.M.K.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (W.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 293, Bahrain;
| | - Adnene Gharbi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Unit, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Lassad Sallemi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (F.F.); (M.M.K.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (W.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Haithem Rebai
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Sports Performance Optimization Research Laboratory (LR09SEP01), National Center for Sports Medicine and Science (CNMSS), Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (F.F.); (M.M.K.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (W.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (A.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Saleem GT. Defining and measuring motor imagery in children: mini review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227215. [PMID: 37655192 PMCID: PMC10466893 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is the ability to engage in the mental representation of a task consciously or automatically without generating a voluntary movement. While the construct of MI and its various dimensions have been comprehensively studied in adults, research remains limited in children. Children as young as 5 years old can engage in MI, and this engagement is crucial to their motor development and skill acquisition. Further, the degree of skill achievement is directly linked to MI responsiveness. Clinicians and researchers often measure MI responsiveness in children to facilitate skill development and retention. However, few measures exist that can appropriately assess MI responsiveness in children. To date, a focused review examining the MI dimensions in children as well as comparing the characteristics of MI measures in children is lacking, and thus a research gap exists. This paper examines past and current research describing MI ability in children from the theoretical, developmental, and neurological lens and systematically analyzes the properties of three widely used operations - the movement imagery questionnaire in children (MIQ-C), the Florida praxis imaginary questionnaire (FPIQ-C), and the mental chronometry paradigm (MCP) - to measure MI and its dimensions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala T. Saleem
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Tseng YT, Lin YH, Chen YW, Tsai CL, Chen FC. Impaired wrist position sense is linked to motor abnormalities in young adults with a probable developmental coordination disorder. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136446. [PMID: 34999167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proprioceptive deficits have been found to underlie motor abnormalities in individuals with movement disorders. This study investigated wrist proprioceptive acuity in young adults with and without probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and examined how proprioceptive acuity is linked to different domains of motor function. Thirty participants were included in this study (age, 19-22 years), ten with probable DCD and 20 controls. Wrist proprioceptive acuity was assessed using a joint position sense paradigm under contralateral and ipsilateral conditions. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition (BOT-2) was used to measure different domains of motor ability. Compared to the control group, young adults with probable DCD exhibited significantly increased proprioceptive error variability in contralateral (p < 0.0001) and ipsilateral conditions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, wrist proprioceptive error variability was significantly associated with the levels of body coordination measured by BOT-2 (r = - 0.55). This study verified impaired wrist proprioceptive function in young adults with probable DCD, which is likely to contribute to motor impairment in adults with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University. No.521, Nanda Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University. No.521, Nanda Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University. No.521, Nanda Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University. No.521, Nanda Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institutes of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Steenbergen B, Krajenbrink H, Lust J, Wilson P. Motor imagery and action observation for predictive control in developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1352-1355. [PMID: 32735038 PMCID: PMC7689853 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, international clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were published. Informing our understanding of mechanisms, recent systematic reviews have shown that children with DCD have difficulties with the predictive control of movements, including aspects of motor planning, which is expressed as the internal modeling deficit hypothesis. This motor control deficit is most evident when the spatial and temporal demands of a task increase. An increasing number of empirical studies suggest that motor planning problems can be remediated through training based on one or a combination of motor imagery and action observation. In this review, we show evidence of motor planning problems in children with DCD and show that task demands or complexity affects its appearance. Implications of these findings are treatments based on motor imagery and action observation to remediate motor planning issues. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI)Radboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Centre for Disability and Development Research (CeDDR)School of Behavioural and Health SciencesAustralian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Hilde Krajenbrink
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI)Radboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jessica Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI)Radboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Peter Wilson
- Centre for Disability and Development Research (CeDDR)School of Behavioural and Health SciencesAustralian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Motor functions. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32958171 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor development includes the evolution from reflexive to voluntary and goal-directed motor actions. These motor actions are never performed in isolation but always in a varying physical environment, often requiring object and social interaction. For a child to function within this context, they require the ability to demonstrate skillful, efficient, and voluntary postures and movement patterns. Furthermore, these movement patterns or motor skills need to be performed in interaction with the environment and in response to diverse stimuli, an ability that is defined as praxis. In this chapter, definitions are provided for the different components of motor function, motor skills, and praxis. The close interaction between perception, cognition, and (motor) action is discussed. Furthermore, crucial periods of typical development of motor and praxis abilities are highlighted, by means of the metaphorical "mountain of motor development," that is rooted in the dynamic systems perspective on motor development, as a starting point. The chapter ends with a discussion on the evaluation of motor function and praxis, highlighting benefits, and possible pitfalls.
