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Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Gao S, Guisán JM, Rocha-Martin J. Oriented immobilization of antibodies onto sensing platforms - A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:338907. [PMID: 34815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunosensor has been proven a versatile tool to detect various analytes, such as food contaminants, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and biomarkers related to cancer. To fabricate robust and reproducible immunosensors with high sensitivity, the covalent immobilization of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in a site-specific manner contributes to better performance. Instead of the random IgG orientations result from the direct yet non-selective immobilization techniques, this review for the first time introduces the advances of stepwise yet site-selective conjugation strategies to give better biosensing efficiency. Noncovalently adsorbing IgGs is the first but decisive step to interact specifically with the Fc fragment, then following covalent conjugate can fix this uniform and antigens-favorable orientation irreversibly. In this review, we first categorized this stepwise strategy into two parts based on the different noncovalent interactions, namely adhesive layer-mediated interaction onto homofunctional support and layer-free interaction onto heterofunctional support (which displays several different functionalities on its surface that are capable to interact with IgGs). Further, the influence of ligands characteristics (synthesis strategies, spacer requirements and matrices selection) on the heterofunctional support has also been discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for the real-world application of stepwise covalent conjugation are discussed. This review provides more insights into the fabrication of high-efficiency immunosensor, and special attention has been devoted to the well-orientation of full-length IgGs onto the sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gao
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Characterizing protein G B1 orientation and its effect on immunoglobulin G antibody binding using XPS, ToF-SIMS, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Biointerphases 2020; 15:021002. [PMID: 32168986 DOI: 10.1116/1.5142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling how proteins are immobilized (e.g., controlling their orientation and conformation) is essential for developing and optimizing the performance of in vitro protein-binding devices, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Characterizing the identity, orientation, etc., of proteins in complex mixtures of immobilized proteins requires a multitechnique approach. The focus of this work was to control and characterize the orientation of protein G B1, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-binding domain of protein G, on well-defined surfaces and to measure the effect of protein G B1 orientation on IgG antibody binding. The surface sensitivity of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to distinguish between different proteins and their orientation on both flat and nanoparticle gold surfaces by monitoring intensity changes of characteristic amino acid mass fragments. Amino acids distributed asymmetrically were used to calculate peak intensity ratios from ToF-SIMS data to determine the orientation of protein G B1 cysteine mutants covalently attached to a maleimide surface. To study the effect of protein orientation on antibody binding, multilayer protein films on flat gold surfaces were formed by binding IgG to the immobilized protein G B1 films. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that coverage and orientation affected the antibody-binding process. At high protein G B1 coverage, the cysteine mutant immobilized in an end-on orientation with the C-terminus exposed bound 443 ng/cm2 of whole IgG (H + L) antibodies. In comparison, the high coverage cysteine mutant immobilized in an end-on orientation with the N-terminus exposed did not bind detectable amounts of whole IgG (H + L) antibodies.
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4
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Paul M, Weller MG. Antibody Screening by Microarray Technology-Direct Identification of Selective High-Affinity Clones. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E1. [PMID: 31906477 PMCID: PMC7175374 DOI: 10.3390/antib9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary screening of hybridoma cells is a time-critical and laborious step during the development of monoclonal antibodies. Often, critical errors occur in this phase, which supports the notion that the generation of monoclonal antibodies with hybridoma technology is difficult to control and hence, a risky venture. We think that it is crucial to improve the screening process to eliminate most of the critical deficits of the conventional approach. With this new microarray-based procedure, several advances could be achieved: Selectivity for excellent binders, high-throughput, reproducible signals, avoidance of misleading avidity (multivalency) effects, and performance of simultaneous competition experiments. The latter can also be used to select clones of desired cross-reactivity properties. In this paper, a model system with two excellent clones against carbamazepine, two weak clones, and blank supernatant containing fetal bovine serum was designed to examine the effectiveness of the new system. The excellent clones could be detected largely independent of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, which is usually unknown during the clone screening since the determination and subsequent adjustment of the antibody concentration are not feasible in most cases. Furthermore, in this approach, the enrichment, isolation, and purification of IgG for characterization is not necessary. Raw cell culture supernatant can be used directly, even when fetal calf serum (FCS) or other complex media is used. In addition, an improved method for the oriented antibody-immobilization on epoxy-silanized slides is presented. Based on the results of this model system with simulated hybridoma supernatants, we conclude that this approach should be preferable to most other protocols leading to many false positives, causing expensive and lengthy elimination steps to weed out the poor clones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
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5
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Orientation Control of the Molecular Recognition Layer for Improved Sensitivity: a Review. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Integrating enzyme immobilization and protein engineering: An alternative path for the development of novel and improved industrial biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1470-1480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) as biosensors: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 116:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Bakhmachuk A, Gorbatiuk O, Rachkov A, Dons'koi B, Khristosenko R, Ushenin I, Peshkova V, Soldatkin A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Investigations of Bioselective Element Based on the Recombinant Protein A for Immunoglobulin Detection. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:112. [PMID: 28209032 PMCID: PMC5307396 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The developed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on the recombinant Staphylococcal protein A with an additional cysteine residue (SPA-Cys) used as a biorecognition component showed a good selectivity and sensitivity for the immunoglobulin detection. The developed biosensor with SPA-Cys-based bioselective element can also be used as a first step of immunosensor creation. The successful immobilization of SPA-Cys on the nanolayer gold sensor surface of the SPR spectrometer was performed. The efficiency of blocking nonspecific sorption sites on the sensor surface with milk proteins, gelatin, BSA, and HSA was studied, and a rather high efficiency of using gelatin was confirmed. The SPR biosensor selectively interacted with IgG and did not interact with the control proteins. The linear dependence of the sensor response on the IgG concentration in the range from 2 to 10 μg/ml was shown. Using the calibration curve, the IgG concentration was measured in the model samples. The determined concentrations are in good agreement (r 2 = 0.97) with the given concentration of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakhmachuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, korp.5, Pr. Akademika Hlushkova, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine.
