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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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2
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Mutoh H, Nakamura S, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Construction of Pentacyclic Limonoid Skeletons via Radical Cascade Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6869-6878. [PMID: 33905252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limonoids 1 and 2 share a 6/6/6/5-membered ABCD-ring system and a six-membered oxacycle and differ in their C9-stereochemistries. A new radical-based strategy was devised to construct the pentacyclic skeletons of 1 and 2. An oxacycle-fused A-ring and enyne fragments were coupled to produce radical precursors 4a-4c with different C7-oxygen functionalities. The bridgehead tertiary bromide of 4a-4c participated in a radical cascade reaction with the three unsaturated bonds to cyclize the C9-diastereomeric BCD-rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Toosendanin relatives, trypanocidal principles from Meliae Cortex. J Nat Med 2020; 74:702-709. [PMID: 32529328 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Africa Trypanosomiasis remains a serious health problem, but the approved drugs for this disease are so few that novel trypanocidal compounds are demanded. In search for trypanocidal principles from medicinal plants, we found MeOH extracts of Meliae Cortex with potent activity through the screening from about 300 kinds of methanolic extract. By bioassay-guided fractionation from this extract through the liquid-liquid partition and subsequent chromatographic technique using silica gel and ODS, finally we disclosed toosendanin (1) and its relatives as active principles. These active congeners showed not only potent trypanocidal activity but also little cytotoxicity to display the excellent selective index. Taking the isolated amount as well as trypanocidal activity into consideration, 1 was disclosed to be the responsible active principle in Meliae Cortex. Additionally, the derivatives of 1 were chemically prepared from 1 and bioactivity of them were also evaluated. Through the comparison with their trypanocidal activity among the isolated relatives and the synthesized derivatives of 1, the epoxide moiety was revealed to be essential for their potent trypanocidal activity. Furthermore, 3-O-acetyl group and 7-hydroxyl group were presumed to be important functional groups and introduction of methylpropionyl group into hemiacetal hydroxy moiety was clarified to enhance their typanocidal activity.
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Zhang S, Cao L, Wang ZR, Li Z, Ma J. Anti-cancer effect of toosendanin and its underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:270-283. [PMID: 29629572 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1451516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is a triterpenoid purified from the medicinal herb Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and has been used as an insecticide for decades. Recent studies have attracted increasing interest of TSN due to its novel anti-cancer effect in diverse cancer models. The broad spectrum anti-cancer activity suggests that TSN inhibits multiple pathways/targets that are critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Our recent study indicated that TSN has anti-cancer effect in glioblastoma through induction of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and p53. This review highlights the anti-cancer efficacy of TSN and provides proof-of-principle insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhang
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang 712046 , China
| | - Liang Cao
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Zong-Ren Wang
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Zhe Li
- c Second Clinical Medical College , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang 712046 , China
| | - Jing Ma
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
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Zhou Q, Wu X, Wen C, Wang H, Wang H, Liu H, Peng J. Toosendanin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through the p38 MAPK pathway in human gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:261-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Park H, Yoo JS, Kim JY, Hwang BY, Han JS, Yeon SW, Kang JH. Anti-amyloidogenic effects of ID1201, the ethanolic extract of the fruits of Melia toosendan, through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:513-520. [PMID: 24566006 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, which are generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP), are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the anti-amyloidogenic effects of the ethanolic extract of Meliae Fructus (ID1201) using human embryonic kidney 293 cells with stably expressed human wild-type or Swedish mutant APP695 and β-secretase 1. ID1201 treatment enhanced the non-amyloidogenic metabolism of APP; increases in soluble APPα levels and decreases in soluble APPβ and Aβ levels resulted from the α-secretase activation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. In addition, ID1201-treated 5×familial AD (FAD) mice with 5 mutations in APP and presenilin 1 showed reduced levels of Aβ and amyloid plaques in the brain relative to those of 5×FAD mice with vehicle treatments. These results indicate that ID1201 possesses anti-amyloidogenic effects via the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that it is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeol Park
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Yoo
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Yeon
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Kang
- ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea
