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Hajjar M, Pourkerman M, Rezazadeh A, Yunus F, Rashidkhani B. Adherence to Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Iran. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:610-617. [PMID: 36436001 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2143536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few dietary patterns are related to reduce the Bladder Cancer (BC) risk. One of the well-known dietary patterns is the Mediterranean diet (MD). This case-control study investigated the association between MD and the odds of BC among Iranian population. The present case-control study was performed on 103 eligible cases and 200 controls age 45 to 92 years. Diet of participants was assessed by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to MD was measured by Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between MSDPS and risk of BC. After controlling for potential confounders, a negative association was observed between MSDPS and risk of BC (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.09-0.52; p trend = 0.001). Furthermore, significant negative associations were observed for dairy, fish and other seafood, whole-grain, bread intake and risk of BC (p for trend < 0.05). In contrast, the risk of BC increased for high intake of poultry (OR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.03-1.15; p trend = 0.003), sweets (OR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.03-1.48; p trend = 0.018) and egg (p for trend = 0.01). Our results suggested that dietary habit in concordance with the principles of the Mediterranean dietary pattern may protect against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Hajjar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Pourkerman
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezazadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faisel Yunus
- Department of Community Medicine, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Min K, Kim HT, Lee EH, Park H, Ha YS. Bacteria for Treatment: Microbiome in Bladder Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081783. [PMID: 35892683 PMCID: PMC9332069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains a variety of microbes. The distribution of microbes varies from organ to organ. Sequencing and bioinformatics techniques have revolutionized microbial research. Although previously considered to be sterile, the urinary bladder contains various microbes. Several studies have used urine and bladder tissues to reveal the microbiome of the urinary bladder. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus, are particularly beneficial for human health and are linked to bladder cancer. This review highlights the analysis protocols for microbiome research, the studies undertaken to date, and the microbes with therapeutic potential in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchan Min
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (Y.-S.H.)
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3
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Probiotic Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Dairy Products. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040825. [PMID: 33924561 PMCID: PMC8069045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli species are an effective biotherapeutic alternative against bacterial infections and intestinal inflammatory disorders. However, it is important to evaluate their beneficial properties, before considering them as probiotics for medical use. In this study we evaluated some probiotic properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLSD, Lactobacillus helveticus IMAU70129, and Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 previously isolated from dairy products and as control Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Experimental evaluations revealed that all strains expressed hydrophobicity (25–40%), auto-aggregation (55–60%), NaCl tolerance (1–4%), adhesion to Caco-2 cells (25–33%), partial inhibition on adherence of Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 23219. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Lactobacilli also inhibit growth of these pathogens. In immunomodulatory properties a reduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and nitric oxide (NO) release was observed in assays with Caco-2 cells stimulated with interleukin-1β (1 ng/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (0.1 µg/mL). On the other hand, the damage induced to Caco-2 cells with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was attenuated when the cultured cells were pretreated with L. rhamnosus KLDS, L. helveticus IMAU70129 and L. casei IMAU60214. These Lactobacilli possess probiotic properties determined by both an antagonistic activity on pathogenic bacteria and reduction in the inflammatory response of cells treated with SDS, a pro-inflammatory stimulant.
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Wang X, Tang Q, Hou H, Zhang W, Li M, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang B, Hou J, Liu Y, Cao H. Gut Microbiota in NSAID Enteropathy: New Insights From Inside. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679396. [PMID: 34295835 PMCID: PMC8290187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a class of the commonly used drugs in clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause a series of adverse events including gastrointestinal injuries. Besides upper gastrointestinal injuries, NSAID enteropathy also attracts attention with the introduction of capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy. However, the pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy remains to be entirely clarified. Growing evidence from basic and clinical studies presents that gut microbiota is a critical factor in NSAID enteropathy progress. We have reviewed the recent data about the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and NSAID enteropathy. The chronic medication of NSAIDs could change the composition of the intestinal bacteria and aggravate bile acids cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and destroying mitochondria. Subsequently, intestinal bacteria translocate into the mucosa, and then lipopolysaccharide released from gut microbiota combines to Toll-like receptor 4 and induce excessive production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intestinal injuries present in the condition of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. In this paper, we also have reviewed the possible strategies of regulating gut microbiota for the management of NSAID enteropathy, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, mucosal protective agents, and fecal microbiota transplant, and we emphasized the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors on NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of gut microbiota in NSAID enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqin Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
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Keane JM, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM, Hyland NP, Houston A. Microbial Metabolites as Molecular Mediators of Host-Microbe Symbiosis in Colorectal Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2020; 69:581-603. [PMID: 33263888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis between the gut microbiota and the host has been identified as an integral part of normal human physiology and physiological development. Research in germ-free or gnotobiotic animals has demonstrated the importance of this symbiosis in immune, vascular, hepatic, respiratory and metabolic systems. Disruption of the microbiota can also contribute to disease, and the microbiota has been implicated in numerous intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies including colorectal cancer. Interactions between host and microbiota can occur either directly or indirectly, via microbial-derived metabolites. In this chapter, we focus on two major products of microbial metabolism, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and their role in colorectal cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are the products of microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates and confer protection against cancer risk, while bile acids are compounds which are endogenous to the host, but undergo microbial modification in the large intestine leading to alterations in their bioactivity. Lastly, we discuss the ability of microbial modulation to mediate cancer risk and the potential to harness this ability as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Keane
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - N P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - A Houston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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6
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Rossi G, Pengo G, Galosi L, Berardi S, Tambella AM, Attili AR, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Jergens AE, Guard BC, Lidbury JA, Stainer JM, Crovace AM, Suchodolski JS. Effects of the Probiotic Mixture Slab51® (SivoMixx®) as Food Supplement in Healthy Dogs: Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota, Clinical Parameters and Immune Function. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:613. [PMID: 33102555 PMCID: PMC7499176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host. In humans and animals, manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria plays a significant role in modulating the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the probiotic mixture Slab51® and the capacity of this mixture to stimulate immune function in healthy dogs. Twenty dogs were divided in two groups and received a control diet or the same diet supplemented with a dose of 400 billion cfu of lyophilized bacteria for a period of 60 days. Body weight, food intake, body condition score (BCS), fecal score (FSS), fecal immunoglobulin IgA concentration, plasma IgG concentration, and fecal microbiota composition were monitored. Weight, food intake, BCS, FSS, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the treatment in both groups of animals. The fecal microbiota showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus organisms (p < 0.05). Fecal IgA and plasma IgG levels were significantly higher in the group receiving the probiotic compared to healthy controls. These data show that dietary supplementation with the probiotic mixture Slab51® is safe and well-tolerated, modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and enhancing specific immune functions in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | | | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Albert E Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M Stainer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinic Section and Animal Production - Veterinary Hospital, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Pei F, Ji M, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Hong Y, Wang X, Tian J, Wang Y. Patients With LR-HPV Infection Have a Distinct Vaginal Microbiota in Comparison With Healthy Controls. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:294. [PMID: 31555603 PMCID: PMC6722871 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a benign epithelium hyperplasia mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is now the second most common viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in China. In total, 90% of CA patients are caused by the low-risk HPV 6 and 11. Aside from low-risk HPV infection there are likely other factors within the local microenvironment that contribute to CA and there has been related research before. In this study, 62 vaginal specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity of the vaginal microbiota was higher and the composition was different with LR-HPV infection. While the relative abundance of dominant Firmicutes was lower, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria phyla were significantly higher; at the genus level Gardnerella, Bifidobacterium, Sneathia, Hydrogenophilus, Burkholderia, and Atopobium were higher. This study firstly confirmed a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the relationship between low-risk HPV infection and vaginal microbiota, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the occurrence and development of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhou
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong LaiBo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyan Pei
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyu Ji
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yatian Hong
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Arora M, Baldi A, Kapila N, Bhandari S, Jeet K. Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Colon Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Future Approaches. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180724122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common and most diagnosed types of cancer. It is a
major cause of increased rate of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Currently, the focus has
been shifted towards natural remedies for the treatment of colon cancer. These new methods of
treatment include prebiotics and probiotics, as they offer great potential for alleviating symptoms
of cancer. These are more promising and have lesser side effects than existing medications. Probiotics
are living organisms which confer health benefits when ingested into adequate amounts.
Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients which promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, which
produce metabolites for stimulation of apoptosis of colonic cancer cell lines. Apart from it,
prebiotics are helpful to modify the activity of enzymes to be produced by beneficial bacteria as
well as for inhibition of several bacteria able to produce carcinogenic enzymes. This review has
been collated to present tremendous benefits and future potential of pro- and prebiotics in the
treatment of colon cancer and to overview the mechanisms of probiotic actions along with their
impact on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Arora
- Multi Disciplinary Research Unit, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Nitesh Kapila
- Department of Quality Assurance, Faculty of Pharmacy, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saurav Bhandari
- Department of Quality Assurance, Faculty of Pharmacy, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Jeet
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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9
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New biological activity of the polysaccharide fraction from Cantharellus cibarius and its structural characterization. Food Chem 2018; 268:355-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pulikkan J, Maji A, Dhakan DB, Saxena R, Mohan B, Anto MM, Agarwal N, Grace T, Sharma VK. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Indian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:1102-1114. [PMID: 29564487 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a term associated with a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. The etiology of ASD is not yet completely understood; however, a disorder in the gut-brain axis is emerging as a prominent factor leading to autism. To identify the taxonomic composition and markers associated with ASD, we compared the fecal microbiota of 30 ASD children diagnosed using Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score, DSM-5 approved AIIMS-modified INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder (INDT-ASD), and Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) tool, with family-matched 24 healthy children from Indian population using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Our study showed prominent dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of ASD children, with higher relative abundances of families Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteraceae, and Veillonellaceae, whereas the gut microbiome of healthy children was dominated by the family Prevotellaceae. Comparative meta-analysis with a publicly available dataset from the US population consisting of 20 ASD and 20 healthy control samples from children of similar age, revealed a significantly high abundance of genus Lactobacillus in ASD children from both the populations. The results reveal the microbial dysbiosis and an association of selected Lactobacillus species with the gut microbiome of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Pulikkan
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Abhijit Maji
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Darshan Bharat Dhakan
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Rituja Saxena
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Binoop Mohan
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Milu Maria Anto
- Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Pudukad, Kerala, India
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Department of Paediatrics and Neurology, Mahaveer Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
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Zhang H, Yeh C, Jin Z, Ding L, Liu BY, Zhang L, Dannelly HK. Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:113-120. [PMID: 29900424 PMCID: PMC5995450 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is an important environmental factor for human health with evolutionarily conserved roles in immunity, metabolism, development, and behavior of the host. Probiotic organisms are claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of immune system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a probiotic supplementation on adult volunteers who have contracted the common cold four or more times in the past year. This study is a single center, double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective trial. Subjects received a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus paracasei (at least 3 × 107 colony forming units (CFU) ml-1), Lactobacillus casei 431® (at least 3 × 107 CFU ml-1) and Lactobacillus fermentium PCC® (at least 3 × 106 CFU ml-1) or an identical placebo without probiotics for a 12-week study period. The consumption of probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of upper respiratory infection (p < 0.023) and flu-like symptoms with an oral temperature higher than 38 °C (p < 0.034) as compared to the placebo group. Subjects that consumed probiotics demonstrated a significantly higher level of IFN-γ in the serum (p < 0.001) and sIgA in the gut (p < 0.010) as compared to the placebo group and a significant higher level of serum IFN-γ (p < 0.001) and gut sIgA (p < 0.001) as compared to their baseline test results. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the serum IL-4, IL-10, IgA, IgG or IgM between the probiotics and the placebo groups. Results of this study demonstrated that probiotics were safe and effective for fighting the common cold and influenza-like respiratory infections by boosting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10020, China
| | - Chiajung Yeh
- Hangzhou Weiquan Foods Co., LTD R&D Center, 1688 Wu Zhong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Zonglian Jin
- College of Applied Arts and Science of Beijing Union University, 197 Bei Tu Cheng West Road, Haitian District, Beijing, 100108, China
| | - Liwei Ding
- Hangzhou Weiquan Foods Co., LTD R&D Center, 1688 Wu Zhong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Bryan Y. Liu
- Indiana State University, Department of Biology, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- SPRIM China, 100 Zunyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - H. Kathleen Dannelly
- Indiana State University, Department of Biology, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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12
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Microbiome. Bladder Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809939-1.00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Bottari B, Felis GE, Salvetti E, Castioni A, Campedelli I, Torriani S, Bernini V, Gatti M. Effective identification of Lactobacillus casei group species: genome-based selection of the gene mutL as the target of a novel multiplex PCR assay. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:950-960. [PMID: 28721852 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillusrhamnosus form a closely related taxonomic group (the L. casei group) within the facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli. Strains of these species have been used for a long time as probiotics in a wide range of products, and they represent the dominant species of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria in ripened cheeses, where they contribute to flavour development. The close genetic relationship among those species, as well as the similarity of biochemical properties of the strains, hinders the development of an adequate selective method to identify these bacteria. Despite this being a hot topic, as demonstrated by the large amount of literature about it, the results of different proposed identification methods are often ambiguous and unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to develop a more robust species-specific identification assay for differentiating the species of the L. casei group. A taxonomy-driven comparative genomic analysis was carried out to select the potential target genes whose similarity could better reflect genome-wide diversity. The gene mutL appeared to be the most promising one and, therefore, a novel species-specific multiplex PCR assay was developed to rapidly and effectively distinguish L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus strains. The analysis of a collection of 76 wild dairy isolates, previously identified as members of the L. casei group combining the results of multiple approaches, revealed that the novel designed primers, especially in combination with already existing ones, were able to improve the discrimination power at the species level and reveal previously undiscovered intraspecific biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bottari
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 49/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Interdepartmental Dairy Center - MILC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna E Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Salvetti