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van de Walle de Ghelcke A, Skoura X, Edwards MG, Quercia P, Papaxanthis C. Action representation deficits in adolescents with developmental dyslexia. J Neuropsychol 2020; 15:215-234. [PMID: 32816402 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD), a severe and frequent disorder of reading acquisition, is characterized by a diversity of cognitive and motor deficits whose interactions still remain under debate. Although deficits in the automatization of sensorimotor control have been highlighted, internal action representation allowing prediction has never before been investigated. In this study, we considered action representation of 18 adolescents with pure DD and 18 age-matched typical readers. Participants actually and mentally performed a visually guided pointing task involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade-off paradigm). While actual and mental movement times of typical readers were isochronous and both conformed to Fitts' law, the movement times of dyslexics differed between conditions, and only the actual movement times conformed to Fitts' law. Furthermore, the quality of motor imagery correlated with word reading abilities. This suggests that the process of action representation is impaired in pure DD and supports the sensorimotor perspective of DD. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice van de Walle de Ghelcke
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xanthi Skoura
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Martin Gareth Edwards
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Quercia
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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8
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Fuchs CT, Becker K, Austin E, Tamplain P. Accuracy and Vividness in Motor Imagery Ability: Differences between Children and Young Adults. Dev Neuropsychol 2020; 45:297-308. [PMID: 32633136 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2020.1788034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) refers to the imagination of a motor task without actual movement execution. The purpose of this study was to compare MI accuracy and vividness, and motor proficiency between children (n = 101; 7-12 years) and young adults (n = 140; 18-25 years). Results indicated that young adults were significantly more accurate and rated their MI significantly more vivid than children. For MI accuracy, between-subject effects showed that young adults had higher scores than children on three of the four subscales and the action subscale significantly predicted motor proficiency. These findings indicate that MI ability continues to develop into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadwick T Fuchs
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Becker
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University , Denton, TX, USA
| | - Erin Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Priscila Tamplain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, USA
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Scott MW, Emerson JR, Dixon J, Tayler MA, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation enhances imitation of everyday rhythmical actions in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 71:102620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Training-Induced Neuroplasticity in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-020-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Scott MW, Emerson JR, Dixon J, Tayler MA, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation enhances automatic imitation in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 183:242-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Job XE, Brady D, de Fockert JW, Luft CDB, Hill EL, van Velzen J. Adults with probable developmental coordination disorder selectively process early visual, but not tactile information during action preparation. An electrophysiological study. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 66:S0167-9457(18)30812-1. [PMID: 30981450 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting motor coordination in children and adults. Here, EEG signals elicited by visual and tactile stimuli were recorded while adult participants with and without probable DCD (pDCD) performed a motor task. The task cued reaching movements towards a location in visible peripersonal space as well as an area of unseen personal space. Event-related potentials elicited by visual and tactile stimuli revealed that visual processing was strongly affected by movement preparation in the pDCD group, even more than in controls. However, in contrast to the controls, tactile processing in unseen space was unaffected by movement preparation in the pDCD group. The selective use of sensory information from vision and proprioception is fundamental for the adaptive control of movements, and these findings suggest that this is impaired in DCD. Additionally, the pDCD group showed attenuated motor rhythms (beta: 13-30 Hz) over sensorimotor regions following cues to prepare movements towards unseen personal space. The results reveal that individuals with pDCD exhibit differences in the neural mechanisms of spatial selection and action preparation compared to controls, which may underpin the sustained difficulties they experience. These findings provide new insights into the neural mechanisms potentially disrupted in this highly prevalent disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier E Job
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom; Sorbonne Université, UPMC, CNRS, Institut des Systémes Intelligents et du Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Daniel Brady
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jan W de Fockert
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabeth L Hill
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - José van Velzen
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom.
