1
|
de Souza Lima J, Immich APS, de Araújo PHH, de Oliveira D. Cellulase immobilized on kaolin as a potential approach to improve the quality of knitted fabric. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:679-688. [PMID: 35015119 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biopolishing is a textile process that uses cellulases to improve the pilling resistance of fabrics. Although the process improves the pilling resistance, softness and color brightness of fabrics, it causes a significant loss of tensile strength in treated fabrics. The present work studied the use of cellulase immobilized on kaolin by adsorption and covalent bonding in biopolishing to get around this problem. The cellulase immobilization has been reported as promising alternative to overcome the inconvenient of biopolishing, but it has been very poorly explored. The results showed that cellulase immobilized by both covalent bonding and adsorption methods provided to the knitted fabric similar or superior pilling resistance to free cellulase, but with greater tensile strength. Immobilization also allowed for efficient recovery and reuse of the enzyme. The present work is a relevant contribution to the literature, since, as far as we know, it is the first work that shows it is possible to minimize the loss of tensile strength and also reuse the immobilized enzyme, giving a better-quality product and also contribution to reducing the cost of the polishing step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Souza Lima
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Serafini Immich
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araújo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sankarraj N, Nallathambi G. Enzymatic biopolishing of cotton fabric with free/immobilized cellulase. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:95-102. [PMID: 29661327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cotton fabric was biopolished using free and immobilized cellulase. The immobilized cellulase treatment results lower weight loss and minimum reduction in tensile strength of the fabric at the minimum of 67% and a maximum of 98.35% and better whiteness index when compared with free cellulase treatment. Regression analysis was carried out for all properties, regression coefficients and summary of fit have been discussed. Both free and immobilized cellulase treated fabrics showed improved crystallinity index and it was analyzed by XRD. FTIR spectra were obtained to measure the hydrogen bonding intensity, which showed that the intensity values were decreased after treatment. The study confirms that the treatment with immobilized cellulase improves the surface properties without affecting the strength of fabric than the fabric treated with free cellulase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sankarraj
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai-25, India.
| | - Gobi Nallathambi
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai-25, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song HT, Yang YM, Liu DK, Xu XQ, Xiao WJ, Liu ZL, Xia WC, Wang CY, Yu X, Jiang ZB. Construction of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica and its application in bio-transformation of lignocellulose. Bioengineered 2017; 8:624-629. [PMID: 28282268 PMCID: PMC5639843 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1293219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a polysaccharide and an abundant biomass resource that widely exists in grains, beans, rice, and their by-products. Over 10 million tons of lignocellulose resources and processing products are produced every year in China. Three recombinant Y. lipolytica strains with cellulase (β-glucosidase, endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase) were constructed. The enzymatic activities of these enzymes were 14.181 U/mL, 16.307 U/mL, and 17.391 U/mL, respectively. The whole cell cellulases were used for a stover bio-transformation. The celluloses in the stover were partly degraded by the cellulases, and the degradation products were transformed into single cell protein (SCP) by the Y. lipolytica cells. After 15 d of fermentation with the whole cell cellulases, the protein content of the maize stover and the rice straw reached 16.23% and 14.75%, which increased by 168.26% and 161.52% compared with the control, respectively. This study provides a new stage for the efficient utilization of stover in the feed industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Min Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-kang Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Lu Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Cheng Xia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Ying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chatha SAS, Asgher M, Iqbal HMN. Enzyme-based solutions for textile processing and dye contaminant biodegradation-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14005-14018. [PMID: 28401390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The textile industry, as recognized conformist and stake industry in the world's economy, is facing serious environmental challenges. In numerous industries, in practice, various chemical-based processes from initial sizing to final washing are fascinating harsh environment concerns. Some of these chemicals are corrosive to equipment and cause serious damage itself. Therefore, in the twenty-first century, chemical and allied industries quest a paradigm transition from traditional chemical-based concepts to a greener, sustainable, and environmentally friendlier catalytic alternative, both at the laboratory and industrial scales. Bio-based catalysis offers numerous benefits in the context of biotechnological industry and environmental applications. In recent years, bio-based processing has received particular interest among the scientist for inter- and multi-disciplinary investigations in the areas of natural and engineering sciences for the application in biotechnology sector at large and textile industries in particular. Different enzymatic processes such as chemical substitution have been developed or in the process of development for various textile wet processes. In this context, the present review article summarizes current developments and highlights those areas where environment-friendly enzymatic textile processing might play an increasingly important role in the textile industry. In the first part of the review, a special focus has been given to a comparative discussion of the chemical-based "classical/conventional" treatments and the modern enzyme-based treatment processes. Some relevant information is also reported to identify the major research gaps to be worked out in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha