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna Castioni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Present address: Panificio Zorzi S.r.l., Loc. Brà 1, 37020 Brentino Belluno, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Campedelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 49/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 49/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Interdepartmental Dairy Center - MILC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Otani K, Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Shimada S, Nadatani Y, Nagami Y, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Yamagami H, Shiba M, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Arakawa T. Microbiota Plays a Key Role in Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Small Intestinal Damage. Digestion 2017; 95:22-28. [PMID: 28052268 DOI: 10.1159/000452356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) damage the small intestine by causing multiple erosions and ulcers. However, to date, no established therapies and prophylactic agents are available to treat such damages. We reviewed the role of intestinal microbiota in NSAID-induced intestinal damage and identified potential therapeutic candidates. SUMMARY The composition of the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the pathophysiology of NSAID-induced small intestinal damage. Once mucosal barrier function is disrupted due to NSAID-induced prostaglandin deficiency and mitochondrial malfunction, lipopolysaccharide from luminal gram-negative bacteria and high mobility group box 1 from the injured epithelial cells activate toll-like receptor 4-signaling pathway and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome; this leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often used for the prevention of NSAID-induced injuries to the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, several studies indicate that PPIs may induce dysbiosis, which may exacerbate the NSAID-induced small intestinal damage. Our recent research suggests that probiotics and rebamipide could be used to prevent NSAID-induced small intestinal damage by regulating the intestinal microbiota. Key Messages: Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in NSAID-induced small intestinal damage, and modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Dorostkar R, Hashemzadeh MS, Jafari S, Tat M, Ghalavand M, Asghari MH, Moloudizargari M. Immunotherapeutic efficacy of a Lactobacillus casei lysate as an adjuvant combined with a heated-4T1 mammary carcinoma cell lysate in a murine model of breast cancer. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.1004.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy, during which the immune system of the patient is manipulated to act against tumors has been among the most successful methods in the treatment of breast cancer, a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide.
Objectives
To investigate the immunotherapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus casei lysate as an adjuvant in combination with a heated-4T1 mammary carcinoma cell lysate in a model of breast cancer.
Methods
After ethics committee approval of all animal procedures, a murine model of breast cancer was induced in BALB/c mice using 4T1 cells. These mice were immunized with a combination of lysates of heated 4T1 cells and L. casei. Subsequent changes in tumor size and weight, and the production of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, and IL13 were measured. Lung weights were measured as an indicator of metastasis to other organs.
Results
The tumor size and weight in mice immunized with the combined vaccine were significantly reduced compared with controls. The combined immunotherapy altered the pattern of cytokine production to the advantage of antitumor immunity, and was significantly more potent than immunization with heated-4T1-cell lysate or L. casei lysate alone.
Conclusions
Coadministration of L. casei lysate enhanced the immunotherapeutic efficacy of the heated-4T1-cell lysate as a source of tumor-associated antigens. L. casei can potentially be used as an adjuvant combined with sources of tumor antigens in the treatment of cancers, and as a safe alternative to the current adjuvants that cause greater irritation to hosts. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 14351 , Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Jafari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Urmia University , Urmia 57153 , Iran
| | - Mahdi Tat
- Applied Virology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 14351 , Iran
| | - Majdedin Ghalavand
- Applied Virology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 14351 , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol 47176 , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 14155 , Iran
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 19839 , Iran
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16
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Kumar R, Dhanda S. Mechanistic Insight of Probiotics Derived Anticancer Pharmaceuticals: A Road Forward for Cancer Therapeutics. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:375-380. [PMID: 28107082 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1267773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are living organisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics are continuously being explored for their different health beneficiary activities. Anticancer activity is one of the most important benefits both from a preventive and therapeutic point of view. Though not many studies have been conducted to date in this area, a number suggest using laboratory animal models and different cell lines that there may be a mechanistic basis for the anticancer effects of probiotics and require more scientific justification and clinical trials. Most studies of probiotics are conducted for colon cancer associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Studies are also being extended to other types of cancer in different cell lines. This review summarizes studied probiotics considered for treatment of colon cancer and some other cancers (in cancer cell lines) and also proposed mechanism how probiotics are inhibiting cancer growth along with some challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra , India
| | - Suman Dhanda
- a Department of Biochemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra , India
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17
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Riaz Rajoka MS, Shi J, Zhu J, Shao D, Huang Q, Yang H, Jin M. Capacity of lactic acid bacteria in immunity enhancement and cancer prevention. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:35-45. [PMID: 27888334 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are associated with the human gastrointestinal tract. They are important for maintaining the balance of microflora in the human gut. An increasing number of published research reports in recent years have denoted the importance of producing interferon-gamma and IgA for treatment of disease. These agents can enhance the specific and nonspecific immune systems that are dependent on specific bacterial strains. The mechanisms of these effects were revealed in this investigation, where the cell walls of these bacteria were modulated by the cytokine pathways, while the whole bacterial cell mediated the host cell immune system and regulated the production of tumor necrosis factors and interleukins. A supplement of highly active lactic acid bacteria strains provided significant potential to enhance host's immunity, offering prevention from many diseases including some cancers. This review summarizes the current understanding of the function of lactic acid bacteria immunity enhancement and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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18
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Haza AI, Zabala A, Arranz N, Morales P. Protective Effect of a Lactobacillus salivarius Strain of Human Origin. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of a Lactobacillus salivariusstrain from human faeces (HA8) was evaluated against the cytotoxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. L. salivariusHA8 strain showed a moderate protective effect against NPYR and weak against NDBA and NPIP. No protective effect against cytotoxicity of NDMA was observed at the bacterial population used. To test the effect of L. salivariusHA8 on cytokine production (interleukin-1 ± (IL-1 ±), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-≥)), the human macrophage cell line (THP-1) was cultured in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). L. salivariusHA8 induced IL-1 ±, IL-8 and TNF-≥ releases when cells were stimulating with and without LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. Arranz
- Departamento de NutriciÛn, BromatologÌa y TecnologÌa de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Morales
- Departamento de NutriciÛn, BromatologÌa y TecnologÌa de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Yarnell E, Philhower M. Naturopathic Approach. Integr Cancer Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735404274348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Philhower
- 6300 Ninth Ave NE, Ste 362, Seattle, WA 98115, Tel: 206-526-7026, Fax: 206-526-7058
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20