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Motor imagery in children with DCD: A systematic and meta-analytic review of hand-rotation task performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:282-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Portnoy S, Mimouni-Bloch A, Rosenberg L, Offek H, Berman T, Kochavi M, Orman G, Friedman J. Graphical Product Quality and Muscle Activity in Children With Mild Disabilities Drawing on a Horizontally or Vertically Oriented Tablet. Am J Occup Ther 2019; 72:7206205040p1-7206205040p7. [PMID: 30760396 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.027532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared performance level and muscle activity patterns during shape copying and tracing in two positions, while sitting at a desk and while standing in front of a wall, between typically developing (TD) preschool children and children with mild disabilities (MD). METHOD Twenty-two TD children (8 boys, 14 girls; mean [M] age = 5.2 yr, standard deviation [SD] = 0.1) and 13 children with MD (9 boys, 4 girls; M age = 4.9 yr, SD = 0.5) participated in this study. RESULTS The children performed faster and smoother movements when copying shapes on the vertical surface, with no reduction of accuracy, than on the horizontal surface. Children with MD exerted their upper trapezius while performing the short tasks on the vertical surface compared with their muscle activity on the horizontal surface. CONCLUSION Incorporating short copying or drawing tasks on a vertical surface may increase the control of proximal muscles and ease graphomotor performance in children with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Portnoy
- Sigal Portnoy, PhD, is Lecturer, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Aviva Mimouni-Bloch
- Aviva Mimouni-Bloch, MD, is Director, Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel, and Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Rosenberg
- Limor Rosenberg, PhD, OT, is Senior Teacher, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Offek
- Hagar Offek, MSc, is Researcher, Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Tamar Berman is Occupational Therapy Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kochavi
- Michal Kochavi is Occupational Therapy Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Orman
- Gal Orman is Occupational Therapy Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason Friedman
- Jason Friedman, PhD, is Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Fuchs CT, Caçola P. Differences in accuracy and vividness of motor imagery in children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 60:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Adams ILJ, Lust JM, Steenbergen B. Development of motor imagery ability in children with developmental coordination disorder - A goal-directed pointing task. Br J Psychol 2017; 109:187-203. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imke L. J. Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- School of Psychology; Australian Catholic University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Disability and Development Research; Australian Catholic University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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17
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Chang SH, Yu NY. Development and validation of the comprehensive praxis assessment for children aged 6-8. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 57:332-341. [PMID: 29054326 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of motor praxis using a large school-based sample of children (n=239). We developed and evaluated the construct validity of a motor praxis assessment using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A model with four latent variables was evaluated for goodness of fit. CFA established that the scale was multifactorial and supported the four-factor model (motor imagery, verbal gesture production, imitative gesture production and knowledge of object-use). The internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the praxis assessment mostly demonstrated good to excellent results for the full scale and the subscales. The motor praxis demonstrated an ontogenic progression in 6-, 7- and 8-year-olds, suggesting a developmental trend during these ages, but with the exception of gestural representation on imitation. Implications for motor development and clinical evaluation are discussed herein in relation to the four instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hsia Chang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Ying Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Kashuk S, Williams J, Thorpe G, Wilson P, Egan G. Diminished motor imagery capability in adults with motor impairment: An fMRI mental rotation study. Behav Brain Res 2017; 334:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Israely S, Leisman G, Carmeli E. Improvement in arm and hand function after a stroke with task-oriented training. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-219250. [PMID: 28314812 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A man aged 77 years sustained a left-hemisphere stroke with right hemiparesis. After spending 10 days in the hospital, he was referred to an area rehabilitation centre. There he carried out daily physical, occupational and speech therapy, with an emphasis on task-oriented treatment. The patient's upper-extremity motor performance was evaluated at admission to the rehabilitation centre and before leaving the hospital by 3 different measurement tools: the upper-extremity motor part of the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, electromyography in hand-reach and grasp and object manipulation and handwriting tasks. Significant improvement in hand function was observed in proximal as well as in distal skills. Significant improvement in handwriting skills and decreased impairment level of the upper extremity had considerable effects on the quality of life of the patient. The case report emphasises the importance of intensive task-oriented training during the first 3 months after stroke to support the natural recovery of the lesioned area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israely
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience, The National Institute for Brain and Rehabilitation Sciences, Nazareth, Israel.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Eli Carmeli