| | - O Gorbatiuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine, 57/3, Velyka Vasyl'kivska Str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
| | - A Rachkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - B Dons'koi
- Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, NAMS of Ukraine, 8, Maiborody Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - R Khristosenko
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, Prospect Nauki, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - I Ushenin
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, Prospect Nauki, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - V Peshkova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, korp.5, Pr. Akademika Hlushkova, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - A Soldatkin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, korp.5, Pr. Akademika Hlushkova, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
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Zheng Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Li Z, Gao L, Zhang H, Nie W, Geng X, Wang K. Investigation of the interactions between aptamer and misfolded proteins: From monomer and oligomer to fibril by single-molecule force spectroscopy. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [PMID: 29143447 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge on the understanding interactions of aptamer with misfolded proteins (including monomer, oligomer, and amyloid fibril) is crucial for development of aggregation inhibitors and diagnosis of amyloid diseases. Herein, the interactions of lysozyme monomer-, oligomer-, and amyloid fibril-aptamer were investigated using single-molecule force spectroscopy. The results revealed that the aptamer screened against lysozyme monomer could also bind to oligomer and amyloid fibril, in spite of the recognition at a lower binding probability. It may be attributed to the inherent structural differences of misfolded proteins and the flexible conformation of aptamer. In addition, dynamic force spectra showed that there were similar dissociation paths in the dissociation process of lysozyme monomer-, oligomer-, and amyloid fibril-aptamer complexes. It showed that the dissociation only passed 1 energy barrier from the binding state to the detachment. However, the dynamic parameters suggested that the oligomer- and amyloid fibril-aptamer were more stable than lysozyme monomer-aptamer. The phenomena may result from the exposure of aptamer-recognized sequences on the surface and the electrostatic interactions. This work demonstrated that single-molecule force spectroscopy could be a powerful tool to study the binding behavior of the aptamer with misfolded proteins at single-molecule level, providing abundant information for researches and comprehensive applications of aptamer probes in diagnosis of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuhua Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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EpCAM-expressing circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e415-e420. [PMID: 28604994 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have raised the issue of the inadequacy of CellSearch® to detect the entire pool of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients, suggesting that cells expressing low levels of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) are not recognized by the capture reagent. In this exploratory study, we aimed to evaluate the status of EpCAM in CTCs isolated from a group of metastatic colorectal cancer patients, in 40% of whom, CTC had been found to be undetected by the CellSearch® system. METHODS CTCs were analyzed using both a microfiltration method (ScreenCell) and CellSearch® in parallel. Furthermore, since EpCAM exists in 2 different variants, we investigated the presence of both its intracellular domain (EpICD) and extracellular domain (EpEX) through immunofluorescence staining of CTCs on filters. RESULTS Results from immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that, overall, EpICD and/or EpEX was expressed in 176 CTCs detected by ScreenCell, while the CellSearch® system was able to capture only 10 CTCs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that the low sensitivity of CellSearch® to detect CTCs in colorectal cancer patients is not due to the lack of EpCAM.