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Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Struszczak L. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota ingestion on common cold infection and herpes virus antibodies in endurance athletes: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1555-63. [PMID: 27294502 PMCID: PMC4943997 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims To assess evidence of health and immune benefit by consumption of a Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic in highly physically active people. Methods Single-centre, population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Daily ingestion of probiotic (PRO) or placebo (PLA) for 20 weeks for n = 243 (126 PRO, 117 PLA) university athletes and games players. Subjects completed validated questionnaires on upper respiratory tract infection symptoms (URS) on a daily basis and on physical activity status at weekly intervals during the intervention period. Blood samples were collected before and after 20 weeks of the intervention for determination of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and antibody levels. Results URS episode incidence was unexpectedly low (mean 0.6 per individual) and was not significantly different on PRO compared with PLA. URS episode duration and severity were also not influenced by PRO. A significant time × group interaction effect was observed for plasma CMV antibody titres in CMV seropositive participants (p < 0.01) with antibody titre falling in the PRO group but remaining unchanged in the PLA group over time. A similar effect was found for plasma EBV antibody titres in EBV seropositive participants (p < 0.01) with antibody titre falling in the PRO group but increasing in the PLA group over time. Conclusions In summary, regular ingestion of PRO did not reduce URS episode incidence which might be attributable to the low URS incidence in this study. Regular ingestion of PRO reduced plasma CMV and EBV antibody titres, an effect that can be interpreted as a benefit to overall immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gleeson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 3TU, UK.
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 3TU, UK
| | - Lauren Struszczak
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 3TU, UK
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21
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Fang J, Long L, Maeda H. Enhancement of Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Bacteria with Nitroglycerin Involving Augmentation of the EPR Effect. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1409:9-23. [PMID: 26846798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3515-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacteria, about 1 μm in size, is now becoming an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. Solid tumors exhibit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for biocompatible macromolecules such as polymer-conjugated anticancer agents, liposomes, and micelles. This phenomenon permits tumor-selective delivery of such macromolecules. We report here that bacteria injected intravenously evidenced a property similar to that can of these macromolecules. Bacteria that can accumulate selectively in tumors may therefore be used in cancer treatment.Facultative or anaerobic bacteria will grow even under the hypoxic conditions present in solid tumors. We found earlier that nitric oxide (NO) was among the most important factors that facilitated the EPR effect via vasodilatation, opening of endothelial cell junction gaps, and increasing the blood flow of hypovascular tumors. Here, we describe the augmentation of the EPR effect by means of nitroglycerin (NG), a commonly used NO donor, using various macromolecular agents in different tumor models. More importantly, we report that NG significantly enhanced the delivery of Lactobacillus casei to tumors after intravenous injection of the bacteria, more than a tenfold increase in bacterial accumulation in tumors after NG treatment. This finding suggests that NG has a potential advantage to enhance bacterial therapy of cancer, and further investigations of this possibility are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery System, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Liao Long
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery System, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery System, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-0082, Japan. .,Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-0082, Japan.
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22
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Abedin-Do A, Taherian-Esfahani Z, Ghafouri-Fard S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E. Immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus strains: emphasis on their effects on cancer cells. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:1307-29. [PMID: 26595390 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are a group of normal microbiota whose immunomodulatory effects have been known for a long time. Recently, they have gained more attention for their direct and indirect effects on cancer cells. Several cell line experiments, animal model studies as well as clinical trials have indicated their inhibitory effects on cancer initiation and progression. Different lactobacilli strains could modulate innate and adoptive immune system. Such effects have been documented in modulation of function of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages as well as cytokine production. In this review, the various immunomodulatory effects of lactobacilli on tumor cells as well as their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Abedin-Do
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Di Cerbo A, Palmieri B, Aponte M, Morales-Medina JC, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:187-203. [PMID: 26578541 PMCID: PMC4789713 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and immunological functions. For many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective therapy for treatment of several pathological conditions displaying an overall positive safety profile. This review summarises the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of lactobacilli. We searched Pubmed/Medline using the keyword ‘Lactobacillus’. Selected papers from 1950 to 2015 were chosen on the basis of their content. Relevant clinical and experimental articles using lactobacilli as therapeutic agents have been included. Applications of lactobacilli include kidney support for renal insufficiency, pancreas health, management of metabolic imbalance, and cancer treatment and prevention. In vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that prolonged lactobacilli administration induces qualitative and quantitative modifications in the human gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem with encouraging perspectives in counteracting pathology-associated physiological and immunological changes. Few studies have highlighted the risk of translocation with subsequent sepsis and bacteraemia following probiotic administration but there is still a lack of investigations on the dose effect of these compounds. Great care is thus required in the choice of the proper Lactobacillus species, their genetic stability and the translocation risk, mainly related to inflammatory disease-induced gut mucosa enhanced permeability. Finally, we need to determine the adequate amount of bacteria to be delivered in order to achieve the best clinical efficacy decreasing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Aponte
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Akoglu B, Loytved A, Nuiding H, Zeuzem S, Faust D. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves kidney function, inflammation and bowel movements in hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis – A prospective study. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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25
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Liu YW, Fu TY, Peng WS, Chen YH, Cao YM, Chen CC, Hung WL, Tsai YC. Evaluation of the potential anti-allergic effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus paracasei V0151 in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:697-705. [PMID: 26192907 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei V0151 (V0151), isolated from the faeces of a child, to modulate immune responses was investigated. In RAW 264.7 cells expressing an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-directed luciferase gene, heat-inactivated V0151 stimulated iNOS expression followed by nitric oxide production. V0151 significantly elevated interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-1β production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In splenocytes isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised BALB/c mice treated with OVA and V0151 at different bacterium-to-cell ratios (1:1, 10:1, and 20:1) for 96 h, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production was dose-dependently downregulated, whereas IL-12 was dose-dependently upregulated. Collectively, our findings indicate that V0151 might regulate pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages and splenocytes. Furthermore, the T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) balance was also skewed toward Th1 dominance through the elevation of Th1 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Liu
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - T Y Fu
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,2 Probiotics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - W S Peng
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,2 Probiotics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Y H Chen
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,2 Probiotics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Y M Cao
- 3 Want Want China Holdings Ltd., No.1088, East Hond Song Rd., Shanghai 201103, China P.R
| | - C C Chen
- 3 Want Want China Holdings Ltd., No.1088, East Hond Song Rd., Shanghai 201103, China P.R