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Eaves DL, Riach M, Holmes PS, Wright DJ. Motor Imagery during Action Observation: A Brief Review of Evidence, Theory and Future Research Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:514. [PMID: 27917103 PMCID: PMC5116576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have traditionally been viewed as two separate techniques, which can both be used alongside physical practice to enhance motor learning and rehabilitation. Their independent use has largely been shown to be effective, and there is clear evidence that the two processes can elicit similar activity in the motor system. Building on these well-established findings, research has now turned to investigate the effects of their combined use. In this article, we first review the available neurophysiological and behavioral evidence for the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) on motor processes. We next describe a conceptual framework for their combined use, and then discuss several areas for future research into AO+MI processes. In this review, we advocate a more integrated approach to AO+MI techniques than has previously been adopted by movement scientists and practitioners alike. We hope that this early review of an emergent body of research, along with a related set of research questions, can inspire new work in this area. We are optimistic that future research will further confirm if, how, and when this combined approach to AO+MI can be more effective in motor learning and rehabilitation settings, relative to the more traditional application of MI or AO independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Eaves
- Sport and Exercise Science Section, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, UK
| | - Martin Riach
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
| | - Paul S. Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
| | - David J. Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
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Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B. Motor imagery difficulties in children with Cerebral Palsy: A specific or general deficit? RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 57:102-111. [PMID: 27399206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of motor imagery (MI) difficulties in children with CP. METHOD Performance of 22 children with CP was compared to a gender and age matched control group. MI ability was measured with the Hand Laterality Judgment (HLJ) task, examining specifically the direction of rotation (DOR) effect, and the Praxis Imagery Questionnaire (PIQ). RESULTS In the back view condition of the HLJ task both groups used MI, as evidenced by longer response times for lateral compared with medial rotational angles. In the palm view condition children with CP did not show an effect of DOR, unlike controls. Error scores did not differ between groups. Both groups performed well on the PIQ, with no significant difference between them in response pattern. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The present study suggests that children with CP show deficits on tasks that trigger implicit use of MI, whereas explicit MI ability was relatively preserved, as assessed using the PIQ. These results suggest that employing more explicit methods of MI training may well be more suitable for children with CP in rehabilitation of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lust
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter H Wilson
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne 3065, VIC, Australia
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Chang SH, Yu NY. Comparison of motor praxis and performance in children with varying levels of developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 48:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Israely S, Carmeli E. Handwriting performance versus arm forward reach and grasp abilities among post-stroke patients, a case-control study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 24:5-11. [PMID: 27223335 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1183383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based studies regarding deficits in handwriting performance relative to hand reaching and grasping after a stroke are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent of damage to handwriting skills compared to arm reach and grasp task among post-stroke patients. METHODS Eighteen patients and 19 healthy subjects were recruited to this case-control study. Patients were evaluated 15.2 days (±6.5) after the stroke using a Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool, surface Electromyography and Fugl-Meyer assessment. This study compared motor deficits in hand reaching and grasping and in handwriting between stroke patients and healthy subjects. Damage to handwriting performance relative to hand reaching and grasping skills was also evaluated. RESULTS Significant differences were found between groups in handwriting performance (p < 0.05). The performance of the trapezius, biceps, and triceps muscles can predict 63.5% of the variance in the ability to write a short sentence (p < 0.023). Pen pressure can predict 74.9% of the hand motor performance from Fugl-Meyer assessment (p < 0.05). Handwriting was more damaged than was the pattern of activation of the proximal muscles of the shoulder and arm (p < 0.05). FM scores were highly, negatively correlated with the in-air writing time across tasks (r = -0.819, p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the clinical observation that dexterity skills are more damaged than are arm forward reach after a stroke. However, these differences in motor performance were not significant in mildly disabled patients, demonstrating the feasibility of handwriting rehabilitation in these patients. Therefore, we modestly recommend focusing on handwriting rehabilitation of the hemiparetic upper extremity in mildly impaired patients after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israely
- a Faculty of Welfare and Health, Department of Physical Therapy , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Eli Carmeli