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11
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Ouyang X, De Stefano M, Krissanaprasit A, Bank Kodal AL, Bech Rosen C, Liu T, Helmig S, Fan C, Gothelf KV. Docking of Antibodies into the Cavities of DNA Origami Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province; College of Chemistry & Material Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 China
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Division of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF); Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Mattia De Stefano
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Anne Louise Bank Kodal
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Christian Bech Rosen
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Tianqiang Liu
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Sarah Helmig
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF); Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Ouyang X, De Stefano M, Krissanaprasit A, Bank Kodal AL, Bech Rosen C, Liu T, Helmig S, Fan C, Gothelf KV. Docking of Antibodies into the Cavities of DNA Origami Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14423-14427. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province; College of Chemistry & Material Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 China
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Division of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF); Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Mattia De Stefano
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Anne Louise Bank Kodal
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Christian Bech Rosen
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Tianqiang Liu
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Sarah Helmig
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF); Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the D; epartment of Chemistry Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Park M, Pyun JC, Jose J. Orientation and density control of proteins on solid matters by outer membrane coating: Analytical and diagnostic applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:174-184. [PMID: 28797956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autodisplay is an expression system for the display of recombinant proteins on the outer membrane (OM) of gram negative bacteria and has been developed for translocation studies, whole cell biocatalysis, bioremediation, inhibitor screening, and enzyme refolding. Recently, affinity proteins such as IgG-binding Z-domains and biotin-binding streptavidin have been autodisplayed on the OM of Escherichia coli for analytical and biomedical applications. The secretion mechanism of the autodisplay system was used and orientation and density control of these affinity proteins were determined. Affinity protein-autodisplaying E. coli cells have been used to coat solid supports in immunoassays. For this purpose, the OM of autodisplayed E. coli cells was separated and isolated by the aid of detergents. The structure of the resulting OM liposomes as well as their physico-chemical parameters, were analyzed. OM liposomes were used subsequently for coating various solid matters including microplates and biosensor transducer surfaces and the formation of OM layers were monitored. OM layer formation on solid matters was shown to increase the sensitivity of immunoassays and biosensors. In this review, analytical and diagnostic applications are described in particular concerning orientation and density control of autodisplayed affinity proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Park
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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Zengin A, Caykara T. A novel route to prepare a multilayer system via the combination of interface-mediated catalytic chain transfer polymerization and thiol-ene click chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:103-109. [PMID: 28254273 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed a novel multilayer system composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) [poly(MMA)] brush, biotin, streptavidin and protein-A on a silicon substrate to attach onanti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG). poly(MMA) brush with vinyl end-group was first synthesized by the interface-mediated catalytic chain transfer polymerization. The brush was then modified with cysteamine molecules to generate the polymer chains with amine end-group via a thiol-ene click chemistry. The amine end-groups of poly(MMA) chains were also modified with biotin units to ensure selective connection points for streptavidin molecules. Finally, a multilayer system on the silicon substrate was formed by using streptavidin and protein-A molecules, respectively. This multilayer system was employed to attach anti-IgG molecules in a highly oriented manner and provide anti-IgG molecular functional configuration on the multilayer. High reproducibility of the amount of anti-IgG adsorption and homogeneous anti-IgG adsorption layer on the silicon surface could be provided by this multilayer system. The multilayer system with protein A may be opened the door for designing an efficient immunoassay protein chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Zengin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yuzuncu Yil University, TR-65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Caykara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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Shen M, Rusling J, Dixit CK. Site-selective orientated immobilization of antibodies and conjugates for immunodiagnostics development. Methods 2017; 116:95-111. [PMID: 27876681 PMCID: PMC5374010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilized antibody systems are the key to develop efficient diagnostics and separations tools. In the last decade, developments in the field of biomolecular engineering and crosslinker chemistry have greatly influenced the development of this field. With all these new approaches at our disposal, several new immobilization methods have been created to address the main challenges associated with immobilized antibodies. Few of these challenges that we have discussed in this review are mainly associated to the site-specific immobilization, appropriate orientation, and activity retention. We have discussed the effect of antibody immobilization approaches on the parameters on the performance of an immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - James Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 060