| | - W L Hung
- 3 Want Want China Holdings Ltd., No.1088, East Hond Song Rd., Shanghai 201103, China P.R
| | - Y C Tsai
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,2 Probiotics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, BeiTou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation. Our immune system protects us from pathogenic microbes at the same time that our bodies are host to trillions of microbes, symbionts, mutualists, and some that are essential to human health. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models have played an important role in elucidating the causation and establishing the mechanism of bacteria-induced mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In this review, we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to investigate links between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and have helped to reveal the mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. Although there is a paucity of published studies demonstrating the interplay between the microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that the connection is real and that it can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and to improve the prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
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27
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Martín MJ, Lara-Villoslada F, Ruiz MA, Morales ME. Microencapsulation of bacteria: A review of different technologies and their impact on the probiotic effects. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lee JY, Chu SH, Jeon JY, Lee MK, Park JH, Lee DC, Lee JW, Kim NK. Effects of 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation on quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:1126-32. [PMID: 25442120 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics may help resolve bowel symptoms and improve quality of life. We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of probiotics administration in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The participants took probiotics (Lacidofil) or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks. The cancer-related quality of life (FACT), patient's health-9 (PHQ-9), and bowel symptom questionnaires were completed by each participant. RESULTS We obtained data for 32 participants in the placebo group and 28 participants in the probiotics group. The mean ages of total participants were 56.18 ± .86 years and 58.3% were male. Administration of probiotics significantly decreased the proportion of patients suffering from irritable bowel symptoms (0 week vs. 12 week; 67.9% vs. 45.7%, p=0.03), improved colorectal cancer-related FACT (baseline vs. 12 weeks: 19.79 ± 4.66 vs. 21.18 ± 3.67, p=0.04) and fatigue-related FACT (baseline vs. 12 weeks: 43.00 (36.50-45.50) vs. 44.50 (38.50-49.00), p=0.02) and PHQ-9 scores (0 weeks vs. 12 weeks; 3.00 (0-8.00) vs. 1.00 (0-3.00), p=0.01). We found significant differences in changes of the proportion of patients with bowel symptoms (p<0.05), functional well-being scores (p=0.04) and cancer-related FACT scores (p=0.04) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Probiotics improved bowel symptoms and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University, College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Biobehavioural Research Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Sports Medicine Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Sports Medicine Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Sports Medicine Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Kyu Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Probiotic organisms are claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of immune system. This review is presented to provide detailed informations about how probiotics stimulate our immune system. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12, Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, Bifidobacterium lactis DR10, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii are the most investigated probiotic cultures for their immunomodulation properties. Probiotics can enhance nonspecific cellular immune response characterized by activation of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in strain-specific and dose-dependent manner. Mixture and type (gram-positive and gram-negative) of probiotic organisms may induce different cytokine responses. Supplementation of probiotic organisms in infancy could help prevent immune-mediated diseases in childhood, whereas their intervention in pregnancy could affect fetal immune parameters, such as cord blood interferon (IFN)-γ levels, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels, and breast milk immunoglobulin (Ig)A. Probiotics that can be delivered via fermented milk or yogurt could improve the gut mucosal immune system by increasing the number of IgA(+) cells and cytokine-producing cells in the effector site of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashraf
- a Faculty of Health Engineering and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Victoria University , Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428 , Melbourne , Victoria , 8001 , Australia
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Yamamoto ML, Schiestl RH. Lymphoma caused by intestinal microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9038-49. [PMID: 25257357 PMCID: PMC4199005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must constantly communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation: on the one hand, our immune system should protect us from pathogenic microbes and on the other hand, most of the millions of microbes in and on our body are innocuous symbionts and some can even be beneficial. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models played an important role in establishing causation and mechanism of bacteria-induced MALT lymphoma. In this review we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to establish a link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and how animal models have helped to elucidate mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. While there are not a plethora of studies demonstrating a connection between microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that animal models are a system which can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and improve prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko L Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Environmental Health and Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Department of Pathology, Environmental Health and Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Fang J, Liao L, Yin H, Nakamura H, Shin T, Maeda H. Enhanced bacterial tumor delivery by modulating the EPR effect and therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus casei. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3235-43. [PMID: 25041982 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of micrometer size could accumulate in tumor based on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. We report here Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), a nonpathogenic facultatively anaerobic bacterium, preferentially accumulated in tumor tissues after intravenously (i.v.) injection; at 24 h, live bacteria were found more in the tumor, whereas the bacteria in normal tissues including the liver and spleen were cleared rapidly. The tumor-selective accumulation and growth of L. casei is probably due to the EPR effect and the hypoxic tumor environment. Moreover, the bacterial tumor delivery was significantly increased by a nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin (NG, 10-70 times) and an angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril (6-18 times). Consequently significant suppression of tumor growth was found in a colon cancer C26 model, and more remarkable antitumor effect was achieved when L. casei was combined with NG, probably by modulating the host nonspecific immune responses; tumor necrosis factor-α significantly increased in tumor after the treatment, as well as NO synthase activity and myleoperoxidase activity. These findings suggest the potential of L. casei as a candidate for targeted bacterial antitumor therapy, especially in combine with NG or other vascular mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
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Wang SM, Zhang LW, Fan RB, Han X, Yi HX, Zhang LL, Xue CH, Li HB, Zhang YH, Shigwedha N. Induction of HT-29 cells apoptosis by lactobacilli isolated from fermented products. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:202-14. [PMID: 24631592 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A total of 138 lactobacillus strains were obtained from the traditional fermented foods of minority nationalities or infant faeces, respectively. The lactobacillus strains were screened for anticancer effects and probiotic potential. The results showed that 10 strains exerted anti-proliferative activity and higher adhering capability on HT-29 cells. They were then screened for resistance to biological barriers (acid and bile salts), and the four most promising strains were selected. Further analysis revealed that the 4 strains (cell walls and cytoplasm extracts) displayed the high anti-proliferative activity and the large extent of DNA strand breakage in individual cells. Through the selected procedure, cell walls that were extracted from X12, M5 and K14 strains induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Further investigation confirmed that apoptosis-inducing ability of cell wall extracts was attributed to the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is a known initiation of apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. Cell walls from X12, M5 and K14 strains, were determined to be less harmful to noncancerous Vero cells than to human colon cancer HT-29 cells. These findings suggested that X12, M5 and K14 strains opposing the ability to induce HT-29 cells apoptosis, and cell wall extracts were involved in this apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Harbin University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lan-Wei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Rong-Bo Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Food Science & Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xue Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hua-Xi Yi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Chao-Hui Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yan-He Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Nditange Shigwedha