- a Faculty of Welfare and Health, Department of Physical Therapy , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Is there symmetry in motor imagery? Exploring different versions of the mental chronometry paradigm. Atten Percept Psychophys 2016; 78:1794-805. [PMID: 27173486 PMCID: PMC4972863 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery and motor execution share similar processes. However, only some factors that affect motor execution affect motor imagery in the same way. We investigated whether bimanual coordination constraints (parallel movements are performed slower than symmetric movements) are observed in motor imagery and whether the way of implementing the mental chronometry paradigm, which is used to investigate motor imagery, influences the results. Participants imagined and executed repetitive symmetric and parallel bimanual movements in three different tasks. Participants performed a certain number of movement repetitions (number task), repeated movements for a fixed duration (duration task), and performed movements in synchrony with pacing sounds (synchronization task). In both, imagination and execution, inter-response intervals were longer with parallel movements than with symmetric movements (number task and duration task), and the percentage of correct movements was lower with parallel than with symmetric movements (synchronization task). Performance of imagined and executed movements was correlated in all tasks. However, imagination took longer or was rated as less accurate than execution, and in the synchronization task the coordination constraint affected accuracy more in execution than in imagination. Thus, motor imagery and overt execution involve shared and unique processes. The synchronization task offers a promising alternative to investigate motor imagery, because the speed-accuracy trade-off is taken into account, different tempi can be used, and psychometric functions can be calculated.
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Dewey D, Bernier FP. The Concept of Atypical Brain Development in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)—a New Look. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-016-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Adams ILJ, Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B. Testing predictive control of movement in children with developmental coordination disorder using converging operations. Br J Psychol 2016; 108:73-90. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imke L. J. Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Wilson
- School of Psychology; Australian Catholic University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University Nijmegen; The Netherlands
- School of Psychology; Australian Catholic University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Reynolds JE, Thornton AL, Elliott C, Williams J, Lay BS, Licari MK. A systematic review of mirror neuron system function in developmental coordination disorder: Imitation, motor imagery, and neuroimaging evidence. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 47:234-283. [PMID: 26458259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the evidence of abnormal functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS) in children and adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), through examination of imitation, motor imagery, and neuroimaging literature. METHODS The following databases were comprehensively searched for relevant articles: CINAHL Plus, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Pubmed, and Web of Science. Full-text articles of all potentially relevant citations were obtained and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Outcome measures of interest at a motor behaviour level were any measures of imitation or motor imagery proficiency and, at a neurological level, were any measures of neural activity in MNS brain regions. Due to differences in outcome measures between studies and the variables reported, a narrative review was undertaken to synthesise findings from the studies. RESULTS Overall, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. Children and adults with DCD display deficits imitating meaningful and novel gestures and demonstrate different response patterns to controls when undertaking complex motor imagery tasks. Children with DCD present reduced activation and connectivity of frontal, parietal, and temporal MNS regions. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence indicates some deficit in the functioning of the MNS at a motor behaviour and neurological level. As no published neuroimaging studies have been designed specifically to explore MNS function, these results must be interpreted with caution. Further research to explore the MNS hypothesis in greater detail, particularly from a neuroimaging perspective, has the potential to provide information on the underlying mechanisms of DCD, inform future research into the aetiology of this disorder, and inform intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess E Reynolds
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh L Thornton
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, and School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan S Lay
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa K Licari
- School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Ferguson G, Wilson P, Smits-Engelsman B. The influence of task paradigm on motor imagery ability in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 44:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The ability of 6- to 8-year-old children to use motor imagery in a goal-directed pointing task. J Exp Child Psychol 2015; 139:221-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Motor imagery ability and internal representation of movement in children with probable developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 44:287-98. [PMID: 26457342 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that deficits in the functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS) and internal modelling may contribute to the motor impairments associated with DCD. These processes can be explored behaviourally through motor imagery paradigms. Motor imagery proficiency of children with and without probable DCD (pDCD) was examined using a complex hand rotation task to explore whether motor imagery strategies could be used during more complex tasks. Forty-four boys aged 7-13 years participated, 22 with pDCD (mean = 9.90 years ± 1.57) and 22 controls (mean = 9.68 years ± 1.53). Participants completed the task twice: with and without motor imagery instructions. Stimuli were presented in two rotational axes--palm/back, and eight 45° rotational steps. Both groups showed evidence of following the biomechanical and postural constraints of actual movements. Responses of children with pDCD were slower and less accurate than controls, with group differences increasing alongside task complexity. A greater impact of biomechanical constraints for accuracy was observed in the DCD group. The response characteristics of children with pDCD likely reflects a reduced capacity to mentally manipulate a body schema and reduced visuo-motor processing capabilities. Behaviourally, these processes are linked to MNS and internal modelling function, suggesting deficits in these systems may contribute to the movement difficulties characteristic of DCD.