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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Li XJ, Liu JL, Gao DS, Wan WY, Yang X, Li YT, Chang HT, Chen L, Wang CQ, Zhao J. Single-step affinity and cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins using the Sepharose-binding lectin-tag from the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus as fusion partner. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lakshmipriya T, Horiguchi Y, Nagasaki Y. Co-immobilized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyamines promote sensitivity and restrict biofouling on gold sensor surface for detecting factor IX in human plasma. Analyst 2015; 139:3977-85. [PMID: 24922332 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to detect an extremely low amount of human coagulation factor IX (FIX), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/aptamer co-immobilized surface was constructed using original PEG-polyamine surface modification agents on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip. Initially, a gold (Au) sensor chip of SPR was modified using poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEG-b-PAMA) followed by treatment with SH-dT20 and was duplexed with anti-FIX aptamer extended using A24. Furthermore, the co-immobilization of pentaethylenehexamine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (N6-PEG) on the sensing surface completely quenched bio-fouling. On this dual tethered PEG-surface, we determined that the dissociation constant for FIX-aptamer interaction was 37 ± 10 pM, and the sensitivity of detection could reach up to 800 fM on using aptamer-FIX-antibody sandwich pattern detected by gold nanoparticle-conjugated anti-mouse antibody. We could detect FIX in the presence of abundant albumin. Furthermore, to mimic the actual detection of FIX in clinical samples, we demonstrated our experimental results with human blood plasma instead of FIX. Higher-sensitivity was attained because of dual polymers immobilized on Au surface, and this can emerge as a common strategy for any aptamer-protein interactions. The selective binding of aptamer in human blood plasma described here indicates the suitability of the present strategy for detection in clinically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Department of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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18
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Miyao H, Ikeda Y, Shiraishi A, Kawakami Y, Sueda S. Immobilization of immunoglobulin-G-binding domain of Protein A on a gold surface modified with biotin ligase. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:113-21. [PMID: 25998102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus specifically binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and is widely used as a scaffold for the immobilization of IgG antibodies on solid supports. It is known that the oriented immobilization of Protein A on solid supports enhances its antibody-binding capability in comparison with immobilization in a random manner. In the current work, we developed a novel method for the oriented immobilization of the IgG-binding domain of Protein A based on the biotinylation reaction from archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. Biotinylation from S. tokodaii has a unique property in that the enzyme, biotin protein ligase (BPL), forms a stable complex with its biotinylated substrate protein, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP). Here, BCCP was fused to the IgG-binding domain of Protein A, and the resulting fusion protein was immobilized on the BPL-modified gold surface of the sensor chip for quartz crystal microbalance through complexation between BCCP and BPL. The layer of the IgG-binding domain prepared in this way successfully captured the antibody, and the captured antibody retained high antigen-binding capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miyao
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ikeda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Arata Shiraishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawakami
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Shinji Sueda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan; Research Center for Bio-microsensing Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan.
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19
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Yang HM, Bao RM, Cheng YZ, Tang JB. Site-specific covalent attachment of an engineered Z-domain onto a solid matrix: an efficient platform for 3D IgG immobilization. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:1-6. [PMID: 25892064 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized antibodies with oriented and homogeneous patterns are crucial to solid-phase molecular recognition assay. Antibody binding protein-based immobilization can effectively present the desired antibodies. However, steadily installing the stromatoid protein with site-specific attachment manner onto a matrix surface remains to be elucidated. In this study, we present an optimal protocol to tightly attach an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding protein (Z-domain) through covalent incorporation of Cys-tag and maleimide group onto polystyrene surface to guarantee site-specific, oriented, and irreversible attachment, resulting in a highly efficient platform for three-dimensional IgG immobilization. The actual IgG-binding characteristic of immobilized Z-Cys was investigated by employing affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. And the efficacy and potential of this platform was demonstrated by applying it to the analysis of interaction between rabbit anti-HRP IgG and its binding partner HRP. The proposed approach may be an attractive strategy to construct high performance antibody arrays and biosensors given that the antibody is compatible with the Z-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru-Meng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin-Bao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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20
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Abstract
The controlled immobilization of proteins on solid-state surfaces can play an important role in enhancing the sensitivity of both affinity-based biosensors and probe-free sensing platforms. Typical methods of controlling the orientation of probe proteins on a sensor surface involve surface chemistry-based techniques. Here, we present a method of tunably controlling the immobilization of proteins on a solid-state surface using electric field. We study the ability to orient molecules by immobilizing IgG molecules in microchannels while applying lateral fields. We use atomic force microscopy to both qualitatively and quantitatively study the orientation of antibodies on glass surfaces. We apply this ability for controlled orientation to enhance the performance of affinity-based assays. As a proof of concept, we use fluorescence detection to indirectly verify the modulation of the orientation of proteins bound to the surface. We studied the interaction of fluorescently tagged anti-IgG with surface immobilized IgG controlled by electric field. Our study demonstrates that the use of electric field can result in more than 100% enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio compared with normal physical adsorption.