- Natural Products/Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong SM, Sung HS, Kang MH, Kim CG, Lee YH, Kim DJ, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Characterization of Cryptopygus antarcticus endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Bombyx mori expression systems. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:878-89. [PMID: 24848382 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (CaCel) from Antarctic springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus, a cellulase with high activity at low temperature, shows potential industrial use. To obtain sufficient active cellulase for characterization, CaCel gene was expressed in Bombyx mori-baculovirus expression systems. Recombinant CaCel (rCaCel) has been expressed in Escherichia coli (Ec-CaCel) at temperatures below 10°C, but the expression yield was low. Here, rCaCel with a silkworm secretion signal (Bm-CaCel) was successfully expressed and secreted into pupal hemolymph and purified to near 90% purity by Ni-affinity chromatography. The yield and specific activity of rCaCel purified from B. mori were estimated at 31 mg/l and 43.2 U/mg, respectively, which is significantly higher than the CaCel yield obtained from E. coli (0.46 mg/l and 35.8 U/mg). The optimal pH and temperature for the rCaCels purified from E. coli and B. mori were 3.5 and 50°C. Both rCaCels were active at a broad range of pH values and temperatures, and retained more than 30% of their maximal activity at 0°C. Oligosaccharide structural analysis revealed that Bm-CaCel contains elaborated N- and O-linked glycans, whereas Ec-CaCel contains putative O-linked glycans. Thermostability of Bm-CaCel from B. mori at 60°C was higher than that from E. coli, probably due to glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Hong
- Research and Development Department, Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Fan X, Wang P, Cui L. Noncovalent immobilization of cellulases using the reversibly soluble polymers for biopolishing of cotton fabric. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:494-501. [PMID: 25196508 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic reaction of cellulases can occur in the interior of cellulosic fibers, causing tensile strength loss of the fabrics. Cellulase immobilization is an approach to solve this problem, because enlarging the molecule size of cellulases will limit the hydrolysis to the surfaces of the fibers. In this study, commercial cellulases were noncovalently immobilized onto the reversibly soluble polymers (Eudragit S-100 and Eudragit L-100). The characteristics of cellulase-Eudragit S-100 (CES) and cellulase-Eudragit L-100 (CEL) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The CES showed higher stability than CEL and free cellulase, especially at higher pH and temperature. CES and CEL retained 51% and 42% of their original activities after three cycles of repeated uses, respectively. In addition, the effects of cellulase treatment on the cotton yarn and fabric have been investigated. The bending stiffness results showed that the cotton fabric samples treated with the free and immobilized cellulases were softer than untreated samples. However, less fiber damage in terms of weight loss and tensile strength of treated cotton was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cellulase immobilization onto the reversibly soluble methacrylate copolymer for denim washing. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:675-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Yu Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Fan X, Wang P, Sun X. Immobilization of cellulases on the reversibly soluble polymer Eudragit S-100 for cotton treatment. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| | - Xuejiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu; P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin X, Meng N, Xia LM. Expression of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from orpinomyces PC-2 in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3366-80. [PMID: 21686190 PMCID: PMC3116196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12053366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene celE from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 was placed under the control of an alcohol oxidase promoter (AOX1) in the plasmid pPIC9K, and integrated into the genome of a methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The strain with highest endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity was selected and designed as P. pastoris egE, and cultivated in shaking flasks. The culture supernatant was assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed a single band at about 52 kDa. Furthermore, the recombinant P. pastoris egE was proved to possess the ability to utilize sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a carbon source. The recombinant endoglucanase produced by P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and temperature 45 °C, indicating it was a mesophilic neutral endo-β-1,4-glucanase, suitable for denim biofinishing/washing. Further research was carried out in suitable fermentation medium in shaking flasks. The most favorable methanol addition concentration was discussed and given as 1.0%. After methanol induction for 96 h, the endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity reached 72.5 IU mL−1. This is the first report on expression and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Orpinomyces in P. pastoris. The endo-β-1,4-glucanase secreted by recombinant P. pastoris represents an attractive potential for both academic research and textile industry application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; E-Mails: (X.J.); (N.M.