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31
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Do motor ability and handwriting kinematic measures predict organizational ability among children with Developmental Coordination Disorders? Hum Mov Sci 2015; 43:201-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fuelscher I, Williams J, Enticott PG, Hyde C. Reduced motor imagery efficiency is associated with online control difficulties in children with probable developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 45-46:239-252. [PMID: 26263409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the ability to correct reaching movements in response to unexpected target changes (i.e., online control) is reduced in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Recent computational modeling of human reaching suggests that these inefficiencies may result from difficulties generating and/or monitoring internal representations of movement. This study was the first to test this putative relationship empirically. We did so by investigating the degree to which the capacity to correct reaching mid-flight could be predicted by motor imagery (MI) proficiency in a sample of children with probable DCD (pDCD). Thirty-four children aged 8 to 12 years (17 children with pDCD and 17 age-matched controls) completed the hand rotation task, a well-validated measure of MI, and a double-step reaching task (DSRT), a protocol commonly adopted to infer one's capacity for correcting reaching online. As per previous research, children with pDCD demonstrated inefficiencies in their ability to generate internal action representations and correct their reaching online, demonstrated by inefficient hand rotation performance and slower correction to the reach trajectory following unexpected target perturbation during the DSRT compared to age-matched controls. Critically, hierarchical moderating regression demonstrated that even after general reaching ability was controlled for, MI efficiency was a significant predictor of reaching correction efficiency, a relationship that was constant across groups. Ours is the first study to provide direct pilot evidence in support of the view that a decreased capacity for online control of reaching typical of DCD may be associated with inefficiencies generating and/or using internal representations of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- College of Sport and Exercise Science & Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gomez A, Sirigu A. Developmental coordination disorder: core sensori-motor deficits, neurobiology and etiology. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:272-87. [PMID: 26423663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among developmental disorders, DCD is one of the least studied and less understood one (Bishop, 2010). This review summarizes the current understanding of developmental coordination disorder in neuropsychology with a focus mainly on high level sensorimotor impairments, its etiology and its neural bases. We summarize these core deficits in the framework of an influent motor control model (Blakemore et al., 2002). DCD has several environmental risk factors which probably interplay with genetic factors but those have not been sufficiently identified. High-level sensori-motor deficits are probably multifactorial in DCD and involve predictive coding deficits as well as weaknesses in perceptual and sensory integration. At the brain level, DCD is associated with impaired structure and functions within the motor network. Throughout the review we highlight exciting new findings as well as potential future lines of research to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gomez
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ESPE, Lyon, France.
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France.