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; University of Namibia, Department of Food Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract account for 25 % of all cancers and for 9 % of all causes of cancer death in the world, so gastrointestinal cancers represent a major health problem. In the past decades, an emerging role has been attributed to the interactions between the gastrointestinal content and the onset of neoplasia. METHODS Thus, exogenous microbial administration of peculiar bacterial strains (probiotics) has been suggested as having a profound influence on multiple processes associated with a change in cancer risk. Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that might beneficially affect the host by improving the characteristics of indigenous microflora. Although the effects of probiotic administration has been intensively investigated in vitro, in animal models, in healthy volunteers, and in some human gastrointestinal diseases, very little is still known about the possible cross-interactions among probiotic administration, changes of intestinal flora, and the neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa. RESULTS Theoretically, probiotics are able to reduce cancer risk by a number of mechanisms: (a) binding and degradation of potential carcinogens; (b) quantitative, qualitative and metabolic alterations of the intestinal microflora; (c) production of anti-tumorigenic or anti-mutagenic compounds; (d) competitive action towards pathogenic bacteria; (e) enhancement of the host's immune response; (f) direct effects on cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This review will attempt to highlight the literature on the most widely recognized effects of probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa and in particular on their effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS S de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Chong ESL. A potential role of probiotics in colorectal cancer prevention: review of possible mechanisms of action. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:351-74. [PMID: 24068536 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of investigations, mainly using in vitro and animal models, have demonstrated a wide range of possible mechanisms, by which probiotics may play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. In this context, the most well studied probiotics are certain strains from the genera of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The reported anti-CRC mechanisms of probiotics encompass intraluminal, systemic, and direct effects on intestinal mucosa. Intraluminal effects detailed in this review include competitive exclusion of pathogenic intestinal flora, alteration of intestinal microflora enzyme activity, reduction of carcinogenic secondary bile acids, binding of carcinogens and mutagens, and increasing short chain fatty acids production. Reduction of DNA damage and suppression of aberrant crypt foci formation have been well demonstrated as direct anti-CRC effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosa. Existing evidence clearly support a multifaceted immunomodulatory role of probiotics in CRC, particularly its ability to modulate intestinal inflammation, a well known risk factor for CRC. The effectiveness of probiotics in CRC prevention is dependent on the strain of the microorganism, while viability may not be a prerequisite for certain probiotic anticancer mechanisms, as indicated by several studies. Emerging data suggest synbiotic as a more effective approach than either prebiotics or probiotics alone. More in vivo especially human studies are warranted to further elucidate and confirm the potential role of probiotics (viable and non-viable), prebiotics and synbiotics in CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Swee Lan Chong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, PO Box 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand,
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35
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Pesee M, Kirdpon W, Puapairoj A, Kirdpon S, Prathnadi P. Palliative treatment of advanced cervical cancer with radiotherapy and thai herbal medicine as supportive remedy - analysis of survival. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:1593-6. [PMID: 23679241 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate outcomes using a Thai herbal medicine, Vilac Plus (G716/45) with standard radiotherapy in comparison with historic controls from literature reports of the results of treatment in stage IIIB cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2003 and June 2005, thirty patients with advanced cervical cancer stage IIIB-IV who had a poor performance status were treated by palliative radiotherapy along with an adjuvant daily dose of 15-30 ml of Thai herbal tonic solution (Vilac Plus G716/45) administered orally three times after meals as an additional supportive therapy. The results were analyzed from the aspect of the overall survival rates with curves estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The median follow -up time for stage IIIB was 4.2 years with a range of 7.9 months - 6.1 years. The overall 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates for stage IIIB were 88%, 60% and 52%. CONCLUSIONS The overall 5 year survival rate for stage IIIB with a poor performance status was 52% when compared with 34-54.8% for historic controls. The combined complementary palliative radiotherapy (CCPR) had low rates of radiation morbidity. It was a simple technique and feasible for developing countries. The pilot study was limited by the small number of patients and further research will be necessary to assess interrelated and confounding factors in treatment of cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montien Pesee
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Davoodi H, Esmaeili S, Mortazavian A. Effects of Milk and Milk Products Consumption on Cancer: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Davoodi
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietology; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Inst.; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences; Food Science and Technology; Shahid Beheshti Univ. of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19395-4741; Tehran; Iran
| | - S. Esmaeili
- Young Researchers Club; Varamin-Pishva Branch; Islamic Azad Univ.; Varamin; Iran
| | - A.M. Mortazavian
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Inst.; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences; Food Science and Technology; Shahid Beheshti Univ. of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran; Iran
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Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactococcus lactis A17 from Taiwan Fermented Cabbage in OVA-Sensitized BALB/c Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:287803. [PMID: 23401710 PMCID: PMC3564272 DOI: 10.1155/2013/287803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
From fermented Taiwan foods, we have isolated numerous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of plant origin and investigated their biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect and mechanism of Lactococcus lactis A17 (A17), isolated from Taiwan fermented cabbage, on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to verify immune responses of A17 by IFN-γ production. Live (A17-A) and heat-killed A17 (A17-H) were orally administered to OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice to investigate their effects on immunoglobulin (Ig) and cytokine production. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like protein receptors in spleen cells was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Both live and heat-killed A17 modulate OVA-induced allergic effects. B-cell response was modulated by diminishing IgE production and raising OVA-specific IgG2a production, while T-cell response was modulated by increasing IFN-γ production and decreasing IL-4 production. The mRNA expression of NOD-1, NOD-2, and TLR-4 was down-regulated by A17 as well. This is the first report to describe a naïve Lactococcus lactis A17 strain as a promising candidate for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of allergic diseases via oral administration. Our results suggest the ameliorative effects of A17 may be caused by modulating NOD-1 NOD-2, and TLR-4 expression.