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21
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Çorman ME, Armutcu C, Uzun L, Say R, Denizli A. Self-oriented nanoparticles for site-selective immunoglobulin G recognition via epitope imprinting approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:831-7. [PMID: 25454659 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a polymerization technique that provides synthetic analogs for template molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have gained much attention due to their unique properties such as selectivity and specificity for target molecules. In this study, we focused on the development of polymeric materials with molecular recognition ability, so molecular imprinting was combined with miniemulsion polymerization to synthesize self-orienting nanoparticles through the use of an epitope imprinting approach. Thus, L-lysine imprinted nanoparticles (LMIP) were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization technique. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was then bound to the cavities that specifically formed for L-lysine molecules that are typically found at the C-terminus of the Fc region of antibody molecules. The resulting nanoparticles makes it possible to minimize the nonspecific interaction between monomer and template molecules. In addition, the orientation of the entire IgG molecule was controlled, and random imprinting of the IgG was prevented. The optimum conditions were determined for IgG recognition using the imprinted nanoparticles. The selectivity of the nanoparticles against IgG molecules was also evaluated using albumin and hemoglobin as competitor molecules. In order to show the self-orientation capability of imprinted nanoparticles, human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption onto both the plain nanoparticles and immobilized nanoparticles by anti-human serum albumin antibody (anti-HSA antibody) was also carried out. Due to anti-HSA antibody immobilization on the imprinted nanoparticles, the adsorption capability of nanoparticles against HSA molecules vigorously enhanced. It is proved that the oriented immobilization of antibodies was appropriately succeeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Çorman
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Sinop University, Department of Bioengineering, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Canan Armutcu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Rıdvan Say
- Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Kumada Y. Site-specific immobilization of recombinant antibody fragments through material-binding peptides for the sensitive detection of antigens in enzyme immunoassays. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1960-1969. [PMID: 25119345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of an antibody is one of the key technologies that are used to enhance the sensitivity and efficiency of the detection of target molecules in immunodiagnosis and immunoseparation. Recombinant antibody fragments such as VHH, scFv and Fabs produced by microorganisms are the next generation of ligand antibodies as an alternative to conventional whole Abs due to a smaller size and the possibility of site-directed immobilization with uniform orientation and higher antigen-binding activity in the adsorptive state. For the achievement of site-directed immobilization, affinity peptides for a certain ligand molecule or solid support must be introduced to the recombinant antibody fragments. In this mini-review, immobilization technologies for the whole antibodies (whole Abs) and recombinant antibody fragments onto the surfaces of plastics are introduced. In particular, the focus here is on immobilization technologies of recombinant antibody fragments utilizing affinity peptide tags, which possesses strong binding affinity towards the ligand molecules. Furthermore, I introduced the material-binding peptides that are capable of direct recognition of the target materials. Preparation and immobilization strategies for recombinant antibody fragments linked to material-binding peptides (polystyrene-binding peptides (PS-tags) and poly (methyl methacrylate)-binding peptide (PMMA-tag)) are the focus here, and are based on the enhancement of sensitivity and a reduction in the production costs of ligand antibodies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kumada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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23
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Pâslaru E, Baican MC, Hitruc EG, Nistor MT, Poncin-Epaillard F, Vasile C. Immunoglobulin G immobilization on PVDF surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 115:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Gao Z, Hou L, Xu M, Tang D. Enhanced colorimetric immunoassay accompanying with enzyme cascade amplification strategy for ultrasensitive detection of low-abundance protein. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3966. [PMID: 24509941 PMCID: PMC3918910 DOI: 10.1038/srep03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods based on enzyme labels have been developed for colorimetric immunoassays, but most involve poor sensitivity and are unsuitable for routine use. Herein, we design an enhanced colorimetric immunoassay for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) coupling with an enzyme-cascade-amplification strategy (ECAS-CIA). In the presence of target PSA, the labeled alkaline phosphatase on secondary antibody catalyzes the formation of palladium nanostructures, which catalyze 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2 system to produce the colored products, thus resulting in the signal cascade amplification. Results indicated that the ECAS-CIA presents good responses toward PSA, and allows detection of PSA at a concentration as low as 0.05 ng mL−1. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation are below 9.5% and 10.7%, respectively. Additionally, the methodology is validated for analysis of clinical serum specimens with consistent results obtained by PSA ELISA kit. Importantly, the ECAS-CIA opens a new horizon for protein diagnostics and biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangqiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Li Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Mingdi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
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25
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Site-directed antibody immobilization techniques for immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:460-71. [PMID: 23911661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensor sensitivity, regenerability, and stability directly depend on the type of antibodies used for the immunosensor design, quantity of immobilized molecules, remaining activity upon immobilization, and proper orientation on the sensing interface. Although sensor surfaces prepared with antibodies immobilized in a random manner yield satisfactory results, site-directed immobilization of the sensing molecules significantly improves the immunosensor sensitivity, especially when planar supports are employed. This review focuses on the three most conventional site-directed antibody immobilization techniques used in immunosensor design. One strategy of immobilizing antibodies on the sensor surface is via affinity interactions with a pre-formed layer of the Fc binding proteins, e.g., protein A, protein G, Fc region specific antibodies or various recombinant proteins. Another immobilization strategy is based on the use of chemically or genetically engineered antibody fragments that can be attached to the sensor surface covered in gold or self-assembled monolayer via the sulfhydryl groups present in the hinge region. The third most common strategy is antibody immobilization via an oxidized oligosaccharide moiety present in the Fc region of the antibody. The principles, advantages, applications, and arising problems of these most often applied immobilization techniques are reviewed.