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Tang C, Shi H, Wu M. Cloning and optimized expression of a neutral endoglucanase gene (ncel5A) from Volvariella volvacea WX32 in Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:537-40. [PMID: 21367655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA fragment encoding a mature neutral endoglucanase with 366 amino acids was cloned from Volvariella volvacea WX32. Online analysis of amino acid sequence homology showed that the endoglucanase, designated as NCel5A, belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 5. The recombinant plasmid, pPIC9K-ncel5A, was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation. Screening of multiple copies of the gene ncel5A in transformants was performed on YPD plates containing geneticin G418. One transformant expressing the highest recombinant NCel5A (rNCel5A) activity, numbered as GSNCel4-3, was chosen for optimizing expression conditions. In optimized conditions, the expressed rNCel5A activity was up to 4612 U/ml. SDS-PAGE and enzyme activity assays demonstrated that the rNCel5A, a glycosylated protein with an M.W. of about 42 kDa, was extracellularly expressed in P. pastoris. The rNCel5A showed the highest activity at pH 7.5 and 55°C and was stable at a broad pH range of 6.0-9.0 and at a temperature of 55°C or below.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Araújo R, Casal M, Cavaco-Paulo A. Application of enzymes for textile fibres processing. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802390457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Ramos R, Pinto R, Mota M, Sampaio L, Gama F. Textile depilling: Superior finishing using cellulose-binding domains with residual enzymatic activity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600794728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Wu S, Ding S, Zhou R, Li Z. Comparative characterization of a recombinant Volvariella volvacea endoglucanase I (EG1) with its truncated catalytic core (EG1-CM), and their impact on the bio-treatment of cellulose-based fabrics. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:364-9. [PMID: 17610980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Volvariella volvacea endoglucanase 1 (EG1) and its catalytic module (EG1-CM) were obtained by expression in Pichia pastoris, purified by two-step chromatography, and the catalytic activities and binding capacities were compared. EG1 and EG1-CM exhibited very similar specific activities towards the soluble substrates carboxymethyl cellulose, lichenan and mannan, and insoluble H(3)PO(4) acid-swollen cellulose, whereas the specific activities of EG1-CM towards the insoluble substrates alpha-cellulose, Avicel and filter paper were approximately 58, 43 and 38%, respectively compared to EG1. No increase in reducing sugar release was detected in the reaction mixture supernatants after 50h exposure of filter paper, Avicel or alpha-cellulose to EG1-CM, whereas increases in the total reducing sugar equivalents (i.e. reducing sugar released into solution together with new reducing ends generated in the cellulosic substrates) in reaction mixtures were observed after 1h. In reaction mixtures containing EG1, soluble reducing sugar equivalents were detected in supernatants after 3h incubation with the insoluble cellulosic substrates. EG1-CM did not adsorb to Avicel, and the binding capacities of EG1-CM towards filter paper and H(3)PO(4) acid-swollen cellulose were 27.9-33.3% and 29.6-60.6%, respectively of values obtained with EG1 within the range of total added protein. In enzymatic deinking experiments, the ink removal rate in EG1-CM-treated samples was only slightly higher (approximately 8%), than that of untreated controls, whereas that of the EG1-treated samples was 100% higher. Bio-stoning of denim with EG1-CM resulted in increases of 48% and 40% in weight loss and indigo dye removal, respectively compared with untreated controls. These increases were considerably lower than the corresponding values of 219% and 133% obtained when samples were treated with EG1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- Department of Pulping and Paper, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Verenich S, Arumugam K, Shim E, Pourdeyhimi B. Effect of cellulase pretreatment of raw and bleached cotton fibers on properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
Xiao Z, Storms R, Tsang A. Microplate-based carboxymethylcellulose assay for endoglucanase activity. Anal Biochem 2005; 342:176-8. [PMID: 15958198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhuang Xiao
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Que., Canada H4B 1R6
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lenting HB, Warmoeskerken MM. Mechanism of interaction between cellulase action and applied shear force, an hypothesis. J Biotechnol 2001; 89:217-26. [PMID: 11500215 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given of what is known in literature concerning the structure of both cellulose and cellulase enzymes and the enzymatic degradation of cellulose. Based on this knowledge, a hypothesis is formulated about the relation between cellulase performance and required applied shear force on the fabric. In short, the specific cellulase activity is highest on the flexible amorphous cellulose when compared to that with the more rigid crystalline cellulose. When applying cellulase activity on damaged, fuzzy fabric, the connection point of cellulose material oriented away from the fiber axis, which is partly amorphous due to the damage, will be turned again to a more rigid, mainly crystalline structure. Due to this shift, this connection point will function as a primary point of application for shear force, resulting in removal of the fuzz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H B Lenting
- Textile Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|