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Nakajima H, Wakabayashi Y, Wakamatsu K, Imokawa G. An extract of Melia toosendan attenuates endothelin-1-stimulated pigmentation in human epidermal equivalents through the interruption of PKC activity within melanocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:263-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang JL, Shi WY, Zhong W, Ma AT, Wang XD, Zhao YT, Wang M, Zhong XH. Effects of toosendanin on pregnancy and uterine immunity alterations in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 38:319-28. [PMID: 20387228 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the abortifacient effect and the mechanisms of the Chinese herbal medicine component toosendanin, and to elucidate the significance of the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the occurrence of abortion. Graded doses of toosendanin were given by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) to mice at day 5, 6, 7 of gestation. The levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) in serum and uterine tissues from mice sacrificed at day 8 were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Presence of T lymphocytes in endometrium was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that injection of toosendanin could produce a dose-dependent toxicity. The IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha content in serum and uterine tissues were increased significantly. The CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were also increased in the endometrium of toosendanin treated groups. In conclusion, toosendanin is pregnancy-toxic to animals and it is relevant to the increased contents of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lou Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Dingzhou, China
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Willis B, Eubanks LM, Dickerson TJ, Janda KD. The strange case of the botulinum neurotoxin: using chemistry and biology to modulate the most deadly poison. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8360-79. [PMID: 18844202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the classic novella "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde", Robert Louis Stevenson paints a stark picture of the duality of good and evil within a single man. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the most potent known toxin, possesses an analogous dichotomous nature: It shows a pronounced morbidity and mortality, but it is used with great effect in much lower doses in a wide range of clinical scenarios. Recently, tremendous strides have been made in the basic understanding of the structure and function of BoNT, which have translated into widespread efforts towards the discovery of biomacromolecules and small molecules that specifically modulate BoNT activity. Particular emphasis has been placed on the identification of inhibitors that can counteract BoNT exposure in the event of a bioterrorist attack. This Review summarizes the current advances in the development of therapeutics, including vaccines, peptides, and small-molecule inhibitors, for the prevention and treatment of botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Willis B, Eubanks L, Dickerson T, Janda K. Der seltsame Fall des Botulinum-Neurotoxins: chemische und biologische Modulierung des tödlichsten aller Gifte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang J, Feng G, Luo L, Yu XY, Ma ZQ, Feng JT, Liu XJ, Zhang X. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toosendanin. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shi YL, Li MF. Biological effects of toosendanin, a triterpenoid extracted from Chinese traditional medicine. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 82:1-10. [PMID: 17363132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is a triterpenoid extracted from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc, which was used as a digestive tract-parasiticide and agricultural insecticide in ancient China. TSN was demonstrated to be a selective presynaptic blocker and an effective antibotulismic agent. By interfering with neurotransmitter release through an initial facilitation followed by a subsequent depression, TSN eventually blocks synaptic transmission at both the neuro-muscular junction and central synapses. Despite sharing some similar actions with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), TSN has a marked antibotulismic effect in vivo and in vitro. Studies suggest that the antibotulismic effect of TSN is achieved by preventing BoNT from approaching its enzymatic substrate, the SNARE protein. It is also found that TSN can induce differentiation and apoptosis in several cell lines, and suppress proliferation of various human cancer cells. TSN inhibits various K(+)-channels, selectively facilitates Ca(2+)-influx via L-type Ca(2+) channels and increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The TSN-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase and overload could be responsible for the TSN-induced biphasic effect on transmitter release, cell differentiation, apoptosis as well as the cytoxicity of TSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Shi
- Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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Dickerson TJ, Janda KD. The use of small molecules to investigate molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for treatment of botulinum neurotoxin A intoxication. ACS Chem Biol 2006; 1:359-69. [PMID: 17163773 DOI: 10.1021/cb600179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are agents responsible for botulism, a disease characterized by peripheral neuromuscular blockade and subsequent flaccid paralysis. The potent paralytic ability of these toxins has resulted in their use as a therapeutic; however, BoNTs are also classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as one of the six highest-risk threat agents of bioterrorism. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism of BoNT toxicity is crucial before effective inhibitors and, ultimately, an approved drug can be developed. In this article, we systematically detail BoNT intoxication by examining each of the discrete steps in this process. Additionally, rationally designed strategies for combating the toxicity of the most potent BoNT serotype are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin J Dickerson