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26
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Magnetic-bead-based immunoassay using E. coli cells with autodisplayed Z-domains. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Duarte AP, Mauline L, Gressier M, Dexpert-Ghys J, Roques C, Caiut JMA, Deffune E, Maia DCG, Carlos IZ, Ferreira AAP, Ribeiro SJL, Menu MJ. Organosilylated complex [Eu(TTA)3(Bpy-Si)]: a bifunctional moiety for the engeneering of luminescent silica-based nanoparticles for bioimaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5878-5888. [PMID: 23586677 DOI: 10.1021/la400365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new highly luminescent europium complex with the formula [Eu(TTA)3(Bpy-Si)], where TTA stands for the thenoyltrifluoroacetone, (C4H3S)COCH2COCF3, chelating ligand and Bpy-Si, Bpy-CH2NH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3, is an organosilyldipyridine ligand displaying a triethoxysilyl group as a grafting function has been synthesized and fully characterized. This bifunctional complex has been grafted onto the surface of dense silica nanoparticles (NPs) and on mesoporous silica microparticles as well. The covalent bonding of [Eu(TTA)3(Bpy-Si)] inside uniform Stöber silica nanoparticles was also achieved. The general methodology proposed could be applied to any silica matrix, allowed high grafting ratios that overcome chelate release and the tendency to agglomerate. Luminescent silica-based nanoparticles SiO2-[Eu(TTA)3(Bpy-Si)], with a diameter of 28 ± 2 nm, were successfully tested as a luminescent labels for the imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. They were also functionalized by a specific monoclonal antibody and subsequently employed for the selective imaging of Escherichia coli bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Duarte
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, Université de Toulouse, UPS-CNRS 5085, Toulouse, France
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28
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Putzbach W, Ronkainen NJ. Immobilization techniques in the fabrication of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: a review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:4811-40. [PMID: 23580051 PMCID: PMC3673113 DOI: 10.3390/s130404811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of 1st to 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. However, in recent years, modification of the transducer with nanomaterials has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating nanomaterials in their fabrication. Given the unique and favorable qualities of gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes as applied to electrochemical biosensors, a consolidated survey of the different methods of nanomaterial immobilization on transducer surfaces and enzyme immobilization on these species is beneficial and timely. This review encompasses modification of enzymatic biosensors with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Putzbach
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Niina J. Ronkainen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
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29
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Immobilization of unraveled immunoglobulin G using well-oriented ZZ–His protein on functionalized microtiter plate for sensitive immunoassay. Anal Biochem 2013; 432:134-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Controlling immunoglobulin G orientation on a protein-A terminated bilayer system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Johnson BN, Mutharasan R. pH effect on protein G orientation on gold surfaces and characterization of adsorption thermodynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6928-6934. [PMID: 22497325 DOI: 10.1021/la3009128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The pH effect on adsorbed antibody-binding protein (protein G) orientation on gold (Au) and its adsorption thermodynamic characteristics were investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorbed protein G orientation was measured by binding response of two antibody-antigen systems: the model bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7. Surface coverage was not significantly affected by pH, but its orientation was. The most properly oriented protein G for antibody binding was achieved at near-neutral pH. Adsorption was verified by XPS measurements using nitrogen (N) 1s, oxygen (O) 1s, and Au 4p peak heights. Adsorption energetics were determined by van't Hoff and Langmuir kinetic analyses of adsorption data obtained at 296, 303, and 308 K. Large characteristic entropy change of protein adsorption was observed (ΔS° = 0.52 ± 0.01 kcal/mol·K). The adsorption process was not classical physisorption but exhibited chemisorption characteristics based on significant enthalpy change (ΔH° = -25 ± 6 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake N Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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32
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Stamos B, Loredo L, Chand S, Phan TV, Zhang Y, Mohapatra S, Rajeshwar K, Perera R. Biosynthetic approach for functional protein microarrays. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:114-23. [PMID: 22370272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein microarrays have emerged as an indispensable research tool for providing information about protein functions and interactions through high-throughput screening. Traditional methods for immobilizing biomolecules onto solid surfaces have been based on covalent and noncovalent binding, entrapment in semipermeable membranes, microencapsulation, sol gel, and hydrogel methods. Each of these techniques has its own strengths but fails to combine the most important tenets of a functional protein microarray such as covalent attachment, native protein conformation, homogeneity of the protein monolayer, control over active site orientation, and retention of protein activity. Here we present a selective and site-directed covalent immobilization technique for proteins via a benzoxazine ring formation through a Diels-Alder reaction in water and a genetically encoded 3-amino-L-tyrosine (3-NH(2)Tyr) amino acid. Fully functional protein microarrays, with monolayer arrangements and complete control over their orientations, were generated using this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Stamos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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33
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Abstract
Protein microarray or protein chip is an important tool in proteomics. However, duplicating the success of the DNA chip for the protein chip has been difficult. This account discusses a key issue in protein microarray development, i.e., surface chemistry. Ideally, the surface chemistry for protein microarray fabrication should satisfy the following criteria: the surface resists nonspecific adsorption; functional groups for the facile immobilization of protein molecules of interest are readily available; bonding between a protein molecule and a solid surface is balanced to provide sufficient stability but minimal disturbance on the delicate three-dimensional structure of the protein; linking chemistry allows the control of protein orientation; the local chemical environment favors the immobilized protein molecules to retain their native conformation; and finally, the specificity of linking chemistry is so high that no pre-purification of proteins is required. Strategies to achieve such an ideal situation are discussed, with successful examples from our laboratories illustrated. Finally, the need of surface technology for membrane protein microarray fabrication is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- ATHENA GUO
- MicroSurfaces, Inc., 4001 Stinson Blvd, Suite 430, Minneapolis, MN 55421, USA
| | - XIAOYANG ZHU
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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34