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Uccello M, Malaguarnera G, Basile F, D'agata V, Malaguarnera M, Bertino G, Vacante M, Drago F, Biondi A. Potential role of probiotics on colorectal cancer prevention. BMC Surg 2012; 12 Suppl 1:S35. [PMID: 23173670 PMCID: PMC3499195 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-12-s1-s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer represents the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Owing to differences in dietary habits and lifestyle, this neoplasm is more common in industrialized countries than in developing ones. Evidence from a wide range of sources supports the assumption that the link between diet and colorectal cancer may be due to an imbalance of the intestinal microflora. Discussion Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host, and they have been investigated for their protective anti-tumor effects. In vivo and molecular studies have displayed encouraging findings that support a role of probiotics in colorectal cancer prevention. Summary Several mechanisms could explain the preventive action of probiotics against colorectal cancer onset. They include: alteration of the intestinal microflora; inactivation of cancerogenic compounds; competition with putrefactive and pathogenic microbiota; improvement of the host’s immune response; anti-proliferative effects via regulation of apoptosis and cell differentiation; fermentation of undigested food; inhibition of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Uccello
- International PhD programme in Neuropharmacology, University of Catania, Italy
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Dwivedi A, Nomikou N, Nigam PS, McHale AP. The effects of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei on tumour cell growth: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Med Microbiol 2012; 302:293-9. [PMID: 23072864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that the micro-milieu of solid tumours provides an ideal environment for growth of facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria, and it has been shown that certain species including Lactobacillus and Clostridium can colonise those environments leading to regression of tumour growth. Such observations have given rise to the concept of bacteriolytic therapy where live microorganisms might be employed to colonise the tumour and exert a tumorolytic effect. In choosing such an approach, it would be advantageous to exploit a relatively non-pathogenic strain and provide some form of containment that would enable site-specific injection and minimise dispersion of the microorganism throughout the host. In testing the feasibility of such an approach, we prepared microencapsulated formulations of Lactobacillus casei NCDO 161 and demonstrated that conditioned extra-capsular culture media were toxic to tumour cells in vitro. We further investigated the effects of the microencapsulated formulations on tumour growth in vivo following direct intra-tumoural injection. The study demonstrates significant inhibition of tumour growth in vivo by these formulations and suggests potential therapeutic benefit of this approach in the treatment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ulster, Cromore Rd., Coleraine, Co. Derry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
While several effects beneficial to health have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most interesting and controversial remains that of anti-cancer activity. The vast majority of studies in this area deal with protective effects against colon cancer. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in human subjects as a result of the consumption of probiotic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies. Reports in the literature, regarding the anti-cancer effects of lactic acid bacteria, fall into the following categories: in vitro studies, animal studies, epidemiological studies and human dietary intervention studies. Examples of these reports will be given in the present review. The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may inhibit colon cancer are still poorly understood. However, several potential mechanisms are being discussed in the literature and these will also be addressed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Van Puyenbroeck K, Hens N, Coenen S, Michiels B, Beunckens C, Molenberghs G, Van Royen P, Verhoeven V. Efficacy of daily intake of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on respiratory symptoms and influenza vaccination immune response: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy elderly nursing home residents. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1165-71. [PMID: 22440853 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is associated with immune dysregulation, which results in an increased infection rate and reduced effectiveness of vaccination. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether an intervention with Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) in elderly nursing home residents reduced their susceptibility to respiratory symptoms and improved their immune response to influenza vaccination. DESIGN Between October 2007 and April 2008, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 737 healthy people aged ≥ 65 y in 53 nursing homes in Antwerp, Belgium. Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a probiotic (n = 375; 2 bottles of fermented milk that contained ≥ 6.5 × 10(9) live LcS/bottle) or a placebo (n = 362; similar drink with no bacteria) for 176 d. After 21 d, all subjects received an influenza vaccination. Primary outcome parameters were the number of days with respiratory symptoms, the probability of respiratory symptoms, and antiinfluenza antibody titer by hemagglutination inhibition after vaccination. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate modeling showed no effect of the probiotic on clinical outcome parameters. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed no effect of the probiotic itself on the probability of respiratory symptoms [OR of probiotic: 0.8715; 95% CI: 0.6168, 1.2887). No significant difference regarding the influenza-vaccination immune response was shown. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that daily consumption of a fermented milk drink that contains LcS has no statistically or clinically significant effect on the protection against respiratory symptoms. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00849277.
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Martínez-Gómez F, Fuentes-Castro BE, Bautista-Garfias CR. The intraperitoneal inoculation of Lactobacillus casei in mice induces total protection against Trichinella spiralis infection at low challenge doses. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1609-17. [PMID: 21541750 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The following effects of Lactobacillus casei in NIH mice were evaluated: the establishment of Trichinella spiralis adult worms in the intestine (AWI), larvae per gram of muscle tissue (LPG), levels of IgG and IgA, and levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ. One hundred and eight mice were allocated at random into 18 groups of six mice each. Each mouse in treated or non-treated groups was inoculated intraperitoneally once a week during 6 weeks with L. casei or phosphate-buffered solution. Later each mouse was challenged either with 200, 50, or 25 T. spiralis infective larvae. When the infection dose was 200 T. spiralis infective larvae, the reductions in AWI were 78.6% at 4 days after infection (dai) and 76.7% at 10 dai; while the reduction of LPG was 80.9% with respect to control groups. When the infection dose was 50 or 25 T. spiralis infective larvae, the reductions of AWI were 100% both at 4 and 10 dai; while the reduction of LPG at 30 dai was also 100% with respect to control groups. The levels of IgG and IgA anti-T. spiralis and IL-4 were significantly higher (P < 0.01) at 4 and 10 dai in mice from groups treated with L. casei than in animals in control groups; while at 10 dai, the levels of IFN-γ were higher in control mice (P < 0.01) than in L. casei-treated animals. The results suggest that frequent treatment of mice with L. casei induces a total protection against infection with low doses of T. spiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Kumar M, Kumar A, Nagpal R, Mohania D, Behare P, Verma V, Kumar P, Poddar D, Aggarwal PK, Henry CJK, Jain S, Yadav H. Cancer-preventing attributes of probiotics: an update. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:473-96. [PMID: 20187714 DOI: 10.3109/09637480903455971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health problem. Cancer incidence and mortality have been steadily rising throughout the past century in most places of the world. There are several epidemiological evidences that support a protective role of probiotics against cancer. Lactic acid bacteria and their probioactive cellular substances exert many beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract, and also release various enzymes into the intestinal lumen and exert potential synergistic (LAB) effects on digestion and alleviate symptoms of intestinal malabsorption. Consumption of fermented dairy products with LAB may elicit anti-tumor effects. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of mutagenic activity, the decrease in several enzymes implicated in the generation of carcinogens, mutagens, or tumor-promoting agents, suppression of tumors, and epidemiology correlating dietary regimes and cancer. Specific cellular components in lactic acid bacteria seem to induce strong adjuvant effects including modulation of cell-mediated immune responses, activation of the reticulo-endothelial system, augmentation of cytokine pathways, and regulation of interleukins and tumor necrosis factors. Studies on the effect of probiotic consumption on cancer appear promising, since recent in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that probiotic bacteria might reduce the risk, incidence and number of tumors of the colon, liver and bladder. The protective effect against cancer development may be ascribed to binding of mutagens by intestinal bacteria, may suppress the growth of bacteria that convert procarcinogens into carcinogens, thereby reducing the amount of carcinogens in the intestine, reduction of the enzymes beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase and deconjugation of bile acids, or merely by enhancing the immune system of the host. There are isolated reports citing that administration of LAB results in increased activity of anti-oxidative enzymes or by modulating circulatory oxidative stress that protects cells against carcinogen-induced damage. These include glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, there is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in human subjects as a result of the consumption of probiotic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products, but there is a wealth of indirect evidence based largely on laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
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Keszei AP, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Dairy intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:436-46. [PMID: 20042437 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors examined the association between the intake of different dairy products and the risk of bladder cancer in 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years participating in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Dairy product intake was assessed in 1986 by using a 150-item food frequency questionnaire. The cohort was followed for 16.3 years, and 1,549 incident cases of bladder cancer were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied with a case-cohort approach by using the follow-up data of a random subcohort (n = 5,000). Multivariate hazard ratio estimates comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of total dairy intake were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.27; P(trend) = 0.68). A statistically significant association for fermented milk products was found only for the second quintile (median, 12 g/day) (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.91). Compared with nonconsumers, women with 25-75 g/day of butter consumption had a hazard ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.50; P(trend) < 0.01). No association was found with cheese, calcium, lactose, or nonfermented dairy intake. These results provide weak evidence that bladder cancer risk is inversely associated with low intake of fermented dairy products and suggest a positive association with butter intake in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- András P Keszei
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Cai S, Bay BH, Lee YK, Lu J, Mahendran R. Live and lyophilized Lactobacillus species elicit differential immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 302:189-96. [PMID: 20002187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the mechanism of action of the lactobacilli, splenocytes were incubated with lactobacilli. We compared the ability of live and lyophilized Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus to modulate the production of interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-10 by splenocytes from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Blocking contact between lactobacilli and immune cells abrogated all cytokine production. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was partially responsible, but not TLR4 or TLR9, for the induction of cytokine production in splenocytes. All cytokine production declined to basal levels when bacterial phagocytosis was inhibited. This shows that lactobacilli stimulation of cytokine production in splenocytes requires the process of phagocytosis and engagement of TLR2, but not TLR4 or TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Watanabe T, Nishio H, Tanigawa T, Yamagami H, Okazaki H, Watanabe K, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Oshitani N, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Higuchi K, Takeuchi K, Arakawa T. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota prevents indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury: involvement of lactic acid. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G506-13. [PMID: 19589943 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90553.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses triggered by activation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling pathway are a key mechanism in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. Rats pretreated with viable LcS or heat-killed LcS once or once daily for a week were administered indomethacin by gavage to induce injury. Anti-inflammatory effects of L-lactic acid (1-15 mM) were evaluated in vitro by use of THP-1 cells. One-week treatment with viable LcS prevented indomethacin-induced intestinal injury with increase in the concentration of lactic acid in small intestinal content and inhibited increases in myeloperoxidase activity and expression of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) while affecting neither TLR4 expression nor the number of gram-negative bacteria in intestinal content, whereas neither heat-killed LcS nor a single dose of viable LcS inhibited intestinal injury. Prevention of this injury was also observed in rats given l-lactic acid in drinking water. Both L-lactic acid and LcS culture supernatant containing 10 mM lactic acid inhibited NF-kappaB activation and increases in TNF-alpha mRNA expression and TNF-alpha protein secretion in THP-1 cells treated with LPS. Western blot analyses showed that both L-lactic acid and LcS culture supernatants suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of I-kappaB-alpha induced by LPS without affecting expression of TLR4. These findings suggest that LcS exhibits a prophylactic effect on indomethacin-induced enteropathy by suppressing the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway and that this probiotic effect of LcS may be mediated by L-lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Schmidt F, Fiege T, Hustoft HK, Kneist S, Thiede B. Shotgun mass mapping of Lactobacillus species and subspecies from caries related isolates by MALDI-MS. Proteomics 2009; 9:1994-2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martínez-Gómez F, Santiago-Rosales R, Ramón Bautista-Garfias C. Effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain intraperitoneal administration in CD1 mice on the establishment of Trichinella spiralis adult worms and on IgA anti-T. spiralis production. Vet Parasitol 2009; 162:171-5. [PMID: 19269100 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (LcS) in CD1 mice on the establishment of Trichinella spiralis adult worms (TSAW), and on the generation of intestinal IgA anti-T. spiralis after challenge (AC) were evaluated. One hundred and twenty mice were allocated at random into two groups of 60 mice each: Treated group (T) and Non-treated group (NT). Each mouse in T group was inoculated with LcS at days -21, -14, and -7. On day 0 each mouse was challenged with 200 larvae of T. spiralis. At days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, and 28 AC, six mice from each group were sacrificed to obtain TSAW. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 IgA-s anti-T. spiralis levels in intestinal washings were evaluated by ELISA. From day five on AC, mice in LcS group showed significantly less TSAW (P<0.05) than animals from NT group. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 AC IgA anti-T. spiralis levels were higher in mice from T group (P<0.05) than in the NT group. The results indicate that LcS inoculated into mice induces protection against T. spiralis and an increase in the production of IgA anti-T. spiralis.
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Fotiadis CI, Stoidis CN, Spyropoulos BG, Zografos ED. Role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in chemoprevention for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6453-7. [PMID: 19030195 PMCID: PMC2773329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer. Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate. Recently, synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-, pre- or synbiotics. However, there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies. The mechanisms by which pro-, pre- and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.
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Does the probiotic L. casei help prevent recurrence after transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:526-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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