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Zhang B, Wang ZF, Tang MZ, Shi YL. Growth inhibition and apoptosis-induced effect on human cancer cells of toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative from chinese traditional medicine. Invest New Drugs 2006; 23:547-53. [PMID: 16034516 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-0909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from the barks of Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc, has been used as an anthelmintic vermifuge against ascaris for more than fifty years in China. In the present study, we investigated the growth inhibition and apoptosis-induced effect of toosendanin on human cancer cells. The result showed that toosendanin significantly suppressed the proliferation of tested human cancer cell lines. The IC(50) values were less than 1.7 x 10(-7) M and U937 was the most sensitive cell line with a IC(50) of 5.4 x 10(-9) M. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment of U937 cells with toosendanin resulted in a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of cells in the S phase with a concomitant decrease in cells processing to G(0)/G(1) phase. The growth inhibition of U937 cells after exposure to toosendanin was subsequently associated with the induction of apoptosis, as evidence by the typical condensed and fragmented nuclei, DNA fragmentation, and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of plasma membrane. All these results indicated that toosendanin could serve as a potential candidate for anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031 P. R. China
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Li MF, Shi YL. The long-term effect of toosendanin on current through nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in NG108-15 cells. Toxicon 2005; 45:53-60. [PMID: 15581683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toosendanin is a triterpenoid derivative extracted from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc. Previous studies demonstrated that toosendanin could block neurotransmission and stimulate PC12 cell into differentiation and apoptosis. These actions of toosendanin were suggested to result from a continuous increase in Ca2+ influx, which led to intracellular Ca2+ overload. Here, we observed the long-term effect of toosendanin on Ca2+ channels in NG108-15 cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Obtained data showed that a prolonged exposure to toosendanin induced a continuous increase in the Ca2+ influx in a concentration and time-dependent manner while a brief treatment induced an irreversible increase in Ca2+ influx in differentiated NG108-15 cells. The nifedipine-sensitive L-type currents were significantly increased after exposure to TSN while the nifedipine-resistant or omega-conotoxin MVIIC-sensitive currents were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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Tang MZ, Wang ZF, Shi YL. Involvement of cytochrome c release and caspase activation in toosendanin-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Toxicology 2004; 201:31-8. [PMID: 15297017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from a Chinese traditional medicine, could induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. In this study we confirmed the apoptosis-inducing effect of toosendanin in PC12 cells with new evidences in morphology and biochemistry: the shrinkage of cytosol, the condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and the formation of DNA ladder. It was also demonstrated that toosendanin decreased the PC12 cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. To elucidate the pathway linked with the toosendanin-induced apoptosis, the cytochrome c in the cytosol and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were examined. The obtained results showed that toosendanin caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and then led to the activation of caspase, indicating that the cytochrome c release and caspase activation were involved in the toosendanin-induced apoptosis process. These results suggested the possibility that toosendanin could serve as a candidate for anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian-Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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Li MF, Shi YL. Toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative, acts as a novel agonist of L-type Ca2+ channels in neonatal rat ventricular cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 501:71-8. [PMID: 15464064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative extracted from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc, was demonstrated to be potentially useful in medical and scientific researches. Here, we investigated the effects of toosendanin on L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in cultured neonatal rat ventricular cells, using whole-cell patch-clamp method. Toosendanin irreversibly increased L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca(L))) in a concentration-dependent manner and shifted the maximum of the current/voltage relationship from 8.3+/-3.7 to 1.7+/-3.7 mV, without modifying the threshold potential of the current. Toosendanin shifted the steady-state activation and inactivation curves to the left. The deactivation kinetics of the I(Ca(L)) was significantly slowed by toosendanin while the activation kinetics was not affected. The cells pretreated with 100 nM 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (S(-)-BayK8644) still respond to further addition of 87 microM toosendanin, and vice versa. These results prove toosendanin to be a novel L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist, which possesses a distinct binding site from BayK8644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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