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Spruijt S, van der Kamp J, Steenbergen B. Current insights in the development of children's motor imagery ability. Front Psychol 2015; 6:787. [PMID: 26113832 PMCID: PMC4461854 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the number of studies on motor imagery in children has witnessed a large expansion. Most studies used the hand laterality judgment paradigm or the mental chronometry paradigm to examine motor imagery ability. The main objective of the current review is to collate these studies to provide a more comprehensive insight in children’s motor imagery development and its age of onset. Motor imagery is a form of motor cognition and aligns with forward (or predictive) models of motor control. Studying age-related differences in motor imagery ability in children therefore provides insight in underlying processes of motor development during childhood. Another motivation for studying age-related differences in motor imagery is that in order to effectively apply motor imagery training in children (with motor impairments), it is pertinent to first establish the age at which children are actually able to perform motor imagery. Overall, performance in the imagery tasks develops between 5 and 12 years of age. The age of motor imagery onset, however, remains equivocal, as some studies indicate that children of 5 to 7 years old can already enlist motor imagery in an implicit motor imagery task, whereas other studies using explicit instructions revealed that children do not use motor imagery before the age of 10. From the findings of the current study, we can conclude that motor imagery training is potentially a feasible method for pediatric rehabilitation in children from 5 years on. We suggest that younger children are most likely to benefit from motor imagery training that is presented in an implicit way. Action observation training might be a beneficial adjunct to implicit motor imagery training. From 10 years of age, more explicit forms of motor imagery training can be effectively used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffie Spruijt
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John van der Kamp
- Research Institute Move, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University Melbourne, Australia
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35
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Brain Imaging Increases Our Understanding of Developmental Coordination Disorder: a Review of Literature and Future Directions. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-015-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Adams IL, Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B. Compromised motor control in children with DCD: A deficit in the internal model?—A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:225-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hyde C, Fuelscher I, Buckthought K, Enticott PG, Gitay MA, Williams J. Motor imagery is less efficient in adults with probable developmental coordination disorder: evidence from the hand rotation task. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:3062-3070. [PMID: 25134075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide preliminary insight into the integrity of motor imagery (MI) in adults with probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). Based on a strong body of evidence indicating that paediatric samples of DCD often experience difficulties engaging MI, we hypothesised that young adults with pDCD would demonstrate similar difficulties. The performance of 12 young adults (19-35 years) with pDCD was compared to 47 age-matched controls on a traditional mental hand rotation task. Mean inverse efficiency scores were generated for each participant by dividing each participant's mean RT by their proportion of correct responses at each of the stimuli presentation conditions. Preliminary analysis revealed that the performance profiles of individuals with pDCD and age-matched controls showed evidence of being constrained by the biomechanical and postural constraints of real movement, suggesting that both groups engaged in an embodied (MI) strategy to complete the task. Despite engaging in a MI strategy, however, young adults with pDCD were nonetheless significantly less efficient when doing so, shown by significant main effects for group on all group efficiency comparisons. Based on the assumption that MI provides insight into the internal 'neural' action representation that precedes action, we argue that the less efficient MI performance demonstrated by young adults with pDCD may indicate inefficiencies engaging or implementing internal action representations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Buckthought
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria A Gitay
- Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- College of Sport and Exercise Science & Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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A one-year survey of cursive letter handwriting in a French second-grade child with developmental coordination disorder. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2014. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503314003017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Assessing motor imagery using the hand rotation task: Does performance change across childhood? Hum Mov Sci 2014; 35:50-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Caçola P, Gabbard C, Ibana M, Romero M. Tool length influences reach distance estimation via motor imagery in children with developmental coordination disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2014; 36:596-606. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.918092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Noten M, Wilson P, Ruddock S, Steenbergen B. Mild impairments of motor imagery skills in children with DCD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:1152-1159. [PMID: 24636024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the underlying mechanism of clumsy motor behaviour in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is caused by a deficit in the internal modelling for motor control. An internal modelling deficit can be shown on a behavioural level by a task that requires motor imagery. Motor imagery skills are suggested to be related to anticipatory action planning, but motor imagery and action planning have not been tested within the same child. In the present study, action planning and motor imagery skills were assessed in 82 children between 7 and 12 years of age. Twenty-one of these children met the criteria for DCD, which was assessed by the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development and 56 of these children were used in the control group. Motor imagery was tested by a mental rotation task of hands that were shown from a back and palm point of view. The results show that motor imagery is affected in children with DCD but only in conditions with complex task constraints (i.e., rotation of hand stimuli presented in palm view). These results provide partial support for the internal modelling deficit hypothesis. We were not able to elicit motor planning deficits in this group, however, and argue that more complex planning tasks may be needed to identify such deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Noten
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wilson
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, 115 Victoria Pde, Melbourne, VIC 3450, Australia
| | - Scott Ruddock
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, 115 Victoria Pde, Melbourne, VIC 3450, Australia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, 115 Victoria Pde, Melbourne, VIC 3450, Australia.