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CAMARERO JULIOA. NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE SITE-SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT OF PROTEIN TO SURFACES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048006000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein immobilization on surfaces is of great importance in numerous applications in biology and biophysics. The key for the success of all these applications relies on the immobilization technique employed to attach the protein to the corresponding surface. Protein immobilization can be based on covalent or noncovalent interaction of the molecule with the surface. Noncovalent interactions include hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, or physical adsorption. However, since these interactions are weak, the molecules can get denatured or dislodged, thus causing loss of signal. They also result in random attachment of the protein to the surface. Site–specific covalent attachment of proteins onto surfaces, on the other hand, leads to molecules being arranged in a definite, orderly fashion and uses spacers and linkers to help minimize steric hindrances between the protein and the surface. This work reviews in detail some of the methods most commonly used as well as the latest developments for the site-specific covalent attachment of protein to solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- JULIO A. CAMARERO
- Chemical Biology and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, 7000 East Avenue, L-232, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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35
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Ulman A, Ioffe M, Patolsky F, Haas E, Reuvenov D. Highly active engineered-enzyme oriented monolayers: formation, characterization and sensing applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:26. [PMID: 21689418 PMCID: PMC3144448 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in introducing ecologically-clean, and efficient enzymes into modern industry has been growing steadily. However, difficulties associated with controlling their orientation, and maintaining their selectivity and reactivity is still a significant obstacle. We have developed precise immobilization of biomolecules, while retaining their native functionality, and report a new, fast, easy, and reliable procedure of protein immobilization, with the use of Adenylate kinase as a model system. METHODS Self-assembled monolayers of hexane-1,6-dithiol were formed on gold surfaces. The monolayers were characterized by contact-angle measurements, Elman-reagent reaction, QCM, and XPS. A specifically designed, mutated Adenylate kinase, where cysteine was inserted at the 75 residue, and the cysteine at residue 77 was replaced by serine, was used for attachment to the SAM surface via spontaneously formed disulfide (S-S) bonds. QCM, and XPS were used for characterization of the immobilized protein layer. Curve fitting in XPS measurements used a Gaussian-Lorentzian function. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Water contact angle (65-70°), as well as all characterization techniques used, confirmed the formation of self-assembled monolayer with surface SH groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed clearly the two types of sulfur atom, one attached to the gold (triolate) and the other (SH/S-S) at the ω-position for the hexane-1,6-dithiol SAMs. The formation of a protein monolayer was confirmed using XPS, and QCM, where the QCM-determined amount of protein on the surface was in agreement with a model that considered the surface area of a single protein molecule. Enzymatic activity tests of the immobilized protein confirmed that there is no change in enzymatic functionality, and reveal activity ~100 times that expected for the same amount of protein in solution. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, immobilization of a protein by the method presented here, with the resulting high enzymatic activity, has never been reported. There are many potential applications for selective localization of active proteins at patterned surfaces, for example, bioMEMS (MEMS--Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems. Due to the success of the method, presented here, it was decided to continue a research project of a biosensor by transferring it to a high aspect ratio platform--nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ulman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Six Metrotech Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Michael Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- Department of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elisha Haas
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dana Reuvenov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Dutta P, Sawoo S, Ray N, Bouloussa O, Sarkar A. Engineering Bioactive Surfaces with Fischer Carbene Complex: Protein A on Self-Assembled Monolayer for Antibody Sensing. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200073r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Dutta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sudeshna Sawoo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Namrata Ray
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Othman Bouloussa
- Institut Curie, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie (UMR CNRS 168), 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amitabha Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
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Kumar S, Ch R, Rath D, Panda S. Densities and orientations of antibodies on nano-textured silicon surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park M, Jose J, Thömmes S, Kim JI, Kang MJ, Pyun JC. Autodisplay of streptavidin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:307-11. [PMID: 22112942 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptavidin was expressed on the outer membrane of E. coli as a recombinant fusion protein with an autotransporter domain called AIDA-I (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) using autodisplay technology. The autodisplay of streptavidin was confirmed by SDS-PAGE of the outer membrane proteins, and the number of autodisplayed streptavidin molecules on a single E. coli cell was evaluated with densitometric analysis. The biotin-binding activity of the autodisplayed streptavidin was estimated after treatment with fluorescently labeled biotin by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The biotin-binding activity of the E. coli with autodisplayed streptavidin was compared with the activity of streptavidin immobilized on magnetic beads. Finally, the outer membrane presenting autodisplayed streptavidin was isolated and layered on a 96-well microplate for an immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Park
- School of Materials and Sciences, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shin-chon-dong, Seo-dae-mun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Development of surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for the novel protein immunostimulating factor. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Jose J, Park M, Pyun JC. Highly sensitive immunoassay based on E. coli with autodisplayed Z-domain. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:1530-4. [PMID: 19932609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is reported for the detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on high spatial resolution imaging ellipsometry (IE). Monoclonal antibodies specific to H5 hemagglutinin protein were immobilized on silicon wafers and used to capture virus particles. Resultant changes on the surface of the wafers were visualized directly in gray-scale on an imaging ellipsometry image. This preliminary study has shown that the assay is rapid and specific for the identification of avian influenza virus subtype H5. Compared with lateral-flow immunoassays, this biosensor not only has better sensitivity, but can also simultaneously perform multiplexed tests. These results suggest that this biosensor might be a valuable diagnostic tool for avian influenza virus detection.
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Escamilla-Gómez V, Campuzano S, Pedrero M, Pingarrón JM. Gold screen-printed-based impedimetric immunobiosensors for direct and sensitive Escherichia coli quantisation. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3365-71. [PMID: 19481924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensors for the detection and quantification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)-modified gold screen-printed electrodes (AuSPEs) were developed. Two different immunosensor configurations were tested and compared. In the first one, the immunosensing design was based on the covalent immobilization of anti-E. coli at AuSPEs using the homobifunctional cross-linker 3,3'-dithiobis[sulfosuccinimidylpropionate] (DTSSP). The other one was based on the immobilization of the thiolated antibody onto the electrode surface. In both cases, the evaluation of the developed immunosensors performance was accomplished through the monitoring of the electron-transfer resistance detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of [Fe(CN)(6)(3-)]/[Fe(CN)(6)(4-)] as redox probe. The configuration using the thiolated antibodies gave rise to a better analytical performance, exhibiting a linear relationship between the increment in the electron-transfer resistance (DeltaR(et)) and the logarithmic value of the E. coli concentration in the 5-1.0 x 10(8) cfu mL(-1) range. The limit of detection achieved, with no need for preconcentration or pre-enrichment steps was 3.3 cfu mL(-1). The developed immunosensors showed a high selectivity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis). The usefulness of the thiolated antibodies-based design for the rapid analysis (1h) of 10 cfu mL(-1)E. coli inoculated river and tap water samples was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escamilla-Gómez
- Departamento Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Oriented immobilization of antibodies on a silicon wafer using Si-tagged protein A. Anal Biochem 2009; 385:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Meng Y, Chen B. Protein a for human IgG oriented immobilization on silicon surface for an imaging ellipsometry biosensor. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:1497-1500. [PMID: 19964533 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5334162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Imaging ellipsometry biosensor was developed on the basement of imaging ellipsometry for thin-film and surface characterization. Using protein A to immobilize Human IgG on silicon surface for the imaging ellipsometry biosensor immunoassay was studied. As a result, The Human IgG immobilized on silicon surface by protein A bound much more polyclonal antibody than that on hydrophobic surface directly, which indicated that protein A could be used to immobilize Human IgG molecules in a highly oriented manner and Human IgG molecule could maintain its native configuration well on the silicon surface. Furthermore, the absorption quantity of Protein A affecting on interaction of Human IgG and antibody molecules was investigated. The surface concentration of Human IgG and antibody molecules was enhanced as well as the increasing of the absorption quantity of Protein A, but there are no obvious increase when the ratio of surface concentration of Protein A layer to that of saturated adsorption is larger than 80%. However, even decrease slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Meng
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun 130033, China.
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Evaluation of pH-Dependent Staphylococcal Protein A Structural Change Using TOF-SIMS. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Jose J, Chung JW, Jeon BJ, Maas RM, Nam CH, Pyun JC. Escherichia coli with autodisplayed Z-domain of protein A for signal amplification of SPR biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1324-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Kim H, Kang DY, Goh HJ, Oh BK, Singh RP, Oh SM, Choi JW. Analysis of direct immobilized recombinant protein G on a gold surface. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:1152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Wu BY, Hou SH, Huang L, Yin F, Zhao ZX, Anzai JI, Chen Q. Oriented immobilization of immunoglobulin G onto the cuvette surface of the resonant mirror biosensor through layer-by-layer assembly of multilayer films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Immunofunctionalisation of gold transducers for bacterial detection by physisorption. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2825-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Song M, Lv X, Wang H, Jiang G. Fast purification of trace vitellogenin from Chinese rare minnow using protein A-immobilized antibody. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:2151-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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