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Hyde C, Wilmut K, Fuelscher I, Williams J. Does implicit motor imagery ability predict reaching correction efficiency? A test of recent models of human motor control. J Mot Behav 2013; 45:259-69. [PMID: 23663190 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2013.785927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurocomputational models of reaching indicate that efficient purposive correction of movement midflight (e.g., online control) depends on one's ability to generate and monitor an accurate internal (neural) movement representation. In the first study to test this empirically, the authors investigated the relationship between healthy young adults' implicit motor imagery performance and their capacity to correct their reaching trajectory. As expected, after controlling for general reaching speed, hierarchical regression demonstrated that imagery ability was a significant predictor of hand correction speed; that is, faster and more accurate imagery performance associated with faster corrections to reaching following target displacement at movement onset. They argue that these findings provide preliminary support for the view that a link exists between an individual's ability to represent movement mentally and correct movement online efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hyde
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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43
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Pezzulo G, Candidi M, Dindo H, Barca L. Action simulation in the human brain: Twelve questions. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Michmizos KP, Krebs HI. Pointing with the ankle: the speed-accuracy trade-off. Exp Brain Res 2013; 232:647-57. [PMID: 24271402 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the trade-off between speed and accuracy in pointing movements with the ankle during goal-directed movements in dorsal-plantar (DP) and inversion-eversion (IE). Nine subjects completed a series of discrete pointing movements with the ankle between spatial targets of varying difficulty. Six different target sets were presented, with a range of task difficulty between 2.2 and 3.8 bits of information. Our results demonstrated that for visually evoked, visually guided discrete DP and IE ankle pointing movements, performance can be described by a linear function, as predicted by Fitts' law. These results support our ongoing effort to develop an adaptive algorithm employing the speed-accuracy trade-off concept to control our pediatric anklebot while delivering therapy for children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos P Michmizos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77, Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA,
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45
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Age-related changes in motor imagery from early childhood to adulthood: Probing the internal representation of speed-accuracy trade-offs. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:1151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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47
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Hyde CE, Wilson PH. Impaired Online Control in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder Reflects Developmental Immaturity. Dev Neuropsychol 2013; 38:81-97. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2012.718820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Williams J, Omizzolo C, Galea MP, Vance A. Motor imagery skills of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Rosenblum S, Regev N. Timing abilities among children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD) in comparison to children with typical development. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:218-227. [PMID: 22960066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Timing ability is essential for common everyday performance. The aim of the study was to compare timing abilities and temporal aspects of handwriting performance and relationships between these two components among children with Developmental Coordination Disorders (DCD) and a control group. Forty two children, 21 diagnosed as DCD and 21 with typical development, aged 7-12, were matched for age, gender and school performed 14 tasks of the interactive metronome (IM) and three functional handwriting tasks on an electronic tablet that was part of a computerized system (ComPET--computerized penmanship evaluation tool). The IM supplies response time, while on-paper and in-air time per written stroke is received from the ComPET. Results indicated significant differences between the groups for both IM and handwriting tasks (ComPET). Linear regression indicated that the mean IM response time explained 37% of variance of the in-air time per stroke during a paragraph-copying task. Furthermore, based on one discriminate function including two measures reflected timing ability, 81% of all participants were correctly classified into groups. Study results strongly recommend consideration of the IM as an evaluation and intervention tool for children with DCD who are faced with timing deficits in their everyday functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosenblum
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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50
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Zwicker JG, Missiuna C, Harris SR, Boyd LA. Developmental coordination disorder: a review and update. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16:573-81. [PMID: 22705270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Present in approximately 5-6% of school-aged children, developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neuromotor disability in which a child's motor coordination difficulties significantly interfere with activities of daily living or academic achievement. These children typically have difficulty with fine and/or gross motor skills, with motor performance that is usually slower, less accurate, and more variable than that of their peers. In this paper, we review the history of various definitions leading up to the current definition of DCD, prevalence estimates for the disorder, etiology, common co-morbidities, the impact of DCD on the child's life, and prognosis. As well, we briefly describe current interventions for children with the disorder and results of recent neuroimaging studies of the brains of children with DCD, including research by the authors of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill G Zwicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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